当前位置:文档之家› 英国概况 英格兰面积最大 苏格兰

英国概况 英格兰面积最大 苏格兰

英国概况 英格兰面积最大 苏格兰
英国概况 英格兰面积最大 苏格兰

英国概况英格兰面积最大苏格兰,爱丁堡为首府威尔士,加的夫,Cardiff为首府北爱尔兰,贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府伦敦,UK首都,皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。威斯敏斯特westminster,伦敦市的一个行政区,也叫西敏寺,这里有议会houses of parliament,包含大钟楼big ben,白厅whitehall即英国政府,白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫,还有st james’hall 圣詹姆斯宫。The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章,亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由,保障教会不受国王的控制,改革了法律和司法,限制国王及王室官员的行为。议会雏形,1265年,Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会,就是最早的议会,后来发展了House of Lords上议院,House of Commons下议院。玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革:Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎(duduo)打了玫瑰战争,都铎胜利,终成五代都铎王朝。亨利八世进行宗教改革,想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系,使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期,新教是Protestant,即基督教,改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期,伊丽莎白为女王统治英国,她是基督教徒,大力推行新教,从此英国都是信奉新教。文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance 文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期,从1350-1650,有300年,从意大利发起,达芬奇等人为代表。在这段时期,罗马教会经历新教改革,人文主义兴起,海外探索(大航海时代?)。英国内战The Civil Wars 是国王和议会间的战争,Norttingham King Charles和议会开战,国王军是Cavaliers(骑士),议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党),因为他们短发。查尔斯战败,克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命,因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度,甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度,被认为是世界现代史的开端。王朝复辟The Restoration 克伦威尔死后,儿子Richard 继位,但是统治失败,议会选择让上代国王流放法国的儿子King Charles 二世回归。光荣革命The Glorious Revolution 奥兰治王室(William of Orange橘子?英国的名字真搞笑),用一场不流血的政变夺了王室的权,William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)权利法案,英国“光荣革命”后巩固资产阶级与封建贵族联合专政、确立君主立宪政体的宪法性文件之一。君主立宪由此开始。辉格党和托利党(Whigs and Tories)两党名称来自光荣革命,辉格党就是后来的Liberal party,托利党是Conservative party 宪章运动Chartist Movement 由于对改革法案《Reform Act》和新贫困法《New Poor Law》的不满,工人组织了伦敦工人联盟London Working Men’s Association,起草了人民宪章《People’s Charter》,想让议会通过但是失败,宪章运动是第一次全国性的工人运动。工会和工党Trade Unions and Labor Party 工人意识到联合的重要性,于是工会出现,Grand National Consolidated Trade Union成立,是全国的大公会,后来Trade Union Congress 开始。殖民扩张Colonial Expansion 自1583年开始,英国在新大陆Newfoundland开始殖民统治,1900日不落帝国形成,“on which the sun never set”君主政体英国是君主立宪制constitutional monarchy, 元首head of state is king or queen。Head of the commonwealth 是女王,现在是伊丽莎白二世。议会组成House of lords 上议院house of commons 下议院下议院最有权力政党:工党Labor Party 和Conservative Party保守党,政党的领导人是总理Tony Blair是有史以来最年轻的工党领导人,总理。枢密院the Privy Council,是国家执行力机构,chief source of executive power in the state,可追溯到King’s Council 司法特点:no single legal system, no complete code,法律的来源包括:statutes法令,大量的common law,equity law衡平法,european community law。二战后英国经济的发展50s-60s稳定发展阶段,70s经济萧条,80s经济恢复:撒切尔夫人Mrs. Thatcher 当选总理,推行中期财政计划Medium-term Financial Strategy 国教established chruches:在英国church of england,在苏格兰church of scotland 非国教unestablished churches:英国圣公会anglican chruches,自由教free churches,天主教roman catholic

**** 美国概况国旗:13条状红白相间,代表original的13个州,50颗星,代表50个州1492年,哥伦布发现新大陆,Christopher Columbus. 独立战争the war of independence 1774年,第一届大陆国会continental congress在费城philadelphia召开,呼吁抵制英国货1775年,lexington(列克星敦)和concord(康科德)打仗独立战争开始。同年,第二届大陆会议在费城召开,乔治?华盛顿为领导人1776年,汤玛斯?杰佛逊起草独立宣言1783年,巴黎条约签署treaty of paris,英国承认美国独立。1812年战争,the war of 1812 美国和英国间的最后一场战争,对美国影响很深,人们意识到强大的政府的重要性,加强了统一感和爱国感美国内战the civil war 1861-1865,打了四年,北方胜利,北方为联邦军union army,南方为邦联军confederate army。林肯有名的葛底斯堡演说gettysburg address“that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”1865年,第13修正案终结了奴隶制。经济发展镀金时代gilded age,借自马克吐温的书名,指内战到20世纪初,工业发展亨利福特henry ford大规模生产汽车,莱特兄弟wright brothers设计第一架飞机升天,都在这个时候1920s的大萧条与新政the great depression and the new deal 1929年,大萧条开始,持续4年罗斯福新政,Franklin D Roosevelt, the new deal 美国与二战1941年,珍珠港被袭击,美国正式参战,核心国axis powers 北大西洋公约组织the founding of NATO 1949年,北大西洋条约签署,North Atlantic Treaty,任何对缔约国的攻击视为对所有缔约国的攻击。条约的生效标志着美国在苏联周围建立军事联盟的开端。苏联采取了类似的行动,建立了德国民主共和国set up the German Democratic Republic.至此,冷战全面开始。1950s民权运动the civil rights movement 罗莎?帕克Rosa Parks,一位黑人女性,阿拉巴马,她拒绝给白人让座,被捕。马丁路德金开始领导黑人抵制。1956年,最高法院宣布阿拉巴马州的segregation laws unconstitutional。越南战争the vietnam war1950-1975(打了25年,有够长的) 为了实施对共产主义的牵制政策,the policy of containment of communism,美国与越南战争,结果这是美国有史以来最长的战争。1973年美国和北越南north vietnam签署停火协议,cease-fire agreement。简单来说,越南当时像朝鲜般南北分裂,南方是社会主义的,北方是当时的统治阶级,南方想要解放全国,统一南北。美国横插一脚,支持北方,搞了25年,最终还是南方的社会主义胜利,统一了全国。西贡Saigon是原来的首都,后来改名为胡志明市Ho Chi Minh City。因为越南战争,美国国力下降,社会分歧,形象下降。水门事件(Watergate scandal,或译水门丑闻)是美国历史上最不光彩的政治丑闻之一,其对美国本国历史以及整个国际新闻界都有着长远的影响,在1972年的总统大选中,为了取得民主党内部竞选策略的情报,1972年6月17日,以美国共和党尼克松Nixon竞选班子的首席安全问题顾问詹姆斯?麦科德(James W. McCord, Jr.)为首的5人闯入位于华盛顿水门大厦的民主党全国委员会办公室,在安装窃听器并偷拍有关文件时,当场被捕。由于此事,尼克松于1974年8月8日宣布将于次日辞职,从而成为美国历史上首位辞职的总统。中美关系1972年,Nixon总统访华,签署上海公报Shanghai Communique。1979年,中美建交。美国宪法起草于1789年,世界上最早的成文宪法。共有7个articles。Articla I,the Legislative Article 立法只有国会有权立法,two-chamber system,包括senate参议院,house of representatives 众议院。参议院100人,每个州来两人,众议院基于每个州的人口比例设立席位。Article II,Executive Article执法总统任期4年Article III,Judicial Article 司法Supreme Court是国家的最高法院,以下是联邦法院federal court,最高法院和联邦法院的法官是总统任命,法官是终身职位。唯有最高法院有权解释宪法。三权分立checks and balances 立法,执法,司法三权分立,legislative,executive,judicial,国会可立法,总统可否决,国会可通过三分之二选票再次通过,总统不可否决,但最高法院可以判定它违反宪法而否决它。宪法修正案provisions for amendment 前十条宪法修正案称为bill of rights权利和自由法

* 加拿大概况首都:渥太华Ottawa, 最大省:魁北克Quebec 第一大城市:多伦多,2:蒙特利尔,3:温哥华,4:渥太华世界最大渔业出口国国家元首:伊丽莎白二世总督:履行女王职务governor general,实际政府领导人:总理prime minister 立法:议会立法parliament,议会由两部分组成senate(总督任命)和house of commons(根据人口),和美国类似,法律要两院通过,最后总督签字。政党:自由党liberal party和保守党progressive conservative party 澳大利亚概况:首都:堪培拉Canberra 第一大城:悉尼,2:墨尔本世界最大羊毛出口国国家元首:英女王,和加拿大一样有总督和总理,联邦制国家政党:工党(最大党)australian labour party和自由党liberal party,和英国不同,澳大利亚有成文宪法议会参照英国,上议院senate(the upper house)和下议院house of representatives(the lower house)新西兰概况首都:惠灵顿Wellington 第一大城:奥克兰Auckland 世界最大羔羊肉,羊肉和奶制品出口国,称为the world’s biggest farm 国家元首:英女王政体:议会制君主立宪制爱尔兰概况(注意不是北爱尔兰哦,不是英国的一部分呢)首都:都柏林dublin 国家元首:注意了是总统

英国国家概况及英国文化

英国国家概况及英国文化 、教育简介国名: 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland)国旗: 呈横长方形,长与宽之比为2∶1。 为“米”字旗,由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成。 旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治,白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁,红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。 此旗产生于1801年,是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成。 国徽: 即英王徽。 中心图案为一枚盾徽,盾面上左上角和右下角为红地上三只金狮,象征英格兰;右上角为金地上半站立的红狮,象征苏格兰;左下角为蓝地上金黄色竖琴,象征爱尔兰。 盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、代表英格兰的狮子和一只代表苏格兰的独角兽支扶着。 盾徽周围用法文写着一句格言,意为“恶有恶报”;下端悬挂着嘉德勋章,饰带上写着“天有上帝,我有权利”。 盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、帝国王冠和头戴王冠的狮子。

国歌: 《上帝保佑女王》杜摯猠癡?桴?畱敥屮(如在位的是男性君主,国歌改为杜摯猠癡?桴步湩屧)国花: 1 / 10 玫瑰花国鸟: 红胸鸽国石: 钻石科学节: 1831年开始,一年举办一次科学周: 1994年开始,在每年的3月举办自然地理: 24.41万平方公里(包括内陆水域),英格兰地区13.04万平方公里,苏格兰7.88万平方公里,威尔士2.08万平方公里,北爱尔兰1.41万平方公里。 位于欧洲西部的岛国。 由大不列颠岛(包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士)、爱尔兰岛东北部和周围一些小岛组成。 隔北海、多佛尔海峡、英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆相望。 它的陆界与爱尔兰共和国接壤。 海岸线总长11450公里。 全境分为四部分: 英格兰东南部平原、中西部山区、苏格兰山区、北爱尔兰高原和山区。主要河流有塞文河(354公里)和泰晤士河(346公里)。

英美文化概况之英国篇

英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 (一) 英国东邻北海,西、北面对大西洋,南面是英吉利海峡(the English Channel),与法国隔海相望。 地理上,这里被称为“不列颠群岛”(British Isles),由大不列颠岛(Great Britain)和爱尔兰岛(Ireland)这两大岛屿,以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士(England,Scotland and Wales)三个区域,而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国(Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland)两块。 政治上,大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国(the United Kingdom),而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国,则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦(London);而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林(Dublin)。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域,其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多,总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”(English)指代“不列颠人”(British),这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人(Scots and Welsh)的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地,其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后,随着不列颠国力衰退,各殖民地纷纷独立,不列颠帝国(the British Empire)在1931年起被英联邦所取代。

英联邦(the Commonwealth of Nations)是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权;各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作;各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 (二) 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原;而东部和东南部则主要是低地,他们是整个欧洲平原(the Great European Plain)的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地,那里地势平缓,多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区,土地肥沃,适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿,它拥有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰(Ben Nevis)便座落于此,高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区,6%的土地被森林覆盖,大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸,曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地,东南部为山区,而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家,四面环海,它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡(Straits of Dover),仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车,使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体,被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河(the Severn)是英国第一大河流,长338公里,它同西

苏格兰法律的由来与发展

苏格兰法律的由来与发展 世界上有两种Legal System,一种是Continental 或者称作Civilian,这个System是基于Roman Law,普及在欧洲国家。另外一种System是Anglo-American System,这个System基于英国的Common Law,这种法律System的运作框架正和这个Legal System 的名字一样;普及在英格兰,美国以及以前的大英帝国殖民地,例如加拿大和澳洲。 苏格兰的Legal System 是基于上述两种Legal System 的一个混合Legal System。 It is said to have more empathy with the civilian systems of law in many respects. However, there is no doubt that the strongest influence for several centuries has been the law of England. Nevertheless, the Scots system retains significant elements of difference which have been protected by the Act of Union 1707 and jealously guarded by the courts since that time. 从1603年到1707年,苏格兰和英格兰有着自己分明的两个不同的最高统治者,共同分享最高统治阶级的权利。两个国家都拥有他们自己的国会,幷且,各个独立的国会也撰有不同的法律。在1707年,英格兰和苏格兰国会同意在签订条约下合二为一;苏格兰国会与英格兰国会相互承认交换生效法律文书,旧有的两个国会被废除,新成立的国会落座在英格兰伦敦成为 Great Britain 的一个全新的国会。Although this meant that there was now only one Law-making body between the two countries, it did not mean that Scots Law was abolished, since the Treaty, and then the Acts of Union, preserved the status of Scots Law and the Legal System. So, what was the important about this Legal System that was preserved by the Treaty? As noted above, it was a mixed system of law, derived from various historical influences. One of the main influences was of cause that of English Law, particularly before 1296, when Norman noblemen and clergy settled in Lowland Scotland bringing their feudal system of land tenure and justice. Another great influence at this time was the Church of Rome and its canon law. It is thought that canon law introduced elements of established. The idea of the king as ' fountain of justice ' helped to establish a more uniform system of law; cases were commenced by the issue of a writ or ' brieve ' in the king's name. This brieve would require an official to carry out an action or investigation. 从1296 至1603,苏格兰与英格兰不断的爆发战争,苏格兰与法国结为盟国,thus encouraging influence from the Continent. Regular meetings of Parliament were held with the burgesses from the burghs participating in the Parliament; the levying of taxation was made with their agreement. At first, however, the Parliament's main role was a court of first instance and for appeals. It was not until the reign of James I (1406-37) that Parliament became primarily a legislature. 在 15世纪和 16世纪,相当数量的法令的条令生效,影响了接下来的之后的数个世纪。

英国部分英美概况汇总题库

The United Kingdom I. Multiple Choice 1. The was “the greatest progressive revolution that mankind had so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giants—giants in power of thought, passion, and character, in universality and learning”(Engels). a. Renaissance b. Industrial Revolution c. Reformation d. Bourgeois Revolution 2. is regarded as the first English Prime Minster. a.D uke of Willington b.William Gladstone c.Benjamin Disraeli d.Sir Robert Walpole 3. The official head of Parliament is . a. the Prime Minister b. the Monarch c. the Speaker d. the Chancellor 4. The present sovereign of Britain is . a. Elizabeth I b. Elizabeth II

c. Elizabeth III d. Edward II 5. is a day to commemorate the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. a. Christmas b. Good Friday c. Easter Monday d. Boxing Day 6. published his book On the Origin of Species which caused a stir in Victorian times. a. Adam Smith b. Charles Darwin c. Thomas More d. Francis Bacon 7. The largest section of Great Britain is . a. Scotland b. Wales c. England d. Northern Ireland 8. The Lake District is well known for . a. its wild and beautiful scenery b. its varied lakes c. the Lake Poets

英国概况 英格兰面积最大 苏格兰

英国概况英格兰面积最大苏格兰,爱丁堡为首府威尔士,加的夫,Cardiff为首府北爱尔兰,贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府伦敦,UK首都,皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。威斯敏斯特westminster,伦敦市的一个行政区,也叫西敏寺,这里有议会houses of parliament,包含大钟楼big ben,白厅whitehall即英国政府,白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫,还有st james’hall 圣詹姆斯宫。The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章,亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由,保障教会不受国王的控制,改革了法律和司法,限制国王及王室官员的行为。议会雏形,1265年,Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会,就是最早的议会,后来发展了House of Lords上议院,House of Commons下议院。玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革:Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎(duduo)打了玫瑰战争,都铎胜利,终成五代都铎王朝。亨利八世进行宗教改革,想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系,使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期,新教是Protestant,即基督教,改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期,伊丽莎白为女王统治英国,她是基督教徒,大力推行新教,从此英国都是信奉新教。文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance 文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期,从1350-1650,有300年,从意大利发起,达芬奇等人为代表。在这段时期,罗马教会经历新教改革,人文主义兴起,海外探索(大航海时代?)。英国内战The Civil Wars 是国王和议会间的战争,Norttingham King Charles和议会开战,国王军是Cavaliers(骑士),议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党),因为他们短发。查尔斯战败,克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命,因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度,甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度,被认为是世界现代史的开端。王朝复辟The Restoration 克伦威尔死后,儿子Richard 继位,但是统治失败,议会选择让上代国王流放法国的儿子King Charles 二世回归。光荣革命The Glorious Revolution 奥兰治王室(William of Orange橘子?英国的名字真搞笑),用一场不流血的政变夺了王室的权,William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)权利法案,英国“光荣革命”后巩固资产阶级与封建贵族联合专政、确立君主立宪政体的宪法性文件之一。君主立宪由此开始。辉格党和托利党(Whigs and Tories)两党名称来自光荣革命,辉格党就是后来的Liberal party,托利党是Conservative party 宪章运动Chartist Movement 由于对改革法案《Reform Act》和新贫困法《New Poor Law》的不满,工人组织了伦敦工人联盟London Working Men’s Association,起草了人民宪章《People’s Charter》,想让议会通过但是失败,宪章运动是第一次全国性的工人运动。工会和工党Trade Unions and Labor Party 工人意识到联合的重要性,于是工会出现,Grand National Consolidated Trade Union成立,是全国的大公会,后来Trade Union Congress 开始。殖民扩张Colonial Expansion 自1583年开始,英国在新大陆Newfoundland开始殖民统治,1900日不落帝国形成,“on which the sun never set”君主政体英国是君主立宪制constitutional monarchy, 元首head of state is king or queen。Head of the commonwealth 是女王,现在是伊丽莎白二世。议会组成House of lords 上议院house of commons 下议院下议院最有权力政党:工党Labor Party 和Conservative Party保守党,政党的领导人是总理Tony Blair是有史以来最年轻的工党领导人,总理。枢密院the Privy Council,是国家执行力机构,chief source of executive power in the state,可追溯到King’s Council 司法特点:no single legal system, no complete code,法律的来源包括:statutes法令,大量的common law,equity law衡平法,european community law。二战后英国经济的发展50s-60s稳定发展阶段,70s经济萧条,80s经济恢复:撒切尔夫人Mrs. Thatcher 当选总理,推行中期财政计划Medium-term Financial Strategy 国教established chruches:在英国church of england,在苏格兰church of scotland 非国教unestablished churches:英国圣公会anglican chruches,自由教free churches,天主教roman catholic

英美概况考试试题集

英语专业考研英美概况自测题(一) British Survey Test Part I Geography 1. The total area of the U.K. is _____. A. 211,440 B. 244,110 C. 241,410 D. 242,534 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland 4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England 5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 7. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces. A. 13 B. 12 C. 14 8. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. A. north to south B. south to north C. east to west 10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England. A. Scotland B. Wales C. Vale of Eden 11. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. Severn B. Clyde C. Bann 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey 13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales 14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short. A. North Sea B. English Channel C. Dee estuary 15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____. A. Scotland B. Wales C. England 16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____. A. Cotswolds B. Oxford Clay C. Pennines 17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources. A. 50% B. 38% C. 42% 18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____. A. Scotland B. England C. Northern Ireland 19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____. A. 1964 B. 1946 C. 1694

英美概况考试重点复习材料(英国部分)

英美概况考试重点复习材料(英国部分) 英美概况考试重点复习材料(英国部分) Chapter 1第一章 Land and People 英国的国土与人民 I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛(较大的一个)和爱尔兰岛,及成千上万个小岛组成。 4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地及南部山陵。首府:爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府:加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府:贝尔法斯特。 5. The monwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has about 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931 年,至1990年止已有约50个成员国。 Chapter 2 第二章 The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066)英国的起源(公元前5000年—1066年)

英美文化 (英国部分答案)

(判断题) Chapter 1 1. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F) 2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T) 3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F) 4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F) 5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F) 6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T) 7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T) 8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F) Chapter 2 1. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T) 2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T) 3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F) 4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T) 5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F) 7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F) 8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T) Chapter 3 1. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T) 2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F) 3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F) 4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F) 5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F) 6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T) 7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F) 8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T) Chapter 4 1. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T) 2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T) 3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)

英美文化概况作业

英美文化概况作业 1、what are the differences in political system between the UK and the USA? Ex:课件 2、what is the role of the Monarch in the UK? Ex:课件女王 3、how do you comment on the British education system? Ex:与中国教育进行对比阐述。课本。 4、what do you think of the open University in British? Ex:英国教育起源招生宗旨培养目标 5、how do you comment on the American ? ex:最后一天讲的,找一个点进行对比。 6、how does novel develop in British literature? Ex: 书本上,稍微动脑筋课件上总结 7、what is the significance of American Puritanism in American literature? Ex:美国文学倾教思想如何在教育中体现的?可以以霍森的小说为例解释、 8、why is that theatrical creations have been on integral part of english的 culture for centuries? Ex:课本上。课件里没有 9、summarize the history development of british music? Ex:课本目录。 10、what innovations have the 20th century artist in the United States made in the field of arts? Ex:课本上的。 11、do the Americans share the same weddings traditions with the British people? Ex、课本上的。

苏格兰与英格兰

很多足球迷都想过一个问题,全世界参加世界杯的国家队,为什么英国却派出英格兰、苏格兰、北爱尔兰、威尔士四支球队出征?不少人想到的是,英国是现代足球的发源地,看在鼻祖的份上。但这个答案不对,之所以四支球队参加世界杯,因为他们都是国际足联独立的组织成员。除了英国,能派出四支球队的还有中国。 从这个小例子可以看出,在英国的政治格局中,苏格兰等享有很大的自治权力,实际上在苏格兰,除了外交、军事和税收等极少的领域,其他事务都是苏格兰自己说了算,苏格兰议会甚至拥有立法权。 这还不够,随着“独派”民族党上台执政,苏格兰独立的声音越来越大。也许小时候读英雄华莱士的故事太多了,现任民族党领袖萨蒙德一直有独立之梦,他已经为这个梦奋斗了半辈子。2011年1月,萨蒙德宣称要推动2014年全民公决,让苏格兰彻底独立。此言一出,在英国全境激起轩然大波,英格兰、苏格兰已经有304年的合并史,未来却可能分家过日子,大英帝国也许就此解体。这怎么看都是一件大事。 这不是苏格兰第一次闹独立了,1977年民族党上台之时,就推动了一次全民公决,不过苏格兰民众投了反对票。而这样的分离主义,更是从一战、二战以来就开始了,到近年正式成了气候。 很多人以为,苏格兰、英格兰都是亲兄弟,不存在民族差异,闹独立只能满足政客们的欲望,从地方长官变成一国首相。但了解过苏格兰的历史才发现,这种认识错得离谱,他们不是亲兄弟,历史上并非一个国家,而且千年来战事连绵不断,苏格兰一直处在英格兰的入侵阴影之下。 苏格兰人是不列颠岛原住民 不列颠岛有人类居住的痕迹要追溯到万年以前。到公元前2000年左右,在岛上活动的是凯尔特人。在古代记载中,凯尔特人被描述为“身材魁伟、长颅白肌、金发碧眼的壮汉”,打起仗来不要命。苏格兰人就是凯尔特人的后裔,与爱尔兰人、威尔士人同一个祖先。 英格兰人出现就要晚得多,约公元前55年,恺撒率领罗马军团征服了不列颠,统治四百年之后主动撤了,以后再没回来,只留下了基督教在岛上薪火相传。 罗马人撤退以后,公元5世纪左右,英格兰人的祖先--盎格鲁-萨克逊人从欧洲大陆来到不列颠,他们属于日耳曼人的一支,野蛮好斗,逐渐把凯尔特人赶到不列颠岛西南和西北的山区。所以,苏格兰人和英格兰人并不是同一个民族,苏格兰人是原住民,英格兰人是外来户。 公元九世纪左右,一位部落首领统一了苏格兰各部,成立苏格兰王国,国王叫肯尼斯一世。莎士比亚写的四大悲剧之一《麦克白》,讲的即是这段时期王国统治者争夺权力的故事。 第一个征服苏格兰王国的是威廉。1066年,生于诺曼底的公爵威廉攻入英格兰,英格兰王携家眷贵族逃入苏格兰,并将自己妹妹嫁给苏格兰国王,以寻求庇护。威廉一怒又攻入苏格兰,苏格兰国王投降。在这段时期,英格兰王室和贵族由于逃难,和苏格兰王室开始结

英国国家概况(八)(中英文版)

英国国家概况(八)(中英文版) 第八章 Justice and the law 法律与司法机构 There is no single legal system in the United Kingdom. A feature common to all systems of law in the United Kingdom is that there is no complete code. The sources of law include (1) statutes; (2) a large amount of "unwritten" or common law; (3) equity law; (4) European Community. Another common feature is the distinction made between criminal law and civil law. 联合王国不实行完全统一的法律制度。联合王国所有法律制度的一个共同特点是没有以部完整的法典。法典来源包括:(1)成文法;(2)大量的"不成文法" 或习惯法;(3)衡平法;(4)欧共体法。另一个共同的特点是刑法和民法之间的区别。 I.Criminal Proceedings 刑事诉讼程序 1. In England and Wales, once the police have charged a person with a criminal offence, the crown Prosecution Service assumes control of the case reviews the evidence to decide whether to prosecute. 在英格兰和威尔士,一旦警察指控某人犯有刑事罪,皇家检察总署就要接管此案,并独立地审核证据以决定是否起诉。 2. In Britain all criminal trial are held in open count because the criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt. The prosecution and the defense get equal treatment. No accused person has to answer the question of the police before trial. He is not compelled to give evidence in count. Every accused person has the right to employ a legal adviser to conduct his defense. If he can not afford to pay, he may be granted aid at public expense. In criminal trial by jury, the judge passes sentence, but the jury decided the issue of guilt or innocence. The jury composed of 12 or ordinary people. If the verdict of the jury can not be unanimous, it must be a majority. 在英国,所有的刑事审判都在法院公开进行。因为刑法认为,在消除合理怀疑证明被告有罪之前,他是无辜的。原告与被告同样平等,审判时被告不必回答警察

英美文化英国历史资料整理

1. The Norman Conquest of England (1066) The Medieval 1.Reasons for William’s invasion of England after Edward’s death. It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England 2.The Norman Conquest and its consequences The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated(查抄,充公) almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced. The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts. 3.The English is a mixture of nationalities of different origins. The ancestors of many English people were the ancient Angles and Saxons. Some English people are of the Norman-French origin. 2.名词解释: The crusades It's a religous war. Pope urban Ⅱlaunched the crusades in 1095,He issued a call for a "Holy War" to gain control over the Holyland of the middle East.It includes social and political factors.That was the battle cry of the thousands of Christians who joined crusades to free the Holy Land from the Muslims. From 1096 to 1270 there were eight major crusades and two children's crusades, both in the year 1212. Only the First and Third Crusades were successful. In the long history of the Crusades, thousands of knights, soldiers, merchants, and peasants lost their lives on the march or in battle. Richard lion-heart T he crown of England passed from Henry II to his 32-year-old son Richard, a.k.a. Lion Heart. Ri chard I had spent six months of his ten-year-reign abroad.His courage and military(军事的) talent, even before he became king, was famous, earning him the nickname of Coeur de Lion (Lion's heart). By the young age of 16 he was already commanding troops in France, putting down rebellions(叛乱), and he led the Third Crusade. Meet one's waterloo: used to describe someone who has been defeated badly 3.The Hundred Years war The main reason for this war ? Disputes about the territories and throne between England and France were

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档