1、演讲的目的是沟通。有几种方法表征语音通信的潜力。一个高度量化的方法是香农信息论思想的引入。根据信息变换理论，语音可以表示其消息内容或信息。语音特征的另一种表征方式是信号承载的消息信息，i.e.(注:i.e.意思是：即，也就是),如声波。虽然信息论思路在先进的通信系统中发挥了重要作用，但它是基于波形的语音表示，或一些在实际应用中一直是最有用的参数模型。
2、在考虑语音通信的过程中，开始在大脑中思考消息在扬声器中的一些抽象的表示形式是有帮助的。虽然产生语音的过程是复杂的，但该消息中的信息最终被转换成声学信号。在言语产生的过程中消息的信息可以被认为存在许多不同的表示方式。例如，该消息信息首先被转换成一组能控制发音机制的神经信号（即，运动舌头，嘴唇，声带等）。发音器官的运动响应于这些神经信号来完成一系列的手势，其结果是在原始消息中包含的信息的音响波形。
3、信息虽然连通但讲话本质上是一个离散的性质的信息，i.e.，即，它可以被有限集合中元素串联的符号表示，每一个声音的符号可以被分类，被称为音素。每种语言都有它自己的独特的音素，编号通常在30至50之间。例如英语可以表示为一组约42个编号的音素。
4、信息理论关注的中心问题是传达信息的速率。讲话的信息率可以通过发音器官物理上的运动速度粗略估计，人类讲话的平均速率每秒约10个音素。如果每个音素表示一个二进制数，那么6位数字代码足以代表所有的英语音素，设平均增长率为每秒10音素，并且忽略任何相邻音素的组合，我们得到了一个大约60比特/秒的平均信息语速。换句话说，书面讲话包含的信息相当于60位/秒正常讲话率。当然一个“真正”的语音信息内容的下界是大大高于这个速度的，上述估计确实需要考虑一些因素，如说话者的身份和情感状态，说话的速率，声音的响度，等。
5、在语音通信系统中,语音信号的传输、存储、和处理有许多方法。技术问题导致各种表示形式的语音信号的产生。一般来说,有两个主要的问题存在于任何一个系统中:一是保护消息内容的语音信号。另一个是语音信号便于传输和存储的表示形式。或者以一种灵活的形式表示，这样修改后不会对语音信号所表示的消息内容产生严重退化的影响。
6、语言信号必须这样表示，信息内容能被听众容易的提取，或自动被机器提取。
语音信号的表示形式（而不是消息的内容）可能需要从500到1百万比特每秒以上的提取速度。这些表示形式的设计和实现，信号处理的方法发挥基础性作用。
7、一般的信息处理问题可用图3-22描绘的框图表示。在语音信号的情况下，说话者就是信源。一般测量或观察声波的尺寸。
8、涉及信号处理，首先根据一个给定的模型获得信号，利用运用程序对信号进行一些更高层次的变换，以便把该信号转换成一个更方便的形式。在这个过程中的最后一步是报文信息的提取和利用。本步骤可以由人类听众或由机器自动进行。例如，一个系统，其功能是自动识别扬声器从一个给定的发言者发出的语音信号，该语音信号可能使用一个随时间变化的频谱表示。
9、因此，语音信号处理涉及两个任务。一，这是语音信号的波形或参数一般表示形式的获取手段；二，信号处理在转换的过程中提供函数帮助，这是信号一般性质的替代形式，但更适合特定的应用程序。
10、我们将探索数字技术在语音信号处理中的作用。数字信号处理涉及离散信号的获取与表示，伴随变换理论，涉及和数控程序的实施用来处理离散信号的表示。数字信号的处理目的类似于模拟信号的处理。因此，在语音通信的上下文中单独挑出数字信号处理技术做特别考虑是合理的。可以列举一些很重要的原因。首先，最重要的大概是一些极其复杂的信号处理功能可以用数字技术来实施的事实。此外，语音信号处理中常用的算法本质上是离散时间信号处理系统。它们大多不适合作为近似的模拟系统来观察，的确在许多情况下没有可用的模拟实施方案。11、数字信号处理技术在语音处理问题中被首次运用，仿真复杂的模拟系统。最初的观点来看，模拟系统可以在计算机上进行模拟，避免为了试验参数选择和其他设计考虑系统建设的必要性。数字仿真模拟系统的首次应用，需要大量的处理时间。在1960年代中期，一次数字信号处理的革命发生了。主要的主要催化剂是发展快速的计算机和突飞猛进的数字信号处理技术理论。因此，数字信号处理系统具有的优点使得年轻一代有能力来模拟模拟系统的情况变得明朗。目前计算机语音处理系统在实验室中实现，他们作为一个数字系统，可以作为实施特殊用途的数字硬件或对专用的计算机系统进行精确模拟。
12、除理论发展外，伴随数字硬件的发展数字处理技术的优点进一步加强以致于超过模拟系统。数字系统非常可靠和紧凑。集成电路技术已经发展到可以把极其
复杂的系统实现在单个芯片上。逻辑运算的速度足以满足许多信号处理功能所需的巨大数量的计算，可以实现实时语音采样率。
13、在语音通信系统中使用数字技术有另外的原因。如，如果使用合适的编码，在非常嘈杂的信道，数字形式的语音信号能可靠地传输。语音信号的数字形式与其他形式的数据的相同。因此，可以使用一个通信网络同时传输话音和数据，除解码外没有必要区分它们。在安全方面语音信号的传输需要数字表示，它具有明显的优势超过了模拟系统。为了保密，对信息比特进行加扰，最终能在接收器解读。这些和许多其他的原因，数字技术正在被越来越多地应用于语音通信问题。
14、考虑应用数字信号处理技术来处理语音通信问题，专注于三个主题它是非常有帮助的：语音信号的数字表示形式，实施先进的处理技术和很大程度上依赖于数字信号处理的应用程序类。
Text comprehension I. B. II. 1. T; 2. T; 3. T; 4. F; 5. F. III. 1. Paragraph 2. It is our society, which overemphasizes winning, considers failure a sin, and sees prosperity in the present as a sure sign of salvation in the future. 2. Paragraph 4. Because the students may have acquired more or less knowledge out of the course than the grade indicates. 3. Paragraph 5. His attitude is critical. He complains the exclusion of such important characteristics as courage, kindness, wisdom and good humor. 4. Paragraph 8. It was to make a clear distinction between the student as classroom performer and the student as human being. So a low grade, at best, indicates an incompetent classroom performer, not an incompetent human being. 5. Paragraph 9. He thinks social labels, including grades, are basically irrelevant and misleading, though necessary. But it 'nsot self -contradictory because social labels are necessary as ways of distinction for job choice, not as reasons for attitude toward others or ourselves in human terms. IV. 1. Being unsuccessful and disadvantaged is regarded as sinful because in this word people tend to think today ' s success can save one from evil in the future. 2. It is important to see the fact that although they differ in their class status and educational background, human beings are essentially the same. Biologically they are constructed in the same way, and they share the common feelings of fear and joy and the common experience of suffering and achieving. This commonality has bound them together. All of them will regard wars, diseases, and disasters both private and public as unfortunate big events in their life time. Structural analysis of the text 1. Paragraph 2—5. Key words: Disappointment. Main idea: Grades do not mean everything. 2. Paragraph 6—8. Key words: The student as performer; the student as human being. Main idea: Getting a B in class does not mean one will always be a B performer in life. 3. Paragraph 9—10. Key words: Perspective. Main idea: In a complex society like ours, labels are necessary but they should be kept in perspective. Section Four Consolidation Activities Part one. Vocabulary Analysis I. Phrase practice 1. essence: inner nature; indispensable quality; the most important part 本质，实质，精髓e.g. His works reflect the essence of fascism. 他的作品反映出法西斯的本质。
电子信息专业英语复习资料 一、基本术语（英译汉） 1.probe探针 2.real time operational system 实时操作系统 3.debugger 调试器 4.sourse code 源代码 5.software radio wireless LAN 软件无线电网络 6.base station 基站 7.top-down approach 自顶向下分析法 8.variable 变量 9.data compress 数据压缩 10.signal conditioning circuit 信号调理电路 11.Chebyshev Type Ⅰfilter 切比雪夫Ⅰ型滤波器 12.vertical resolution 垂直分辨率 13.device driver 设备驱动 https://www.doczj.com/doc/0f7349097.html,piler 编译器 15.template 模板 16.concurrent process 并发进程 17.object recognition 目标识别 18.Discrete Time Fourier Transform 离散傅立叶变换 https://www.doczj.com/doc/0f7349097.html,bined circuit 组合逻辑电路 20.impedance transform 阻抗变换器 21.voltage source 电压源22.passive component 无源器件 23.quality factor 品质因数 24.unit-impulse response 单位脉冲响应 25.noise origin 噪声源 26.Domino effect 多米诺效应 27.output load 输出负载 28.cordless phone 无绳电话 29.Antenna 天线 30.harmonic interference 谐波干涉 31.Parallel Resonant 并联谐振 32.voltage control oscillator 压控振荡器 33.adaptive delta modulation 自适应增量调制 34.amplitude modulation 调幅 二、缩略语（写出全称） 1.LSI：large scale integration 2.PMOS ：p-type metal-oxide semiconductor 3.CT：cycle threshold 4.MRI：magnetic resonance imaging 5.ROM：read-only memory 6.DRAM ：dynamic random access memory 7.TCXO ：temperature compensated X'tal (crystal) Oscillator https://www.doczj.com/doc/0f7349097.html,B：Universal Serial Bus 9.DCT：discrete cosine transform
SAND CASTING Most metal castings are made by pouring molten metal into a prepared cavity and allowing it to solidify. The process dates from antiquity. The largest bronze statue in existence today is the great Sun Buddha in Nara, Japan. Cast in the eighth century, it weighs 551 tons (500 metric tons) and is more than 71 ft (21m) high. Artisans of the Shang Dynasty in China (1766 - 1222B.C.) created art works of bronze with delicate filigree as sophisticated as anything that is designed and produced today. There are many casting processes available today, and selecting the best one to produce a particular part depends on several basic factors, such as cost, size, production rate, finish ,tolerance, section thickness, physical-mechanical properties, intricacy of design, machinability, and weldability. Sand casting, the oldest and still the most widely used casting process, will be presented in more detail than the other processes since many of the concepts carry over into those processes as well. Green Sand Green sand generally consists of silica sand and additives coated by rubbing the sand grains together with clay uniformly wetted with water.More stable and refractory sands have been developed, such as fused silica, zircon, and mullite, which replace lower-cost silica sand and have only 2% linear expansion at ferrous metal temperatures. Also, relatively unstable water and clay bonds are being replaced with synthetic resins, which are much more stable at elevated temperatures. Green sand molding is used to produce a wide variety of castings in sizes of less than a pound to as large as several tons. This versatile process is applicable to both ferrous and nonferrous materials. Green sand can be used to produce intricate molds since it provides for rapid collapsibility; that is, the mold is much less resistant to the contraction of the casting as it solidifiesthan are other molding processes. This results in less stress and strain in the casting. The sand is rammed or compacted around the pattern by a variety of methods, including hand or pneumatic-tool ramming, jolting (abrupt mechanical shaking),
Unit 1 Financial information about a business is needed by many outsiders .These outsiders include owners, bankers, other creditors, potential investors, labor unions, government agencies ,and the public ,because all these groups have supplied money to the business or have some other interest in the business that will be served by information about its financial position and operating results. 许多企业外部的人士需要有关企业的财务信息，这些外部人员包括所有者、银行家、其他债权人、潜在投资者、工会、政府机构和公众，因为这些群体对企业投入了资金，或享有某些利益，所以必须得到企业财务状况和经营成果信息。 Unit 2 Each proprietorship, partnership, and corporation is a separate entity. 每一独资企业、合伙企业和股份公司都是一个单独的主体。 In accrual accounting, the impact of events on assets and equities is recognized on the accounting records in the time periods when services are rendered or utilized instead of when cash is received or disbursed. That is revenue is recognized as it is earned, and expenses are recognized as they are incurred –not when cash changes hands .if the cash basis accounting were used instead of the accrual basis, revenue and expense recognition would depend solely on the timing of various cash receipts and disbursements. 在权责发生制下，视服务的提供而非现金的收付在本期对资产和权益的影响作出会计记录。即，收入是在赚取时确认，费用是在发生时确认——而不是在现金转手时。如果现金收付制替代权责发生制，那么收入和费用仅仅依靠各种现金收付活动的时间确定来确认。 Unit 3 During each accounting year ,a sequence of accounting procedures called the accounting cycle is completed. 在每一会计年度内，要依次完成被称为会计循环的会计程序。 Transactions are analyzed on the basis of the business documents known as source documents and are recorded in either the general journal or the special journal, i. e . the sales journal ,the purchases journal (invoice register ) ,cash receipts journal and cash disbursements journal . 根据业务凭证即原始凭证分析各项交易，并记入普通日记账或特种日记账，也就是销货日记账，购货日记账（发票登记簿），现金收入日记账和现金支出日记账。 A trial balance is prepared from the account balance in the ledger to prove the equality of debits and credits. 根据分类账户的余额编制试算平衡表，借以验证借项和贷项是否相等。 A T-account has a left-hand side and a right-hand side, called respectively the debit side and credit side. 一个T 型账户有左方和右方，分别称做借方和贷方。 After transactions are entered ,account balance (the difference between the sum of its debits and the sum of its credits ) can be computed.
果粒橙 图解:译文“蓝色” Unit 6 The Principle of PCM PCM原理 Pcm is dependent on three separate operations, sampling, quantizing, and coding. Many different schemes for performing these three functions have evolved during recent years, and we shall describe the main ones. In these descriptions we shall see how a speech channel of telephone quality may be conveyed as a series of amplitude values, each value being represented, that is, coded as a sequence of 8 binary digits. Furthermore, we shall prove that a minimum theoretical sampling frequency of order 6.8 kilohertz(khz) is required to convey a voice channel occupying the range 300 HZ to 3.4 Khz. Practical equipments, however, normally use3 a sampling rate of 8 khz, and if 8-digits per sample value are used, the voice channel becomes represented by a stream of pulses with a repetition rate of 64khz. Fig .1-1 illustrates the sampling, quantizing, and coding processes. PCM的构成依赖于三个环节，即采样、量化和编码。近年来，人们对这三个环节的实现提出了许多不同的方案，我们将对其中的一些主要的方案进行讨论。在这些讨 论中，我们会看到话路中的语声信号是如何转换成幅值序列的，而每个幅值又被编码，即以8位二进制数的序列表示。而且，我们将证明，为了转换频率范围为300HZ— 3.4KHZ的话路信号，理论上最小采样频率须为6.8khz。但是，实际设备通常用8khz 的采样速率，而如果每个样值用8位码的话，则话路是由一个重复速率为64khz的脉 冲流来表示的。图1-1表示了采样、量化、编码的过程。 Reexamination of our simple example shows us that the speech signal of maximum frequency 3.4khz has been represented by a signal of frequency 64khz. However, if only 4-digits per sample value had been used, the quality of transmission would drop, and the repetition rate of the pulses would be reduced to 32khz. Thus the quality of transmission is dependent on the pulse repetition rate, and for digital communication systems these two variables may be interchanged most efficiently. 让我们再研究一下上面提到的简单例子。可以看出，最高频率为3.4khz的话音信号适用64khz的（脉冲流）信号来表示的。但是，如果每个样值中用4位（码）表示，则传输质量会下降，而脉冲的重复速率也将减小到32khz。因而传输质量是取决于脉 冲重复速率的。对于数字通信系统，这两个量之间极明显的互相影响着。 Digital transmission provides a powerful method for overcoming noisy environments. Noise can be introduced into transmission patch in many different ways : perhaps via a nearby lightning strike, the sparking of a car ignition system, or the thermal low-level noise within the communication equipment itself. It is the relationship of the true signal to the noise signal, known as the signal-to-noise ratio, which is of the most interest to the communication engineer.Basically, if the signal is very large compared to the noise level, then a perfect message can take place; however, this is not always the case. For example, the signal received from a
2007年版 现金Cash in hand 银行存款Cash in bank 其他货币资金-外埠存款Other monetary assets - cash in other cities 其他货币资金-银行本票Other monetary assets - cashier‘s check 其他货币资金-银行汇票Other monetary assets - bank draft 其他货币资金-信用卡Other monetary assets - credit cards 其他货币资金-信用证保证金Other monetary assets - L/C deposit 其他货币资金-存出投资款Other monetary assets - cash for investment 短期投资-股票投资Investments - Short term - stocks 短期投资-债券投资Investments - Short term - bonds 短期投资-基金投资Investments - Short term - funds 短期投资-其他投资Investments - Short term - others 短期投资跌价准备Provision for short-term investment 长期股权投资-股票投资Long term equity investment - stocks 长期股权投资-其他股权投资Long term equity investment - others 长期债券投资-债券投资Long term securities investemnt - bonds 长期债券投资-其他债权投资Long term securities investment - others 长期投资减值准备Provision for long-term investment 应收票据Notes receivable 应收股利Dividends receivable 应收利息Interest receivable 应收帐款Trade debtors 坏帐准备- 应收帐款Provision for doubtful debts - trade debtors 预付帐款Prepayment 应收补贴款Allowance receivable 其他应收款Other debtors 坏帐准备- 其他应收款Provision for doubtful debts - other debtors 其他流动资产Other current assets 物资采购Purchase 原材料Raw materials 包装物Packing materials 低值易耗品Low value consumbles 材料成本差异Material cost difference 自制半成品Self-manufactured goods 库存商品Finished goods 商品进销差价Difference between purchase & sales of commodities 委托加工物资Consigned processiong material 委托代销商品Consignment-out 受托代销商品Consignment-in 分期收款发出商品Goods on instalment sales 存货跌价准备Provision for obsolete stocks 待摊费用Prepaid expenses
1. Scientists used to believe that animals were like machines programmed to react to stimuli. They were not considered capable of feeling or thinking, and certainly not of understanding abstract Suggested answer: Scientists used to believe that animals were like machines programmed to react to stimuli, in other words, they were not considered capable of feeling or thinking, and certainly not of understanding abstract concepts. 2. Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world and we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures Suggested answer: Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world, in other words, we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures. 3. In his book The Descent of Man, published in 1871, he questioned whether higher mental abilities such as self-consciousness and memory were limited to human beings. Darwin speculated that human and non-human minds aren't all that different Suggested answer: In his book The Descent of Man, published in 1871, he questioned whether higher mental abilities such as self-consciousness and memory were limited to human beings, in other words, Darwin speculated that human and non-human minds aren't all that different. 1. Soren said if a burglar came, Hogahn would probably lick him Suggested answer: Soren said if a burglar came, Hogahn would go so far as to lick him. 2. Hogahn was so protective that he barked at anyone who came near the house Suggested answer:
机械工程专业英语》参考译文 高等学校机械设计制造及其自动化专业新编系列教材(供教师及学生使用) 黄运尧黄威 司徒忠李翠琼 武汉理工大学出版社 目录编译者的话……………………………… 第1章材料和热加工………………… 第1课机械学的基本概念………… 第2课塑性理论的基本假设……… 第3课有限元优化的应用………… 第4课金属………………………… 第5课金属和非金属材料………… 第6课塑料和其他材料…………… 第7课模具的寿命和失效………… 第8踩冷加工和热加工…………… 第9踩铸造………………………… 第10课制造中的金属成形工艺… 第11课缎选……………………… 第12课锻造的优点和工作原理… 第13课焊接……………………… 第14课热处理…………………… 第二章机构和机器原理……………。 第15课机构介绍…………………。 第16课运动分析…………………． 第l7课运动的综合………………— 第18课凸轮和齿轮………………— 第19课螺纹件，紧固件和联接件— 第20课减(耐)摩擦轴承…………＊第2l课斜齿轮、蜗杆蜗轮和锥齿轮 第22课轴、离合器和制动器……— 第三章机床……… 第23课机床基础 第24课车床…… 第25课牛头刨、钻床和铣床…………第36课磨床和特种金属加工工艺……第四章切削技术和液压“………………第27课加工基础………………………第28课基本的机械加工参数…………第29课切削参数的改变对温度的影响第30课刀具的磨损………… 第31课表面稍整加工机理… 第32课极限和公差…………“
第33课尺寸控制和表面桔整” 第34课自动央具设计………“ 第36课变速液压装置……………—…………— 策37课电液伺服系统…………。……………。 第五章机械电子技术……………………………… 第38课专家系统……。………………………… 第3D课建筑机器人……………………………… 第40课微机为基础的机器人模拟……………… 第41课机器人学的定义和机器入系统………… 第42课微型计算机基础(1)…………………… 第43课微型计算机基础(x)…………………… 第44课可编程控制器…………………………… 第45课CAD／CAM计算机辅助设计与制造… 第46课计算机数控和直接数控，CNC和DNC 第47课加工过程的数控—……………………… 第48课柔性制造系统……………—…………… 第仍课交互式编程系统………………………… 第50课在振动分析方面的计算机技术………… 策51课压力传感器……………………………… 第52课反馈元件…………………—…………… 第53课现代按制理论概述……………………… 第54课管理上采取了新的措施—来自福持汽 第六章英文科技文献和专利文献的查阅………… 6．1 常见科技文献及其查阅……………………… 6．2 专利文献概述………………………………… 第七章英文科拉论文写作………………………… 7．1 标题与摘要写法……………………………… 7．2 正文(body)的组织与写法………………… 7．3 致谢、附录及参考文献………………—…… 参考文献……………………………………………… 第1章材料和热加工 机械学的基本概念 功是力乘以该力作用在物体上佼物体移动的距离。功用公斤·米来表示。l公斤‘米等于I 公斤力作用于物体上使物体移动1米的距离。例如，一项工作需要提升一台300公斤重的设备到两米半高的卡车上，那么就需要750公斤·米的功。由于没有一个人能直接举升别o 公斤重，因此必须使用一种装置去调节所需要的可以控制的作用力。常见的装置是一个斜面 一在这个例子中，一个倾斜在地面动卡车之勾的承载斜板．如果斜板有1G米长，摩擦力忽略，那么就需要75公斤的力将机器该上斜板。总功仍然是7jN?斤·米L用75公斤乘以10米)，但作用力已经被改变，于是乎共所需的最大外力仅仅是75公斤。
会计专业英语 business 企业商业业务 financial risk 财务风险 sole proprietorship 私人业主制企业 partnership 合伙制企业 limited partner 有限责任合伙人 general partner 一般合伙人 separation of ownership and control 所有权与经营权分离 claim 要求主张要求权 management buyout 管理层收 tender offer 要约收购 financial standards 财务准则 initial public offering 首次公开发行股票 private corporation 私募公司未上市公司 closely held corporation 控股公司 board of directors 董事会 executove director 执行董事 non- executove director 非执行董事chairperson 主席 controller 主计长 treasurer 司库 revenue 收入 profit 利润 earnings per share 每股盈余 return 回报 market share 市场份额 social good 社会福利 financial distress 财务困境 stakeholder theory 利益相关者理论 value (wealth) maximization 价值（财富）最大化 common stockholder 普通股股东preferred stockholder 优先股股东 debt holder 债权人 well-being 福利diversity 多样化 going concern 持续的 agency problem 代理问题 free-riding problem 搭便车问题 information asymmetry 信息不对称 retail investor 散户投资者 institutional investor 机构投资者 agency relationship 代理关系 net present value 净现值 creative accounting 创造性会计 stock option 股票期权 agency cost 代理成本bonding cost 契约成本 monitoring costs 监督成本 takeover 接管corporate annual reports 公司年报 balance sheet 资产负债表 income statement 利润表 statement of cash flows 现金流量表 statement of retained earnings 留存收益表 fair market value 公允市场价值marketable securities 油价证券 check 支票 money order 拨款但、汇款单withdrawal 提款 accounts receivable 应收账 credit sale 赊销inventory 存货 property,plant,and equipment 土地、厂房与设备depreciation 折旧 accumulated depreciation 累计折旧
?accounting 会计、会计学 ?account 账户 ?account for / as 核算 ?certified public accountant / CPA 注册会计师?chief financial officer 财务总监?budgeting 预算 ?auditing 审计 ?agency 机构 ?fair value 公允价值 ?historical cost 历史成本?replacement cost 重置成本?reimbursement 偿还、补偿?executive 行政部门、行政人员?measure 计量 ?tax returns 纳税申报表 ?tax exempt 免税 ?director 懂事长 ?board of director 董事会 ?ethics of accounting 会计职业道德?integrity 诚信 ?competence 能力 ?business transaction 经济交易?account payee 转账支票?accounting data 会计数据、信息?accounting equation 会计等式?account title 会计科目 ?assets 资产 ?liabilities 负债 ?owners’ equity 所有者权益 ?revenue 收入 ?income 收益
?gains 利得 ?abnormal loss 非常损失 ?bookkeeping 账簿、簿记 ?double-entry system 复式记账法 ?tax bearer 纳税人 ?custom duties 关税 ?consumption tax 消费税 ?service fees earned 服务性收入 ?value added tax / VAT 增值税?enterprise income tax 企业所得税?individual income tax 个人所得税?withdrawal / withdrew 提款、撤资?balance 余额 ?mortgage 抵押 ?incur 产生、招致 ?apportion 分配、分摊 ?accounting cycle会计循环、会计周期?entry分录、记录 ?trial balance试算平衡?worksheet 工作草表、工作底稿?post reference / post .ref过账依据、过账参考?debit 借、借方 ?credit 贷、贷方、信用 ?summary/ explanation 摘要?insurance 保险 ?premium policy 保险单 ?current assets 流动资产 ?long-term assets 长期资产 ?property 财产、物资 ?cash / currency 货币资金、现金
Key to Unit 7 Page 126 Text Comprehension I. D II. 1. F 2. F 3.T 4.T 5. F IV 1.I tried to comfort her by saying that we would manage to tide it over. 2.After experiencing such an incident, the girl’s visit to London would seem much less exciting in comparison. 3.The young woman, who was as confident as that businessman, must have noticed my fear. 4.The young businessman was sorry that he had not got a chance to buy his two little girls a present. 5.I am very grateful to my fellow passengers. Page 127 Vocabulary I. 1.having the seat belt fastened on 2.catch another flight to continue the journey 3.he had completed his task (announcement) 4.controlled my feelings and began behaving calmly again https://www.doczj.com/doc/0f7349097.html,nd successfully and safely 6.am very grateful to, do something nice in return II. 1.witnessed 2.figured