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考研英语（二）长难句讲解lennials wanted more flexibility in their lives, "notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of Youthsight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth.【翻译】青春视野是一家位于英国的品牌公司，它定期对英国青年进行了60天的调查。
其副总监（联合董事）Tanya Michelsen在同样可能适用于美国青年的研究发现中指出，“千禧一代希望在生活中有更大的灵活性。
”2.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”，even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.【翻译】限制高污染汽车驶入某些地区，——如市中心、学区街道等，甚至是个别道路，这一限制措施是因为我们没有付出更大努力来严格执行现有法规和要求汽车公司生产合格车辆。
3.Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork，city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included.【翻译】马德里（西班牙政府）在治理空气问题上的反复不定，明确提醒人们整个欧洲（在很大程度上也包括英国）为努力治理空气污染所采取的逐个城市拼凑的方式是有其局限性的。
高考真题长难句荟萃1长难句1：To be narrower than a piece of A4 you need to have roughly a 25-inch waist or less, which is much thinner than the 35-inch average American waist, practically impossible for most human beings.译文：为了让你的腰比一张A4纸还要窄，你需要大约25英寸的腰围，甚至更小。
这比一般美国人35英寸的腰围小多了，对大多数人几乎是不可能的。
分析：这个句子虽然很长，但结构还是很清晰的。
To be narrower ... 在句首作目的状语，主句为you need to ... less，which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a 25-inch waist or less。
点拨：roughly：大致地；aboutpractically：几乎；差不多长难句2：Reviewers have severely criticized the strange trend for pressuring women to try to reach an unachievable goal.译文：评论家们严厉批评了这种奇怪的趋势，在这种趋势下，女性会迫于压力，努力去达到一个根本不可能实现的目标。
分析：本句的结构比较简单，主干为sb criticize sb / sth for ...点拨：pressure：[熟词生义]迫使(同义替换force，帮助理解pressure)长难句3：The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.译文：一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，并不意味着他们没有这些情感。
41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately,a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. [参考译⽂]很不幸，这最令⼈震惊的解释有⼀点缺陷。
⼀些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有⼒的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧的经济模式。
42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprivedEgypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.[参考译⽂]例如，阿斯旺⼤坝使得尼罗河不再洪⽔泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有的洪⽔留下的肥沃淤泥--这些换宋的就是这么个疾病滋⽣的⽔库，现在这个⽔库积满了淤泥，⼏乎不能发电了。
43. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering anddownsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training,[参考译⽂]企业重组的新⽅法--所有那些重新设计、缩⼩规模的做法--只是对⼀个经济的整体⽣产⼒做出了⼀⽅⾯的贡献。
高考真题长难句荟萃20长难句1：A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.译文：掌握如何在自己的空间里合理利用颜色是打造你心仪住所的关键步骤之一。
分析：you’ll love to live in是定语从句，修饰先行词room，省略了关系代词that / which。
点拨：a grasp of 对……的把握/掌握长难句2：... color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.译文：……颜色是让房间成为你想要的那种感觉的关键。
分析：you want it to feel是定语从句，修饰先行词way，省略了关系词that。
长难句3：They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends.译文：起初，他们只是一个小有成就的乐队，到年底则成为了演艺界的传奇。
分析：注意句中began as和ended as，以及a modestly successful musician group 和show business legends的反义关系。
点拨：modestly successful 小有成就show business 演艺界长难句4：Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.译文：多亏了披头士乐队，许多新面孔有机会出现在音乐界。
点拨：new face 新面孔长难句5：UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying（联合）voice across cultures.译文：最近，联合国教科文组织把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日，以增强人们对爵士乐及其重要性，以及它成为一种跨文化音乐形式的潜力的认识。
一、根据要求翻译或完成句子：
1.我的母亲，我生命中最重要的人，，一直坚信我终有一天会取得成功的。
（同位语；定语从句）
2.随着微信的快速发展，越来越多的人讲它用于学习，从中他们既可以获得一些技能也可丰富他们的生活。
（with复合结构；as引导的状语从句）
3.沿着小路走着，我们感到非常的惬意，伴随着太阳灿烂地照耀着，伴随着威风轻轻地吹着，伴随着美丽的花儿对我们微笑着，伴随着鸟儿在树上唱着甜美的歌。
4.你不但要和它们分享你的学习经验，而且一定要和他们敞开心扉。
（倒装句）
5.他又迟到了，让老师很生气。
（doing作主语；独立主格结构）
6.正是在他工作的那家工厂里我开始认识了他。
(强调句)
7.我们跟随的这个人突然停下来，好像是要弄明白是否走对了方向。
8.这是她一生中品尝过的最好吃的东西。
（Never开头的倒装句）
9.我听腻了室友老是自我怜悯，说要得到好分数是多么的难。
10.当我走在乡间的田野边上，童年的记忆如同潮水般涌现。
1、Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.难词：nurse护士recognize认识到、辨别personal个体construction构造、解释silence沉默interrupted被打扰unnecessarily不必要地语法分析：Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a 主语谓语宾语目的状语从句patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.主语谓语状语谓语宾语本句是由主句Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence以及“so that”引导的目的状语从句构成；目的状语从句中谓语动词采取被动语态形式，or前后连接两个并列的谓语动词。
参考译文：护士们应该辨别出个体沉默和文化所致沉默的不同，才能不过早地打断或者纵容一个病人的沉默。
2、Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.难词：states国家、州allow允许exemption豁免sign签字object to反对语法分析：Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper主语谓语宾语宾语补足语时间状语方式状语saying they personally object to a vaccine.现在分词作伴随性状语本句中主语是seventeen states；谓语动词是allow；宾语是parents；to get an exemption是宾语补足语；by signing a paper是本句的方式状语；saying they personally object to a vaccine是现在分词作后置定语，修饰paper特殊难点：本句谓语动词用法是“allow sb. to do sth.”。
晚安长难句day21.He spoke on behalf of all the membersof the faculty and staff.2.The first textbooks written for teaching came outin the 16th century.3.The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his mind.4.In most industrialized countriesover the past few yearsthe fastest growth hasbeen seen in the areaof services.5.The length of timethe process takeswill affect the size of the group.6.As we know, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to warm. The bestestimates arethat the temperatures will riseby 2-3℃in this century, causingconsiderable problems, at a total cost of US$ 5,000 billion.7.Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the quantity of freshwaterconsumedper persondoubled on average; in the USA, water withdrawals increased tenfold while the population quadrupled.8.Taking full advantage of this rich resource, Alaska's commercial fisheries havedeveloped into some of the largest in the world.9.There are biologists throughout the state constantly monitoring adult fishas theyshow up to spawn.10.As towns gradually expanded, water was brought from increasingly remotesources, leading to sophisticated engineering efforts such as dams and aqueducts.11.At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovativelayoutof pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome withenough water.12.This phenomenon can be partly attributed to the common counterproductiveapproach to study making extreme efforts to memorise, tensing muscles, inducing fatigue, but it also simply reflects the way the brain functions.13.Lozanov acknowledges that the ritual surrounding suggestion in his own system isalso a placebo, but maintains that without such a placebo people are unable or afraid to tap the reserve capacity of their brains. Like any placebo, it must bedispensed with authority to be effective.。
高考英语长难句分析2--能力提升140分以上Successive government have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.词汇补充successive /səkˈsɛsɪv/ adj. following one after the other in a series, without interruption. 连续的，接连的。
如例句: The team won three successiv e championships.该团队连续赢得了三次冠军。
以下是我们考试中常见的同义词，这组词都有“连续的”的意思，其区别是： continuous 语意最强，强调在时间和空间上没有间断。
constant多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续。
continual强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断。
persistent普通用词，可指不懈的努力，也可指任何连续不断或重复出现的事物。
successive 强调事物一个接一个地发生，无间断。
permit /pəˈmɪt/ v. to give permission or allow something to happen. 允许，准许。
如例句:They permitted us to use the facilities.他们允许我们使用这些设施。
我们考试中常用短语搭配有:permit someone to do something 允许某人做某事；用于表示合法或正式允许某人或某事的情形。
如例句: The university permits students to access the library resources remotely to facilitate their research work.大学允许学生远程访问图书馆资源，以方便他们的研究工作。
30. Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. （5）可能这样一个事实，那就是很多这样的最初的研究只是考虑了那些能够用网捞起来的大小的水藻，这样一个忽视了更小的浮游生物（而这些浮游生物我们现在知道是捕食者主要的食物）的做法，导致了在接下来的研究中对于捕食者的作用的贬低。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语解释：句子的结构繁杂。
句子的主语令人吃惊地长，在最后一个逗号后的led以前，全是主语！其实句子的主干简单，就是the fact led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers。
但是本句的主语the fact后面的修饰成分长得吓人，先是个定语从句；定语从句中又套了一个定语从句。
然后逗号后面的a practice引导的部分是前面的主语的同位语兼任插入语，practice后面的修饰它的一大堆东西又是定语从句套着定语从句。
本句是典型的层层修饰结构。
意群训练：Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net(net phytoplankton), a pratice that overlooked the smaller that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research31. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. （5）由哈格雷夫（Hargrave）和吉恩（Geen）所进行的研究，对自然条件下的群落捕食速率进行了估计，其手段是通过测量出实验室内单独的浮游动物种类的捕食速率，然后利用已知的食草动物种群密度，计算出实地状况下的群落捕食速率。
难句类型：复杂修饰解释：本句对阅读者的阅读能力提出了更高的要求，不但要求读者读清楚句子的复杂的结构，而且对读者的词汇能力也提出了更高的要求。
By以前结构无需解释，by以后有两个作介词宾语短语的动名词结构，measuring和后面表示并列和顺接的and then之后的computing，说的是计算方法；前一个measuring说的是先算出实验室中浮游动物品种的单位捕食速率，后面的computing前其实省略了一个by，而且在这个动名词结构中还包括一个分词结构using the known population density of grazers，用已知的捕食者的种群密度计算出其野外的群体捕食速率。
整个的by以后的计算过程简单了就是：实验室单位速率×野外密度＝野外群体速率另外本句中的词汇也颇有迷惑性；虽然没有太难的单词，但是很多单词都是同义词和反义词，容易让人读混；（斜线分隔同义词，冒号分隔反义词）estimate/measure/compute; feeding rates/grazing rates; zooplankton/grazers; natureal/field; laboratory community; individuall意群训练：Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community graz-ing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.32. In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in the late spring and in the summer，Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production. （3+）在浮游动物数量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼记录了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，对于营养物不充足的湖和沼泽湖而言，分别为每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%.难句类型：插入语解释：句中有两组插入语，每组两个插入语，尤其是第二组，把rate of从中间劈开。
不过因为句义尚好理解，所以本句只是有一点别扭，但不算太难。
意群训练：In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in the late spring and in the summer，Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.33. The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning as atmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration. （4）水文循环（hydrologic cycle），作为该学科中的一个主要课题，指的是水所经过的诸现象的整个循环过程，开始时是作为大气中的水蒸气，转而作为雨、雪、露、雹一类的降水量经过液体和固体形态，由此而沿着地层表面分布或进入地层表面，最终通过蒸发和散发作用再度回复到大气水蒸气的形态。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、省略解释：beginning开始的一系列分词都是修饰主语The hydrologic cycle的，分别是beginning/passing/passing/returning。
值得注意的是，thence along and into the grund surfacee 是thence passing along and entering into the ground surfacee的省略形式，但是看上去意思却很清楚。
类似这样的省略，是出题者合理地利用了省略来达到改编学术论文时压缩文章篇幅的目的。
意群训练：The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning as atmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration.34. Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.（4）只有当一个系统拥有自然的或人工形成的边界来把边界中的水与水文循环联系起来的时候，才有可能把整个的系统恰当的成为与水文地质学有关。
难句类型：复杂修饰、倒装解释：only放在句首时，主句的情态动词may倒装，这是我们高中就已经学过的东西。
然而句首的only与倒装的may距离如此之远，这在以前却没有见过，所以读上去让人不习惯。
另外一个难点在于，前面的由when所引导的时间状语从句中，宾语boundaries后面跟了一个定语从句，that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle,而且从句中的associate with 又被water within it所分开，读者还要分神去考虑it所指的是什么，所以读到后面倒装的may 的时候，难免不知所云。
