高考英语阅读解题技巧强化：推理与复述
衡东县第一中学罗咏凌
高三下期经过一系列的强化训练后，学生对于英语各题型的解题能力大有提高，不少学生的英语成绩也取得了突破性的进展。但是越接近高考，特别是在最后一个月里，有的学生就越感到迷茫，心情也越来越焦躁。因为他们感觉到阅读训练花的时间最多，而且有关阅读的各项专题我们都已复习到位，但是这一段时间所取得的进步相对于以前却慢多了。有的同学甚至形成一种错误的观点觉得阅读训练的越多，得分反而越少。特别是五月份衡阳市联考的英语阅读试题中第二篇第63题，大部分同学包括一些英语成绩平时非常优秀的同学选错答案，这种现象不禁引起了我的深思。就其原因，尽管我们已经做过有关阅读细节理解，推理判断等专题训练，却忽略了阅读理解选项中复述句与推理句的区别及相关训练，使得学生此方面能力仍然比较薄弱，能够取得的进步当然也就受到了限制。
（衡阳市2009年五月联考题阅读理解第二篇）
63. Which of the following can be inferred? (正确答案为
A)
但是绝大部分同学选D.（A qualified pilot has to pass comprehensive examinations on political and military
theory）.即使在已经给出正确答案后，他们还是觉得无法理解。其实这个句子是对原文They had also passed comprehensive examinations on political and military theory, flight skills, management and mental health的复述，而非推断。
因此加强此题型的分析与训练是非常必要的。我制作了两个多媒体课件作为对学生的一个专题训练，并取得了很好的效果。在课件中我采取了以下几个步骤：
一．从概念上着手辨析复述与推理的区别。
复述（Restatement）是用另一种表达方式来表达句子，但它所表达的观点与原文是一致的。而推断（inference）是根据原文所给的信息得出的一个推断或结论。
二．强调推理判断题的设问方式。
1. What is implied in the sentence(s) ... ?
2. It is implied in the passage that
3. The passage implies/suggests that
4. It can be inferred/seen/concluded from the passage that
5. Which of the following can be inferred from this
passage?
6. Which of the following can be concluded from this
passage?
7. Which of the following conclusions could best be drawn
from the passage?
8. Based on the passage, we can assume that
9. We can learn from the passage that the author is
10. In Which of the following publications would this
passage most likely be printed?
11. The paragraph following the passage would most
probably discuss
12. What would the paragraph preceding this passage
probably discuss?
三. 具体分析所给选项的类型和特点。
含有推理判断要求的题目一般以下面四种形式选项的句子出现：
1.复述句或纯粹是重复原文
2.是根据原文得出的推理或判断。
3.有些选项表面上看起来非常像是对原文的推断，但根据原文信息它其实是错误的推断。
4. 有些句子看起来是对的，或根据常识是正确句子，但它实际上与原文无关，不能由原文推断出它的正误。
三. 通过典型例子分析与训练加强学生的辨别能力。题目类型均为：Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?
训练1.
Heavy smokers and drinkers run a fifteen times
greater risk of developing cancer of the mouth and throat than non-smokers and non-drinkers.
A. Cancer of the mouth and throat is more likely to occur in heavy smokers and drinkers than in non-smokers and non-drinkers.
B. People who never smoke or drink will not get mouth or throat cancer.
C. Heavy drinkers who run have a greater risk of developing cancer than non-drinkers.
D. People would probably be healthier if they did not drink or smoke.
正确答案D (80%左右的同学误选A)。
Explanation：
“A” is the likeliest answer that the students will choose. a restatement of the original sentence. If heavy smokers and drinkers run a greater risk of developing cancer than those who do not smoke or drink, then cancer is more likely to occur in heavy smokers and drinkers.
“B”is not true that people who never smoke or drink will
never get mouth or throat cancer. We only know that they are less likely to get this kind of cancer.
“C” is not true. The word “run”in the original sentence is part of the phrase “to run a risk of”, which means “ to be in danger” . The sentence does not tell us anything about heavy drinkers who enjoy the sport of running.
“D”is an inference which can be drawn from the information given. If people who smoke and drink heavily run a high risk of developing cancer, then we can infer that people probably would be healthier if they don‘t smoke or drink too much.
训练2.
Nine out of ten doctors responding to a survey said they recommend our product to their patients if they recommend anything.
A. Nine out of ten doctors recommend the product .
B. If they recommend anything, nine out of ten doctors responding to a survey recommend the product.
C. Most doctors recommend the product.
D. We don’t know how many doctors recommend the product. 正确答案D (70%左右的同学误选C)
Explanation：
Nine out of ten doctors who respond to a survey doesn’t mean the number of all the doctors in all the hospitals. Maybe all of these ten doctors are the same hospital. So “A”and Option “C” can’t be based on the original sentences. Option B is only a restatement.
训练3.
Often people who hold higher position in a given group overestimate their performance, while people in the lowest levels of the group underestimate theirs. While this may not always be true, it does indicate that often the actual position in the group has much to do with the feeling of personal confidence a person may have. Thus, members who hold the higher positions in a group or feel that they have an important part to play in the group will probably have more confidence in their own performance.
A. If people have confidence in their own performance, they will achieve high position in a group.
B . If we let people know they are an important part of a group, they will probably become more self-confident.
C. People who hold low position in a group often overestimate their performance.
D. People in positions of power in a group may feel they do
better work than they really do.
E. People with higher positions in a group do better work than other group members.
正确答案B。（50%同学误选D, 30%t同学误选A）
Explanation:
“b” is an inference that can be drawn from the last sentence in the paragraph. We know that if people feel they have an important part to play in a group, they will probably have more self-confidence. We can infer that we let people know (and therefore make them feel) that they have an important part to play, they will probably become more self-confident. “d” is a restatement of the first sentence. (Often people who hold higher position in a given group overestimate their performance, ) People who hold higher positions tend to overestimate their performance: they may feel they do better work than they really do.
训练4.
Think back to your college days, the good old days when life was easy. Stay up all night partying or even studying? No problem. Eat pizza every night and plow through entire bags of potato chips nonstop. Hey, no sweat. You were a lean (苗条的), mean, and also young machine.
But ... then stuff happens. You graduate, get a job, get married, have kids, and around the age of thirty-five you’re no longer so young and so lean. In fact, you’ve added a few pounds around the middle. And with each passing year you seem to put on another pound or two. By the time you’ve hit your mid-forties you may findyourself looking into the mirror and wondering, “What happened to the slim, young Adonis (希腊神话中的美少年)?”
How did this happen? Around the age of thirty-five or so your metabolism (新陈代谢) may start to slow down. Plus, you are likely to lose muscle mass （肌肉质量）, which slows your metabolism even more. The slower your metabolism, the slower the rate at which your body burns calories. So even if you’re eating less than you used to, you’ll start gaining weight. But that you’re not a spring chicken （年轻人）anymore doesn’t mean that you have to get fat. In fact, the antidote (矫正方法) is pretty simple: exercise and eat less. Lifting weights or otherwise regularly working your muscles will add or at least keep muscle mass, which will help keep your metabolism.
So maybe you can’t stay young forever, but you can stay slim.
1.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that
the young people are _____.
A. creative
B. greedy
C. energetic
D. humorous
2.The underlined word “stuff” (in
Paragraph 2 ) refers to a series of things that are _____.
A. boring
B. happy
C. curious
D. unexpected
3, According to Paragraph3, one’s gaining weight is _____.
A. common
B. impossible
C. avoidable
D. dangerous
4. Which of the following words can best describe the
writer’s attitude towards keeping one’s figure?
A. Passive.
B. Positive.
C. Puzzled.
D. Disappointed.
Explanation:
答案：1-4 CAAB。四小题均考查推理判断。(第3问中90%的同学误选C)。
? 1.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that
the young people are _____.
根据第一节的内容(Stay up all night partying or even studying? No problem. Eat pizza every night and plow through entire bags of potato chips nonstop.)进行分析推理，整夜不睡、食量大等等这些都是精力充沛的表现，故C项energetic正确；
第2题从下文(But ... then stuff happens. You graduate, get a job, get married, have kids, and around the age of thirty-five you’re no longer so young and so lean.)毕业、找工作、结婚、生孩子，这一切都是令人心烦的事，结果不再年轻。
特别注意答题的依据是第3段的内容，注意不能选C。虽然文章最后一段作者的观点the antidote (矫正方法) exercise and eat less非常明确，即只要锻炼加少食，就可以防止发胖，但第3段How did this happen? Around the age of thirty-five or so your metabolism (新陈代谢) may start to slow down. Plus, you are likely to lose muscle mass （主要是介绍了人到一定年龄发胖的原理，说明发胖还是常见的（common）。
可以从文章的整个基调尤其是最后一句(So maybe you can’t stay young forever, but you can stay slim. )十分肯定的结论推断出作者对一个人保持体形的态度是积
极的，故B为正确答案。
笔者认为作为一个高三老师应该随时注意发现学生解题中遇到的困难并及时着手解决问题，考前进行有效点破，让学生的能力得到迅速提高，这样学生在训练中才会有所收获，而不会感到迷茫和厌烦，并在随后的考试中取得更大的成绩。
1．题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等 抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (NOT) correct? Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true EXCEPT… 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 2．解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： (1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 (2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 (3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 (4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易 把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： (1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 (2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 (3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 (4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 (5)文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提出的问题。 下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。 1．直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给
高一英语专题培优 ——阅读理解解题技巧 考纲解读： 阅读理解是英语考试中的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查 的根本是检验学生对有关信息的搜集、加工能力。新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定："侧重提高阅读能力"。 英语考试大纲规定，考生应能：(1) 理解主旨和要义； (2) 理解文中具体信息； (3) 根据上下文推断生词的词义； (4) 做出简单判断和推理； （5）理解文章的基本结构； （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 命题探究： 一．选材特点： 广东省高考阅读理解解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1.文章一般为4篇，阅读量在2500个单词左右； 2.题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3.体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文、论述文等。 二．题目类型： 高考中的阅读理解一般分为四大类：细节题、猜词题、推断题以及主旨题 三．题目特点： 1.无论哪一类题都一定能在文中找到依据。 2.每篇文章的5个小题正确答案的关键信息按照短文出现的先后顺序依次 排列。如第2题的关键信息点在第二段中，那么第3题的关键信息点很 可能就会在第三段中，而在第一段的可能性就很小。主旨大意题和写作 目的题一般都安排在第5小题。 阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯 提高分数技巧： 1. 抓好限时训练 同学们可以通过限时训练有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练 时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。 2. 养成良好的阅读习惯 同学们在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想
（英语）高三英语阅读理解技巧(很有用)及练习题 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 American college students are becoming more adventuresome as they study abroad, showing less interests in English-speaking destinations such as Great Britain and Australia and more in such countries as China, India, Argentina and Brazil. Britain remained the most popular study destination in 2005, according to annual figures from the Institute of International Education, followed by Italy, Spain and France. But the number of American students studying in Britain and Australia descended a little, even as the number of American students abroad rose by 8%. The growth came in non-English speaking European countries and in Asia. China is now the eighth most popular destination for American students, attracting nearly 6,400 in 2005, up 35% from the number of the year before. Argentina and India saw increases of more than 50%. Allan Goodman, president of the Institute of International Education, said that a range of factors contributed to the trend, from growing awareness of globalization after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, to programs such as former President Bush's National Security Language Initiative, which trains soldiers, intelligence officers and diplomats in foreign languages. “What Americans are doing is waking up and discovering there's a world out there,” he said. Other figures showed the flow of students in the opposite direction, from foreign countries into American universities. The institute found that international enrollment (入学) in American higher education remained steady at about 565,000. The figures are of keen interest to universities, which depend on foreign students for teaching and research help, and to policy-makers, who consider it important, as future foreign leaders may be familiar with the United States. The year of 2005 saw big increases in students from South Korea, Mexico and Taiwan of China. India sends the most students and China is No.2. Other countries that show large percentage increases in the number of students sent to the US include Nepal and Vietnam, while Japan, Turkey and Malaysia saw declines. About 58% of international students in the US come from Asia. （1）What does the underlined word “descended” in Paragraph 2 means? A. Changed. B. Declined. C. Multiplied. D. Increased. （2）Why do more American students study in Asia? A. They expect to get more teaching and research help. B. They lose confidence in English-speaking countries. C. They are afraid that terrorist attacks will happen again. D. They prefer to explore a different world from their own. （3）Where were most foreign students in America from in 2005? A. China. B. India. C. Argentina. D. Britain. （4）What can we infer from the passage? A. There were 6,400 American students studying in China in 2005. B. Chinese students to America will overpass Indians in the future. C. International enrollment in American higher education changed a lot. D. Asian students
对小学英语考试常见题型的讲解及做题技巧，失分薄弱环节的讲解 1.针对四年级学生知识或能力系统和学生的认知规律确定易错题。 2.试题包括基础知识和能力题两大类。 3.每道题包括“典题呈现”“解题分析”“参考答案”“变式突破”四个方式 4.易错题型来源于平时的教学实践，注重所选易错题例的典型性和针对性，对 学生有启发和帮助。 5.注重所选易错题型应呈现的多样性。 小学英语考试的目的是什么？考的方式与内容与课程设置理念有无相悖？如果每个人能多思考这样的问题，我想无论从教学思想上还是评价体系上更上一层楼，即使是在应试教育的大气候下也能把握些许平衡 [学生要通过大量做卷子，过分钻研题型本身，那考试就失去意义了] 听力： 辨音： 这种题型考察的目的是什么？我一直很疑惑。（有同行说这些题目以后不考了，但总要思考下吧） 如果是考察学生对单词是否读准了，那告诉你，10个有8个是没问题的，exercise这个单词有点复杂，也许有很多学生对里面的单个音吃不准，但是要整体认读对，是不难的，但问题也就在这里，有很多学生会读整个单词，但不知道具体每个字母在这个单词里读什么音，这点也许那些高中，大学老师觉得很不可思议，但是小学老师绝对深有感触，我在训练直拼的时候就发现有几个很有这样问题的学生，我就问他big种的I到底发什么音，但是在他嘴里出来的是莫名其妙[e]；
如果这个不能说明问题的话，那举个th的例子是最能说明问题，几乎每个学生都能在单词里读对这个音，我就不相信有学生会把there种的th读成清音——词汇互译 这是一个基本功问题，即便是从过去侧重语言知识考察转变为知识技能、综合运用能力考察，这还是少不了的。如果一个学生连最起码的几个单词都不背或者没能力背的话，那谈什么素质教育？说到这个，我感觉应试教育虽然大行其道，千夫指，但是说实话，有些东西我们是绝对不能放弃的，难道素质教育的教学就是应该轻松的吗？不下苦功的学习永远是肤浅的 用单词的适当形式填空 有的题目是直接考词性变化比如sun (同音词) do (过去式), 也有的是放 在句子里让学生根据语境写适当的形式。前者这种形式慢慢被淘汰了，我觉得这是一个英明的举动。不放在语言环境里是没什么意义的，而且缺乏语境是还造成大量学生不会做的原因，比如你要学生默写“听见”，即使有点忘了的学生只要有I’m sorry to hear that的语感提醒，那还是会知道hear这个单词的，你要学生默写“来这里”的“这里”，也是不难的事情here. 但是你要猛的问here的同音词是什么？学生也许就怎么也想不出来了——here ( 同音词)________。这就是一件可悲的事情了，这被扣的一分又能说明什么呢？这得的一分除了表现这个学生的记忆好，根本没什么意义，因为那只是一个孤立的单词而已。 选择 选择题考些什么，大致分为两类，一类是语法题，第二类是运用性题目（包括语用题），其实大多数情况都是考前者，其实，至少说在小学里，我认为考语法应该以语感辅之分析为主，类似Does he…? Are you…? Is your father….?等都应该是在口语熟练下的水到渠成，也就是通常人常说的语感，有这样的语感铺垫，
卷29-湖北省部分重点中学2018届高三第二次联考 A 大学学位是一项意义重大的金融投资。因此，我们从一开始就会鼓励你立足长远，思考你毕业后想做什么。以那样的方式，你可以建立最合适的课程组合，从中获得所需的知识和技能。 我们超过70%的大学毕业生在毕业6个月后达到了毕业生水平。 我会得到什么样的指导？ 参加职业服务，我们可以帮助你： 找到可能存在的职业机遇 为你选择最合适的选项 进行高效的就业申请 规划并管理你未来的职业 我能学到什么技能？ 雇主会寻找具备高技能的新成员。一堂语言学习课程并不是单单教你理论知识，还会教授你许多技能，例如： 认真听写语言的实用性技能 描述及对比语言或语言风格的分析技能 检验和评价理论的智力技能 各种变化的技能 我们的毕业生为各种职业作好了准备，这些职业会用到上述的技能以及其他以此为基础的技能，如解决问题、对证据的辩证评价以及对细节的关注度。 兰开斯特奖 获得兰开斯特奖。这是与雇主合作创立的证书，帮助你利用在兰开斯特的时间，展示你已经具备的技能。兰开斯特奖可以帮助你从人群中脱颖而出，拓展未来的就业前景。 在我们机构获得学位后学生们会继续从事什么工作？ 你从我们机构获得学位后，有以下几个有代表性的领域你可能会感兴趣： 教育：在英国的学校、学院和大学教书，从事对外英语教学 新闻、媒体及公共关系 出版 管理 更高学位及研究 B 生活是困难的——甚至比任何人想象的更难。年轻时，你梦想世界是你的游乐场，并且被告知你可以做任何事，成为你想成为的任何人。不过，不知道为何，事情不会像你想要的那样一帆风顺。世界似乎要和你对着干，你想听到的最后一句话就是“振作起来!” 然而，关于你的处境，有几件事你可能不会注意到。下次当你情绪低落时，也许以下信息将为你提供动力： 首先，不是一切都是不好的。坏消息会极大地提高电视收视率，这是一个广为接受的事实。负面的东西会比积极的东西吸引更多的注意力，那是因为我们很容易从消极的角度看待事情。然而，那不应该从全局上分散你的注意力。 抵抗持续的消极情绪所造成的狭隘的眼光。记住，即使真的有很多麻烦，你周围还是有一些很好的事情。 你也应该记住别人不是你。没有人喜欢被用来和另一个人作比较。更为糟糕的是，如果即使有这种可能的话，也是你自己在作比较。
高考英语阅读之理解细节理解题 细节理解题在高考中占有较大比例，其主要考查考生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。 一：常见的设问方式有： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… 二．常见题型 1.wh类细节题； 2.数据计算题； 3.排序题； 4.是非题； 5.图标题 三、设题方式 1．语意转换。细节理解题设题时为了避免出现原文中所用的词汇，常常使用一些同义词、近义词或反义词(双重否定)。因而在解题时要注意语意转换。 2．设题顺序。一般来说，题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致，如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前。 3．设题干扰项。 (1)正误并存：部分正确，部分错误。 (2)扩大或缩小范围：是原文信息，但不是题干要求。 (3)偷换概念：符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 (4)以偏概全：与原句的内容极其相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动。 (5)无中生有：明显不是文章的信息，与文章事实不符或相反。 四、解题步骤 1．迅速定位，缩小范围。通过寻读法(scanning)，用题干中的关键词在文中搜索，迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置，缩小阅读范围。 2．理解其意，对照选项。在找到关键词句后，要仔细阅读，准确理解，对照选项，看哪个选项的意思与之最接近。 3．排除干扰，选出答案。在作出选择的过程中，要善于辨别真伪，排除干扰，不断缩小范围，选出正确答案。 五、典例精析 1.wh类细节题 1) Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Q: Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? A. To take special kinds of food B. To respond to climate change. C. To lose weight D. To improve their health 2).Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability. Q: How do people of higher income see their future? A. They will earn less money. B. They will become pessimistic. C. They will suffer mental illness. D. They will have less time to enjoy life. 3)(2012全国Ⅰ卷C篇) Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg，distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left,and I becoming increasingly impatient. Q: Why did the author get impatient while driving? A.He was lonely on the road. B.He was slowed down by a truck. C. He got tired of driving too long. D. He came across too many traffic lights. 4)Software Trainer If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make you own
如对您有帮助，请购买打赏，谢谢您！英语阅读理解---事实细节题的解题技巧 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。 细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 【题型特点】这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类：一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。 【命题形式】这类题主要是针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问的。如： 1.Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? 2. Which of the following statements is (not) correct? 3. In the passage, which of the following is mentioned / not mentioned? 4. All the following statements are not true except ______. 5. All the statements are true except______. 6. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 7. When/Where did the story happen? 了解这些题目的设计特点对正确解题有一定帮助。一般来说，设计这些题目时，编题者常常会换用不同的词、词组、短语、句型、或其它不同的表达方式来表达文段中某一相应的词、词组、短语、句型或表
高考英语阅读解题技巧强化：推理与复述 衡东县第一中学罗咏凌 高三下期经过一系列的强化训练后，学生对于英语各题型的解题能力大有提高，不少学生的英语成绩也取得了突破性的进展。但是越接近高考，特别是在最后一个月里，有的学生就越感到迷茫，心情也越来越焦躁。因为他们感觉到阅读训练花的时间最多，而且有关阅读的各项专题我们都已复习到位，但是这一段时间所取得的进步相对于以前却慢多了。有的同学甚至形成一种错误的观点觉得阅读训练的越多，得分反而越少。特别是五月份衡阳市联考的英语阅读试题中第二篇第63题，大部分同学包括一些英语成绩平时非常优秀的同学选错答案，这种现象不禁引起了我的深思。就其原因，尽管我们已经做过有关阅读细节理解，推理判断等专题训练，却忽略了阅读理解选项中复述句与推理句的区别及相关训练，使得学生此方面能力仍然比较薄弱，能够取得的进步当然也就受到了限制。 （衡阳市2009年五月联考题阅读理解第二篇） 63. Which of the following can be inferred? (正确答案为 A) 但是绝大部分同学选D.（A qualified pilot has to pass comprehensive examinations on political and military
theory）.即使在已经给出正确答案后，他们还是觉得无法理解。其实这个句子是对原文They had also passed comprehensive examinations on political and military theory, flight skills, management and mental health的复述，而非推断。 因此加强此题型的分析与训练是非常必要的。我制作了两个多媒体课件作为对学生的一个专题训练，并取得了很好的效果。在课件中我采取了以下几个步骤： 一．从概念上着手辨析复述与推理的区别。 复述（Restatement）是用另一种表达方式来表达句子，但它所表达的观点与原文是一致的。而推断（inference）是根据原文所给的信息得出的一个推断或结论。 二．强调推理判断题的设问方式。 1. What is implied in the sentence(s) ... ? 2. It is implied in the passage that 3. The passage implies/suggests that 4. It can be inferred/seen/concluded from the passage that 5. Which of the following can be inferred from this passage? 6. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?
部编五年级【英语】小学英语阅读答题技巧 小学英语教学是学生英语学习的启蒙阶段，对学生的终生学习起着重要的作用。如果小学 英语教师能灵活巧妙地渗透、运用英语阅读技巧和策略，帮助小学生有效地学习和阅读英 语故事或短文，将会为他们今后的英语学习奠定良好的基础。下面是小学英语阅读 一、先看问题，再读原文 先看问题，带着问题去原文里找答案，这样比较有目的性。现在问题的形式也比较灵活， 有单选，有判断正误。先了解问题具体是哪种形式，在阅读原文的时候才更有针对性寻找 答案。小学阶段的阅读理解相对来说还是比较简单的，很多问题可以在原文里直接找到答 案，当然这主要是针对单选和判断来说的。先读问题，在阅读原文的时候有的问题一下子 就出来了，节约了很多时间。 二、通读全文，抓住重点 在阅读原文的时候一定不要一句一句的看，一句一句的理解，这样做会影响对整篇文章的 理解和认识。如果遇上生词，先不要管它，略过生词继续通读全文。读完一遍能够大概明 白文章讲了一件什么事。在阅读的过程中还要注意抓住重点，即出现了哪些人物，提到了 什么时间，说到了哪个地点，发生了什么事情，这些关键词最好能用笔在原文中做个记 号，因为后面的问题一般都和这些关键词相关。 三、大胆猜词，掌握意思 说阅读理解题难很大程度上是因为句子中有些单词不知道是什么意思，这在理解文章意思 的时候就会加大难度。但是我们可以通过猜测单词的意思对通篇文章进行理解，可以根据 上下文的意思进行猜测，还可以根据单词的构成进行猜测，比如说我们知道happy是“高兴的”，那么unhappy就是“不高兴的”。当然这就需要学生在平时注意单词的构成。 四、反复阅读，深刻理解 做阅读理解题一般需要读两到三遍，这样对理解全文是非常有帮助的。第一次阅读把那些 能够直接找出答案的题做出来，第二遍阅读就要明白原文具体说了一件什么事情，面白了 这个时候对后面一些需要理解能回答的问题这时候就可以解决了。第三遍通读全文，对所 做出的答案再确认一遍。 二、阅读理解 2．阅读理解阅读短文，判断正误 Today is Sunday. It's Betty's birthday. She is twelve years old. She is at home with her parents now. They're going to have a birthday party. Her father is decorating the house. Her mother is making the birthday cake. Betty is washing some apples, pears and grapes. All of them are very busy. The party will start at seven o'clock in the evening. Betty's friends, Kate, Joan, Mike, Tom, Rose and Jack will come to the party. They will give Betty some presents. The children are going to sing and dance at the party. Betty's mother will play the piano for them. Betty's father will take photos of them. I think they will have a good time at the party. （1）Today is Betty's birthday. （2）Betty's father is making the birthday cake now.
卷28太原五中2018届高三阶段性检测 A 许多人不知道2017年著名的纯素食名人，但是越来越多的人接触到素食主义的相关信息。下面是4位素食主义者。 歌手埃莉·古尔丁谈论她钟爱的蔬果奶昔，并在《塑形》杂志上称自己为真正的纯素食者。 “我称自己为真正的纯素食者。这十分困难，但也不是不可能实现。我几乎每天都给自己榨绿色果汁。我会放如香蕉、西兰花之类的东西，或者我冰箱里的任何东西真的都可以。红薯条和沙拉绝对是我的最爱。这是完美的一餐搭配。我也会吃很多坚果，但是我也爱吃薯条。成为素食主义者其实很容易，因为许多垃圾食品都是素食！” 利亚姆·海姆斯沃斯唱歌赞美自己的全新素食餐，这使他上了头条新闻。在《男性健身》杂志的一次访谈中，他宣称，“我只感到身心上的愉悦。我喜欢素食餐。” “考虑到自身健康，以及我所收集的关于虐待动物的信息，我不能再继续吃肉了。我了解越多，我就越难继续吃肉，”当被问及是什么让他决定改变饮食习惯时他这样回复。 麦莉·赛勒斯是一位动物维权者，拥有数百万的ins粉丝，她会在ins上清晰明确地表达观点！受到失去自己河豚的启发，流行歌手麦莉·赛勒斯成为一名素食者，并在《吉米·法伦深夜秀》上谈及此事。 “我之所以开始素食是因为我曾经有一条智商很高的鱼。它真的知道我是谁，当我到家时它会十分兴奋。有一天我和朋友们去一家寿司店，他们提供河豚食用。而我想河豚是一种聪明的动物。” 越来越多像爱莉安娜·格兰德这样的年轻巨星正在向他们的粉丝们传播有意识的饮食信息。爱莉安娜看过极具影响力的纪录片《餐叉胜于手术刀》后十分震惊，于是成为了一名素食者。 “不开玩笑地说，我热爱动物胜过爱大多数的人。但是我坚定地相信要吃完全的植物类食物可以延长寿命，并让你更加开心。在外面吃的时候比较棘手，但是我坚持只吃我所知道的蔬菜、水果和沙拉。我到家之后再吃其他的。” B 一位大师的两个僧侣在大师房前的花园里行走。他们被要求每天都这样走，从黎明走到黄昏。行走是一种冥想形式。白天他们不可以坐下——腿部需要一些活动，血液需要些许循环。 他们都希望得到大师的允许可以坐下，所以他们决定，“大多数情况，他会拒绝，但是我们还是要去问一下。而且在花园里坐着看起来也不像是什么不礼貌的行为。” 第二天他们在花园相遇。其中一人十分生气，因为另一个人正坐着。他说，“发生了什么？我也问过了，但他还是断然拒绝了，说不可以坐。你现在却坐着！你要违背他的命令吗？” 另一个人说，“但是他和我说可以。” “这太不公平了，”第一个人说道，“我这就去问他为什么对我说不可以，却对你说可以。” 另一个人说，“等等。告诉我你当时是怎么问的。”第一个人说，“我当时怎么问？我当时就简单地问了句‘我可以边坐着边冥想吗？’他说不可以，而且看起来很生气。” 另一个人大笑着说道，“现在我知道是怎么回事了。我当时问的是‘我可以边冥想边坐着吗？’他说可以。” 这视情况而定。只是一点不同，生活就完全变样。询问“我可以边坐着边冥想吗？”着实令人厌恶。但是询问“我可以边冥想边坐着吗？”就完全没有问题。非常好！至少你会冥想。 生活就是一块空白的油画布，我们必须对它充满创意。
高考阅读理解之细节理解题 姓名：______________ 班级：____________________ 提醒语： 1．确定题干，到原文快速搜索相关信息，对信息进行处理！ 2．忌主观臆断！ 3．细节题是高考考查的重点，占阅读的50%，应重视。 【考例分析1】For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do? （2010·湖北卷·B篇） Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict? A. Both can continue for generations B. Both are about where to draw the line C. Neither has any clear winner D. Neither can be put to an end 【考例分析2】The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. （2010·湖南卷·C） What were the people asked to do in the study? A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive. C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers? faces. 【考例分析3】Confucius suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of “Do not do to others what you would not want others to you. ”He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes. （2010·江西卷·C）Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that . A. all men were equal when they were born B. the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to 【考例分析4】Since Beijing's first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the city have added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of the country and can't really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in Europe. （2010·全国卷II·C） Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in Europe? A. To visit more ski areas. B. To ski on natural snow. C. For a large collection of ski suits. D. For better services and equipment. 【考例分析5】He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones.
高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we're hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education. One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor's degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there's a question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a "three-year degree" model. I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly "throw out" one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist "diluting (稀释)" the quality of the education they offer. In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it's not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns (实习生) in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University. （1）Which of the following can best sum up the main idea? A.It's time to shorten the learning process. B.Best learning takes place over time. C.University education should be watered down. D.College education calls for reform. （2）We can learn from the passage that ________. A.most American universities are against the "three-year degree" model B.many famous US universities are considering adopting the "three-year degree" model C.professors are willing to accept the "three-year degree" model D.The "three-year degree" model can make college learning more efficient （3）In most US universities, ________. A.college students are offered the co-op program B.electives' credits make up one quarter of the required credits C.all students are required to finish four-year education before graduation D.some excellent students can graduate ahead of time