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初一英语上册期中复习知识点整理

初一英语上册期中复习知识点整理
初一英语上册期中复习知识点整理

初一英语期中考试复习知识点

一、be动词(am,is,are)的用法

我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。

二、that,this和it的用法

(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。

(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:

This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)

That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)

(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。如:

This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。

(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如:

This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。

(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如:

This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。

(6)打电话时介绍自己用this,询问对方用that,如:

—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗?

—Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是谁?

注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?

(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如:

①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?

—Yes, it is. 是的,它是。

②—What’s that? 那是什么?

—It’s a kite. 是只风筝。

these和those用法

this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。

①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。

③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?

在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:

④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?

Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。

三、主格,宾格,形容词性、名词性物主代词:

英语的人称代词按用法分为主格、宾格、形容词形物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词。主格用于动词前,宾格用于动词后。形容词性物主代词放在名词前面,名词性物主代词:本身是名词性,所以后面不能再跟名词,否则就犯了重复的错误。

人称代词、物主代词、反身代词表

人称代词物主代词

反身代词主格宾格形容词型名词型

I me my mine myself

you you your yours yourself

he him his his himself

she her her hers herself

it it its its itself

we us our ours ourselves

you you your yours yourselves

they them their theirs themselves

四、一般现在时

1、一般现在时功能

(1)表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

(2)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

(3)表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

标志词(时间状语):always, every week (day, year, month…), once a week,sometimes, usually often, never,hardly..........

2、一般现在时的构成

(1) be动词:

肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.

否定句:主语+ be + not +其它. 如: He is not a worker.

一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它?如:-Are you a student?

-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? 如:Where is my bike?

(2) 行为动词:

肯定句:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.

(当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es",如:Mary likes Chinese.)否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)

如:I don't like bread. He doesn't often play.

(当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句)

一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它?

如: - Do you often play football?

- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

(当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句)如:- Does she go to work by bike?

- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 一般疑问句?如: How does your father go to work?

哪些主语是第三人称单数? 现归纳总结如下:

He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。

he has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。

It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。

2、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如:

①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。

②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。

③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。

3、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:

①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。

②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。

③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。

④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。

4、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:

①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。

②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。

③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。

④That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。

①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。

②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。

6、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如:

①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。

②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。

五、名词单数变复数

名词单数变复数口诀

(一) 规则变化

名词单数变复数,直接加 -s 占多数;

s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾,直接加上 -es;

词尾是 f 或 fe,加 -s 之前先变 ve;

辅母 + y 在词尾,把 y 变 i 再加 -es;

词尾字母若是 o,常用三个已足够,

要加 -es 请记好,hero, tomato, potato。

(二) 不规则变化

男人女人 a 变 e,鹅足牙 oo 变 ee;

老鼠虱婆也好记,ous 变 ic;

孩子加上 ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用变。

【解说】1. 英语名词有单数和复数的区别,单数表示“一”,复数表示“多于一。”名词由单数变复数,多数是规则的变,直接加 -s,例如: book → books, girl → girls。但以 -s, -z, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词,变成复数时加 -es, 例如: bus → buses, buzz → buzzes, box →boxes, watch → watches, brush → brushes

2. -f(e) 结尾的名词单数变复数歌诀:①树叶半数自已黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,架后窜出一只狼,就像强盗逃命忙。②妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌,躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮

目光。例如:leaf (树叶,叶子),half (一半),self (自已),wife (妻子),knife (刀子),shelf (架子),wolf (狼), thief (窃贼,强盗) 和 life (生命),这些名词变成复数时,都要改 -f (e) 为 v,再加 -es。

3. -f 结尾的名词直接加 -s 变复数歌诀:海湾边、屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;谁说他们无

信仰,证据写在手帕上。例如: gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief,这

些名词变复数直接加 -s。注:scarf(围巾;披风) 可以先改 f 为 ve 再加-s,也可直接加 -s。

4.辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词,把 y 变 i 加 -es。例如: baby → babies, country →countries, family → families;而 -y 前是元音时,-y 不变,直接加 -s。例如:day → days, boy → boys

5. 以 -o 结尾的名词变复数时,多数直接加 -s。例如: radio → radios, piano → pianos, kangaroo → kangaroos;有的须加 -es,中学课本中有几个这样的单词,可以通过一句口诀来记忆:黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。即Negro → Negroes, hero → heroes, tomato → tomatoes, potato → potatoes;有的以 o 结尾的名词既可加 -s 也可加 -es。例如:volcano (火山) →volcanos / volcanoes 等。

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