全国在职教育硕士英语学生用书第二版Unit 1-5
Unit 1 Literature
Prepare Yourself
Do you know ?
communication satellite 通讯卫星mobile telephony 移动通讯intelligent robot 智能机器人clone 克隆telecommunications 远程通讯How do you say it ?
文学literature 科幻小说science fiction 空间旅行space traveling
外星人alien 人类社会human society 高技术high-technology
信息时代information age 信息产业information industry
Make up a sentence
It took 100 years before the moon landings predicted by the French writer Jules Verne actually took place.
法国科幻小说家Jules Verne预言的人类登月，整整用了100年才变成现实。
Imagination is more important than knoeledge.
Text1 What’s the Big Idea?
Nokia sponsors a wide range of educational, cultural and other activities. One of the most u nusual activities was the sponsoring of “Future Histories”, a collection of stories by prominent writers of science fiction .Why should a telecommunications company become involved with literature? It could be called “research”.
诺基亚公司举办了一系列有关教育文化的的意义活动。其中最不寻常的一项活动是举办“未来的历史”，由科幻小说作家们收集的小说故事系列。为什么一个通讯公司变得与文学有牵涉，它就是所谓的“科学研究”。
Science and literature have traditionally been hostile to each other. Writers have regarded scientists as dull creatures who take pleasure in destroying great words of the imagination with boring facts. Scientists have thought of writers as frivolous people with no respect for the rules of evidence. At the heart of their mutual suspicion is the question of who owns the truth. Does something become real when it is imagined or when it is physically created?
科学和文学传统上就相互敌对。文学作家认为：科学家们是一群愚蠢的生物，他们总是破坏人类伟大的想象取乐。科学家则认为：文人作家们是轻浮的，没有尊循事实依据，两者相猜疑的中心交点在于：到底是谁拥有真理事实，是先有想像后来成成真呢？还是实际设计出变成真的？
Science fiction is the one area where these tow opposing groups have met and exchanged ideas . As its name suggests, science fiction is literature which predicts the technology of the future and the effect this will have on human society .Over the years many of their speculations have been remarkably accurate. Space travel, communications satellites, nuclear power, robotics, cloning and mobile telephony have all appeared in books before they appeared in reality.
科幻小说是两大对立集团相互邂逅并交流思想的公共领域。顾名思义，科学小学是预测未来科技和如何影响人类社会的文学作品。近年来，许多想象推测早己变成了现实，如太空旅行，通讯卫星，原子核能，机器人，克隆技术和移动电话，它们都是先出现在作品中然后才变成现实的。
Yet sometimes the writers have got it wrong. Nobody predicted the emergence of personal computers, for instance. And contact with alien beings from other planets still seems a long way off, despite being a common subject of science fiction.
有时，科幻作家们也会搞错。从来没有人能预言个人电脑的出现，反之，尽管外星人早己成为科幻作品的描述对象，但到现在，与外星人的联系还有很长一段距离要走。
Over the years, the time between the prediction of new technology in science fiction and its actual discovery has become shorter. It took 100years before the moon landings predicted by the French writer Jules Verne actually took place. The idea of robots first emerged in the 1920s. The first robots were built in the 1970s.And in the 1940s,Arthur.C.Clarke predicted that communication satellites would circle the globe by the year 2000. These arrived 30 years before they were due.
近年来，在科幻小说中新技术的预言和它变为现实，两者之间的时间在缩短。法国科幻小说家儒勒?凡尔纳预言的人类登月，整整用了100年才变成现实。机器人的设想，再现在19世纪20年代，70年代就真正建成了。十九世纪小说家科拉克预言，到2000年才能实现卫星通讯，结果提前30年，这一设想就实现了。
Richard Dawkins, a British scientist, recently stated that scientific discovery revealed the beauty and complexity of nature in a way that the human imagination could never do.
英国科学家，理查德?道克温斯最近声名：科学发现能够展示大自然的美和复杂性，相反人类的想像则做不到。
Yet this is not the end of the road for science fiction. Many of the developments it has predicted are used for communication and we a re now in what is called the “information age”. And the people who have to do the work complain of “information overload”.
然而这并不是科幻小说的粉途末路，它所预言的很多发展正用信息交流，我们正在所谓的“信息时代”，西方国家超过三分之一的人口受聘于信息科技产业。世界上的领导人倡导“知识型社会”的建立。人们尽管抱怨“信息负担过重”但还必须从事这一行业。
In the middle of all this, there is a real need for people with vision. The future of business communication depends on the ability to imagine new realities and then produce products and
services for them. In “Future Histories”, one story deals with an investor who const antly travels in search of new opportunities in high technology. He backs a company which produces intelligent robots, capable of learning new tasks from their environment. One day, he notices that the robots have stopped working. Eventually, he realizes that they are asking themselves a question which has never occurred to him. Why are we doing this? Writers in the information age have moved from predicting scientific discoveries of the future. Now they speculate about the effect of the revolution of communication on human society. In a world dominated by business and technology, there is still an important role to be played by people who can answer the question –what’s the big idea?
在所有问题中，人们具有想像力是必须的。未来的商业交流主要依赖于把幻想变为现实的能力。能力具备了，才能生产出更多的产品和享有更多的服务，在“未来的历史”中，讲述了一个投资人的故事，他经常奔波于探寻高科技带来的新机遇。
他主办了一家公司，主要生产智能机器人，这种机器人能够根据它所处环境而学习处理各种任务。有一天，他发现，机器人停止工作了，最后，他才认识到：机器人们请教一个他以前从未发生过的问题。信息时代的作家们已不再预言未来的科学发现，我们该怎样应对这一问题呢？于是人们就着手开始估测交际变革对人类的影响，在商业和技术占统治地位的社会中，人们仍需要扮演的一个重要角色，那就是回答：“什么是最大的主意呢？”
Word Glossary P4
sponsor 英['sp?ns?] 美['spɑns?]n. 赞助者；主办者；保证人vt. 赞助；发起
prominent 英['pr?m?n?nt]美['prɑm?n?nt]adj. 突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的
fiction 英['f?k?(?)n]美['f?k??n]n. 小说；虚构，编造；谎言
hostile 英['h?sta?l]美['hɑstl]adj. 敌对的，敌方的；怀敌意的n. 敌对
frivolous 英['fr?v(?)l?s]美['fr?v?l?s]adj. 无聊的；轻佻的；琐碎的
mutual 英['mju?t???l; -tj??l]美['mjut?u?l]adj. 共同的；相互的，彼此的
suspicion 英[s?'sp??(?)n]美[s?'sp???n]n. 怀疑；嫌疑；疑心；一点儿vt. 怀疑
speculation 英[,spekj?'le??n]美[,sp?kju'le??n]n. 投机；推测；思索；投机买卖remarkably 英[ri'ma:k?bli]adv. 显著地；非常地；引人注目地
robotic 美[ro'bɑt?k]adj. 机器人的，像机器人的；自动的n. 机器人学
telephony 英[t?'lef(?)n?]美[t?'l?f?ni]n. 电话（学）；电话制造
predict 英[pr?'d?kt]美[pr?'d?kt]想vt. 预报，预言；预知vi. 作出预言；作预料，作预报alien 英['e?l??n]美['el??n]adj.
外国的；相异的，性质不同的；不相容的n. 外国人，外侨；外星人vt. 让渡，转让emerge 英[?'m??d?]美[?'m?d?]vi. 浮现；摆脱；暴露
vision 英['v??(?)n]美['v???n]n. 视力；美景；眼力；幻象；想象力vt. 想象；显现；梦见dominate 英['d?m?ne?t]美['dɑm?net]
vt. 控制；支配；占优势；在…中占主要地位vi. 占优势；处于支配地位
Expressions and Phrases P4
in reality 实际上；事实上call for 要求；需要；提倡；邀请；为…叫喊
in the middle of 在…中间deal with 处理；涉及；做生意
in search of 寻找；搜寻play a role in 在……起作用
Notes
“He backs a company which produces intelligent robots, capable of learning new tasks from their environment.”
他主办了一家公司，主要生产智能机器人，这种机器人能够根据它所处环境而学习处理各种任务。
本句中capable of learning new tasks from their environment做定语修饰intelligent robots，起补充说明的作用。
Section B
II Vocabulary study 词汇学习第6页
A) Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the right word or expression fron the box and make changes where necessary.完成下列句子从方框中选择正确的单词或短语并进行必要的变形。
1、They got
there in the
late afternoon
and went around in search of a place to stay.
他们在下午晚些时候到达那里并四处寻找栖身之地。
2、The astronomers were questioned on a wide range of subjects from physics to psychology.
宇航员被问到广泛的问题，从物理学到心理学。
3、As people spend more time watching TV and reading the newspapers, the media plays a major role in influencing their opinions. 注意复数加s
因为人们花大量的时间看电视、看报纸，媒体在影响他们的观点上发挥了主要作用。
4、There was a strange silence about what was happening, but the details of the murder were finally revealed by the local paper.
人们对于关于当时发生的事情表现出奇怪的沉默，但是谋杀的细节最终被当地报纸揭露出来。
5、After another round of negotiations, they finally signed a declaration calling for an immediate ceasefire. 经过又一轮谈判之后，他们终于签署了号召立即停火的宣言。
6、Xiao Ling always seems so self-confident, but in reality she is extremely shy.
小玲看起来总是很自信，但实际上她十分害羞。
7、I have to admit that she is very nice as a hostess, but she dose tend to dominate the conversation. 我不得不承认她是个非常好的主持人，但她确实试图在整个谈话占主导作用。
8、Out of respect for the whishes of her family, the accident was not reported in the local media.
为了尊重她家人的愿望，这个事故没有在当地媒体中报道。
9、The company's expansion was predicted on the assumption that sales would rise.
曾经有人预料假设销售量上升这家公司就会扩张。
10、Any suggestion of an imminent crash in stock market is pure speculation.
股票市场即将崩溃的任何建议都纯粹是推测。
B) Choose the appropriate word for each sentence,using the proper form. 第7页
选择适当的词填句子，使用正确的形式。
culture/ culrural 文化/文化的
1. The students attended a class entitled “Beyond Tradition ”,in which they discussed the effect of
technology on traditional culture .
学生们上了一堂名为“超越传统”的课，课上他们讨论了技术对传统文化的影响。
2. China has a vast territory and abundant resources .She is a large country with a long history and a rich cultural heritage . 形容词，后加名词
中国领土宽广，资源丰富。她是一个历史悠久文化遗产丰厚的大国。
sponsored/sponsoring 赞助、资助第一个是动词/ 现在分词 名称
3. At the conference , the minister accused the organization of sponsoring terrorism .
会上，部长指控该组织资助恐怖主义。介词后面要加ing 变成动名词
4. The research program is sponsored by a large computer company.
该研究项目由一个大计算机公司赞助。表示被赞助
complication/complexity 复杂/复杂性
5. The drop in student numbers added further complication to the situation.
学生数量的减少使得情况更加复杂。
6. Now he was getting a lesson in the complexity of diesel engines. 词组
现在，他从柴油发动机的复杂性中得到了教训。
dominate/prevail 支配、占统治地位/流行、取胜、占优势
7. Being a member of Animal Adoration Society, she seems to think that animal rights should prevail over everything else . 词组
作为一个动物崇拜会的成员，她似乎认为动物的权利应优于一切。
8. It was obvious that her husband completely dominated her.
显然，她的丈夫完全支配着她。注意过去时加d
investors/supporters 投资者/支持者
9. As one of the leading candidates for the presidency, he still needs the help of his supporters to win the election .
作为一名主要的总统候选人，他仍然需要他的支持者们帮助他赢得选举。注意加S，复数。
10. In most cases, investors are entitled to a reasonable return on their money .
大多数情况下，投资者有权得到他们投资的合理回报。注意加S，复数。
※- - - - - -句子改错题- - - - - -※
Unit1
III Sentence correction 句子改错第9页破折号后面的是正确答案
1. Eventually he realizes what--（that ）they are asking themselves a question which has never occurred to him.
最后，他意识到他们正在问自己一个从来没在他身上发生过的问题。
2. Modern drugs have a new role to be played----（to play）in controlling diseases of the mind . have a role to play, 发挥作用，不用被动语态
3. she has a cheerful disposition and has kept in contact for --（with）most of her friends from college . in contact with 词组，和…接触
4. After another round of negotiations ,they called on ----（for）the immediate release of the hostages . call for ，词组号召，呼吁
5. There were some delays on the road because of heavy traffic and it spend ---（took）him there hours to get to the airport. It took him some time to do, 花了某人多少时间干某事
Unit2
1. Believe it or not ,his success was due in ---（to）luck . due to 词组
2. The changes have been apparent at ---（over）the past five years. Over 在过去的五年中。
3. In addition for--- (to )English, the students learn art ,music and history .
in addition to 词组，除了…以外。
4. Tim likes outdoor activities. He will go out other ---( rather) than stay home.
Rather than 词组，而不愿
5. She hasn’t made up her mind as for --（to）where she will spend her holiday .
As to 词组，关于
※- - - - - -英译汉- - - - - -※
1、Science fiction is a literature genre developed in the 20th century in which the fiction writer addresses how scientific discoveries, technological developments, and future events and societal changes affect human beings. The description of these influences may be a careful and informed extrapolation of scientific facts and principles, or it may range into farfetched areas flatly contradictory of such facts and principles.
科幻小说是20世纪发展起来的一种文学体裁，科幻小说作家在其作品中描述科学发现、技术进步以及未来的事情和社会变化如何影响人类。对这些影响的描写，可能是对科学事实和原理的一种细致而有根据的判断，或是描写与这些事实和原理完全矛盾的令人难以置信的一些领域。
※- - - - - -汉译英- - - - - -※
1、由于现代科学的兴起?特别是天文学和物理学的巨大变革，科学幻想小说的出现才成为可能。真正的科幻小说始于19世纪末儒勒·凡尔纳的科学幻想浪漫故事，不过，凡尔纳的科学只是停留在发明的水平上。
Science fiction was made possible only by the rise of modern science itself, notably the great revolutions in astronomy and physics, Science fiction proper began toward the end of the 19th century with the scientific romances of Jules Verne, whose science was rather on the level of invention.
Text2 Casinos in Space
It was early morning in late August when explosions interrupted the sleepy silence on Briney 1, third planet from the Vegan solar suns. Simultaneously, disaster shattered the morning ling on Briney 2, the second inhabitable planet in the Briney System and sister planet to Briney 1.
深秋的一天清早，在Briney1星球上，突然，爆炸声打破了深沉的寂静。这是Vegan太阳系和第三个行星。与此同时，灾难也在Briney2星球的晨光中爆发。这是Briney系统中的第2个适宜于人类居住的星球，也是Briney1的姊妹星。
Reports of the two events slowly seeped from the Briney System to Earth with news that thousands of innocent tourists died without warning when two Hilton Hotel Resort towers toppled within minutes on the sister planets. Over 3000 tourists had died as the morning suns rose to bathe the lands in warmth, and panic spread throuthout the Briney System.
有关两件事的报道慢慢地从Briney星系向地球传播。有消息说，数千无辜者在没有任何预警情况下死去，当时两姊妹星系上的希尔顿旅游胜地在几秒内夷为平地，3000多旅客死于晨光沐浴的大地上，同时，恐慌迅速传遍整个Briney星系。
The year was 2022. Gambling had been outlawed on every continent of the Earth by the year 2010. Except for those isolated areas where occasionally an illegally run casino would appear, the Earth was virtually casino free. And it was a very risky business proposition for
those illegal entrepreneurs, because when caught, they would end up on the penal planet in the Andromeda system, for life. It was the death of casinos on Earth.
这一年是2022年，早在2010年，除了有的地方偶然出现非法赌博，那里是自由的，地球各个大洲都已宣布赌博为非法。非法企业家运作这一行业带有很大的风险，如果一旦被抓，他们将终生结束正常生活，囚禁在Adnromeda系统，因而赌场在地球上寿终正寝。
At about the time the World Congress eliminated all on-planet casino gambling, anyone with money and nerve could safely travel from the Earth to the one hundred or so known habitable planets. It was the first privately owned resort starship, funded by the billionaire descendants of the casino owners of Las Vegas, the once-glittering Earth city in the Nevada desert.
在世界委员会消除地球上的所有赌博后，有钱且胆量大的人们便乘坐飞船安全的飞离地球，到其他己知适宜人类居住的星球，几年前，仅仅是装备完善的军用飞船才能够快速在在星际旅行。仅仅几年后，第一艘非军事飞船叫做拉斯维加斯在规安装（根据美国著名赌城命名），拉斯维加斯，位于内华达沙漠腹地，曾是引人注目的赌城，那里的百万富翁大赌头的子孙们投资兴建了第一艘私人拥有的观光飞船。
All was not lost for gamblers who could afford a trip on the deep-space resort liner, the Las Vegas, built for vacationing throughout the known habitable planets of our galaxy, the Milky Way.
并不是所有的赌徒都能够支付得起太空旅行航程，拉斯维加斯，穿过我们太阳系中几处己知的适宜人类居住的星球建起通天之路。
Actually, deep space travel had been possible since the year 2015. It was a group of Michigan scientists who invented the technology for traveling to distant stars, light years from Earth, using the TSTAR space drive to move an object many times beyond the speed of light. It was first named the TSPACE drive, but had to be changed because of the highly classified nature of the drive’s technology. Any hint at the drive’s Capability, beyond its current use, had to be protected for security reasons. By the year 2019, with certain government restrictions and supervision ,it was possible to use the new TSTAR drive, for private use, in the starship Las Vegas.
实际上，太空旅行早在2015年已经变成可能，一群密歇根科学家，他们发明了旅行科学技术，能够达地球外数光年的遥远星球，利用TSTR太空航天器，能够超光速若干倍的速度运送物体，它最初命名为TSPACE航天器，而且根据它高精度的分类属性进行改进。*******************************************，在政府的限制和监管下，星际飞船拉斯维加斯为私人应用才变成可能。
It was their first time on the Las Vegas for this group of six .Barry Cohen and Elena Romanoff knew that it was going to be the ultimate in vacations: even better than their honeymoon in Hawaii. They convinced two other couples to join them without much coaxing since the trip was complimentary, not to mention that they would be able to gamble between star systems on the luxurious starship, the Las Vegas.
这是拉斯维加斯号的首次6人飞行，巴里·克林和埃琳娜·罗蔓沃夫深知：他们将腾空而起，到达一个遥远的地方，这要比他们在夏威夷的度蜜月更刺激。因为这次旅程免费，所以，他们没有费多少口舌便动员其他两夫妇参与，也没有提及，他们将乘坐最豪华的飞船——拉斯维加斯到星际间去赌博。
“Are you guys ready?” Barry asked as their jet liner prepared for final approach to the Cape Canaveral airport, in Florid a. “you know, we’re so close to Disney World , you may want to change your mind.” He directed the remark to Paul Erickson, knowing that he might be able to stir him up a bit. Paul was the nervous type.
在佛罗里达州开普卡那沃罗尔机场，为航天发射的最后准备中，巴里问道：“你们都准备好了吗？你们应知道，我们类似到迪斯尼世界，现在改变注意还来得及”。他直接对保罗·埃雷无森说，因为他知道，保罗是那种比较有激情、神经质的那种人。
“Now, Barry, I greed to go and I’m here, ”Paul said in his defense, moving his body forward to meet Barry eye to eye. His head, within inches of Barry’s face, revealed an oval face marked by a square chin, black curly hair, dark and bushy eyebrows, and a small nose just barely capable of supporting his gold-rimmed eyeglasses.
“现在，我同意去，我不是在这儿吗？”保罗反击道：他移了一下身子同巴里二目相对。他的头同巴里的脸不到1英尺。保罗长着一张圆脸，方下颏，黑卷发，浓浓的眉毛，小鼻子上方架着一副金边眼镜。
“Just checking, Paul,” Barry said, then glancing over at Mark Simonson with a big grin. “Because once we’re up in the Las Vegas, you won’t be able to change your mind.” Mark looked up and returned the grin. His hair was light-brown and thinning, with some strand dangling over the top of his gold wire-rimmed eyeglasses. As he smiled, he brushed his hair back where it belonged.
“那就好好检查一下吧，保罗”然后咧嘴笑着看了马克·西门森一眼，“因为我们一旦进入拉斯维加斯号，那时就不允许改变注意了！”马克看了，同样咧嘴笑了，马克的头发浅棕色，细长，许多缕垂在金边眼镜上方，当他微笑时，他习惯性把头发捋往身后。
“It’s what we have all decided on, ”Jane Erickson said, in Paul’s defense. “We’re going if we have to be tied down and gagged.” Jane had lo ng ,thick, black hair down to her shoulders and a hint of gray streaks, which were noticeably visible at first glance.
“That’s the spirit,” Mark said.
“Come on guys, that’s enough,” Susan Simonson interjected. ”We are all going on this trip. It was de cided a while ago. So let’s stop razzing Paul. Please?”
“那是我们共同的决定”简·埃雷克森对保罗回击道，“我们要去，因而必须努力和保持缄默，”简一头秀发，密密地，后垂在肩，打着弯弯的卷儿，一眼看去，尤其引人注目。“那是我们的精神所在”马克补充说。“好了，伙计们，够了！”苏珊·西蒙森打断话头，“我们要去远行，它难道是临时之计吗？不要再戏弄保罗了，好吗？
“I’m surprised at you, Barry,” Jane said. The passenger jet was almost at the gate and people
were readyi ng their hand luggage for disembarking.” We’re all going, and we’re all going to have a great time. Enough said”
“It was just a joke,” Barry said. “I’m sorry, Paul. Hope you weren’t offended? ”
“Don’t worry about it,” Paul returned. “I can take a joke or two, and I was not offended.” He looked a bit hurt even though he hadn’t expressed it.
“我太惊喜了，巴里”简说，“旅行器引擎都已在发射塔前了，人们在为登机而准备随身携带的行李”。“我们要动身了，我们将迎来一个难忘的时刻”埃诺说到。“仅仅是个玩笑”巴里说：“对不起，保罗，请别当心”。“不用担心”保罗回答说：“我也会开一两个笑话，我不会还击的”尽管他未再现出，但还是有点受到了伤害。
Barry quickly took notice of Paul and said, “No I insist on apologizing. I’m sorry, Paul.” Barry had thick light-brown hair and a medium build. He seemed to be in a good mood most of the time, and usually had a smile on his face or sometimes it was grin. That was a quality everyone liked about Barry.
Just then, the flight attendant announced, “Passenger s, the aircraft is at the gate and disembarking will commence in a few minutes.”
巴里迅速看了保罗一眼说：“我真的向你道歉，我错了”。巴里一头浓浓的浅棕色头发，并且修剪得适中，多数时间，他心情很好，脸上常常挂着微笑，偶尔也咧嘴大笑，因而大家都与他相处友好。这时，飞船服务员宣布：“乘客们，飞行器己在发射仓，几分钟内就要起飞。”
“Great. We made it,” Barry said. “Hope you guys are ready?”
Everyone was quiet as they moved along on the walk way to an area where their luggage and a limousine awaited them. In less than an hour, there would be no turning back, because they would be leaving Earth behind.
“太好了，我们就等这一刻”巴里喊道：“希望伙计们都做好准备。” 每个人静静的沿着走廊把行李放下，一辆三排座豪华轿车正在等他们，不到一小时，他们将把地球远远抛在身后，不再回来。
Unit 2 Business
Prepare Yourself
Do you know ?
stock holder 股东taxing authority 税务机关
charitable organization 慈善机构nonprofit firm 非盈利公司
sales forecast 销售预测economic forecast 经济预测
How do you say it ?
管理management 协调coordinate 运作operate
人力资源human resources 经费funds 决策make decisions
政府部门governmental agencies 金融机构financial institution
Make up a sentence
Human resources can achieve maximum productivity only when they have access to appropriate types of physical resources.
只有当人力资源与物质资源的正确类型相匹配时，才能实现产出最大化.
Good management is a vehicle for social progress.
Text1 A Definition of Management
Management is a complex process. Through management. managers coordinate the work of people with other resources. More formally, management is defined as the process of effectively and efficiently using an organization’s resources to achieve objectives through the functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Successful management requires an understanding of how a firm operates. Managers must comprehend the individual components if a firm’s activities in order to complete their tasks properly. For example, a manager must understand how the company’s products--goods or services –are produced, financed, and distributed.
管理工作是项复杂的过程，通过管理，管理者可以使人的工作与其他资源协调一致。说的正式点，管理工作就定义成一项有效性和高效性地利用公司资源，通过制定计划，组织管理，领导监督和控制运作等功能，更好地实现公司目标。成功的管理工作要求管理者必须对公司运作有深刻的理解，为了更好地完成任务，管理者必须综合平衡个人的胜任能力和公司的产销活动。打个比方说，管理者必须了解这个公司的产品（货物或服务）是怎样生产，注入资金，怎样分配和销售的。
Effectiveness and efficiency are particularly crucial aspects of management. Effectiveness means that the right things are done to provide a product of value. Efficiency indicates that resources are used wisely and are not wasted. A successful company is one that is both effective and efficient.
高效性和有效性是管理工作尤为重要的两个方面，高效性意味着正确利用某物使之产值最大化，有效性是指明智地利用某物，不能浪费，成功的公司同时具备有效的和高效的这两个属性。
An effective manager makes certain that employees work on tasks for which they are well trained and competent. An efficient manager constantly monitors how resources are used in order to minimize waste. The resources available to a manager are human, financial, physical, and informational. Managerial success is determined principally by the degree to which mangers coordinate these resources and then use them wisely to offer customers products they want. Achieving this type of success in today’s complex and global business environment is challenging. In part ,mangers must show employees how to welcome and adapt to constant change while helping them make extraordinary contribution.
高效的管理者要确保雇员努力工作，接受良好培训，能够胜任工作任务，高效管理者经常监督：怎样利用资源，使浪费最小化。对管理者来说，有效资源是指人力资源；财政资源，物
质财产资源和信息资源，管理是否成功，主要取决于管理者如何协调这些资源，明智运用资源，为顾客们提供他们所想要的产品。在现今日益复杂化和全球化的商业环境中，要做到成功管理是非常有挑战性的，有时，管理者有必要向雇员讲明，如何接受和适应经常变换的环境，使他们做出突出贡献。
Human resources. The one critical resource in all organizations is human resources. Human resources are the people through whom and with whom managers work to achieve objectives The challenge to managers is to motivate each person to work as effectively and efficiently as possible. Mangers must also make sure that human resources have the resources they need to be productive.
人力资源，它是所有公司中最为关键的一个资源，人力资源是指人们通过自身努力和管理者的管理工作达到相关目标。对管理者最大的挑战是激励每个人尽可能有效和高效地工作，管
（也就是劳动者和劳动资料紧理者也必须确保每个人都具备他们进行生产所必备的其他资源。
密结合）
Financial resources. Financial resources are the monetary resources required to support a firm’s current and future activities .These resources are used to acquire and maintain the company’s human, physical, and informational resources.
资金资源：资金资源是支撑一个公司的当前和未来生产活动的财力资源，它常常被用来满足和维持公司的人力、物产和信息资源。
For profit companies acquire financial resources through investments made by stockholders, funds borrowed from banks and other financial institutions, and retained earnings. For governmental agencies, financial resources are provided by a local, state, and /or federal government’s taxing authority. Donations serve as the source of financial resources for charitable organizations. churches, and other nonprofit firms.
为了利润，公司要求财力资源来支持，这些财力资金由股东投资、银行贷款、其他金融机构或自己的所挣所得构成。对于政府主办的机构公司来说，资金来源主要由地方、州或者是联邦政府的税收机关提供。捐献是慈善机构、教堂和其它非营利机构的主要资金来源。Physical resources. A third type of resources which mangers use to accomplish objectives is known as physical resources. These include raw materials, land, buildings, furniture and office equipment, computers, machinery(including robots), and physical inventories. Clearly, physical resources are important to a firm’s success. However, because a firm with adequate financial resources can buy the best physical equipment, educated human resources may be more important than physical resources.
物产资源：管理者用于完成各种目标的第3个资源是物产资源，它包含原材料、土地、建筑物、家具和办公设施、计算机、机器（包括机器人）和各种货物库存。很明显，物产资源对一个公司的成功运作非常重要。当然，如果一个公司有足够的财力，可以购买最上乘的物品装备，雇用受过良好培训的人力资源，那要比物产资源更重要。
Informational resources. Informational resources are data that have been analyzed and converted into forms that help managers make effective decisions. To be useful, informational
resources must be correct, timely, concise, and comprehensive. Examples of these resources include budgets, sales forecasts, economic forecasts, analyses of in-house training programs, and a host of other documents that help managers make decisions.
信息资源：信息资源是经过分析和转换的数据，它能帮助管理者进行有效决策。为了更实用，信息资源必须正确、及时、简要、广泛全面。信息资源的实例包括财政预算、市场预测，经济前景预测、公司内部培训计划分析，和其他的帮助管理者决策的文献材料。
In today’s complex global markets, the skillful use of informational resources is necessary for a company’s success. Organizational resour ces are often closely related. For example, the effective and efficient use of financial markets. Sophisticated computer systems may be needed to convert data into useful information. Human resources can achieve maximum productivity only when they have access to appropriate types of physical resources. The challenge to managers is to reorganize the overlap among resources while valuing the importance of each.
在现今复杂化全球化的市场上，信息资源的有效利用对一个公司的成功是必须的，各种资源常常是密切相关的。例如，财力资源的有效和高效利用受人力资源对国际财经市场的理解的影响。复杂的计算机系统可以用作把数据转换成为有用的信息，只有当人力资源与物质资源的正确类型相匹配时，才能实现产出最大化，对管理者的挑战就是评估各种资源的重要性时重新组合，去提重叠部分。
Unit2
II Vocabulary study 词汇学习第21页
1、As an excellent manager, he is very good at motivating his employees.
作为一名杰出的经理，他非常善于激励他的员工。
2、Their principal activities are to serve the French corporations operating abroad.
他们的主要活动是为法国公司的国外经营服务。
3、The two rival companies maintained close relations for ten years.
两家竞争公司维持了10年的密切关系。
4、A large complex organization can be slow to adapt to changes.
一个大型的复杂组织适应变化可能比较缓慢。
5、The ability to use a language can be acquired only by the act of using the language.
使用一门语言的能力可以通过仅仅使用这门语言就能够获得。
6、A password is needed to get access to the computer system.
加入电脑系统需要密码。
7、Good records are required for the preparation of complete and accurate tax documents.
为了准备完整有精确的税收文件需要完善的记录。
8、They read the story, but only a few fully comprehended its meaning.
他们读了这个故事，但是只要少数几个人完全理解它的意思。
9、They converted the medieval castle into a beautiful theater.
他们把这个中世纪的城堡变成了一座美丽的戏院。
10、The doctor was certain after examining his wounds that he could not possibly live.
在检查完他的伤势之后，这个医生确定他不可能存活。
B) Choose the appropriate word for each sentence,using the proper form. 第7页
选择适当的词填句子，使用正确的形式。
※- - - - - -近义选词填空，两个词中选适合意思。- - - - - -※
Process/procedure 过程、步骤/程序
1. John did not follow the correct procedure in applying for the job.
约翰在申请工作时没有遵循正确的程序。
2. The firm is now on the process of moving the machines to a new factory . 词组
该公司现在正在将机器搬往新工厂的过程中。
Coordinate/cooperate 协调/合作
3. The scientists from the two medical schools are cooperating in the attempt to find a cure for the disease. 注意进行时加ing
来自两个医学院的科学家正合作试图找到治愈该疾病的方法。
4. They appointed a new manager to coordinate the work of the team.
他们任命了一位新经理来协调该团队的工作。
Objetive/objection 目标/反对
5. He set an objective for the new organization to provide free legal aid to the poor.
他为新组织设立了目标，为穷人提供免费的法律援助。
6. The main objection to program was that it would cost too much .
该项目的主要反对是它可能花费太大。
effctive/efficient 有效的/高效的
7. They used a new drug in the treatment that is effective against the cancer .
他们在治疗过程中使用新药物，该药物对付癌症非常有效。
8. A successful manager needs an efficient secretary.
一个成功的经理需要一名高效的秘书。
Productive/productivity 高产的/产量
9. The installation of the new machinery has doubled the productivity of the factory .
安装新机器使得该工厂的产量翻倍增加。
10. The new training program made the workers highly productive .
新的培训计划使得个人生产力提高。
III Prepositions and adverbs 介词和副词
Fill each blank with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 用适当的介词或副词填空。
1. He said that they should examine all the costs involved in the project first.
他说他们应该首先检查这个工程涉及的成本。固定词组，涉及
2. Dealing with th is diversity of human resources in the 2010’s and beyond will be a significant challenge to managers. 固定词组，对…挑战
在2010年和之后处理人力资源的多样性并将对经理们是个重大的挑战。
3. Smith’s Tuesday morning experiences are typical of managerial work, which is varied, fragmented, and difficult to plan and organize. 固定词组，典型的
史密斯星期二早上的经历是典型的管理工作，这种工作是多样的、散碎的并且很难计划和组织。
4. Effective managers may be one of a developed country’s most valuable resources, and they are one of the most needed resources in less developed countries .
效率高的经理可能是发达国家最有价值的资源之一，他们在不太发达的国家是最需要的资源之一。less 副词，修饰形容词，表示较少的
5. The specific tasks of a manager in a college or university department differ from those of people managing in other organizations .
大学部门经理的具体任务不同于在其他组织中从事管理工作的人的任务固定词组，不同于
6. Bad management results in poor employee morale, poor quality, low productivity, and unnecessary employee-employer conflicts . 固定词组，导致
劣质的管理导致职员士气不佳，质量差，产量低以及不必要的雇主和员工之间的冲突。
7. Errors in judgement for job hunting can prevent even the finest candidate from landing the job she or he wants .固定词组，在…方面的错误。
求职的判断错误会阻止最好的候选人得到他或她获得想要的工作。
8. The business plan is a written document that clearly defines the goals of a business and outlines the methods for achieving them . 固定词组，…的方法
商业计划是一份书面文件，该文件明确规定了商业的目标并列出了实现目标的方法。
9. Rapid technological developments in transportation and communications have brought the peoples of the world closer together in a physical sense. 固定词组，在…意义上
交通和通讯方面的快速的技术发展已经使得全世界的人们在物理意义上更加接近。
10. A recent survey revealed that 54 percent considered a foreign language necessary for doing business abroad . 副词，在国外
最近的调查显示54%的人们认为一门外语是在国外做生意所必须的。
※- - - - - -句子翻译- - - - - -※
汉译英
A) Translate the following Chinese sentences into English using appropriate modal verbs.
使用适当的情态动词将下列中文句子翻译成英文。第2单元第23页
1、她说不应当允许发生这样的错误。
She said that such errors ought not to be allowed.
2、在挑选计算机时你必须要选择合适的软件。
When choosing a computer, you will need to select the right software.
3、我们在工作中可能会有机会与国外的专家进行交流。
In our work, we may occasionally communicate with experts in other countries.
4、如果一个人要在商界成功的话?就必须克服这些困难。
These obstacles must be overcome if one is to be successful in the business world.
5、市场调研十分重要?搜集到的信息可以增加你盈利的可能性。
Market research is very important, the information which has been gathered can increase your profit potential.
6、因为没有一家公司的财政经费有它所期待的那么多，所以公司必须就如何使用其有限的资金进行决策。Because no company has many financial resources as it would like to have (as might have been expected), decision must be made regarding how these limited resources will be used.
※- - - - - -动词时态填词- - - - - -※
Unit2 第23页
1. I was waiting all the morning. You should have told（tell）me you weren’t coming.
我整个早上都在等，你本应该告诉我你要来的。
2. There must have been (be)a bad accident here. Look at all the broken glass around..
这儿肯定发生了严重事故，看到处是破玻璃。
3. I should like to have been told (tell) the result earlier .
我本来希望早点被告知这个结果的。
4. You needn’t have carried (not carry) all those parcels by yourself .The shop would have delivered them if you had required it .
你本不需要亲自运送这些包裹的。商店会送过来如果你要求的话。
5. No one dared to question (question) the order of the commander at that time .
当时，没人敢怀疑指挥官的命令。
6. I can’t find my mobile phone. I may have left (leave) it in the restaurant yesterday .
我找不到我的手机了。我可能昨天掉在旅馆了。
7. Since you’ve finished with these magazines, you may as well sell (sell)them and make some money.
既然你已经看完了这些杂志，你不妨卖掉它们赚些钱。
8. ----Look! Those people who are coming into the hall are carrying wet umbrellas .
----It must be raining /must have been raining (rain)outside.
瞧，那些进入大厅的人们正带着湿雨伞。
外面肯定在下雨/肯定已经下过雨。
※- - - - - -句子改错题- - - - - -※
Unit2
1. Believe it or not ,his success was due in ---（to）luck . due to 词组
2. The changes have been apparent at ---（over）the past five years. Over 在过去的五年中。
3. In addition for--- (to )English, the students learn art ,music and history .
in addition to 词组，除了…以外。
4. Tim likes outdoor activities. He will go out other ---( rather) than stay home.
Rather than 词组，而不愿
5. She hasn’t made up her mind as for --（to）where she will spend her holiday .
As to 词组，关于
※- - - - - -英译汉- - - - - -※
2、Managerial economics is the study of the application of economic principles of decision-making in business firms or in other management units. The basic concepts are derived mainly form microeconomic theory, which studies the behavior of individual consumers, firms, and industries, but new tools of analysis have been added. Statistical methods, for example, are becoming increasingly important in estimating current and future demand for products.
管理经济学研究将经济学原理运用于企业公司或其他管理部门的决策之中，其基本概念主要来自研究个体消费者、公司和行业的经济行为的微观经济学，但加进了新的分析方法。例如各种统计方法在估计产品当前和今后的需求中已日渐重要。
※- - - - - -汉译英- - - - - -※
2、好的管理是实现个人和社会目标的不可缺少的内容。好的管理可以创造高质量的工作和高生产率，可以把冲突减至最低程度和最大限度地促进合作，所有这些会使经济不断改善，而这又为个人发展和社会进步打下很好的基础。
Good management is a vital element in achieving personal and social objectives. Good management can creat high quality and high productivity, minimize conflicts and maximize cooperation, all
of which lend to an improving economy which lays an excellent foundation for personal development and social progress.
Text2 Culture and International Business
The success or failure of a company abroad depends on how effectively its employees can exercise their skills in a new location. That ability will depend on both their job-related expertise and the individual’s sensitivity and responsiveness to the new cultural environment. One of the most common factors contributing to failure in international business assignments is the erroneous assumption that if a person is successful in the home environment, he or she will be equally successful in applying technical expertise in a different culture.
国外公司的成功与否取决于它的员工能不能在新地方高效地发挥自己的聪明技巧，取决于在新的文化氛围中的两种能力：一是与工作有关系的工作能力，一是个人的工作责任心。有一个共同的因素经常导致国际商务的失败，那就是一个人在国内商务环境中取得了成功，那么他（她）同样地把这种工作技能运作于不同的文化。
Research has shown that failures in the overseas business setting most frequently result from an inability to understand and adapt to foreign ways of thinking and acting rather than from technical or professional incompetence. At home ,US businesspeople equip themselves with vast amount of knowledge of their employees, customers, and business partners. Market research provides detailed information on values, attitudes, and buying preference of US consumers; middle-and upper-level mangers are well versed in the intricacies of their organization’s culture; and labor negotiators must be highly sensitive to what motiva tes those on the other side of the table. Yet when North American turn to the international arena; they are often only willing to deal with customers, employees, and fellow workers with a dearth of information that at home would be unimaginable.
调查结果显示：海外商务公司失败的原因，并不是专业能力不胜任，而是对国外思维行为模式的不理解和不适应。在国内，美国商人用大量的知识来武装他们的雇员，消费者和商业背景。市场调研也提供了美国消费顾客的价值观、心态和购买倾向等许多详细的信息，中高水平的管理者非常精通他们错综复杂的企业文化，非常敏感劳资双方关系和激励谈判桌上的另一方伙伴。但是当北美商人们转向国际商业大舞台时，他们仅仅愿意关注顾客、雇员、和工作同事，对其他了解不多，这在国内是简直难以想像的。
The literature on international business is filled with examples of business miscues when US corporations attempted to operate in an international context. Some are mildly amusing. Others are downright embarrassing. All of them, to one degree or another, have been costly in terms of money, reputation, or both. For example, when American firms try to market their products in other countries, they often assume that if a marketing strategy or slogan is effective in Cleveland, it will be equally effective in other parts of the world. But problems arise when cultural context changes.
有关国际商务的文件资料记载了一些美国公司在国际商务环境中运作的失败案例。这些公司有的显得很好笑，有些显得很尴尬，在这样或那样的某种程度上，他们的声誉和钱财损失惨
重。举例来说，美国公司在其它国家外销产品时，他们常常这样臆测：这些市场营销策略或口号在克里夫兰非常有效，那么在世界上其他的地方也肯定同样奏效，当文化内容背景改变了，一系列问题也就出现了。
Just as inattention to the cultural context can result in some costly blunders in marketing and management, and it also can affect seriously the success of international business negotiations. Time, effort, reputation, and even contracts can be lost because of cultural ignorance…The world is changin g faster than most of us can calculate, and if American businesspersons are to meet the challenges of an increasingly interdependent world, they will need to develop a better understanding of how cultural variable influence international business enterprises. A healthy dialogue between cultures and members of the international business community will be an important step in achieving that needed understanding.
由于对文化内容背景的不注意，导致了市场营销和管理方面的重大失误，也严重影响到国际商务会谈协商的成功，时间、努力，声誉甚至是合同都因为文化背景的缺乏而丢失。世界的变化要比我们预测快得多。假如美国商人要迎接日渐紧密的互相依存的世界带来的挑战，那么他们就需要很好的理解不同的文化如何影响国际商务企业。要想取得更好的理解，在不同的文化和国际商业界成员之间的健康和谈对话是很重要的一步。
Unit 3 Travel
Prepare Yourself
Do you know ?
tourist resort旅游胜地landscape scenery 山水风光
virgin forest 原始森林hitchhiking 沿途免费搭乘他人便车旅行
outdoor adventures户外冒险活动 a camper 野营者
How do you say it ?
远足hike 兜风go for a ride 观光sight-seeing
探险explore, exploration 交游go outing 滑雪skiing
冲浪surfing 睡袋sleeping bag 导游图tourist map 夏令营summer camp
Make up a sentence
Once in the wilderness, your chief worry will be, not how to avoid other hikers, but how not to get lost!
在空旷的野外，你最担心的不是避开旅游高峰，而是怕迷了路！
Happiness takes no account of time.
Text1 Enjoy the Great Outdoors
Few countries have such a varied and tempting outdoors as the USA. There is every kind of climate except tropical; Arctic in Alaska, Mediterranean in southern California, temperate in
the northwest and northeast, subtropical in Florida, desert in Arizona and New Mexico. Death Valley, California, has the most consistently high summer temperature in the world It sometimes persists at 132°F.
很少有国家像美国那样具有各种各样诱人的户外活动。除热带气候外，各种气候都具备。阿拉斯加的极地气候，加利福尼州北部的地中海式气候，东北部和西北部的温带气候，佛罗里达州的亚热带气候，亚里桑那州和新墨西哥州的沙漠气候。加利福尼亚的死亡之谷，在夏季始终保持着全世界的最高温度，有时高达132华氏度。
As for the landscape, it is enormously varied and spectacular. In the west there are the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, with their snow-capped peaks, and in the east the wild, forest-covered Appalachians, whose highest summit is nearly 7000 feet. There is an abundance of waterfall, gentle rivers, lakes that are small and intimate or vast like the Great Lakes, Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world and the waves which break on its shores are like the waves of the sea. In winter and in spring, campers, are tempted by the clear skies and dazzling multi-colored rocks of Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico. Even the bleak splendor of Death Valley attracts many winter visitors.
至于山水，那可是多种多样，引人入胜，颇为壮观。西部有落基山脉和内华达山脉，那里白雪皑皑；在东部，有森林覆盖的阿拉巴契山脉，它的最高峰近7000英尺。这儿有丰富的瀑布群和涓涓小河，既有祥和宁静的小湖泊，也有像GREAT LAKES那样的大湖，这里有世界上最大的淡水湖—--苏必利尔湖。那里的波浪像大海波涛一样汹涌澎湃。冬春季节，亚里桑那、科罗拉多、和新墨西哥州和洁静滑雪和眼花缭乱的多彩岩石吸引了大批宿营人。
Everything worth seeing in the USA is accessible to campers, picnickers and vacationers. Freeways, highways, unpaved secondary roads lead you to places from where you can push off into the wilderness. Once in the wilderness, your chief worry will be, not how to avoid other hikers, but how not to get lost!
在美国最值得一瞧的是宿营人、野炊人和度假人的便利。高速路、高等公路、未铺油的二等公路四通八达，从你动身之处一直到野外。在空旷的野外，你最担心的不是避开旅游高峰，而是怕迷了路！
The unique contributions of the United States to those who love the great outdoors are the National Parks and State Parks. They are beautifully organized and give particular thought to campers. There are also campsites by the sea, which are hidden from the beach by a line of sand dunes, or a thick belt of trees .Wherever you go ,you can nearly always find picnic places complete with wooden tables and benches, garbage cans and restrooms.
美国为野外活动爱好者们所作的特殊贡献就是建立了众多的国家公园，及州立公园，这些公园布局漂亮，体现了对野营爱好者的特殊关爱。海边有许多野营营地，这些营地，或隐匿在海滩一连串的沙丘后，或在海滩茂密的林带后面。无论你走到哪里，几乎能找到地方野餐，这些地方设备齐全，全都配有木制桌子、长凳、垃圾桶和洗手间。
Many Americans, young and old, prefer camping in vehicles, called campers. There are many different kinds, from the extremely luxurious to the convertible pick-up truck. There
are monster campers with every imaginable luxury, from deep freezes and microwave ovens, to plush carpets and color television sets. They can accommodate four people comfortably, and they do not necessarily belong to rich people.
有很多美国人，不管老少，更愿自己开车野营。车型多种多样，有特别豪华奢侈的，也有可折叠的轻型皮卡，许多野营者豪华程度难以想像，深色的冰箱，微波炉，长绒地毯到彩电，可以很舒服给四个人提供宿膳。但这并不仅仅是富人的专利。
Some retired couples put a large part of their savings into these “homes on wheels” and spend half the year roaming the country. It satisfies a craving for the great open spaces that some of them still have in their advanced years, and it is at the same time a cheap way to live. If the price of gas goes up any further, they will simply roam less far.
许多老夫妇把他们大部分积蓄花费在“车轮子上的家”，一年中的大半时间在国内游历，在他们的有生之年仍然心醉于渴望到开阔的地方，并且这也是一种省钱的生活方式，如果汽油价格上扬，他们就将减少游历。
Even the smallest camper cannot negotiate the steeper and more tortuous roads which lead far into the wilderness. So the adventurous often strap bicycles or motorbikes to the front of their campers. Then they are free to follow the smallest tracks up the mountains, across the deserts or into the forests.
即使是行装最简的野营者也不能够穿过陡峭险峻、蜿蜒曲折的通往野外的山间小路，这时野营者常常把他们的自行车或摩托车捆在野营地前面，然后一身轻松地穿过山间小路，穿过沙漠或森林。
Others travel the country in four-wheel-drive vehicles. They may carry with them canoes or rafts, in which they travel down rivers controlled by the National Park Service. These rivers flow through wildernesses. The adventures can camp on the riverbanks, but they are forbidden to go inland. They cannot hunt, but they are allowed to fish. Some of these rivers twist and rush down narrow canyons, or deep rocky valleys thick with forests. Rangers patrol the waters from time to time. But you travel the rivers at your own risk.
还有其他借助于四驱车旅行全国的游历者，四驱车上装着独木舟或竹筏子，下水划船游历。这些小溪由国家公园服务处管理。通往野外，这些探险者可在小河边宿营，但禁止进入内陆腹地。不准打猎，可以钓鱼，许多小河蜿蜒曲折，水流湍急，从深谷中或从森林茂密的深壑中流出。有时，偶尔与护林员相遇，沿河顠游，自担风险。
Horseback riding is a favorite but more expensive sport, and there are dude ranches in Texas and other border states where you can stay-at a price-and live the life of a cowboy or cowgirl. Other outdoor adventures can be snowshoeing through the flat forests of Michigan, snow-mobiling anywhere, skiing in the Rockies and in Alasks, surfing, water-skiing and hunti ng. And there are many other things besides, that you can do in the American “great outdoors.”
骑马旅行是时兴但花费较贵的运动，在得克萨斯州有旅游大牧场。你可以停在与它边界毗连的地方（相当贵的）做一回牛仔们的生活。其他的户外探险运动，到密歇根密林，穿雪鞋旅
行，在各州的雪上开车旅行，在洛基山脉和阿拉斯加的划雪，冲浪、划水、和狩猎。你可以做美国人“伟大的户外活动者”可作的许多的其他事情。
SectionB
II Vocabulary study 第3单元第37页
A)Translate the following compounds into Chinese.将下列合成词翻译成汉语。
Chicken-hearted 胆怯的air-conditioning 空调
Honey-mouthed 甜言蜜语的sun-bathing 日光浴
Paper-backed 平装书handwriting 书写
Needle-shaped 针状的daydreaming 做白日梦
Oak-forested 橡树林覆盖的ocean-mining 海洋开采
Translate the following into English.将下列词组翻译成英文
头脑清醒的clear-minded 骑马horse-riding
市场驱动的market-driven 走钢丝rope-walking
计算机辅助的computer-aided 梦游sleep-walking
费时的time-consuming 侧身躲闪side-stepping
国有的state-owned 上教堂churchgoing
B)Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the right word or expression fron the box and make changes where necessary.完成下列句子从方框中选择正确的单词或短语并进行必要的变形。
1、Housing could be obtained at a price .
高价才能获得住房。
2、Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.
药物不能放在孩子们能够接近的地方。
3、Patrick is not sure whether he can （negotiate the turn）at the bottom.
帕特里克不能肯定在底端他是否能够拐弯。这是一个固定词组-----拐弯
4、The hungry beggar had a craving for food, any food left by the guests.
这个饥饿的乞丐非常渴望食物，客人留下的任何食物。
5、Let's push off early so that we'll get there before nightfall.
我们早点启程吧，那样我们就能在天黑之前到达那里。
6、John and Armstrong maintain consistently a high standard.
约翰和阿姆斯特朗一贯保持高水平。
7、Those foreign students are accommodated in Canadian homes near the campus for a three-week orientation program.
这些外国学生在校园附近的加拿大人的家里住宿为了进行三星期的迎新活动。
8、Each person's signature is unique and that will help us to find out if this document is a forgery. 每一个人的签名都是独特的，这将帮助我们查明这个文件是伪造的。
C) Choose the appropriate word for each sentence,using the proper form. 第7页
选择适当的词填句子，使用正确的形式。
全国在职教育硕士英语学生用书第二版Unit 3 Unit 3 Travel Prepare Yourself Do you know ? tourist resort旅游胜地landscape scenery 山水风光 virgin forest 原始森林hitchhiking 沿途免费搭乘他人便车旅行 outdoor adventures户外冒险活动 a camper 野营者 How do you say it ? 远足hike 兜风go for a ride 观光sight-seeing 探险explore, exploration 交游go outing 滑雪skiing 冲浪surfing 睡袋sleeping bag 导游图tourist map 夏令营summer camp Make up a sentence Once in the wilderness, your chief worry will be, not how to avoid other hikers, but how not to get lost! 在空旷的野外，你最担心的不是避开旅游高峰，而是怕迷了路！ Happiness takes no account of time. Text1 Enjoy the Great Outdoors Few countries have such a varied and tempting outdoors as the USA. There is every kind of climate except tropical; Arctic in Alaska, Mediterranean in southern California, temperate in the northwest and northeast, subtropical in Florida, desert in Arizona and New Mexico. Death Valley, California, has the most consistently high summer temperature in the world It sometimes persists at 132°F. 很少有国家像美国那样具有各种各样诱人的户外活动。除热带气候外，各种气候都具备。阿拉斯加的极地气候，加利福尼州北部的地中海式气候，东北部和西北部的温带气候，佛罗里达州的亚热带气候，亚里桑那州和新墨西哥州的沙漠气候。加利福尼亚的死亡之谷，在夏季始终保持着全世界的最高温度，有时高达132华氏度。 As for the landscape, it is enormously varied and spectacular. In the west there are the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, with their snow-capped peaks, and in the east the wild, forest-covered Appalachians, whose highest summit is nearly 7000 feet. There is an abundance of waterfall, gentle rivers, lakes that are small and intimate or vast like the Great Lakes, Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world and the waves which break on its shores are like the waves of the sea. In winter and in spring, campers, are tempted by the clear skies and dazzling multi-colored rocks of Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico. Even the bleak splendor of Death Valley attracts many winter visitors. 至于山水，那可是多种多样，引人入胜，颇为壮观。西部有落基山脉和内华达山脉，那里白
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程(汉译英Unit1-15) Unit 1 B. 1. 她计划自己创业。 She plans to set up her own business 2. 态度也很重要。 Attitude also matters. 3. 她在客人们到达之前把所有家具都擦亮了. She had polished all the furniture before the gusts arrived. 4. 有些经理不知道如何与人打交道handle Some managers have no idea how to handle people. 5.我们完成那项工程的时间打破了记录(record) We finished the work in record time. 6. 她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。She likes everything to be in place before she starts working. 7. 她常常一天工作12小时。（put in） She often puts in 12 hours’ work a day. 8. 他是从报纸上得到这一信息的.（acquire） He acquired the information from the newspapers. 9. 我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺. ( Associate professor 副教授lecturer 讲师) There’s an opening for an assistant in our department. 10. 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊. The organization works to promote friendship between nations. Unit2 B. 1. 今晚她很可能给我打电话。（likely） She is very likely to ring me tonight. 2. 我看不懂这篇文章（beyond） Understanding this article is beyond my capacity. 3. 新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新（transform） A fresh coat of paint can transform a room. 4. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。（result in） Acting before thinking always results in failure. 5. 他估计那项工作需要三个月。（estimate） He estimated that the work would take three months. 6. 我们相信这个协议将会积极地促进两国之间的贸易。 We believe that this agreement will positively promote the trade between our two countries. 7. 新机场必将推动这个地区的旅行业。 The new airport will certainly push ahead the tourism in this region. 8. 网络经济将对人们的生活产生重要的影响。 Net economy will have significant influence on the people’s life. 9. 在昨天的会议上，他提出了一个新的经济发展计划。 At the yesterday’s meeting, he brought forward a new plan for the economic development.
与其他不少考研热门专业一样，英语专业研究生招生的研究方向设置非常细，不同学校的方向设置类别不一，名称也各异。 比如上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业下设有语言方向、文学方向、教学法方向、翻译学方向、口译学方向、英语国家文化方向、跨文化交际方向7个方向。而同样是外语类专业院校，北京外国语大学该专业设置的研究方向明显不同，广东外语外贸大学该专业设置的8个研究方向更与前两所学校无一相同。 在这种情况下，不少备考英语专业的同学对“如何选择研究方向”这样的问题一头雾水，也就不足为怪了。 就英语专业考研而言，外国语言文学下设置的二级学科很多，包括英语语言文学、俄语语言文学、法语语言文学、德语语言文学、日语语言文学、印度语言文学、阿拉伯语语言文学、欧洲语言文学、亚非语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学11个学科。其中，涉及英语专业的二级学科主要有3个：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学。 一般院校的英语专业多设置英语语言文学和外国语言学及应用语言学两个专业，所以，英语专业考研的专业设置其实比较简单，一般就是两大专业。不过，这两个专业被不同学校细化研究方向以后，就变得复杂了。如前面说到的上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业下设有7个方向，这7个方向进一步细分，小的研究方向达37个之多。 英语专业的研究方向虽名目众多，却也并非杂乱无章，其设置仍是遵循一定规律的。粗略分析，这些研究方向可分为传统研究方向和新兴研究方向两大类。 传统研究方向 传统研究方向，顾名思义，指的是设置多年的老牌研究方向，这些研究方向一般学校都有开设。 1. 文学方向 开设学校：全国绝大部分招收英语专业研究生的学校。据2007年的招生统计，仅有17所招收英语专业研究生的学校没有开设文学方向。 研究内容：主要研究英美文学研究领域中的重大问题，目的在于提高文学素养、理论水平和研究能力。 就业方向：此方向开设学校多，招生人数较多，就业范围非常广泛，一般为教师、研究人员。所学课程：西方文论、美国经典文学、美国现当代文学、英国经典文学、文学批评、英国文学选读、美国文学选读、17～19世纪英国文学研究、希腊戏剧研究、英国长篇小说选读、美国长篇小说选读、英国诗歌选读、美国诗歌选读、英美散文鉴赏、王尔德戏剧欣赏、英国短篇小说欣赏、美国短篇小说鉴赏、英美戏剧鉴赏、中国文学史、中国古典文学选读等。 2. 语言学 开设学校：全国绝大部分招收英语专业研究生的学校。据2007年的招生统计，仅有9所招收英语专业研究生的学校没有开设语言学方向。 研究内容：语言学是我国高校近年来普遍设置的一个综合性的语言研究学科。主要学习语言学理论及语言在各种学科中的应用，不同学校侧重点有所不同。 通过大量阅读有关文献、论文和最新的研究成果报告，使学生对于语言学的形成和发展有进一步的了解，并了解现代语言学的最新动向和最新发展。语言学特别强调和重视研究生的广泛阅读，包括专业的外语期刊和近几年的语言学相关论文。 就业方向：该专业理论性较强，主要面向大中专教师及研究人员。 所学课程：语言学概论、语用学与话语分析、应用语言学、现代语法学、语义学、语用学、英语语体学与文体学、语篇分析等。 3. 英美文化研究 开设学校：南京大学、上海外国语大学、天津师范大学等。
学科教学英语全日制教育硕士专业学位研究生
学科教学（英语)全日制教育硕士专业学位研究生 培养方案（2017年修订） 专业代码：(045108) 一、培养目标 培养高素质的基础教育学校和中等职业技术学校英语专任教师。具体要求为：1．热爱祖国，拥护中国共产党领导。热爱教育事业，教书育人，为人师表，积极进取，勇于创新。 2．掌握现代教育理论,具有良好的知识结构和扎实的专业基础，了解英语学科前沿和发展趋势。 3．具有较强的实践能力，胜任并创造性地开展教育教学工作。 4．具有发现和解决问题、终身学习与发展的意识与能力。 5．能较为熟练地运用一种外国语阅读本专业的外文文献资料。 二、招生对象 具有国民教育序列大学本科学历(或本科同等学力)人员。 三、学习年限 学习年限一般为2年。 四、课程设置 课程分为学位基础课、专业必修课、专业选修课和实践教学。总学分不少于38学分。 （一）学位基础课（12学分） 1.政治理论（含教师职业道德教育）（2学分） 2.教育原理（2学分） 3.课程与教学论（2学分） 4.汉语言文学基础（2学分） 5.心理发展与教育（2学分） 6.教育研究方法（2学分） （二）专业必修课（12学分）
1.英语课程与教材研究（2学分） 2.英语教学设计与实施（2学分） 3.外语教育心理学（2学分） 4.教育统计学（2学分） 5.英语教师行动研究与论文写作（2学分） 6.英语语音实践(2学分) （三）专业选修课（6学分） 1.专业理论知识类课程 （1）认知语言学与英语教学(2学分) （2）英语教师发展研究（2学分） （3）语用学与英语教学（2学分） （4）西方文化概况（2学分） （5）翻译理论与实践（2学分） （6）二语习得研究与英语教学(2学分) 2.教学专业技能类课程 （1）现代教育技术（2学分） （2）英语教师口语（2学分） （3）英语写作与教学（2学分） （4）英语阅读与教学（2学分） （5）语言测试学（2学分） （6）高级英语写作（2学分） 3.教育教学管理类课程 （1）英语教学专题研究（2学分） （2）教育政策与法规（1学分） （3）中外教育简史（2学分） （四）实践教学（8学分） 1.校内实训（2学分）：包括教学技能训练、微格教学、课例分析等。 校内实训阶段，安排在第2学期进行，校内4周。 每位研究生备课教案和课堂教学各不少于2节，听课不少于10学时，且应作好听
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程课后练习题1-4课 第一课 一、词形填空 1.They made regular visits to the park on the suburbs during the weekends. 2.She was prooted to division manager last year. 3.We tried to walk to the park but ended up taking a taxi there. 4.His handing if these important issues was highly praised. 5.Thomas bought a new hat to repluce the one he had lost. 6.The movie received generally favorable reviews. 7.Thank you for all the time and effort you have put in. 8.Make sure you’re home bu midnight . 9.He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot 10.The earthquake survivors are in desperate need of help. 二、词形转换 1、Open（n）—opening 2、persist（n）—persistence 3.succeed(n)----success 4.succeed(adj)---successful 5.important(n)----importance 6.promote(n)----promotion 7.depress(n)----depression 8.vlaue(adj)----valuable 9.loyal(n)----loyalty 10.favor(adj)---favorable 三、词换词 1. Obtain----aquire 2. Constant---loyal 3. Famous---noted 4. Frightened---startled 5.blame---responsibility 6. Worth doing---rewarding 7. Sincere----genuine 8.encountered---bumped into 9. Bought----purchased 10. At the end ----eventually 第二课 一、选择正确的词或词组填空 1.Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. 2.The competition among these companies at the printing market has become very intense in this city. 3.To date, We have not received any replies from them. 4.In this competitive world , it is better for any firm to gain technology superiority . 5.The organization works to promote friendship between nations. 6.It is reported that the Far East area is now on the verge of war again. 7.There is an obvious trend that young people like less formal clothing. 8.We should look at these events which happened two hundred years ago from their historical perspective. 9.The outstanding businessman agreed that the last decade was favorable for the emergence of new and promising enterprises in IT field. 10.The witness proved that the killer was a man of medium height. 二、词性转换 1.significance(adj.)-significant 2.connect(n.)-connection 3.transform(n.)-transformation
Unit 1 我的第一份工作 汽车清洁工 [1] 我从父母那儿获得了很强的工作道德观。他们俩都经历过大萧条时期，对不是按常规工作的人感到难以理解。我曾经告诉我妈妈，西尔堆斯特·史泰龙工作10周挣1200万美元，“那他在一年其余的日子里干什么呢?”她问。 [2] 我把父母的工作道德观带入了我在故乡马萨诸塞州安多佛镇附近的威尔明顿镇福特汽车专营店干的第一份工作。那时我16岁，学期当中我干活干到五、六点，暑假期间则每天干12个小时。我干的是汽车清洁小工的活儿，也就是清洗，抛光等事，并确保纸地板垫的位置合适。还有一项职责是在夜里将汽车轮毂盖取下来以免被偷，第二天再还回原处。这是一项很费劲的工作，因为我们有占大约7英亩地的汽车。 [3] 一天，我抱着一大捧毂盖转过一个角落，几乎与我们新任总经理撞了个满怀。我吓了一跳，结果把毂盖全掉在了地上。他当场就解雇了我。 [4] 我羞愧万分，不愿让父母知道这件事。大约有两周的时间，我每天都忙到晚上，然后我会回家说工作干得很愉快。
[5] 走投无路之下，我写了一封信给亨利·福特二世，告诉他所发生的事情。我说我们家是福特车的忠实用户，并说我长大成年后打算买一辆野马车。最后，汽车专卖店的店主给我打来了电话。“我不知道你在底特律认识谁，”他说，“但如果你还想要回你原来的工作的话，这工作就归你了。” [6] 后来在大学期间，我想在一家劳斯菜斯(罗尔斯—罗伊斯)的专营店干活，但店主说他们不缺人。即便如此，我还是开始在那儿清洗汽车。当店主注意到我时，我说我会一直干到他雇我。最后他真雇了我。 [7] 成功需要毅力。态度也很重要。我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活别人都赶不上。 出纳员 [1] 第一次与我祖母坐在她位于曼哈顿的药店的现金出纳机后时，我l0岁。不久之后，她就让我一个人坐在那儿。很快我就知道了礼貌对待顾客以及说“谢谢”的重要性。 [2] 起初我的报酬是糖果，后来我每小时得到50美分。每天放学后我都工作，暑假、周末和假期则从上午8点干到下午7点。我父亲帮我在银行立了一个账户。看着存款数增加比我当时本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。 [3] 祖母是一位严厉的监工，从不给我任何特殊照顾。她像鹰一样注视着我的一举一动，不过却放手让我应付象在午餐高峰时干活这样压力很大的场面。她的信任教会了我如何对待责任。
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程英译汉（Unit 1-10、13、14） Unit 1 1. Two noted Americans explain why it’s not what you earn-it’s what you learn. 两位美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所学的更重要。 2. I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I couldn’t be outworked. 我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。 3. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。 4. I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup ideas. 我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的点子。 5. I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics. 结果我创下了化妆品销售的最好成绩。 Unit 2 1. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the extremely fast speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. 只要用鼠标点击一下，在地球另一端的信息马上就会以每秒钟绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 2. Besides, if everyone shops on the Net , what will happen to the hundreds and thousands of shopping malls? 此外，如果大家都在网上购物，那么成千上万的购物中心该怎么办呢？ 3. The huge power of electronic commerce (e-commerce) will change the face of trade dramatically. 电子商务的惊人威力会使贸易的局面发生激动人心的巨变。 4. The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “electronic currency” . 电子商务的发展很可能会把世界带进一个“电子货币”的崭新时代。 5. As the Net pushes the economy ahead rapidly, the economy is also bringing the Net market forward , resulting in the Internet itself becoming the world’s largest emerging market. 在网络化高速地推动经济发展的同时，经济也反过来促进网络市场的发展，其结果是国际互联网本身将成为全球最大的新兴市场。 Unit 3 1. So, if you lose a key species, you might cause a whole flood of other extinctions. 所以，如果失去一个重要的物种，那也许会引起大量其他物种的绝迹。 2. Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against illegal hunting, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve and animals. 这种办法使当地人们可以为了经济上的原因而去保护动、植物，而不是依靠在很大程度上难以奏效的那些反非法偷 猎的规章制度。 3. With corruption popular in many developing countries, some observers are suspicious that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. 由于许多发展中国家普遍存在腐败，一些观察家对这些钱财实际上能否到达应该接受这笔财物的人们手中表示怀疑。 4. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. 森林的可持续管理既需要投资种植新树以取代被砍伐的树木，也需要对被砍伐树木的数量进行控制。 5. In theory, consumers would buy only this wood and so fo rce logging companies to go “green” or go out of business. 理论上讲，消费者只能购买这些获得认可的木材，这将迫使伐木公司开始保护“绿色”，否则将无生意可做。 Unit 4 1. The trend began in earnest in 1995, when the Queen of England admitted that the Maori people of New Zealand had been shamefully treated, when the country was a British colony. 这个潮流是从1995年才真正开始的。当时英国女王承认当新西兰还是英国的殖民地时，新西兰的土著毛利人曾遭
Unit1 从能力到责任 当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。 最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合? 毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难? 核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。 类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。像地方的区域规划，学校种族隔离制的废除，排水系统的问题，公共交通的治理，以及申请获得正在相互竞争的有线电视公司的许可证等这些曾经看起来只是一些地方性事务的事情，现在也需要专家采解决。这些专家的辩论充满着技术术语，常常使问题变得让人迷惑不解而不会使问题云开雾散，清晰明了。公共生活的复杂性，要求更多＼而非更少的信息资料；需要更积极＼而非越来越消极的公众的参与。 对于那些关心“民治政府”的人，公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接受的。当今世界，人类生存问题吉凶未卜，无知是不可取的。那些目光短浅的专家们制定措施时一手遮天，这也是不可容忍的。作为公民，我们只有找到更好的教育方法，只有提出更棘手的问题，并得到满意的答案，才能在关键的决策时刻承担风险，运用我们所学的知识做出重大决定，否则，我们只能基于盲目地相信一个或几个所谓的专家做出决策。 我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育关心他人的年轻人群策群力，本着共同的信念，团结在一起，相互学习，参与到社会民主的建设之中。 民主的社会需要关心民主社会的公众，需要他们成为善于发问的民主参与者，成为知道怎样提出恰如其份的问题的人，知道公共政策的决策形成过程，并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出敏锐的，有见地的判断。诚然，没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才，但我们深信，如果“民治政府’’要有生命力的话，大学相对子其他机构来说，更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的具有宏畴伟略的领导人。 为了完成这个迫切的使命，年轻人的目光不能仅仅停留在国内，还必须放眼世界。现在的学生不但要对本国的人民与文化了如指掌，而且也应该熟知本国以外的文明。人类的势力范围已涉及到太空，一切变得都很明了，我们都是同一个星球的守护者。在过去的半个世纪中，我们的地球变得越来越拥挤，相互依赖性越来越强，同时也更加变化莫测。如果学生只一味自以为是，不能更好地理解自己在芸芸众生中的地位，那么他们对生活的社会所应承担的责任的能力将慢慢被消磨殆尽，及至危险的境地。 世界或许还没有变成一个小村庄。但可以肯定的是，我们的邻里意识必须加以扩展。当旱灾席卷撒哈拉沙漠，当印度支那战争带来难民潮时，我们的同情心，我们富于分析的智慧都不再受缚于地图上的政治分界线。我们开始知道，饥荒和人权已如同武器＼条约一样，对人类团结起着决定性的影响。最令人担心的是，蘑菇云已在人类意识里投下了不祥的阴影。这些业已存在的事实及其带来的后果都必须让每个学生了解。
全日制教育硕士学科教学英语专业学位硕士研 究生培养 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】
全日制教育硕士（学科教学-英语）专业学位硕士研究生培养方案 （专业代码：045108） 一、培养目标 总体要求：将学生培养成为既具有扎实英语基本功，深厚的英语学科知识和教育教学理论，又具有教育实践能力、教育研究能力与专业发展能力，为我国基础教育服务的高素质的英语教师与未来教育家。 具体要求如下： 1.具有较高的思想素质、专业素质和人文素质，具有良好的公民道德意识和社会责任感，良好的心理素质、较强的适应能力以及善于合作的团队精神。善于吸收国外先进思想和文化，为祖国的基础教育事业服务。 2. 了解并掌握国内外最前沿的外语教育教学研究动态，具有前瞻性思维能力和国际化的视野。 3. 系统掌握英语学科的基础知识和基本技能，具有坚实的英语教学基础理论知识，具备用英语从事教学实践的能力。 4. 能够综合运用所学的理论知识和教育科学研究方法进行外语教学研究，具有发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。 二、学制与学分 基本学制为二年，总学分不低于37学分。 三、培养方式 在硕士生培养过程中，合理安排课程学习、论文工作和实践活动等各个环节。 1.英语学科教育硕士的培养，计划采用基于教学实践平台的一体化的培养模式。即实行全过程到中学的培养方式，采用“体验-理论提升-实践-反思”的教学方式，将实践体验和教学反思贯穿于教育硕士整个培养过程。
2. 实行大学和中学双导师制度，聘请优秀的中学英语教学名师为学生的教学实践指导教师，以师傅带徒弟的方式指导并训练学生的教学技能。大学导师参与学生的整个培养过程，侧重对学生教育思想、教学理论、教学反思和教学研究的指导。 3. 规范论文写作要求及评价标准，鼓励学生将教学体验和教学实践过程中发现的问题作为学位论文的选题，以调查研究或行动研究的方式进行实证研究。 4. 充分发挥文献阅读在夯实硕士生本学科基础知识和基本理论方面的作用，在确定硕士生录取名单后，尽早将其选择专业方向的必读经典文献目录发给录取的每位硕士生，提出阅读和考核要求，要求每位硕士生必须在开题报告之前做至少两次公开的读书报告，并上交两份书面文献阅读报告。 四、课程学习 1.课程设置 本培养方案设公共基础课（2学分）、教育理论课（6学分）、学科基础课（7学分）、学科教育课（8学分）、实践课（10学分）、选修课（4学分），课程总学分不低于37学分。 学科教学（英语）硕士研究生课程设置表
全日制教育硕士（学科教学-英语）专业学位硕士研究生培养方案 （专业代码：045108） 一、培养目标 总体要求：将学生培养成为既具有扎实英语基本功，深厚的英语学科知识和教育教学理论，又具有教育实践能力、教育研究能力与专业发展能力，为我国基础教育服务的高素质的英语教师与未来教育家。 具体要求如下： 1.具有较高的思想素质、专业素质和人文素质，具有良好的公民道德意识和社会责任感，良好的心理素质、较强的适应能力以及善于合作的团队精神。善于吸收国外先进思想和文化，为祖国的基础教育事业服务。 2. 了解并掌握国内外最前沿的外语教育教学研究动态，具有前瞻性思维能力和国际化的视野。 3. 系统掌握英语学科的基础知识和基本技能，具有坚实的英语教学基础理论知识，具备用英语从事教学实践的能力。 4. 能够综合运用所学的理论知识和教育科学研究方法进行外语教学研究，具有发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。 二、学制与学分 基本学制为二年，总学分不低于37学分。 三、培养方式
在硕士生培养过程中，合理安排课程学习、论文工作和实践活动等各个环节。 1. 英语学科教育硕士的培养，计划采用基于教学实践平台的一体化的培养模式。即实行全过程到中学的培养方式，采用“体验-理论提升-实践-反思”的教学方式，将实践体验和教学反思贯穿于教育硕士整个培养过程。 2. 实行大学和中学双导师制度，聘请优秀的中学英语教学名师为学生的教学实践指导教师，以师傅带徒弟的方式指导并训练学生的教学技能。大学导师参与学生的整个培养过程，侧重对学生教育思想、教学理论、教学反思和教学研究的指导。 3. 规范论文写作要求及评价标准，鼓励学生将教学体验和教学实践过程中发现的问题作为学位论文的选题，以调查研究或行动研究的方式进行实证研究。 4. 充分发挥文献阅读在夯实硕士生本学科基础知识和基本理论方面的作用，在确定硕士生录取名单后，尽早将其选择专业方向的必读经典文献目录发给录取的每位硕士生，提出阅读和考核要求，要求每位硕士生必须在开题报告之前做至少两次公开的读书报告，并上交两份书面文献阅读报告。 四、课程学习 1.课程设置 本培养方案设公共基础课（2学分）、教育理论课（6学分）、学科基础课（7学分）、学科教育课（8学分）、实践课（10学分）、选修课（4学分），课程总学分不低于37学分。 学科教学（英语）硕士研究生课程设置表
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程学生用书翻译部分unit-
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Unit 8 1、最近，我有一个朋友辞去了他公司里的那份工资高但要求也高的工作。（quit） One friend of mine has decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company rec ently. 2、她以烹饪美食为乐。(take delight (in) doing sth.) She takes delight (in) cooking lovely meals. 3、她要查寻是否给她预定了房间。(reserve for) She wanted to check if there was a room reserved for her. 4、当你打开立体图书，你肯定会打吃一惊。(be in for) When you open the pop-up book, you’re in for a big surprise. 5、他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。(interest) His two great interests in life are music and painting. 6、婚礼以后，我们就回到中国去，因为我们在那里工作，并且打算在那里生活。(wedding) After the wedding we’ll be returning to China, where we work and plan to live. 7、他们都饿了，因而感到饭菜喷香。(smell) They were all hungry and the food smelt good. 8、树越高，风越大。(the…the…) The higher the tree, the stronger the wind. 9、他的妻子开玩笑说跟他结婚的是他的工作。（marry）workaholic 工作狂 His wife joked that he was married to his work. 10、这本书还到图书馆时，缺了12页。(missing) When the book was returned to the library, it had 12 pages missing. (1)As I left in a big hurry, I forgot to bring the textbook with me. (2)If you can keep the room clean and tidy, we will let you use it. (3)She accepted the invitation even though she didn’t really want to attend the party. (4)So long as we don’t lose heart, we will be able to find the way to solve the problem. (5)I don’t know what decisions were made at the conference because our representative hasn’t reported to me yet. Unit 9 1. 很可能她把这事全忘了。(more likely than not) More likely than not, she’s forgotten all about it. 2. 这意味着我们实际上没有可能按时完成。(effectively) This means that effectively we have no chance of finishing it on time. 3. 他的第一部小说不算太好也不算太糟，就是一般水平 His first was not particularly good or bad, just average. 4. 谈到现代爵士乐，没几个人比汤姆知道得更多。 (when it comes to) When it comes to modern jazz, very few people know more than Tom. 5．这项研究的重要性在于它证实了A与B之间存在联系。(in that) The research is important in that it confirms the existence of a relationship between A and B. 6.尽管以前我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去。（regardless of） 7.We will persevere regardless of past failures. 7. 考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。（motivate） Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge. 8、成功的领导者是事先控制事件而不是事后才作出反应。（dominate） Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.
Unit 8 1、最近，我有一个朋友辞去了他公司里的那份工资高但要求也高的工作。（quit） One friend of mine has decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company rec ently. 2、她以烹饪美食为乐。(take delight (in) doing sth.) She takes delight (in) cooking lovely meals. 3、她要查寻是否给她预定了房间。(reserve for) She wanted to check if there was a room reserved for her. 4、当你打开立体图书，你肯定会打吃一惊。(be in for) When you open the pop-up book, you’re in for a big surprise. 5、他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。(interest) His two great interests in life are music and painting. 6、婚礼以后，我们就回到中国去，因为我们在那里工作，并且打算在那里生活。(wedding) After the wedding we’ll be returning to China, where we work and plan to live. 7、他们都饿了，因而感到饭菜喷香。(smell) They were all hungry and the food smelt good. 8、树越高，风越大。(the…the…) The higher the tree, the stronger the wind. 9、他的妻子开玩笑说跟他结婚的是他的工作。（marry）workaholic 工作狂 His wife joked that he was married to his work. 10、这本书还到图书馆时，缺了12页。(missing) When the book was returned to the library, it had 12 pages missing. (1)As I left in a big hurry, I forgot to bring the textbook with me. (2)If you can keep the room clean and tidy, we will let you use it. (3)She accepted the invitation even though she didn’t really want to attend the party. (4)So long as we don’t lose heart, we will be able to find the way to solve the problem. (5)I don’t know what decisions were made at the conference because our representative hasn’t reported to me yet. Unit 9 1. 很可能她把这事全忘了。(more likely than not) More likely than not, she’s forgotten all about it. 2. 这意味着我们实际上没有可能按时完成。(effectively) This means that effectively we have no chance of finishing it on time. 3. 他的第一部小说不算太好也不算太糟，就是一般水平 His first was not particularly good or bad, just average. 4. 谈到现代爵士乐，没几个人比汤姆知道得更多。 (when it comes to) When it comes to modern jazz, very few people know more than Tom. 5．这项研究的重要性在于它证实了A与B之间存在联系。(in that) The research is important in that it confirms the existence of a relationship between A and B. 6.尽管以前我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去。（regardless of） 7.We will persevere regardless of past failures. 7. 考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。（motivate） Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge. 8、成功的领导者是事先控制事件而不是事后才作出反应。（dominate） Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.