新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类(总61页)
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新课标高考英语重点语法范例
第一周派生词
在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外，新考纲要求考生掌握 3 000多个英语单词。因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。
一、名词后缀
1．动词＋-ion/-tion /-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)
correct v．改正；纠正correction n．改正
celebrate v．庆祝celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会
conclude v．完成；结束conclusion n．结论；结束
2．动词＋-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)
drive v．驾驶开车；驱赶driver n．司机；驾驶员
gather v．聚集；采集gatherer n．收集者；采集者
conduct v．指挥；管理conductor n．指挥；售票员
3．动词＋-ment→名词
punish v．惩罚punishment n．惩罚
4．动词/形容词＋-th→名词
warm adj.温暖的warmth n．温暖
grow v．生长growth n．生长
5．形容词＋-y→名词
difficult adj.困难的difficulty n．困难
honest adj.诚实的honesty n．诚实
6．形容词＋-ness→名词
kind adj.善良的kindness n．善良
7．动词＋-ance→名词
annoy vt.使烦恼annoyance n．生气；烦恼
8．-ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)
member n．成员；会员membership n．会员资格
professor n．教授professorship n．教授身份
9．-ing结尾的名词
garden n．花园gardening n．园艺
greet v．打招呼；问候greetings n．问候
[针对训练]
语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)
A
From the (express) on Mary’s face, he knew he left a bad (impress) on her and if she won the (elect) to become chairman of the Environment (organize), he could not get her (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got (inspire) from his wife’s , he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear, you are really a wonderful (help)！I’m sure I will be the (win) of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.
B
It was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United (earn) could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave (bear) to their second daughter, they could not afford enough nutrition , poor nutrition caused the (die) of the poor (lonely) was another problem because they had no (relate) or friends to his (brave) and (persevere), he managed to gain the (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. settlement (settle)．He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to (happy) and success.
二、形容词后缀
1．常见形容词后缀
(1)名词＋-al→形容词(表示“有……属性”，“与……有关”)
agriculture n．农业agricultural adj.农业的
(2)动词＋-ive→形容词
decide v．决定；下决心decisive adj.决定性的；关键的
(3)动词＋-able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)
change v．变化；兑换
changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的
(4)名词＋-ful→形容词
care n．小心；关心careful adj.小心的；仔细的
(5)名词＋-less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)
care n. 小心；关心careless adj.粗心的
(6)名词＋-ly→形容词
friend n．朋友friendly adj.友好的
(7)名词＋-y→形容词
dirt n．污物；脏物dirty adj.脏的
(8)名词＋-ous→形容词
danger n．危险dangerous adj.危险的
2．复合形容词的构成
(1)形容词＋-ing分词easy-going随和的
(2)形容词＋名词＋-ed kind-hearted善良的；好心的
(3)名词＋-ed分词water-covered被水覆盖的
(4)副词＋-ed分词well-written写得好的
(5)数词＋名词＋-ed three-legged三条腿的
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线单词的意思
1．It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck — of fate, really.(2012·四川高考阅读C) ( )
2．The good working condition in this city is attractive.( )
3．You can rely on him because he is reliable.( )
4．Her words struck fear into her heart so that she was sleepless all night long, afraid of being killed unexpectedly some day.( )
5．It was a frosty cold morning when he set off for the remote village.( )
答案：1.不可思议的；难以置信的 2.吸引人的 3.可依赖的；靠得住的 4.没有睡觉的；不眠的5.有霜的
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A：用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文
Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is (communicate)．She is (act) in answering the teachers’questions and from time to time her classmates find her answers quite (impress) and (accept). Of course, not every student likes her, but she has many friends who think Lucy is a (create) and (help) example, she once led a 7. homeless (home) child to her home and made the child her younger , she spent (count) hours caring for a sick neighbor until she was well is (friend) to those who have difficulty with their in all, Lucy is the most (fame) girl in her school.
B：运用所学构词知识完成下列短文
Our journey was far-reaching amongst snow-covered/capped(雪封的) mountains where no English-speaking (说英语的) people local people are good-looking (相貌好看的), easy-going (随和的) and hard-working (勤劳的)．Our hostess was old-aged (年老的)，white-h aired (白发苍苍的) and sun-burnt(被太阳晒伤的)．She gave me home-made(自家做的) yaks milk cake,
looking self-satisfied (自足的) as I enjoyed this rare treat although very well-known (著名) and wide-spread (广泛流传) around was exhausted when I fell into the ready-made (准备好了的) bed she prepared for me.
三、动词词缀
1．前缀-en＋形容词→动词
enrich v．丰富enlarge v．变大；增大；扩大
2．形容词＋-en→动词
shorten v．缩短widen v．加宽
3．-fy结尾的动词
simplify v．简化classify v．归类
4．-ize结尾的动词
realize v．认识到popularize v．普及
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线部分的意思
1．Extracurricular activities enable the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.( )
2．The two countries are trying their best to normalize_their_relationship.( )
think that studying abroad can broaden_their_horizons.( )
4．You will horrify the baby if you speak too loudly.( )
答案：1.使能够 2.使关系正常化 3.拓宽视野 4.使惊惧
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．Try your best to memorize (memory) these new words.
2．The question must be simplified (simple) so that we can find out a solution to it.
3．It costs a lot of money if we plan to purify (pure) the waste water.
4．He quickened (quick) his steps to arrive home earlier.
5．You can enlarge (large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.
四、否定词缀
1．表示否定意义的前缀
un-不，非unable不能够unlucky 不幸的
dis-不，非dishonest不诚实的discontinuous 不连贯的
in-不，非inactive不活跃的incorrect 不正确的
im-不，非impatient不耐烦的impossible不可能的
ir-不，非irregular 不规则的irresponsible不负责任的
il-不，非illogical 不合逻辑的illegal 非法的
non-不，非nonexistent不存在的nonstop 直达的；连续不断的
mis-错误mislead 误导misunderstand 误解
dis-＋动词(意义相反) dislike不喜欢disagree 不同意
un-＋动词(意义相反) uncover 揭开undress 脱衣服
2．表示否定意义的后缀
名词＋-less→否定意义的形容词
use n. 用处；用途useless adj.无用的
hope n. 希望hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的
home n．家homeless adj.无家可归的
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.阅读下列短文，写出画线单词的意思
A was that the high temperature caused the big , Miss Wang knew it was not the true she insisted that the government should make the truth known to the Miss Wang knew that her appeal was ,_ she felt rather decided to the truth: it was human errors that were to blame for the terrible wanted to tell the public about the coldness of some believed that the truth must be now.
1．____________
4．____________
答案：1.错误观念 2.驳回；不准许 3.失望的；沮丧的
4．揭露 5.揭露；揭发
Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)
The speech seemed to be (stop) and the listeners became very (patient)．When the speaker said that oil was -renewabl e (renew) and that the best way to solve the problem was not to make cars and buses to force people to go to work or school on foot, the audience thought it was (practice) and (bear) to listen to him any (believe) that the world would go smoothly without these modern also thought that the speaker was (responsible) to make such a statement without thinking it carefully and his speech would cause some (understand)．So most of the listeners chose to leave, shouting loudly and angrily.
五、正确使用派生词
1．动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。如果所给单词是其他词类，就要将其改为名词，并注意名词数的变化。
(1)Do you know the depth (deep) of the river
(2)His carelessness (careful) resulted in the terrible accident.
(3)He is one of the scientists (science) who support this theory.
2．动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词。所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式。如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式。如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词形式。此外，如果所给动词有名词形式，就要看其后有无宾语。如果后有宾语，用动名词形式；后无宾语，则用名词形式。
(1)Please pay attention (attend) to your handwriting.
动词attend本身有名词形式attention, 所以不用动名词attending。
(2)His arrival (arrive) made the situation worse.
动词arrive本身有名词形式arrival, 所以不用动名词arriving。
(3)The teacher was angry at my coming (come) late.
动词come没有名词，所以用动名词coming。
(4)Thank you for your help (help)．
Thank you for helping (help) me.
(5)I was happy because of his appreciation (appreciate)．
I was happy because of his appreciating (appreciate) my speech.
上面两组句子中，helping与appreciating后都带有宾语，故用动名词。help与appreciation后没有宾语，故用名词形式。
3．动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时，还要考虑副词级的变化。
(1)The boy ran quickly (quick) to school.
(2)“What’s that” Father shouted angrily (angry)．
(3)The little girl is extremely (extreme) eager to know the result of the exam.
(4)Your composition is badly (bad) do your writing exercise more attentively (attend) next time.
(5)You’re driving too fast. Can you drive a bit more slowly (slow)
4．名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语。如果所需词为形容词时，还要考虑形容词级的变化。
(1) What’s the widest (width) river in the world
(2)The stronger (strength) we become, the more modest we should be.
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．Mary was very sad at the news, so she looked sadly at her husband, her eyes full of sadness.(sad)
2．He played football very well and he was one of the best players in yesterday’s
football match.(play)
3．Look！How happily Kate is laughing！She seems to be the happiest girl in the world.(happy)
4．To our satisfaction,_ the headmaster was very satisfied with our report.(satisfy)
5．Edison was a great his life he had many inventions.(invent)
6．I should simplify my task and make it simpler/simple to finish it.(simple)
7．The boy having the appearance of being half starved disappeared,_ never to be seen again.(appear)
8．The police discovered the pot and uncovered a plot against the President.(cover)
9．You are so kind to help me. Thank you for your kindness.(kindly)
10．Everything is becoming more_expensive than before and many college students had to work to make some money for their college expenses.(expend)
Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)
A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private (safety)．
They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building (equip) to dig holes and destroy walls on Saturday tied up a (secure) guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank.
One (investigate) described the (rob) as a “ (profession) job”．The robbers came in at about 22：00 on Saturday and left at 7：00 on entered through the basements of the (neighbour) building, digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80cm thick to get into the bank, which was having building works at the time.
When they left, the robbers set the place on fire to (move) any trace of evidence, switching on the anti-fire system and flooding the (fortune), the guard escaped (harm)．It is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the bank’s clients (储户) know the content of their private safes.
第二周动词的时态和语态
一、动词的时态
1．一般现在时
(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常用often, usually, every day等时间状语。
Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.(2013·北京高考)
On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.(2013·陕西高考)
(2)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象，无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。
“Life is like walking in the snow，”Granny used to say，“because every step shows.”(2012·新课标全国卷)
—So what is the procedure
—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.(2013·北京高考)
(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。
My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.
(4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。
The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.
2．一般过去时
(1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；用于表示
过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。
I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.(2013·新课标全国
卷Ⅱ)
Michael’s father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
(2)注意句型：was/were about to do ... when ...中when后从句的动词用过去式。
I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
3．现在完成时
常用的时间状语有：so far, recently, lately, once/twice/three ...times, before, ever, by now, in the last/past few years, over a long time, up to now, yet, already, just, since等。主要用于以下几种情况：
(1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
—Look! Somebody has cleaned the sofa.
—Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.(2012·江西高考)
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
They have been good friends since they met at a meeting.
Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.(2013·北京高考)
(3)下列句型中常用现在完成时。
①It is (has been)＋一段时间＋since从句
This (That/It) is the first (second ...) time＋that从句
This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.(2009·陕西高考)
②在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
—When shall we restart our business
—Not until we have finished our plan.(2010·四川高考)
4．过去完成时
(1)过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去。常与for, since等构成的时间状语连用。
He was unhappy when he sold his all, he had had it for a very long time.(2013·辽宁高考) We first met on a train in both felt immediately that we had known each other for years.
(2)有些动词有时用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。这类动词常见的有：hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose, want, think等。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.
(3)在特殊句式hardly/scarcely ...when ...; no sooner ...than ...中，主句常用过去完成时，该句式意为“一……就……；刚……就……”。
Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.
5．将来完成时
将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。
—I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.
—I know. By next month, he will have saved enough for a used one.(2012·上海高考)
6．现在进行时
表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go, come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时。
You are always studying in the not have a picnic this afternoon
7．过去进行时
(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。
—Did you catch what I said
—Sorry. I was answering a text message just now.(2012·四川高考)
—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre
—No, I was doing my homework all day yesterday.(2010·新课标全国卷)
(2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行，其中的持续性动作用过去进行时，短暂性动作用一般过去时。
—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I’m so sorry. But I was doing my homework.(2013·湖南高考)
8．现在完成进行时
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且现在还在进行。
The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.(2013·福建高考)
(2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。
Where have you beenWe have been looking for you everywhere.
9．将来进行时
将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow。
—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon
—I’m sorry, but by then I will be flying to Beijing. How about five(2012·陕西高考)
二、动词的语态
英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
做有关被动语态的题目可以分两步走：第一步确定正确的时态，第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系则用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。
被动语态的构成(以write为例)
时间一般时态进行时态完成时态
现在am/is/are written am/is/are being
written
has/have been
written
过去was/were written was/were being
written
had been written
将来shall/will be written
＋过去分词表被动
They got married last week.
He fell and got hurt.
2．主动形式表被动意义
(1)系动词look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem, appear, go, prove, turn等＋形容词/名词。
The dish tastes delicious.
His plan proved (to be) practical.
(2)表示主语的某种属性的词：read, write, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, shut等，其主语往往是物。
—What about the books
—Books of this kind sell well.
The door won’t open.
The pen writes smoothly.
(3)be worth后常接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting.
(4)need, want, require, deserve等动词后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
Most house plants require regular watering.
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．(2013·安徽高考) I’m calling about the apartment you advertised (advertise) the other you tell me more about it
2．(2013·北京高考)—Do you think Mom and Dad will_be (be) late
—No, Swiss Air is usually on time.
3．(2013·北京高考)Hurry up! Mark and Carol are_expecting (expect) us.
4．(2013·湖南高考)“What do you want to be” asked .“Oh，I will_be (be) president，”said the boy, with a smile.
5．(2013·湖南高考)Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her somewhat bothers (bother) us.
6．(2013·湖南高考)If nothing is_done (do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
7．(2013·湖南高考)—Have you heard about the recent election
—Sure, it has_been (be) the only thing on the news for the last three days.
8．(2013·江苏高考)Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others is (be) essential to their development.
9．(2013·江苏高考)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning
— will_be_writing (write) a report at home.
10．(2013·江苏高考)“Never for a second，” the boy says, “did (do) I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”
11．(2013·江苏高考)—What about your self-drive trip yesterday
—Tiring! The road is being widened, and we had (have) a rough ride.
12．(2013·江西高考)I was_coming (come) to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.
13．(2013·辽宁高考)At no time did (do) they actually break the rules of the was unfair to punish them.
14．(2013·辽宁高考)We are confident that the environment will_be_improved (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
15．(2013·山东高考)I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it was (be) pretty good.
16．(2013·陕西高考)Jim was_watching (watch) a late-night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.
17．(2013·上海高考)Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he had_left (leave) his key at school.
18．(2013·上海高考)The school board is made up of parents who have_been_elected(elect) to make decisions about school affairs.
19．(2013·四川高考)Hurry up, kids! The school bus is_waiting (wait) for us!
20．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)We were_leaving (leave) very early so we packed the night before.
21．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)If we don’t_act (not act) now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it.
22．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I have_changed (change) my mind.
23．(2013·浙江高考)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in
physical fitness programs has_increased (increase) sharply.
24．(2013·重庆高考)I felt very tired when I got home, and I went (go) straight to bed.
25．(2013·重庆高考)A Midsummer Night’s Dream opens(open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.
Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)
A
It was getting dark when I (get) was cold and I (wear) a walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key, but I couldn’t find suddenly remembered that I (leave) it on my desk in the really didn’t make any knew my wife (be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I (knock) at the was no (continue) knocking at the door for some (get) I remembered something the office boy (tell) me at said that my wife (phone) saying that she (go) shopping in the afternoon with the seemed that nothing (can do) and I (shut) out of my house.
B
Welcome to our ’d like to introduce plans for our school to you. A lot of work (do) in the past few years. The library (complete) and is ready for we’ll still have to do more new biology lab (build) this we don’t have enough money for the equipment. Students in all grades (collect) money which is collected (spend) on new present, a plan (make) for
a party at the end of the term, at which wonderful performances (put) on.
The gardens of the school (improve) this trees (plant) which will soon give shade in whole school (paint) during the summer fact, our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
第三周情态动词和虚拟语气
一、情态动词
1．can 和could的用法
(1)表示“能力”。
Even a child can operate the computer, let alone an adult.
(2)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。
How could you do such a silly thing
(3)表示可能。
It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.
(4)cannot ... too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好”。
I can’t thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.(2012·陕西高考)
2．may和might的用法
(1)may和might表示“许可、可能性、祝愿”等意义。
①在给予别人许可时，常用can，但有时也用may。不能用might。
—May I take the book out
—I’m afraid not.(2010·四川高考)
②“may as well＋动词原形”意为“最好；倒不如”。
We may as well stay where we are.
(2)may作“可以”讲时，其否定式常用“mustn’t”表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“needn’t”，表示“不必”。
—May I take this book out of the reading room
—No, you mustn’t. You read it in here.(2010·陕西高考)
3．must的用法
(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。
The new law states that people mustn’t drive after drinking alcohol.(2012·上海高考)
(2)表示“偏执；固执”。
If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.(2011·辽宁高考)
4．shall的用法
(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
—What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow, sir
—I haven’t decided on the I will call you.
(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
No driving electric motor bikes in some areas is a rule that you shall obey in Fuzhou.
5．will和would的用法
作情态动词的will, would与作助动词的will, would的各种形式相同。
(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。
—Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.
—Sure. I will.(2012·四川高考)
—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night
—I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.(2011·重庆高考)
(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。
Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
(3)would 可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we would often go to the cinema together.
6．情态动词＋have＋过去分词
(1)can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中can’t have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。
—Do you know where David isI couldn’t find him anywhere.
— can’t have gone far — his coat’s still here.
I could have saved the poor rabbit, but I didn’t have the right drugs with me at that moment.
(2)may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。
Sorry, I’m might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
(3)must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定；想必”，语气十分肯定。
Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.(2010·安徽高考)
(4)should have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldn’t have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。
I shouldn’t have watched that movie — it’ll give me horrible dreams.(2010·山东高考)
(5)ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法与should相同，也往往含有责备的意味。
You ought to have come to the party yesterday, but why didn’t you come
(6)needn’t have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。
Mark needn’t have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.(2010·天津高考)
二、虚拟语气
1．非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法
if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式
表示现在情动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might＋动词原
We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn’t offered us a ride home.(2012·天津高考)
If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, we would take photos.
[名师指津] 若条件句中有were, had, should, 可把if省略，而把were, had, should放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。
Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.(2010·浙江高考)
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.
2．错综时间虚拟条件句
If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now.(从句指过去，主句指现在)
3．含蓄虚拟语气
有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表达，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导。
I was so busy then, otherwise I would have gone to help him.
I would have come sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.(2011·天津高考)
4．某些从句中虚拟语气的用法
(1)表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等含义的动词后宾语从句和同位语从句时用虚拟语气，形式为：(should＋)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist坚决要求，prefer宁愿，urge主张，order命令，recommend 劝告；建议，request要求，require要求，suggest建议，以及这些词的名词形式。
Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010·福建高考)
(2)wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气。
对现在情况的假设： wish＋主语＋动词过去式(be用were)
对过去情况的假设： wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词
对将来情况的假设： wish＋主语＋would＋动词原形
—How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood
—Next to nothing. I wish I had worked harder at English.
(3)would rather后跟从句时用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。
George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he focused more on its culture.(2010·江苏高考)
(4)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。
It is high time that people learnt/should learn English.
(5)在as if从句中，看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
She talked about it again and again as if she would never end.
(6)if only 引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
Look at the trouble we’re in. If only we had taken our teacher’s advice!
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.在下列各句中填入适当的情态动词
1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Since nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own.
2．(2013·四川高考)—Why are your eyes so red You can’t have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
3．(2013·陕西高考)My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend.
4．(2013·湖南高考)He couldn’t sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
5．(2013·安徽高考)It couldn’t be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
6．(2013·重庆高考)—What are you doing this Saturday
—I’m not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.
7．(2013·江西高考)When I was a child, I could watch TV whenever I wanted to.
8．(2013·北京高考)—You needn’t take an isn’t going to rain.
—Well, I don’t might do.
9．(2013·辽宁高考)Harry is feeling must_have_drunk too much at the party last night.
10．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money.
11．(2012·辽宁高考)One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.
12．(2012·重庆高考)—Must you interrupt now Can’t you see I’m on the phone
—Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.
13．(2012·江苏高考)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but wouldn’t (not) say where he was.
14．(2011·新课标全国卷)They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
15．(2011·江西高考)We needn’t (not) have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
16．—How’s your new babysitter
—We couldn’t (not) ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
17．(2011·陕西高考) I couldn’t (not) have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.
18．(2012·四川高考)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao，” just as I might do in China.
19．(2011·上海高考)I needn’t (not) worry about my weekend — I always have my plans ready before it comes.
20．There shouldn’t (not) be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．(2012·安徽高考)Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were_to_live (live) there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
2．(2012·北京高考)We could_have_faced (face) the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me
3．(2012·辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he did (do) something instead of just talking.
4．(2012·福建高考)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would_have_visited (visit) more places of interest yesterday.
5．(2012·浙江高考)Had they known what was coming next, they might_have_had (have) second thoughts.
6．(2012·北京高考)Don’t handle the vase as if it were (be) made of steel.
7．(2012·湖南高考)Sorry, I am too busy I had (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
8．(2011·北京高考)—Where are the children The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they weren’t (not be) always late.
9．He insisted he (should)_be_sent (send) to the city.
10．His expression suggested that he had_passed (pass) the test.
Ⅲ.语篇填空(用适当的情态动词完成下列短文)
Miss Fang ’t (not) read for very long without getting a mother told her that she go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You see a doctor as soon as possible, ”she said.“You need glasses.”
When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health appointment clerk said that the doctor see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor take you at about ten to four, ” the appointment clerk suggested.
“ I put you down for ten to four, or you rather come tomorrow”
Miss Fang thought she ’t (not) waste any more teacher ’t be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to she replied, “I think I make it at ten to four.”
Miss Fang went to the asked her teacher, “Can I leave at 3：45 todayI have an eye examination.” As expected, the teacher said, “Yes, of course you .”
第四周非谓语动词
一、动词的-ed形式
1．动词-ed形式作状语
(1)动词-ed形式作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。
Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.(2012·北京高考)
Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.(2011·天津高考)
(2)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词(组)常见的有：lost (迷路的), seated (坐), hidden (躲), stationed (驻扎), lost/absorbed in (沉溺于), dressed in (穿着), tired of (感到厌倦)等。
Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.
2．动词-ed形式作定语
动词-ed形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词之间在逻辑上存在被动关系，并表示该动作的被动或完
一、名词 【知识精讲】 名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称的词。 一、名词的数 在熟悉可数名词单数变复数规则的基础上，突出以下几点： 1. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)，如： physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States 2. 抽象名词表示具体或特定的事例时也可作可数名词，单数前面应有不定冠词。如：(1) pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“...的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success. (2) worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等不可数名词，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，可以有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months. (3) a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical
knowledge of computer science. 3. 表示一类事物的总称的名词，不能加-s ，如： machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence 4. 一些名词单数和复数形式表达不同的意思，如： chicken鸡肉/ chickens小鸡; fish鱼肉/ fishes( fish )各种鱼; paper纸/ papers试卷; water水/ waters水域，room空间/ rooms房间 5. 只有复数形式的名词，如： glasses （眼镜）,trousers, clothes，scissors等，注意加单位名词的用法：a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6. 一些名词形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义，如： people , police, cattle, staff, public, the +adj., the + 分词;（表示一类人） 7. 以复数形式出现，表达复数含义，如： belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops 8. 集合名词看成一个整体时，谓语用单数，若侧重各个成员，则用复数，如：audience,class,couple,crowd,family,group,government,public ●The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be. ●My family are going with me. 9. 单复数同形的名词，如： fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works, li（里）, yuan （元）, mu（亩）等 ●How many deer are there in Dafeng now?
高考英语语法总结 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） " 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后 要还原to I 'd like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET 1995） A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C） 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时，指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
动词变名词小结 1.在词尾加er,r ,双写加er 或or: A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ waiter , find _ finder, thrill _ thriller B. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorer dance _ dancer C. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, traval _ travaller D. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor 2. 在词尾加ing: build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning, swim _ swimming，skate _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying, mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing，surf _ surfing, paint _ painting 3.在词尾加ion 或去e加ion: A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production, celebrate _ celebration, pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decoration graduate _ graduation,frustrate - frustration,pollute _ pollution contribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation, educate _ education，organize _ organization, donate _ donation, appreciate _ appreciation，operate _ operation, invite _ invitation
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
高考英语13个语法考点英语语法归纳总结 高中英语离不开语法的学习，无论是英语口语还是英语写作，联系各个词汇之间的就是英语语法。下文小编给大家整理了高考必考的13个英语语法考点，供参考！ ? ?高考英语必考的13个语法考点1、as 句型 ?(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……” ?例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.?正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。 ?(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; ?否定式：not as/so --- as ?例：He is as good a player as his sister. ?他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。 ?(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于…… ?例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said. ?她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。 ?(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于…… ?例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box. ?他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。 ?(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句) ?例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was. ?他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。 ?(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点 高考英语常考必考六个语法知识点 1. 语态和时态 —do you see those people on the little sandy island? —yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. i wonder why. a. were waving b. waved c. had waved d. have been waving 【正确答案】d 【高考考点】考查动词时态。现在完成进行时：表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作，一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束，句中常出现用for, since,how long等引导的时间状语。 his telephone has been ringing for a long it hasbeen raining since last sunday. how long have you been wearing glasses? 【题干句意】“你有没有看见那些在小岛上的人?”“是的，我看见了。他们在过去的半小时里一直在挥手帕，我不知道为什么。” 【详细解析】这个挥手帕的动作是在半小时前开始的，然后一直在挥，一直挥到了说话的这个时候，所以我们用的是一个现在完成进行时，强调一个动作的持续。我们再来看
一下其他几个时态： a选项是were waving——过去进行时，它指的是：①过去某一时刻正在进行;②过去某一阶段正在进行;——过去时，过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作，所以我们知道a 和b这两个时态都是和过去有关，而和现在是没有一点关系的，所以a和b这两个答案错了。 c. had waved——过去完成时：过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态，那么它所表达的时候是在过去的过去，例如： by theend of last year, we had built 5 newschools.到去年年底为止，我们已经建造了5所学校。首先，过去的时间是去年年底;而句子表达的意思是在去年年底之前，所以我们用过去完成时——hadbuil d.和现在是更加没有联系了，所以这个答案也是不正确的。 题干中的时间状语是“for the last halfhour”，注意这个last不是指“最后的”，而是指“刚才的——在刚才的半个小时里”，那么往往呢句中出现last,或者是last halfhour、recent这种词的话，我们一般都会选择现在完成进行时，因为它指的是“刚才”，那么肯定指“从刚才到现在”。所以本题答案是d. 2. 名词性从句 the information could be helpful to ____will take over the job.
2021高考英语语法重点难点知识点汇 总（精华版） 高中阶段的英语学习，其实就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。 其中，语法是大多数同学最头疼的问题，原因在于其内容之繁杂和零散，因此，将高中英语所有语法项目总结在一起，供同学系统学习。 高考英语语法项目汇总 01 名词 (1)可数名词及其单复数 (2)不可数名词 (3)专有名词 (4)名词所有格 02 代词 （1）人称代词：主格和宾格形式
（2）物主代词：形容词与名词性形式 （3）反身代词：myself, himself, ourselves, etc. （4）指示代词 this, that, these, those （5）不定代词 some, any, no, etc. （6）疑问代词 what, who, whose, which, etc. 03 数词 (1)基数词 (2)序数词 04 介词和介词短语词： 汇表中所列介词的基本用法 05 连词： 词汇表中所列连词的基本用法 06
形容词 (比较级和最高级) （1）作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法 （2）比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法 ①构成 -er, -est; more, the most ②基本句型 as＋原级形式＋as. . . not as ( so)＋原级形式＋as. . . 比较级形式＋than. . . the＋最高级形式＋. . . in ( of). . . 07 副词 (比较级和最高级) （1）表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法（2）疑问副词when, where, how （3）比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)
英语高考语法知识点总结大全 英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语高考语法知识点有哪些?下面就是给大家带来的英语高考知识点，希望能帮助到大家! 英语高考知识点1 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。 例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构。 (1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况。 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said ，(reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…，It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
2017高考英语重点语法： 高考英语常考语法总结——形容词和副词形容词、副词是每年高考必考点之一，近几年语境综合化程度越来越高，难度加大。高考热点有：形容词、副词词义辨析;原级、比较级、最高级的使用;倍数的表达方法;比较等级的修饰语;多个形容词的排列顺序;常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。 关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面： 1. 考查形容词和副词的基本用法 形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。 2. 考查形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置： ①形容词短语作定语时;②表语形容词作定语时;③修饰复合不定代词时。 3. 考查多个形容词作定语的排序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。 4. 考查副词在句中的位置规律 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。 5. 考查–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 -ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。 6. 考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异 即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。 7. 考查形容词和副词的比较等级。 8. 考查比较等级的修饰语。 考点1：在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义 从复现的频率来看，此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热点。解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境，结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。
2020年高考英语语法必考知识点：动名词专项练习单项选择 1. I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 2. Bill suggested __ __ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 3. He told us whether ____ ___ a picnic was still under discussion A. to have B. having C. have D. had 4. It is worth considering what makes“convenience” foods so popular, and ___ ___ better ones of your own. A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 5. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried __ ___ alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home. A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived Keys: DCBCA
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（8） 独立主格知识点整理总结 独立主格结构是高中语法的难点之一，我之前在语法总结篇提到过，今天我就带大家来见识一下它的庐山真面目。 01 独立主格的概念 独立主格，从名称上看，它首先有个主语（所谓主格），其次它与主句的主语相比，是独立的，也即和主句的主语不同。我们来感受一下这个句子： Weather permitting, we will hold the sports meetings. （A） 天气允许的话，我们就会举办运动会。 这个句子是一个条件状语从句，还原成从句形式为： If the weather permits, we will hold the sports meetings. （B）天气允许的话，我们就会举办运动会。 A句中的we a th e r p e rm i t ti n g是一种独立主格结构，B句是它的还原形式。 weather是从句的主语，由于它不是真正意义上的主语，故而叫做逻辑主语。 因为它和主句主语不一样，故而叫独立主格。
02 独立主格的七种形式 除了常见的现在分词、过去分词能充当独立主格结构以外，还有其他一些短语结构可以用作独立主格，主要包括以下形式： 名词/代词+doing Weather permitting, we will hold the sports meeting. 名词/代词+done All things considered, he finally chose to give up the competition. 名词/代词+to do Here are the first two books, the third one to be sent next Monday. 名词/代词+介词短语 Baby in arms, she stood there looking after the cows. 名词/代词+形容词短语 His face, pale with anger, he stood up and left. 名词/代词+副词短语
高中英语高考常考知识 点总结大全 内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
英语高考常考知识点总结大全 第一部分：语音辨音（5分） 考点一：a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母的发音： 注意元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节中的读音，非重读音节中的读音及特例情况： 开音节有两种： 1) 一种是在重读音节中元音字母之后没有辅音字母，叫绝对 开音节。 如：go no me paper 2) 另一种是在元音字母之后有一个辅音字母（r除外），而 后面又跟上 一个不发音的元音字母e，叫相对开音节。 如：home name face 在重读开音节中，元音字母一律读它的字母音，即长音。 闭音节： 以一个或几个辅音字母结尾（r除外），而中间只有一个元音字母的音节叫闭音节。在闭音节中，元音字母一律读它的短音。 但是： a. 字母a 1) 在/w/后常发短音[] 如wash,what,want； 2) 在water一词中，a发长音/ [:]；
3) 在danger strange change中发/ei/； 4) 在class can't father after中发/a:/ b. 字母e 在 ever even eve 这三个单词中的发音分别为：/e/ /i:/ /i:/。 c. 字母i 发/i:/ policeman machine d. 字母o 发/u/ woman/i/ women 在m,n,v,th前发 /Λ / come，son，love，does，mother e. 字母u 发/i/ busy不发音 build (built) 考点二：以-ed结尾的单词的词尾正确读音； 清辅音后读作/ t / .looked hoped 浊、元音后读作/ d / cleaned answered t,d之后加ed, ed读/ id /started decided 考点三：以-s，-es结尾的单词的词尾正确读音； 清辅音后读作/s/ .maps cakes 浊、元音后读作/z / bananas dogs 在/s/、/z/、/d 词性变化引起读音变化 (1) 同形而不同词性的单词读音变化 excuse n./s/ v./z/ separate v./ei/ adj./i/ breath n. /θ / v./ e/ record n./e/ v./i/
定语从句及连词 as与which均可替代整个主句 在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句. 如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。介词/逗号后, 永远不用that! 关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替 代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或 置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使 用which。As引导的定性定语从句有"正如"之意，而which引导的没有。 〖2010全国Ⅰ〗As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 空格设置在名词school后, 且school后有逗号, 此题考查非限定性定语从句。定语从句所 修饰的先行词是school, 它在定于从句中做主语, 因此使用关系代词, 选项中的关系代词只 有which和that, 由于是非限定性定语从句, 不能使用that, 因此选择A。 〖2010四川〗After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where 此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, which代替前边整个句子。句意为：―大学毕 业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。‖ 〖2009山东〗Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 不论何时遇见她, 她总是用甜美的微笑和我打招呼,这是非常经常的事。考查非限制性定语从句, 从句_________ was fairly often插在主句中的时间状语从句后, 关系代词which可代替主句整个句子的意思并在从句中作主语。答案B。 〖2009辽宁〗They‘ve won their last three matches, ________I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 此处意思是―他们赢得了最后的三场比赛, 我觉得这确实有点让人意外‖, which代替上句―They‘ve won their last three matches‖做find的宾语, 选D。A项不能用于非限制性定语从句中, B, C此处没有他们的意思。
1 主谓一致常考难题 1、一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses, chopsticks,scissors等。 2、如果主语用a kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名词构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：A pair of shoes was on the desk． 3、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如:Truth and honesty is the best policy． 4、当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than, along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but, except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:The teacher as well as the students was excited． 5、A(great)number of修饰可数复数名词,谓语动词用复数;a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 6、关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:Those who want to go please sign your names here．
最新2020高考英语知识点整理 高考英语知识点：英语第一轮复习知识点 一、在复习词汇时，学生要学会自我总结 通过自我总结，学生主动取得了知识的精华，并转化为适合自己需要的东西。善于归纳中学教材中常用词汇的基本用法及相关知识点的异同，如：mean一词，可以表示"意思是"、"意味着"，常用于mean something/doing something，而在"mean to do something"结构中，则是"计划"、"打算"之意。善于对有共同用法或特点的词汇进行归纳，形成相关的小知识链。如：suggest(建议)，insist(坚持要求)，demand(要求)、ask(请求)等后接的宾语从句中都要用虚拟语气。善于归纳近义词、同义词，如：在复习join的用法时，可以联系join in，take part in，join sb in归纳复习之后，要做对应练习。这样才能扩大词汇量，又可以提高实际运用英语能力。 二、句型复习应结合课本的例句进行 中学英语课本的句型很多，有强调句、祈使句、倒装句、省略句、反意疑问句、插入语等句型。这些都是高考的常考点。我们通过复习
课本的例句，总结归纳这些句型的特点、用法及它们的适用条件，既掌握英语的基本句型用法，又可以促进我们的英语谴词造句能力。 三、语法复习要考虑语境 通过语境来训练我们的语言使用能力。每一个语法项目的复习可分三个层次进行：复习要点、主要考点、精选练习。如果能做到这一点，定能做到学以致用。现在高考英语试题淡化了语法，但学好语法却是正确和规范运用英语的保证。因此，语法复习不可轻视。 四、重视交际用语复习 如今高考试题越来越重视考查学生的英语交际能力，而且中学英语教材的每一单元都有以交际功能贯穿的对话课。因此，学生在复习时，要注意对各单元的对话进行排列分类，整理归纳，总结出相关话题的典型句型，并设想具体语境，亲身实践，学会运用。如果交际用语复习和听力复习结合起来进行，效果更佳。 高考英语知识点：英语时态知识点大全 般现在时
2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义（066）动词不定式做状语常考知识点总结整理 作状语：动词不定式可用作修饰动词或形容词的状语，通常放在其所修饰的动词或形容词之后。 ?作目的状语。如： Sean went to America to learn English. 肖恩去美国学习英语。 Every morning he gets up very early to exercise. 每天早晨他早早起床去锻炼身体。 Fuel is a substance used to generate light, heat, or energy. 燃料是一种用来产生光、热或能量的物质。 Dams are used to control flooding, provide water for irrigation, and generate electricity for the surrounding area. 水坝被用于防洪、提供灌溉用水、并为周围地区发电。 例题： It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at the sports stars. A. had B. having C. to have
D. have 【答案选C】此处用不定式表目的。 为了强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可变为in order to 或so as to + 动词原形。但应注意in order to 位于句首或句中均可，而so as to 不能位于句首。如： Jacqueline reads China Daily every day in order to/so as to improve her English. 杰奎琳每天读《中国日报》以便能提高她的英语水平。 In order to catch the train, they started out early. 为了能赶上火车，他们早早就出发了。 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的作用。如： To master a foreign language one must work hard at it. 要掌握好一门外语，就要对它下工夫。 例题： more about university courses，call(920)746-3789. A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out 【答案选A】此题考查动词不定式作目的状语。