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化学词汇组词规律

化学词汇组词规律
化学词汇组词规律

英语化学词汇的组词规律

1.化学元素(Chemical elements)

A—音译transliteration

锂lithium 镁magnesium 硒selenium

氦helium 锰manganese 钡barium

氟fluorine 钛titanium 铀uranium

氖neon 镍nickel 钙calcium

B—意译transcribe or free translation

氧铝溴

氢hydrogen 硅silicon 钾potassium

碳carbon 磷phosphorus 汞mercury

氮nitrogen 硫sulphur(sulfur) 钠sodium

C—意音兼译translation by meaning and pronunciation

碘iodine 氯chlorine 砷arsenic

2.化学基团chemical groups

各种元素element的原子atom组合成分子molecule,按性质可以把分子分为不同的原子团radicle,分子中这些具有相对独特性质的原子团,称为官能团functional group,或范围更广一点,称作化学基团chemical group.

propylene

丁/四butyl butane butanol butylene butyne butanone

戊/五pentyl pentane pentanol pentylene戊二烯

pentene 戊烯

pentyne pentanone

己/六hexyl hexane hexanol hexylene hexyne hexanone

庚/七heptyl heptane heptanol heptylene heptyne heptanone

辛/八octyl octane octanol octylene octyne octanone

壬/九nonyl nonane nonanol nonylene nonyne nonanone

癸/十decatyl decane decanol decylene decyne decanone

说明:-ol表示醇羟基,-an与烷有关,表示是饱和状态,-en与烯有关,有不饱和的意义,相应的饱和状态的羟基即醇-anol,不饱和状态的羟基即酚-enol。在结构较为复杂的醇类化合物中,常常只用-ol;酮-one是相当于用氧o替换了烯-ene中的一个碳,二者均为不饱和结构。

ether(醚),ester(酯),只要在化学基后加上这两个词,就获得了两组英文词。例如:甲醚methyl ether,甲酯methyl ester。

3.化合物类别及化学官能团Classes of compounds and functional groups

化合物类别

烃hydrocarbon 酚hydroxybenzene/phenol 胺amine

烷alkane 醚ether 亚胺imine

烯alkene 酮ketone 腈nitrile

炔alkyne 醛aldehyde 亚砜sulfoxide

苯benzene 酸acid 砜sulfone

醇alcohol 酐anhydride 碱alkali/base 官能团

烷基alkyl 羟基hydroxyl 羰基carbonyl

苯基phenyl 氨基amino 羧基carboxyl

苄基benzyl 硝基nitryl 酰基acyl

其他官能团(注意类别)

甲酰基formyl 甲苯基tolyl/cresyl 乙烯基vinyl

乙酰基acetyl 联苯基biphenyl/diphenyl 丁二烯基bivinyl/divinyl

丙烯酰基acryl 苯氧基phenoxyl 聚二烯基polyvinyl

硝酰基nitroxyl 苯乙基phenethyl

亚硝酰基nitrosyl 烯丙基allyl

硫酰基sulfonyl/sulfuryl 巯基mercapto

磷酰基phosphoryl

4.前缀和后缀prefix and suffix

(1)前缀

A.表示取代位置的前缀

prefixes examples

正n-phosphate正磷酸盐

同分异构,iso- isobutyl异丁基;isoenzyme同功酶,isoelectric point等电点

o-hydroxyl benzoate邻羟基苯甲酸

偏,间meta-, m- m-xylene =m-dimethylbenzene间二甲苯

对para-, p- p-aminophenol对-氨基酚

顺cis- cis-platin顺铂(铂platinum)

反trans- trans-isomer反式异构体

环cyclo- cyclodextrin环糊精

B.表示取代数量的前缀

戊、己、庚等指的是分子式中所含有的碳原子或其他原子的数目,而五、六、七等数字表示在一个独立单位内,共存在几个相同的相对独立的个体。

prefixes examples

单,一mono- monoacid一元酸,monoamine一元胺或单胺(单胺氧化酶为

monoamine oxidase)

双,二di-或bi- 有时二者通用,di-在化学中使用较多

三tri- triacetamide三乙酰胺

四tetra- tetraacetate四乙酸盐(酯),

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid乙二胺四乙酸EDTA 五penta- pentabutyryl glucose五丁酰葡萄糖

六hexa- hexachlorocyclohexane六氯环己烷,即六六六

七hepta- heptadiene庚二烯,heptadecane diacid十七烷二酸

八octa- octadecyl bromide十八烷基溴, octyl formate甲酸辛酯

C.表示旋光性的前缀

prefixes examples

右旋dextro- Dextroglucose右旋葡萄糖

左旋levo- Levodopa左旋多巴(抗帕金森药)

消旋dl- dl-methyldopa消旋甲基多巴(抗高血压)

D.表示氧化程度的前缀

prefixes examples

高,过per- potassium permanganate高锰酸钾,

calcium perphosphate过磷酸钙

低,亚proto- protochloride低氯化物,氯化亚某

stannum/tin protochloride氯化亚锡

次hypo- hypochlorous acid次氯酸

焦pyro- sodium pyrophosphate焦磷酸钠

E.其他常用前缀:

prefixes examples

聚poly- polypropylene聚丙烯

微,弱,亚sub- subacid微酸(性),subacidity弱酸性

半semi- semi-synthesis半合成

假,伪,异pseudo- pseudobutylene 2-丁烯,异丁烯

pseudo-sapogenins假皂苷类

(2)后缀

A.糖-ose

例:葡萄糖glucose

B.酶-ase或enzyme

例:乳糖酶lactase;胞内酶intracellular enzyme

C.醛-al或aldehyde

例:氯醛chloral

D.胺-amine

例:氯胺chloramine

E.苯胺-aniline

例:硝基苯胺nitroaniline

F.酰胺-amide

例:乙酰胺acetamide

G.酰亚胺-imide

例:聚酰亚胺polyimide

H.后缀-ide、-ate、-ite的比较与分析

例:硫酸sulfuric acid

亚硫酸sulfurous acid

硫化物sulfide :硫化钠sodium sulfide

硫酸盐sulfate :硫酸钠sodium sulfate

亚硫酸盐sulfite :亚硫酸钠sodium sulfite

磷酸phosphoric acid

亚磷酸phosphorous acid

磷化物phosphide:二磷化钙calcium phosphide

磷酸盐phosphate:磷酸钙calcium phosphate

亚磷酸盐phosphite:亚磷酸钙calcium phosphite

硝酸nitric acid

亚硝酸nitrous acid

氮化物nitride:一氮化三钠sodium nitride

硝酸盐nitrate:硝酸钠sodium nitrate

亚硝酸盐nitrite:亚硝酸钠sodium nitrite

碳酸carbonic acid

含碳的carbonous

碳化物carbonide:碳化钙calcium carbonide

碳酸盐carbonate:碳酸钠sodium carbonate

特例:盐酸hydrochloric acid,只有氢氯化物hydrochloride的形式,翻译成盐酸某某某。5.翻译方法methods of translation

(1)顺式翻译

例:

polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)聚四氟乙烯,poly(聚),tetra(四),fluoro(氟,氟基),ethylene

(乙烯)

hydrocyanic acid 氢氰酸

acrylonitrile dipolymer 丙烯腈二聚物

(2)反式翻译

例:

A.化学酸与化学元素化合时:

Sodium hydroxide(氢氧化钠),英文中钠在前,中文里钠在后。

B.化学酸与化学基团化合时:

Butyl acetoacetate,aceto是acetyl(乙酰基、醋酸基)的变体

Ethyl thiocarbonate

thio与sulfuric的差别:thio是“含硫的,硫代的”,指硫代替了其他原子,如噻吩,英文名为thiofuran,直译为“硫代呋喃”,相当于把呋喃中的氧用硫代替,得到的化合物。Sulfuric的含义则是以硫为基础,与其他原子形成的基团或化合物,看下面的词sodium thiosulphate(硫代硫酸钠),硫代替了硫酸根上的一个氧。

1-异丙氨基-3-[对-(2-甲氧乙基)苯氧基]-2-丙醇

1-[4-(2-甲氧乙基)苯氧基]-3-[(1-甲基乙基) 氨基] -2-丙醇

1-(isopropylamino)-3-[p-(2-methoxyethyl) phenoxy]-2-propanol

1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl) phenoxy]-3-[(1-methylethyl) amino] propan-2-ol

#Develop的译法

?表示(开始)得了某种疾病

–Some people develop skin rashes when they take sulfas. 有些人服用磺胺药物后会出现皮疹。

–If one is discovered to have developed high blood-pressure or heart-disease, he is immediately transferred to light work. 如果发现谁得了高血压或心脏病,就立即调去

做较轻松的工作。

–Lung fever develops from flu. 肺炎是由流行性感冒引起的。

–She developed symptoms of consumption. 她出现了肺结核症状。

–He developed a cough. 他开始咳嗽了。

?用于动、植物的生长等

–The bud developed into a blossom. 花蕾开出了鲜花。

–Land animals are believed to have developed from sea animals. 陆地动物被认为是由海洋动物进化而来的。

–Warm rains and summer suns develop the plants. 和暖的雨水和夏日的阳光促使植物生长。

–The fetus develops lungs relatively late in the gestation period. 在妊娠期胎儿的肺生长得相对慢些。

–An example is the fine strain of rice we have developed. 我们培育出的优良品种就是一例。

–Sure enough, 80 percent of the plants developed the disease. 果然,80%的庄稼都染上了这种病。

–A chicken develops in the egg. 鸡在蛋中发育。

?(电影、相照)胶卷的冲洗等也常用此词

–The photographers developed the film by treating it with chemicals. 摄影师用化学药剂使底片显影。

–He was in the dark room developing his films. 他在暗室洗相片。

–This type of film develops in twenty minutes. 冲洗此类软片需要20分钟。

?在科技文章中,除经常译成“研制、发展、开发、设计”等外,还可以译成:

–Another American, Henry Ford, developed the idea of the assembly line. 另一个名叫亨利·福特的美国人萌发了装配线的主意。

–A series of volcanic eruptions developed along the fault.

一系列的火山爆发正在断层带酝酿。

?此外,develop一词有时可不必译出。

如a motor that develops 100 h.p. 一台100马力的发动机。

Package Insert

The information in a package insert follows a standard format for every medication. After some identifying information such as the Brand Name and Generic Name of the product, the following sections appear

sections

●Description 性状

●Clinical Pharmacology 药理作用

●Indications and Usage 适应症

●Contraindications 禁忌症

Warning 注意事项

●Precautions 注意事项

●Adverse Reactions 不良反应

●Overdosage 药物过量

●Dosage and Administration 用法用量

●How Supplied 外观、包装、及贮藏

Package inserts for some medicines also include sections such as Drug Interactions, Drug Abuse and Dependence. If matters on Drug Abuse and Dependence are potential problems, and some begin with "Box Warnings," which highlight especially serious (often life-threatening) adverse reactions that have been reported.

Drug Name

●Brand Name 商品名

=Trade Name

(name with registered trademark)

●Generic Name 非专利名称, 通用名

●翻译方法:

?音译: Atropine 阿托品

?谐音译: Reserpine 利血平

?意译: Tablet Tribromidi 三溴片

?意音结合:Neostigmine Bromide溴化新斯的明

?中文译名的转化:Penicillin盘尼西林→青霉素

Description

●chemical name and structure

●Dosage form and administration

?tablet form, capsule, liquid, etc.

?given-by mouth (oral administration), by injection, by adding it to a solution being given via an intravenous (IV) line (parenteral administration), and so forth.

●inactive ingredients

?filler, artificial color,or flavoring

Clinical Pharmacology

●How the medicine works in the body: absorption, elimination, and effects at various concentrations.

●Studies in different groups of people: children, elderly people, women, or people of different races.

●(Sometimes) The results of studies for different purposes

药理作用的常见相关标题

●Clinical Pharmacology

●Clinical Data

●Clinical Use

●Clinical Effect

●Mode of Mechanism of Action

●Pharmacological Actions

●Therapeutical Action

●Toxicology

Indications and Usage

●Uses (indications) approved by regulatory agencies

●相关词汇:

indication 适应症

action and use 作用与用途

usage 用途

treatment 主治

Dosage and Administration

●常见给药途径:

orally 口服

intramuscularly 肌注

intravenously 静注

subcutaneously 皮下

locally 局部给药

●剂量单位:

mg, ml, IU (International Unit)

●性别

male, female

●年龄

adult, children, infant, newborn

children under 18 years old

children under 12 years of age

children aged 6-10 years

over 10 years of age

●服药时间和次数:

every day, a day, per day, daily

every other day, two-daily

every eight hours, eight-hourly

once/twice/three times a day

per kilo of body weight

mg/kg/day

●剂量和服法

once daily for 10-15 days or

0.5-1.0 mg/kg/day

One capsule daily, before breakfast or 10-14 hours before retiring.

- or adhere to the instructions of the physician 遵医嘱

Warnings, Precautions

●Warnings: serious side effects

?Box Warning: especially severe or life-threatening problems

●Precautions: advises how to use the medication most safely and effectively

?Laboratory tests before taken or during in use

?Activities required special caution

?Information on pregnancy/ nursingmothers/ children/

older people

?Drug/food Interactions

●常用标题:

causions, precausions, warning, note, notice, attention

Adverse Reactions

●all the side effects reported

Everything that happened to people (and sometimes also animals) regardless of whether it actually had any connection to the medicine.

●常见标题:

adverse reactions, by-effects, side effects, toxicity reactions

Contraindications

●contra-indications

●If you have a significant medical disorder, this is the place to find out whether it's likely to cause a problem if you take this medicine

Drug Abuse and Dependence

●This section tells whether this medicine could be abused or cause psychological or physical dependence.

●Have used a dependency-causing medicine for a while, If you want to stop taking it, the dosage will have to be tapered very slowly

Overdosage

●This section tells what the results of a large overdose of the medicine are likely to be and how they should be treated.

●This kind of information is mainly useful to medical personnel.

●常见标题:

overdosage, treatment of overdosage

How Supplied

●all the available forms:

Each one is described by color, shape, and markings

If you have a liquid, is it a suspension that needs to be shaken before use?

●storage instructions

●Manufd. Date & Expiration Date

Use before,Shelf-life,storage life

●Lot No.

Batch No.

●Manufacturer

●References

Literature

Other Items

(完整版)化学类专业英语词汇.doc

专业英语词汇 Unit 1TEXT A : Chemical Reactions and Group Reactions customary a. 通常的,惯例的 handle n.柄vt.触摸 handling n.处理,管理 derive vt.取得,得到,衍生 oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n. satisfactory a.令人满意的,符合要求的 rapid a.快的,迅速的,动作快的 combustion n.燃烧 somewhat pron. ad. 一点点,几分,有点 effort n.努力 commercial a.商业的,商务的 undesirable a不.合需要的,不受欢迎的,讨厌的 retard vt.延迟,放慢,使停滞 transformer n.变压器 transform vt.改变,转变 automotive a.自动的,机动的,汽车的 cracked裂化的 sluge n.软泥,淤泥 stiff a.硬的,强烈的 extent 广度,程度 distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi. unrefined a.未精致,未提炼的 acidity n.酸味,酸性acidify vt. Vi. Involve vt. 包缠,卷缠 Fell=following Individual a.个人的,个体的 Presumable a可.假定的,可推测的 Destruction n.破坏,毁灭 Overall n。 a.全面的,综合的 Exceed 超过,胜过 Isolate vt.隔离,孤立,使离析iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析,分解 Carbonyl 羰基 Carboxyl羧基 Hydroxyl羟基 Decomposition分解 Alkyl烷基,烃基

化学专业名词

化学专业名词 化学专业名词 1.The Ideal-Gas Equation [???] 理想气体状态方程 2. Partial [ ???●] Pressures 分压 3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离 4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程 5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境 6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数 7. Process 过程 8. Phase [] 相 9. The First Law of Thermodynamics [ ???◆??] 热力学第一定律 10. Heat and Work 热与功 11. Endothermic [9endEJ`W\:mIk] and Exothermic [9eksEJ`W\:mIk] Processes 吸热与发热过程 12. Enthalpies [5enWAlpi, en5WAlpi] of Reactions 反应热 13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律 14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓 15. Reaction Rates 反应速率 16. Reaction Order 反应级数 17. Rate Constants 速率常数 18. Activation Energy 活化能 19. The Arrhenius [E5ri:niEs, -5rei-] Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程 20. Reaction Mechanisms[5mekEnizEm] 反应机理 21. Homogeneous [7hCmEu5dVi:njEs] Catalysis 均相催化剂

国际化学核查常用词汇表

“十二五”规划12th Five-Year Plan 《关于禁止发展、生产和储存细菌(生物)及毒素武器和销毁此种武器的公约》(于1972年4月10日在伦敦、莫斯科和华盛顿签订)Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, (signed at London, Moscow and Washington on 10 April 1972) 《关于禁止在战争中使用窒息性、毒性或其他气体和细菌作战方法的议定书》(1925年《日内瓦议定书》)的原则和目标the principles and objectives of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925 (the Geneva Protocol of 1925) 《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations 《维也纳外交关系公约》Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations ?根据本公约进行规定活动的视察组成员应免纳外交代表根据《维也纳外交关系公约》第34条所免纳的一切捐税。The members of the inspection team carrying out prescribed activities pursuant to this Convention shall be accorded the exemption from dues and taxes accorded to diplomatic agents pursuant to Article 34 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. 1, 3-二(2-氯乙硫基)正丙烷1,3-Bis (2-chloroethylthio)-n-propane 1, 4-二(2-氯乙硫基)正丁烷1,4-Bis (2-chloroethylthio)-n-butane 1, 5-二(2-氯乙硫基)正戊烷1,5-Bis (2-chloroethylthio)-n-pentane 1925年《日内瓦议定书》规定的义务obligations assumed under the Geneva Protocol of 1925 2,2-二苯基-2-羟基乙酸2,2-Diphenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid 2-氯乙基氯甲基硫醚2-Chloroethylchloromethylsulfide atmospheric storage tank BZ:二苯乙醇酸-3-奎宁环酯BZ: 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate DCS(分散控制系统、集散控制系统) distributed control system DF:甲基膦酰二氟DF: Methylphosphonyldifluoride flash drum HN1:N, N-二(2-氯乙基)乙胺HN1: Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine HN2:N, N-二(2-氯乙基)甲胺HN2: Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine HN3:三(2-氯乙基)胺HN3: Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine O形环O-ring PFIB: 1,1,3,3,3 - 五氟-2-三氟甲基-1-丙烯PFIB:1,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene pump (for firefighting water) QL:甲基亚膦酸乙基-2-二异丙氨基乙酯QL O-Ethyl O-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonite slide valve U-V组合坡口combination U and V groove U形螺栓U-bolt U形弯管“U” bend VX(甲基硫代膦酸乙基-S-2-二异丙氨基乙酯)VX (O-Ethyl -2-diisopropylaminoethyl methyl phosphonothiolate) V形坡口V groove V型混合机V-type mixer X形坡口double V groove Y型粗滤器Y-type strainer γ射线照相Gamma radiography 安(培)Ampere (A) 安瓶ampule 安全safety 安全标志safety mark 安全等级safety class 安全防护装置safety protection device 安全连锁safety interlock (SI) 安全喷淋洗眼器safe spray eye wash 安全设施safety device 安全完整性等级safety integrity level (SIL) 安全卫生safety & health 安全系数margin of safety; safety coefficient; safety factor; coefficient of safety 安全仪表系统safety instrumented system (SIS) 安全照明safety lighting 安慰剂dummy drug ?他们对第二组用了安慰剂(无任何作用的药)。For the second group they used dummy drug. 安装erection; installation 氨氮ammonia-nitrogen (NH4+-N) 氨分离器ammonia separator 氨分缩器ammonia partial condenser 氨解ammonolysis 氨冷冻剂ammonia refrigerant 氨冷凝器ammonia condenser 氨冷器ammonia chiller 氨气ammonia gas 氨收集器ammonia accumulator 氨树脂amino resin 氨吸收制冷ammonia absorption refrigeration 鞍座saddle ?固定鞍座fixed saddle ?滑动鞍座sliding saddle 按国际惯例in line (accordance) with internationally accepted practices; compatible with established international practices; in accordance with international practice 胺吸磷:硫代磷酸二乙基-S-2-二乙氨基乙酯及相应烷基化盐或质子化盐Amiton: O,O-Diethyl S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] Phosphorothiolate and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts 奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel 板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 板式输送机slat type conveyor 半成品semi-manufactured goods; semi- finished products; semi-finished goods semi-processed goods 半径radius (R) 半模拟盘(屏)semi-graphic panel 半贫液semi-lean solution 半衰期half-life; half-life period 半自动程序控制器semi-automatic sequence controller 1

有机化学常用词缀及单词

有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀 acetal 醛缩醇 acetal- 乙酰 acid 酸 -al 醛 alcohol 醇 -aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱 allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)] alkoxy- 烷氧基 -amide 酰胺 amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒 -amine 胺 -ane 烷 anhydride 酐 anilino- 苯胺基 aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶 -ate 含氧酸的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔 azo- 偶氮 benzene 苯 bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐 bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴 butyl 丁基 -carbinol 甲醇 carbonyl 羰基 -carboxylic acid 羧酸 centi- 10-2 chloro- 氯代 cis- 顺式 condensed 缩合的、冷凝的 cyclo- 环 deca- 十 deci 10-1 -dine 啶 dodeca- 十二

-ene 烯 epi- 表 epoxy- 环氧 -ester 酯 -ether 醚 ethoxy- 乙氧基 ethyl 乙基 fluoro- 氟代 form 仿 -glycol 二醇 hemi- 半 hendeca- 十一 hepta- 七 heptadeca- 十七 hexa- 六 hexadeca- 十六 -hydrin 醇 hydro- 氢或水 hydroxyl 羟基 hypo- 低级的,次 hyper- 高级的,高 -ic 酸的,高价金属 -ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰 -imine 亚胺 iodine 碘 iodo- 碘代 iso- 异,等,同 -ite 亚酸盐 keto- 酮 ketone 酮 -lactone 内酯 mega- 106 meta- 间,偏 methoxy- 甲氧基 methyl 甲基

化学专业英语词汇资料

化学专业英语复习题

1.构成原子最重要的的粒子是质子,中子和电子,原子的质量是由核中质子和中子数近似确定的: The most important constitute atomic particles are protons, neutrons and electrons. The total mass of an atom is determined. Very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. 2、在元素周期表中,元素的性质是随着原子数周期性变化的,每个周期以活泼的金属元素开始,活泼的非金属结束。从左到右,非金属性逐渐增强,金属性逐渐减弱。 In the periodic table ,the nature of elements changed cyclically with atomic number ,each period begins with a very reactive metal right ,elements show decreasing metallic character and increasing metallic character . 3.当需要在一个官能团化合物的某一个活性选择性的进行反应时,其他活性基团暂时性的被保护起来。很多保护基已经或正在发展用于这个目的。 When a chemical reaction is to be carried out selectively at one reactive site in a multifunctional compound, other reactive sites must be temporarily blocked, many protective groups have been, and are being developed for this purpose. 4、常温下,烷烃和浓硫酸,沸硝酸等不发生化学反应。但在光的引发下易发生氯化反应。该反应是一个自由基键反应,包括链引发,链增长,链终止三个步骤。

化学词汇表

SA T II 化学词汇表 Part 1 foundation chemistry 基础化学 Chapter 1 acid 酸 apparatus 仪器,装置 aqueous solution水溶液 arrangement of electrons 电子排列 assumption 假设 atom 原子 atomic mass原子量 atomic number 原子序数 atomic radius原子半径 atomic structure 原子结构 be composed of 由……组成 bombard ment 撞击 boundary 界限 cathode rays 阴极射线 cathode-ray os cilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器ceramic 陶器 charge-clouds 电子云 charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比 chemical behaviour 化学行为 chemical property化学性质 clockwise顺时针方向的 compound 化合物 configuration 构型 copper 铜 correspond to 相似 corrosive 腐蚀 d-block elements d 区元素 deflect 使偏向,使转向 derive from 源于 deuterium (D)氘 diffuse mixture 扩散混合物 distance effect 距离效应? distil 蒸馏 distinguish 区别 distribution 分布 doubly charged(2+) ion正二价离子 dye 染料 effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响electrical charge电荷 electrical field 电场

有机化学术语中英文对照

1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团 官能团functionalgroup 双键doublebond 三键triplebond 烃基hydroxylgroup 琉基mercapto 硫轻基sulfhydrylgroup 羰基carbonylgroup 氨基aminogroup 亚氨基iminogroup 硝基nitrogroup 亚硝基nitrosogroup 氰基cyanogroup 羧基carboxylgroup 磺基sulphogroup 烷基alkylgroup 苯基phenylgroup 卡基benzylgroup 芳基arylgroup 烯基allylgroup 烷氧基alkoxylgroup 酰基acylgroup 活性亚甲基activemethylenegroup 2.有机化合物的类型 烃hydrocarbon 石蜡paraffin 脂肪烃aliphatichydrocarbon 烷烃alkane 烯烃alkene 炔烃alkyne 共扼二烯烃conjugateddiene 脂环烃alicyclichydrocarbon 螺环化合物spirocompound 桥环化合物bridgedringcompound 芳烃aromatichydrocarbon 非苯芳烃nonbenzenoidaromatichydrocarbon 稠环芳烃condensedaromatics 卤代烃halohydrocarbon 醇alcohol 酚phenol 醚ether 环氧化合物epoxide

冠醚crownether 硫醇thiol 硫酚thiophenol 硫醚sulfide 二硫化物disulfide 亚磺酸sulfinicacid 磺酸sulfonicacid 亚砜sulfoxide 砜sulfone 醛aldehyde 酮ketone 半缩醛hemiacetaI 半缩酮hemiketal 缩醛acetal 缩酮ketal 西佛碱shiff'sbase 肟oxime 腙hydrozone 缩氨脲semicarbazone α,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturatedketone 醌quinone 羧酸carboxylicacid 酰卤acidhalide 酸酐acidanhydride 酯ester 酰胺amide 内酯lactone 内酰胺lactam 月青nitrile 取代酸substitutedacid 羟基酸hydroxyacid 醇酸alcoholicacid 酚酸phenolicacid 酮酸ketoacid B-酮酸酯B-ketoneester 乙酰乙酸乙醋ethylacetoacetate 亚硝基化合物nitrosocompound 硝基化合物njtrocompound 亚胺imine 胺amine 伯胺primaryamine 仲胺secondaryamine 叔胺tertiaryamine 季铵盐quaternaryammoniumsalt

(完整版)化学专业英语常用词汇

☆常用: ppm: parts per million ppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen 1. 化合物的命名:规则:金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称 (1)MgCl2 magnesium [m?ɡ’ni:zj ?m] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait] (3)KNO3 potassium[p ?’t?si ?m] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid (5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate 练习: ? FeBr2 ? (NH4)2SO4 ? NH4H2PO4

?KMnO4 ?亚硫酸 ?sulfurous acid ?H2S ?NO 2 有机物命名 ?Hydrocarbon ?{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon} ?Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃) ?{Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)} ?Alcohol 醇 ?Aldehyde 醛 ?Ketone [‘ki:t?un] 酮 ?Carboxylic acid 羧酸 ?Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃) ?{benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌) 无机物中关于数字的写法 mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca- 一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,九,十 有机物中关于数字的写法 meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, 甲乙丙丁戊已 hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly- 庚辛壬葵环聚 练习 ?甲烷乙炔 ?丙酮丁醇 ?戊烷己烯 ?庚醛辛烷 ?2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇

化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(P-Z)3

化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(P-Z)3 reversibility 可逆性 reversible cell 可逆电池 reversible change 可逆变化reversible colloid 可逆胶质reversible electrode 可逆电极reversible engine 可逆机 reversible gel 可逆凝胶 reversible process 可逆过程reversible reaction 可逆反应reversible wave 可逆波 reversion 硫化还原 revivification 复活 revolution counter 转数表 revolvig tubular kiln 管式转炉revolving furnace 旋转炉 revolving screen 旋转筛 reynolds number 雷诺数 rhamnetin 鼠李亭 rhamnose 鼠李糖 rhenate 铼酸盐 rhenium 铼 rhenium compound 铼化合物rhenium dioxide 二氧化铼 rheology 龄学 rheometer 龄仪 rheopexy 震凝 rheostat 变阻器 rhodamine 若丹明 rhodan 硫氰酸氨苯酯 rhodan value 硫氰值 rhodanate 硫氰酸盐 rhodanine 绕丹宁 rhodanizing 镀铑 rhodanometry 硫氰酸盐滴定法rhodate 铑酸盐 rhodinol 玫红醇 rhodium 铑 rhodium chloride 氯化铑 rhodium dioxide 二氧化铑 rhodium hydroxide 氢氧化铑rhodium nitrate 硝酸铑rhodochrosite 菱锰矿

化学词汇组词规律

英语化学词汇的组词规律 1.化学元素(Chemical elements) A—音译transliteration 锂lithium 镁magnesium 硒selenium 氦helium 锰manganese 钡barium 氟fluorine 钛titanium 铀uranium 氖neon 镍nickel 钙calcium B—意译transcribe or free translation 氧铝溴 氢hydrogen 硅silicon 钾potassium 碳carbon 磷phosphorus 汞mercury 氮nitrogen 硫sulphur(sulfur) 钠sodium C—意音兼译translation by meaning and pronunciation 碘iodine 氯chlorine 砷arsenic 2.化学基团chemical groups 各种元素element的原子atom组合成分子molecule,按性质可以把分子分为不同的原子团radicle,分子中这些具有相对独特性质的原子团,称为官能团functional group,或范围更广一点,称作化学基团chemical group. propylene 丁/四butyl butane butanol butylene butyne butanone 戊/五pentyl pentane pentanol pentylene戊二烯 pentene 戊烯 pentyne pentanone 己/六hexyl hexane hexanol hexylene hexyne hexanone 庚/七heptyl heptane heptanol heptylene heptyne heptanone 辛/八octyl octane octanol octylene octyne octanone 壬/九nonyl nonane nonanol nonylene nonyne nonanone 癸/十decatyl decane decanol decylene decyne decanone 说明:-ol表示醇羟基,-an与烷有关,表示是饱和状态,-en与烯有关,有不饱和的意义,相应的饱和状态的羟基即醇-anol,不饱和状态的羟基即酚-enol。在结构较为复杂的醇类化合物中,常常只用-ol;酮-one是相当于用氧o替换了烯-ene中的一个碳,二者均为不饱和结构。 ether(醚),ester(酯),只要在化学基后加上这两个词,就获得了两组英文词。例如:甲醚methyl ether,甲酯methyl ester。 3.化合物类别及化学官能团Classes of compounds and functional groups 化合物类别 烃hydrocarbon 酚hydroxybenzene/phenol 胺amine 烷alkane 醚ether 亚胺imine 烯alkene 酮ketone 腈nitrile 炔alkyne 醛aldehyde 亚砜sulfoxide 苯benzene 酸acid 砜sulfone 醇alcohol 酐anhydride 碱alkali/base 官能团 烷基alkyl 羟基hydroxyl 羰基carbonyl

有机化学专业英语词汇(精)

有机化学专业英语词汇(精) acetal 醛缩醇 acetal- 乙酰 acid 酸 -al 醛 alcohol 醇 -aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱 allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)] alkoxy- 烷氧基 -amide 酰胺 amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒 -amine 胺 -ane 烷 anhydride 酐 anilino- 苯胺基 aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶 -ate 含氧酸的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔 azo- 偶氮 benzene 苯 bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐 bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴 butyl 丁基 -carbinol 甲醇 carbonyl 羰基 -carboxylic acid 羧酸 centi- 10-2 chloro- 氯代 cis- 顺式 condensed 缩合的、冷凝的 cyclo- 环 deca- 十 deci 10-1 -dine 啶 dodeca- 十二-ene 烯 epi- 表 epoxy- 环氧 -ester 酯 -ether 醚 ethoxy- 乙氧基 ethyl 乙基 fluoro- 氟代 form 仿 -glycol 二醇 hemi- 半 hendeca- 十一 hepta- 七 heptadeca- 十七 hexa- 六 hexadeca- 十六 -hydrin 醇 hydro- 氢或水 hydroxyl 羟基 hypo- 低级的,次 hyper- 高级的,高 -ic 酸的,高价金属 -ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰 -imine 亚胺 iodine 碘 iodo- 碘代 iso- 异,等,同 -ite 亚酸盐 keto- 酮 ketone 酮 -lactone 内酯 mega- 106 meta- 间,偏 methoxy- 甲氧基 methyl 甲基

(完整版)化工常用英语词汇

化工专业英语词汇 化学专业课程中英文对照 一、化工装置常用词汇 一概论 introduction 方案(建议书) proposal 可行性研究 feasibility study 方案设计 concept design 工艺设计 process design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 开工会议 kick-off meeting 审核会议 review meeting 外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资 joint venture 中外合营 joint venture 补偿贸易 compensation trade 合同合同附件 contract 卖方 vendor 买方 buyer 顾客 client 承包商 contractor 工程公司 company 供应范围 scope of supply 生产范围 production scope 生产能力 production capacity 项目 project 界区 battery limit

装置 plant 公用工程 utilities 工艺流程图 process flow diagram 工艺流程方块图 process block diagram 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram 蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout 设备表 equipment list 成品(产品) product(final product) 副产品 by-product 原料 raw-material 设计基础数据 basic data for design 技术数据 technical data 数据表 data sheet 设计文件 design document 设计规定 design regulation 现场服务 site service 项目变更 project change 用户变更 client change 消耗定额 consumption quota 技术转让 technical transfer 技术知识 technical know-how technical knowledge 技术保证 technical guarantee 咨询服务 consultative services 技术服务 technical services 工作地点 location 施工现场 construction field 报价 quotation

化学化工相关词汇整理

表2-1 中英文对照

CC

表8-1 中英文对照 常用玻璃仪器英文表示 adapter 接液管广口瓶air condenser 空气冷凝管beaker 烧杯boiling flask 烧瓶 boiling flask-3-neck 三口烧瓶burette clamp 滴定管夹 burette stand 滴定架台Busher funnel 布氏漏斗Claisen distilling head 减压蒸馏头 condenser-Allihn type 球型冷凝管 condenser-west tube 直型冷凝管

crucible tongs 坩埚钳 crucible with cover 带盖的坩埚distilling head 蒸馏头 distilling tube 蒸馏管 Erlenmeyer flask 锥型瓶evaporating dish (porcelain) 瓷蒸发皿filter flask(suction flask) 抽滤瓶florence flask 平底烧瓶fractionating column 分馏柱 Geiser burette (stopcock) 酸氏滴定管graduated cylinder 量筒 Hirsch funnel 赫氏漏斗 long-stem funnel 长颈漏斗medicine dropper 滴管 Mohr burette for use with pinchcock 碱氏滴定管 Mohr measuring pipette 量液管mortar 研钵 pestle 研杵 pinch clamp 弹簧节流夹 plastic squeeze bottle 塑料洗瓶reducing bush 大变小转换接头rubber pipette bulb 吸耳球 screw clamp 螺旋夹 separatory funnel 分液漏斗stemless funnel 无颈漏斗 test tube holder 试管夹 test tube 试管 Thiele melting point tube 提勒熔点管transfer pipette 移液管 tripod 三角架 volumetric flask 容量瓶 watch glass 表皿 wide-mouth bottle 广口瓶 【分享】有机物英语单词后缀表 有机物英语单词后缀表 -acetal 缩醇 acid 酸 -al 醛 alcohol 醇 -aldehyde 醛 -aldechydic acid 醛酸

有机化学专业英语词汇(精)

有机化学专业英语词汇(精)

有机化学专业英语词汇 ( 精) acetal 醛缩醇 acetal- 乙酰 acid 酸 -al 醛 alcohol 醇 -aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱 allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl ( 丙烯基 )] alkoxy- 烷氧 基 -amide 酰胺 amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒 -amine 胺 -ane 烷 anhydride 酐 anilino- 苯胺基 aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶 -ate 含氧酸 的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔 azo- 偶氮 benzene 苯 bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐 bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴 butyl 丁 基 iso- 异,等,同 -ite keto- 酮 ketone 酮 -lactone 内酯 6 mega- 10 meta- 间, 氧 基 methyl 甲基 亚酸盐 methoxy- 甲 -carbinol 甲醇 carbonyl 羰基 -carboxylic acid 羧酸 -2 centi- 10 -2 chloro- 氯 代 cis- 顺式 condensed 缩合的、 冷凝的 cyclo- 环 deca- 十 deci 10 -1 -dine 啶 dodeca- 十二 -ene 烯 epi- 表 epoxy- 环氧 -ester 酯 -ether 醚 ethoxy- 乙氧基 ethyl 乙基 fluoro- 氟代 form 仿 -glycol 二醇 hemi- 半 hendeca- 十一 hepta- 七 heptadeca- 十七 hexa- 六 hexadeca- 十六 -hydrin 醇 hydro- 氢或水 hydroxyl 羟基 hypo- 低级 的,次 hyper- 高级的,高 -ic 酸的,高价金属 -ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替 胺,酐 -il 偶酰 -imine 亚胺 iodine 碘 iodo- 碘代

化学专业 英语单词

Chemistry Summer Holidays Homework for Future Freshmen of High school Class: __________________________ Chinese Name:______________________ English Name:______________________ Beijing#80 High School International Department

Introduction to Chemistry 化学入门 Definition:Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany there processes. (化学的定义:化学是研究物质的组成,结构,性质,物质发生的变化,以及变化过程中涉及的能量变化。) Branches of Chemistry: Organic Chemistry;Inorganic Chemistry;Physical Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry; Biochemistry; Theoretical chemistry (化学的分支:有机化学;无机化学;物理化学;分析化学;生物化学;理论化学)

Day 1 【Task】Please put the Chinese name into the suitable chapter. Vocabulary about chapter name. 章节名称词汇 (----What may we study about chemistry in the first year? 高一可能涉及哪些化学知识?) 物质和变化;原子:构建物质的基本单元;酸和碱;氧化还原反应;气体; 化学键;原子中的电子排布;称量和计算;有机化学;反应能量;元素周期律;化学方程式和化学反应;化学平衡;化学反应动力学;化学计量学; 化学式和化学物质;物质的状态;生物化学;电化学;滴定与pH值; 水溶液中离子和稀溶液的依数性;溶液; Chapter 1 Matter and Change ( ) Chapter 2 Measurement and Calculation ( ) Chapter 3 Atom-Building Block of Matter ( ) Chapter 4 Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms( ) Chapter 5 The periodic Law ( ) Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding ( ) Chapter 7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds ( ) Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and Reactions ( ) Chapter 9 Stoichiometry ( ) Chapter 10 States of Matter ( ) Chapter 11 Gas ( ) Chapter 12 Solution ( ) Chapter 13 ions in Aqueous Solution and colligative Properties ( ) Chapter 14 Acid and Base ( ) Chapter 15 Acid-Base Titration and pH ( ) Chapter 16 Reaction Energy ( ) Chapter 17 Reaction Kinetics ( ) Chapter 18 Chemical Equilibrium ( ) Chapter 19 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions ( ) Chapter 20 Electrochemistry ( ) Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry ( ) Chapter 23 Biology Chemistry ( )

化学专业英语考试词汇表.

Applied Chemistry (1000 specialized English Words) A aberration n. 偏差 ablation n. 脱落,消融 abscissa n. 横坐标 *absorbance n. 吸收率 absorption n. 吸收 absorption coefficient n.吸收系数 *abstract vt. 提取 accommodation n.容纳性 *accuracy n. 精度 *acetamide n. 乙酰胺 acetic acid n.醋酸 acetophanone n. 乙酰苯,苯乙酮 *acetylene n.乙炔 acetyl-salicylic acid n. 乙酰水杨酸achiral a.非手性的 actinium n.锕 actinide n. 锕系元素 *activation n.活化 *addition n. 加成反应 adiabat n. 绝热线 adipic acid n. 己二酸 aerobe n. 需氧微生物 *affinity n. 亲和力 alchemy n. 炼金术 *alcohol n. 醇 *aldehyde n. 醛, 乙醛 algebra n. 代数学 *aliphatic a. 脂肪族 *alkali n. 碱 *alkane n. 烷烃 *alkene n. 稀烃 *alkoxy n. 烷氧基 alkyl n. 烷基 alkylation n. 烷基化反应alkylbenzene烷基苯 alkyne 炔烃 allowance n. 允许(量),许可(量)alphabetical a. 以字母顺序的 *aluminum n. 铝 aluminosilicate n. 铝硅酸盐 amalgam n. 汞齐 ambient a. 周围的 americium n. 镅 amide n. 酰胺,氨基化合物aminoethane n. 乙胺 *ammonia n. 氨水 *ammonium n. 胺 amphiphile n. 两亲物,亲水脂分子amplitude n.广大,充足,振幅 amylase n. 淀粉酶 anaerobe n. 厌氧微生物 analogue n. 类似物 angstrom n. 埃 anharmonicity n. 非协性 anhydride n. 酐 *aniline n. 苯胺 *anion n. 阴离子 anti- 对位交叉,反式 antiknock n; a. 防爆(的),抗爆(的)antimony n. 锑 antiperspirant n. 抗汗剂 apatite n. 磷石灰 *apparatus n. 设备 appreciable a. 明显的,可察觉的aqueous a. 水的 aquchlorochromium n. 水合氯化铬 *aromatic a. 芳香烃的 argon n. 氩 arrangement n.排列方式 arsenic n. 砷, a. 含砷的 *aryl n. 芳基 assimilate vt. 吸收, vi. 被吸收,同化assumption n. 假定,推测 astatine n. 砹 asymmetric a. 非对称的,不匀称的,不均匀的 atomism n. 原子学说 axially ad. 轴对称地 *azeotrope n.共沸物 B bacteriological a.细菌学的 barium n. 钡 batch n. 一批,大量 batchwise a.成批的 *benzene n.苯 benzoyl n.苯甲酰 berkelium n. 锫 bicarbonate n.重碳酸盐 bilayer n. 双分子层

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