PREP2012 PACK 1
语法部分不带解释付答案
共75题
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-001 Vsc07546 EASY
The concept of the grand jury dates from the twelfth century, when Henry Ⅱ of England ordered panels of common citizens should prepare lists of who were their communities’ suspected criminals.
A.should prepare lists of who were their communities’ suspected criminals
B.would do the preparation of lists of their communities’ suspected criminals
C.preparing lists of suspected criminals in their communities
D.the preparing of a list of suspected criminals in their communities
E.to prepare lists of suspected criminals in their communities
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-002 VSC07625 EASY
Efforts to the funds available to school districts, a major goal of education reformers and many states in the 1970's, has not significantly reduced the gags existing between the richest and poorest districts.
A.has not significantly reduced the gaps existing
B.has not been significant in reducing the gap that exists
C.has not made a significant reduction in the gap that exists
D.have not significantly reduced the gap that exists
E.have not been significant in a reduction of the gaps existing
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-003 VSC07627 EASY
Unlike a typical automobile loan, which requires a fifteen-to twenty-percent down payment, the
lease-loan buyer is not required to make an initial deposit on the new vehicle.
A.the lease-loan buyer is not required to make
B.with lease-loan buying there is no requirement of
C.lease-loan buyers are not required to make
D.for the lease-loan buyer there is no requirement of
E. a lease-loan does not require the buyer to make
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-004 VSC07630 EASY
The first decision for most tenants living in a undergoing being converted to cooperative ownership is if to sign a no-buy pledge with the other tenants.
A.being converted to cooperative ownership is if to sign
B.being converted to cooperative ownership is whether they should be signing
C.being converted to cooperative ownership is whether or not they sign
D.conversion to cooperative ownership is if to sign
E.conversion to cooperative ownership is whether to sign
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-005 VSC002282 EASY
In Alexandria, the Ptolemys founded a library so as the written remains of Greek literature could be gathered together and systematized.
A.so as
B.in which
C.and
D.whereby
E.by which
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-006 VSC002356 EASY
Glaciers form when the snow, sleet, and hail that fall in a given climatic region exceed the amount capable of being lost through evaporation or melting.
A.the snow, sleet, and hail that fall in a given climatic region exceed the amount capable of being
B. a given climatic region's fallen snow, sleet, and hail exceeds the amount able to be
C.the amount of snow, sleet, and hail that falls in a given climatic region exceeds the amount
D.the snow, sleet, and hail in a given region exceeds the amount able to be
E. a given climatic region exceeds the amount of snow, sleet, and hail that falls and cannot be
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-007 VSC002364 EASY
It is the powerful compound capsaicin that makes a chili pepper hot; a single drop that has no taste and odor is capable of detection by humans at one part per million.
A. a single drop that has no taste and odor is capable of detection
B. a single drop is detectable, though without taste and odor,
C. a single tasteless and odorless drop can be detected
D.single tasteless and odorless drops are capable of detection
E.single drops that have no taste or odor can be detectable
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-008 VSC002396 EASY
The military governors and samurai warriors who ruled Japan were trained to respect simplicity, be austere, and a ritualized code of observed behavior.
A.to respect simplicity, be austere, and a ritualized code of observed behavior
B.to respect simplicity, be austere, and observe a ritualized code of behavior
C.that they should respect simplicity, be austere, and observe a ritualized code of behavior
D.that they should respect simplicity, austerity, and a code of behavior that was ritualized and observed
E.in order to respect simplicity, austerity, and a code of behavior that was ritualized and observed Prep2012-Pack1-SC-009 VSC002452 EASY
Roughly twice each century the planet Venus passes between the Earth and the Sun, an occasion known as a transit of Venus, during which it makes the outline of the planet visible in stark relief.
A.during which it makes the outline of the planet
B.during which the outline of the planet becomes
C.so that it makes the outline of the planet
D.such that during which the of the planet becomes
E.such that the outline of the planet becomes
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-010 VSC002496 EASY
Though the artifacts of pre-Columbian civilization created a stir from the very first European contacts with the New World in the sixteenth century, it was not until the latter half of the nineteenth century that Western designers, artists, and crafters were inspired to imitate them.
A.it was not until the latter half of the nineteenth century that Western designers, artists, and crafters
were inspired to imitate them
B.they did not inspire imitations of Western designers, artists, and crafters until it was the latter half of
the nineteenth century
C.not until the latter half of the nineteenth century was it that they have inspired Western designers,
artists, and crafters to imitation
D.until the latter half of the nineteenth century Western designers, artists, and crafters have not been
inspired to imitate
E.they were not inspirations of Western designers, artists, and crafters imitations until the latter half of
the nineteenth century
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-011 VSC002546 EASY
On a glacier in the High Himalayas, a Japanese zoologist has found a species of midge that is unlike any other known insect in its spending its entire life cycle in the snow and ice of a glacier.
A.that is any other known insect in its spending
B.that is unlike any insect known as it spends
C.that, unlike any other known insect, spends
D.unlike any insect known because it spends
E.unlike any other insect that is known, spending
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-012 VSC002555 EASY
Shliapentokh’s study indicated that, in the Soviet Union, women's absenteeism from their jobs, despite their home duties and their child-care responsibilities, were only a fifth of men.
A.were only a fifth of men
B.were only a fifth of men’s
C.was only a fifth of men’s
D.was only a fifth of men
E.was a fifth only of that of the men
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-013 VSC002568 EASY
In February 1995, Doris Schopper became president of the international council
of Médecins sans Frontiéres, k nown in English as “Doctors Without Borders,” the world's largest independent, international, voluntary emergency medical assistance and relief organization.
A.known in English as “Doctors Without Borders,"
B.the English for “Doctors Without Borders,"
C.in English named as “Doctors Without Borders,"
D.“Doctors Without Borders," as they are known in English
E.or “Doctors Without Borders," which is in English
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-014 VSC002587 EASY
Restorers say that if allowed to remove and replace the discolored layer of varnish on the Mona Lisa, the colors Leonardo da Vinci painted nearly five hundred years ago will once again shine through.
A.If
B.if it is
C.if they are
D.when
E.when it is
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-015 VSC002602 EASY
After long years of indifferent reception by the scientific community, Barbara McClintock‘s subtle work on the genetics of corn has now been acknowledged to be of major importance; her analyses show that movable elements control the action of genes and thus cause mutations.
A.Barbara McClintock‘s subtle work on the genetics of corn has now been acknowledged to be of major
importance
B.Barbara McClintock‘s subtle work on the genetics of corn has now been acknowledged as being maj or
C.it has now been acknowledged that Barbara McCiintock‘s subtle work on the genetics of corn is major
in importance
D.there is now acknowledgment of Barbara McCintock's subtle work on the genetics of corn as of major
importance
E.the importance of Barbara McClintock's subtle work on the genetics of corn has now been
acknowledged to be major
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-016 VSC002795 EASY
Nineteenth-century doctors thought that alcohol, when ingested, passed through the stomach into the bloodstream and was broken down only by the liver; recent studies, however, have led them to conclude that the stomach breaks down up to 20 percent of ingested alcohol before it reaches the liver.
A.have led them to conclude
B.have led to their conclusion
C.have led doctors to conclude
D.ead to doctors concluding
E.ead to the doctors’ conclusion
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-017 VSC002819 EASY
Despite the criticism in the early 1890's that if journalists use pictures the intellectual quality of publications would diminish, by the late 1890's photographs were found in most newspapers and magazines.
A.that if journalists use pictures the intellectual quality of publications would diminish,
B.that if journalists use pictures it will diminish the intellectual quality of publications,
C.that the use of pictures by journalists would diminish the intellectual quality of publications,
D.of the intellectual quality of publications being diminished by the use of pictures by journalists,
E.of the use of pictures by journalists diminishing the intellectual quality of publications,
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-018 VSC003047 EASY
The airline's proposed purchases of as many as 250 medium-range planes will probably be the basis of an overhaul of its routes; it is expected that they will increase the number of direct point-to-point flights, instead of continue to use feeder aircraft to bring passengers to major hubs.
A.it is expected that they will increase the number of direct point-to-point flights, instead of continue
B.it is expected that it will increase the number of direct point-to-point flights, rather than to continue
C.it is expected that the number of direct point-to-point flights will increase, instead of their continuing
D.the airline is expected to increase the number of direct point-to-point flights, rather than continue
E.the airline is expected to increase the number of direct point-to-point flights, instead of its continuing Prep2012-Pack1-SC-019 VSC003165 EASY
In contrast to India, where many early followers of Buddhism were itinerants travelling the countryside to disseminate the Buddha's teachings, those in China lived in monastic communities in which rules were developed for purposes of administrative organization, discipline, and the management of monastic lands and properties.
A.India, where many early followers of Buddhism were itinerants travelling the countryside to
disseminate the Buddha's teachings, those in China
B.Buddhism’s early followers in India, many of whom were itinerants who travelled the countryside and
were disseminating the Buddha's teachings, in China they
C.Buddhism in India, with early followers who were itinerants, and many of them travelling the
countryside and disseminating the Buddha's teachings, China's early followers of Buddhism
D.early followers of Buddhism in India, who were itinerants, many of them travelling the countryside,
and they disseminated the Buddha's teachings, in China they
E.early followers of Buddhism in India, many of whom were itinerants travelling the countryside in
order to disseminate the Buddha's teachings, those in China
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-020 VSC07621 Medium
Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to recognize the decree to which their analytical skills are weak.
A.Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to
recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak.
B.Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, which they admit they lack, many people are
disinclined to recognize that their analytical skills are weak.
C.Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, analytical skills bring out a disinclination in many
people to recognize that they are weak to a degree.
D.Many people, willing to admit that they lack computer skills or other technical skills, are disinclined to
recognize that their analytical skills are weak.
E.Many people have a disinclination to recognize the weakness of their analytical skills while willing to
admit their lack of computer skills or other technical skills.
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-021 VSC07622 Medium
Displays of the aurora borealis, or “northern fights,” can heat the atmosphere over the arctic enough to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce electric currents that can cause blackouts in some areas and corrosion in north-south pipelines.
A.to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce
B.that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected, induce
C.that it affects the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induces
D.that the trajectories of missiles are affected and induces
E.to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles and induce
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-022 VSC07623 Medium
If the proposed expenditures for gathering information abroad are reduced even further, international news reports have been and will continue to diminish in number and quality.
A.have been and will continue to diminish
B.have and will continue to diminish
C.will continue to diminish, as they already did,
D.continue to diminish, as they have already,
E.will continue to diminish
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-023 VSC07624 Medium
Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.
A.saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang
B.saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging
C.saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
D.seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
E.seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-024 VSC07628 Medium
While larger banks can afford to maintain their own data-processing operations, many smaller regional and community banks are finding that the cost associated with upgrading data-processing equipment and with the development and maintenance of new products and technical staff are prohibitive.
A.cost associated with
B.costs associated with
C.costs arising from
D.cost of
E.costs of
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-025 VSC07629 Medium
The financial crash of October 1987 demonstrated that the world's capital markets are integrated more closely than never before and events in one part of the global village may be transmitted to the rest of the village—almost instantaneously.
A.integrated more closely than never before and
B.closely integrated more than ever before so
C.more closely integrated as never before while
D.more closely integrated than ever before and that
E.more than ever before closely integrated as
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-026 VSC07631 Medium
Architects and stonemasons, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport.
A.huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal
transport
B.without the benefits of animal transport or the wheel, huge palace and temple clusters were built by
the Maya
C.the Maya built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel
D.there were built, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, huge palace and temple
clusters by the Maya
E.were the Maya who, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, huge palace and temple
clusters
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-027 VSC07632 Medium
The Coast Guard is conducting tests to see whether pigeons can be trained to help find survivors of wrecks at sea.
A.to see whether pigeons can be trained to help find
B.to see whether pigeons can be trained as help to find
C.to see if pigeons can be trained for helping to find
D.that see if pigeons are able to be trained in helping to find
E.that see whether pigeons are able to be trained for help in finding
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-028 VSC07633 Medium
The golden crab of the Gulf of Mexico has not been fished commercially in great numbers, primarily on account of living at great depths—2,500 to 3,000 feet down.
A.on account of living
B.on account of their living
C.because it lives
D.because of living
E.being they live
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-029 VSC07634 Medium
In Holland, a larger percentage of the gross national product is spent on defense of their coasts from rising seas than is spent on military defense in the United States.
A.In Holland, a larger percentage of the gross national product is spent on defense of their coasts from
rising seas than is spent on military defense in the United States.
B.In Holland they spend a larger percentage of their gross national product on defending their coasts
from rising seas than the United States does on military defense.
C. A larger percentage of Holland's gross national product is spent on defending their coasts from rising
seas than the United States spends on military defense.
D.Holland spends a larger percentage of its gross national product defending its coasts from rising seas
than the defense spending of the United States.
E.Holland spends a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending ms coasts from rising
seas than the United States does on military defense.
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-030 VSC001573 Medium
A recent poll of elected officials suggests that candidates, when in the midst of a tough campaign, often make statements about an opponent that they may not think is true.
A.Is
B.are
C.to be
D.of as
E.it is
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-031 VSC001578 Medium
Over the past few years, banks have systematically raised their old fees and invented new ones that are harder and harder for consumers to avoid.
A.banks have systematically raised their old fees and invented new ones that are harder and harder for
consumers to avoid
B.banks are systematically raising their old fees and inventing new ones that become harder and harder
for consumers to avoid
C.banks systematically raising old fees and inventing new ones make them harder and harder for
consumers to avoid
D.as banks systematically raised their old fees and invented new ones, avoiding them becomes harder
and harder for consumers
E.as banks have systematically raised their old fees and invented new ones, it is becoming harder and
harder for consumers to avoid them
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-032 VSC001593 Medium
The auto company attributed its recent increase in profits to both its introduction of new models in North America that are less expensive in their manufacture and to success in making its factories more efficient.
A.to both its introduction of new models in North America that are less expensive in their manufacture
and to success in
B.to both its introduction of new models in North America that are less expensive in manufacturing and
success in its
C.to both its introducing new models in North America that are less expensive in manufacturing and to
success in
D.both to its introduction of new models in North America that are less expensive to manufacture and to
success in
E.both to its introducing new models in North America that are less expensive in their manufacturing
and to success in its
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-033 VSC001601 Medium
The infant mortality rate has decreased steadily over the past decades and is now at a lower rate
than ever before.
A.now at a lower rate than
B.now bower than
C.now a lower rate than
D.presently lower than it was
E.presently lower than the rate was
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-034 VSC001615 Medium
A row of upright fan-shaped plates running down the spine provided the Stegosaurus dinosaur with an especially efficient solar heating and cooling system to allow them to move comfortably through different climatic regions.
A.to allow them to move comfortably
B.to allow it a comfortable movement
C.that allowed it to move comfortably
D.that allowed their comfortable movement
E.allowing them to move comfortably
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-035 VSC001632 Medium
The possible long-term health risks to airline personnel who repeatedly cross multiple time zones has been a concern since the first jet transports went into service in the 1950s.
A.who repeatedly cross multiple time zones has been a concern since the first jet transports went
B.who are repeatedly crossing multiple time zones has been a concern since the first jet transports that
went
C.who repeatedly cross multiple time zones have been a concern since the first jet transports went
D.repeatedly crossing multiple time zones has been a concern since the first jet transports went
E.repeatedly crossing multiple time zones have been a concern since the first jet transports going Prep2012-Pack1-SC-036 VSC001641 Medium
In a state of pure commercial competition, there would be a large number of producing firms, all unfettered by governmental regulations, all seeking to meet consumer needs and wants more successfully than each other.
A.all seeking to meet consumer needs and wants more successfully than each other
B.all seeking more successfully to meet consumer needs and wants than the others
C.each seeking to meet consumer needs and wants more successfully than one another
D.each seeking to meet consumer needs and wants more successfully than the others
E.each seeking more successfully to meet consumer needs and wants than another
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-037 VSC001651 Medium
In the English-speaking world Anton Chekhov is by far better known for his plays than for his short stories, but it was during his lifetime that Chekhov‘s stories made him popular while his plays were given a more ambivalent reception, even by his fellow writers.
A.by far better known for his plays than for his short stories, but it was during his lifetime that
B.by far better known for his plays than he was for his short stories, but during his lifetime
C.known far better for his plays than he was for his short stories, but during his lifetime it was
D.far better known for his plays than were his short stories, but it was during his lifetime that
E.far better known for his plays than for his short stories, but during his lifetime
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-038 VSC001673 Medium
Now generally regarded as a forgery, the Kensington Rune Stone, a 90-kilogram slab of inscribed rock discovered in Minnesota in 1898, was said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362 and thus was cited as evidence that Europeans explored North America in
pre-Columbian times.
A.was said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explored in 1362 and
thus was cited as evidence that Europeans explored
B.was said to record an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, thus being
cited as evidence for European exploration of
C.said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, and thus
cited as evidence for European exploration of
D.which was said to record an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, and
thus cited as evidence that Europeans explored
E.which, said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362,
was thus cited as evidence for Europeans exploring
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-039 VSC001708 Medium
In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of each planet in the solar system results from the combined gravitational pull of the Sun and of all the other planets, each contributing according to their mass and distance from the others.
A.of all the other planets, each contributing according to their
B.of all the other planets, with each of them contributing according to their
C.all the other planets, each of which contributing according to its
D.all the other planets, each contributing according to its
E.all the other planets, each of which contribute according to their
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-040 VSC001735 Medium
The region of Norden is comprised of five sovereign states, each of which recognize a stronger cultural bond to their Nordic neighbors than to any other cultural grouping.
A.which recognize a stronger cultural bond to their Nordic neighbors than to
B.which recognize a stronger cultural bond with their Nordic neighbors than
C.which recognizes a stronger cultural bond with its Nordic neighbors than with
D.them recognizing a stronger cultural bond with its Nordic neighbors than they have with
E.them recognizing a stronger cultural bond to their Nordic neighbors than they have to
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-041 VSC001983 Medium
Contemporary cognitive scientists maintain that emotions, which are biological functions, evolved in the nervous system to help animals survive in hostile environments and procreate, and feelings are products of the conscious mind, reflecting the interpretation of emotions.
A.procreate, and feelings are products of the conscious mind, reflecting
B.procreate, and that feelings, as products of the conscious mind, reflecting
C.procreate, and that feelings, which are products of the conscious mind, reflect
D.to procreate, and feelings are products of the conscious mind, which reflect
E.to procreate, and that feelings, which are products of the conscious mind, reflecting
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-042 VSC002034 Medium
Unlike many other countries, Thailand's commercial crafts are influenced both by ancient beliefs and tradition and have remained relatively unchanged over the years.
A.many other countries, Thailand's commercial crafts are influenced both by
B.many other countries, commercial crafts in Thailand have as an influence both
C.the commercial crafts of many other countries, in Thailand they are influenced both by
D.the commercial crafts of many other countries, those of Thailand are influenced by both
E.in many other countries, Thailand's commercial crafts have as an influence both
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-043 VSC002057 Medium
The typical size difference between males and females has lessened since the origins of the human species because the size increase in males has been slight while the size increase in females has been great.
A.the size increase in males has been slight while the size increase in females has been great
B.the male size increase has been slight and because it has been great in females
C.the size increase had been slight for males but great for females
D.of the size increase being slight for males for females it was great
E.of slightly increasing the male size while greatly increasing it in females
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-044 VSC002074 Medium
In 1982, archaeologists recovered Henry VIII‘s ship Mag Rose, which‘ having sunk in 1545‘ with more than artifacts on board, everything from arrows and longbows to a barber-surgeon's chest containing items commonly used by sixteenth-century medics.
A.In 1982, archaeologists recovered Henry VIII‘s ship Mary Ros e, which, having sunk in 1545, with
more than 17,000 artifacts on board,
B.Henry ship Mary Rose sank in 1545 and, recovered by archaeologists in 1982, they found more than
17,000 artifacts on board,
C.When Henry ship Mary Rose, which sank in 1545, was recovered in 1982, archaeologists found more
than 17,000 artifacts on board,
D.Having sunk in 1545, Henry V111's ship Mary Rose was recovered in 1982 by archaeologists, finding
more than 17,000 artifacts on board, with
E.Finding more than 17,000 artifacts on board, Henry ship Mary Rose, which sank in 1545, was
recovered in 1982 by archaeologists and it had
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-045 VSC002117 Medium
In undisturbed primary forests, the Honduran mahogany grows up to a height of 130 feet, having a buttressed trunk and a crown that spread over the canopy of lesser trees.
A.up to a height of 130 feet, having a buttressed trunk and a crown that spread
B.up to 130 feet in height, and with a buttressed trunk and a crown spreading
C.to as high as 130 feet in height, having a buttressed trunk and with a crown that spread
D.to a height of 130 feet, with a buttressed trunk and with a crown that spreads
E.as high a height as 130 feet, having a buttressed trunk and a crown spreading
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-046 VSC002161 Medium
While recognizing that lying often facilitates social interactions, psychiatrists are seeking to determine when they become destructive and which kinds of mental problems they can signal.
A.they become destructive and which kinds of mental problems they can signal
B.they become destructive and the mental problems that are signaled by them
C.it becomes destructive and what are the kinds of mental problems they signal
D.it becomes destructive and the mental problems that are signaled by it
E.it becomes destructive and which kinds of mental problems it can signal
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-047 VSC002214 Medium
The rain has flooded drainage canals in many orange-tree groves, which has caused the fruit to fall before it ripen and also threatened to kill the trees.
A.which has caused the fruit to fall before it will ripen and also threatened to kill
B.which not only caused the fruit to fall before ripening, but also threatened killing
C.not only causing the fruit to fall before ripening, but also threatening to kill
D.causing the fruit to fall before it will ripen, which will threaten killing
E.causing the fruit to have fallen before it ripened, which threatened to kill
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-048 VSC002263 Medium
In 1926, in her second attempt to swim across the English Channel, Gertrude Ederle not only crossed the Channel against currents that forced her to swim thirty-five miles instead of the minimal twenty-one, but she set a record for speed as well, by swimming the distance in almost two hours faster than anyone had yet done.
A.but she set a record for speed as well, by swimming the distance in almost two hours faster than
anyone had yet done
B.but also set a record for speed, swimming the distance almost two hours faster than anyone had yet
done
C.but also swam the distance in almost two hours faster than anyone had yet done, and setting a
record for speed
D.but also setting a record for speed by swimming the distance in almost two hours faster than anyone
had yet done
E.but, swimming the distance almost two hours faster than anyone had yet done, she also set a record
for speed
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-049 VSC002305 Medium
Even though interest rates rose last year, they were not nearly as high as the early 1980s, when the economy tumbled into a recession and markets were depressed.
A.they were not nearly as high as the early 1980s, when
B.they were not nearly as high as interest rates in the early 1980s, when
C.they were not nearly at the levels they were in the early 1980s, at the time when
D.they had not approached the high levels of the early 19805, during the time in which
E.the high levels of the 19805 were not being approached, when
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-050 VSC002315 Medium
In build-to-suit projects, developers design and construct to meet the needs of a primary tenant, who pays the developer a marginal fee for design and construction work and agrees to buy the completed building or will occupy all or most of it in exchange for a favorable long-term lease.
A.will occupy all or most of it
B.will occupy all of it, or most of it,
C.to occupy all or most of it
D.occupy all of it, or most,
E.they will occupy all of it, or most,
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-051 VSC002339 Medium
Reptiles, by drawing their body heat directly from the Sun rather than burning calories to generate it, can survive on ten percent of the nourishment that a mammal of similar size would normally require.
A.rather than burning calories to generate it
B.rather than the generation of body heat by burning calories
C.and not from generating it by burning calories
D.instead of by burning calories for generating it
E.instead of body heat generated by burning calories
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-052 VSC002367 Medium
The industrial pollutants known as were first manufactured in 1929 and were used as coolants for electrical equipment in Europe and North America the 19705, when studies showed that the compounds had entered the food chain and were harmful to some animals.
A.that the compounds had entered the food chain and were harmful to some animals
B.the compounds to have entered the food chain and be harmful to some animals
C.the entry of the compounds into the food chain as harmful to some animals
D.the entry of the compounds into the food chain and its harmfulness to animals
E.the compounds entering into the food chain and harming some animals
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-053 VSC002381 Medium
A recent survey showed that while many banks have service charges on interest-bearing and
non-interest-bearing accounts with balances that are falling below a set minimum, some banks provide virtually free checking regardless of the account balance.
A.with balances that are falling below
B.whose balances fall below
C.whose balances fall below that of
D.that have balances below that of
E.that have balances that fall below those of
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-054 VSC002451 Medium
Antipoverty initiatives have had to contend with two decades of economic shifts that have depressed wages of workers with little or no technical skills.
A.that have depressed wage of workers with little or no technical skills
B.having depressed wages of workers with little or no technical skills
C.that have depressed the wages of workers with few or no technical skills
D.in which the workers‘ wages with few or no technical skills have been depressed
E.in that workers with few or no technical skills have wages that are depressed
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-055 VSC002465 Medium
Though widely used for decades to fuel home heating systems, utility boilers, and industrial
furnaces, natural gas has accounted for far less of the energy consumed in the United States than has oil.
A.natural gas has still accounted for far less of the energy consumed in the United States than has oil
B.natural gas has still accounted for far less of the energy consumed in the United States as oil
C.natural gas still has accounted for far less of the energy consumed in the United States as oil has
D.still far less of the energy consumed in the United States has been accounted for by natural gas as by
oil
E.still far less of the energy consumed in the United States has been accounted for by natural gas than
has oil
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-056 VSC002523 Medium
Like humans and other warm-blooded animals, researchers report that the lotus has the remarkable ability of keeping its temperature in a narrow range.
A.Like humans and other warm-blooded animals, researchers report that the lotus has the remarkable
of keeping its temperature in a narrow range.
B.Researchers report that within a narrow range, the lotus has the remarkable ability to keep its
temperature humans and other warm-blooded animals do.
C.Researchers report that the lotus has the remarkable ability of keeping its temperature to a narrow
range, as humans and other warm-blooded animals can.
D.Researchers report that the lotus has the remarkable ability to keep its temperature within a narrow
range, as do humans and other warm-blooded animals.
E.As humans and other warm-blooded animals can, researchers report that the lotus has the
remarkable of keeping its temperature in a narrow range.
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-057 VSC002708 Medium
Since digital recording offers essentially perfect reproduction—on compact discs, digital audiotapes, or digital videodiscs—audiophiles can accumulate vast collections of music, transferring them from one format to another, copying it, and digitally altering it with little effort and not damaging the sound quality.
A.music, transferring them from one format to another, copying it, and digitally altering it with little
effort and not damaging
B.music, transferring it from one format to another, copying it, and digitally altering it with little effort
and no damage to
C.music, transferring them from one format to another, copy them, and digitally alter them with little
effort and no damage to
D.music and transfer it from one format to another, copy it, and then digitally altering it with little effort
and not damaging
E.music and transfer it from one format to another, copying it, and digitally alter it with little effort and
no damage to
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-058 VSC002715 Medium
The Scandinavian assault on Western Europe culminated in the early eleventh century with the Danish conquest of the English kingdom, which other Scandinavian kings attempted to repeat, unsuccessfully later in the same century.
A.which other Scandinavian kings attempted to repeat, unsuccessfully, later in the same century
B.which other Scandinavian kings attempted to repeat later that same century, but not successfully
C.an achievement that other Scandinavian kings attempted later in the century to repeat, but were not
successful at it
D.an achievement attempted later in the century by other Scandinavian kings that was not successful
E.an achievement that other Scandinavian kings attempted to repeat later in the century, but without
success
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-059 VSC002774 Medium
On the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa, water remains frozen, but the gravitational force of Jupiter and its other moons cause contractions that may generate so much heat that it would melt ice below Europa’s surface.
A.moons cause contractions that may generate so much heat that it would melt
B.moons cause contractions, with enough heat generated for melting
C.moons causes contractions that may generate enough heat to melt
D.moons, causing contractions, may generate so much heat to melt
E.moons, which causes contractions, may generate enough heat for melting
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-060 VSC07626 hard
A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that even Theodore C. Sorensen, the White House counsel, did not know it existed.
A. A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that
B.So secret was a recording system installation and operation in the Kennedy Oval Office
C.It was so secret that a recording system was installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office
D. A recording system that was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office
E.Installed and operated so secretly in the Kennedy Oval was a recording system that
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-061 VSC001448 hard
Sculpted boulders found at Lepenski Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and Western Europe, includes 15 figures with human features similar to Upper forms and to Middle Eastern stone figurines.
A.Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes
B.Vir, examples of the monumental art known from central and western Europe, include earliest of
monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
C.Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe and includes
D.Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, including Prep2012-Pack1-SC-062 VSC002507 hard
Narwhals can be called whales of the ice: in icy channels, ponds, and ice-shielded bays they seek sanctuary from killer whales, their chief predator, and their annual migrations following the seasonal rhythm of advancing and retreating ice.
A.their annual migrations following
B.their annual migrations which follow
C.their annual migrations follow
D.whose annual migrations following
E.whose annual migrations follow
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-063 VSC002550 hard
Naked mole rats form colonies of approximately twenty animals, each of which consists of a single reproductive female and workers that defend her.
A.each of which consists
B.with each of them consisting
C.each colony consisting
D.and each of them consist
E.and each colony consisting
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-064 VSC002625 hard
Although beavers can still be found throughout the western United States, their number has declined compared with the eighteenth century, when the abundance of beavers lured armies of European trappers into the Rocky Mountain region to slaughter them for their pelts.
A.their number has declined compared with
B.their numbers have compared with
C.their numbers have declined since
D.their numbers have in comparison to those of
E.the number of them declined since
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-065 VSC003141 hard
In order to conserve the energy and heat they need to spend the entire winter sitting motionless over incubating eggs, male emperor penguins huddle over the nests in groups, thereby reducing the rate at which they burn energy so that it is 25 percent lower than it would be for isolated birds.
A.thereby reducing the rate at which they burn energy so that it is 25 percent lower than it would be for
B.thereby reducing their rate of burning energy it is 25 percent lower when compared with
C.and they thereby reduce by 25 percent the rate they burn energy, as compared to what it would be
with
D.which thereby reduces by 25 percent their rate of burning energy, when comparing them to
E.which thereby reduces the rate they burn energy so that it is 25 percent lower than
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-066 VSC003211 hard
Unlike amateur clammers, who usually dig clams by hand during the summer, professional
clammers work year-round, using all-weather instruments such as the hydraulic dredge or a 20-foot-Iona implement known as a bull rake.
A.work year-round, using all-weather instruments such as the dredge or a 20-foot-long implement
known as a bull rake
B.work year-round by using all-weather instruments like hydraulic dredges or 20-foot-long implements
known as a bull rake
C.working year-round and using such all-weather instruments as a hydraulic dredge or a 20-foot-long
implement known as a bull rake
D.working year-round use all-weather instruments like hydraulic dredges or 20-foot-long implements
known as a bull rake
E.work year-round using all-weather instruments, for example, a dredge or 20-foot-long implements
known as bull rakes
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-067 VSC003591 hard
Without adequate amounts of sleep, people’s newly acquired skills and also new factual information may not get properly encoded into their memory circuits.
A.Without adequate amounts of sleep, people's newly acquired skills and also
B.Without the adequate amount of sleep they need, people's newly acquired skills and even
C.If they do not have adequate amounts of sleep, people's newly acquired skills and even
D.If people do not get adequate amounts of sleep, newly acquired skills and even
E.If people do not get the adequate amount of sleep they need, newly acquired and also
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-068 VSC003767 hard
Geologists have found that streams in the Karoo basin of South Africa changed suddenly at the end of the Permian period 250 million years ago, from the meandering shape typically found in well-vegetated zones to the braided pattern found in areas without deep-rooted vegetation to hold the soil together.
A.from the meandering shape typically found in well-vegetated zones to the braided pattern found in
areas without deep-rooted vegetation to hold
B.from the meandering shape typically found in well-vegetated zones to the braided pattern that they
find in areas without deep-rooted vegetation for holding
C.from the meandering shape typical in well-vegetated zones to the braided pattern found in areas
where it is without deep-rooted vegetation for holding
D.shifting from the meandering shape typically found in well-vegetated zones to the braided pattern
found in areas where it is without deep-rooted vegetation for holding
E.shifting from the meandering shape that is typical in well-vegetated zones to the braided pattern
being found in areas without deep-rooted vegetation to hold
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-069 VSC003901 hard
Laboratory rats and mice live up to 40 percent longer than usual when fed a diet of at least 30 percent fewer calories than that which they would normally eat, but that otherwise contains all necessary vitamins and nutrients.
A.of at least 30 percent fewer calories than that which they would normally eat, but that otherwise
B.with at least 30 percent fewer calories than what they would normally eat though otherwise it
C.that has at least 30 percent fewer of the calories that they would normally eat, but otherwise it
D.that has at least 30 percent fewer calories than they would normally eat but that otherwise
英语语法专业术语 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses
动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form
高考英语语法练习题精选 1. --Hello, this is . A. How are you? B. Will you come tonight? C. Can I take a mesage? D. Is that Mike? 2. Tom suggested that we __________such a meeting, but Jenny insisted that it _________of great importance. A. not hold ; should be B. didn't hold ; be C. hold ; was D. not hold ; was 3. You should take the medicine after you read the __________. A. lines B. instructions C. words D. suggestions 4. --Hi, Tracy, you look tired. --I am tired. I__________ the living-room all day. A. painted B. have been painting C. had painted D. have painted 5. I'm sorry. I _____________ you__________ to me. A. don't know; are speaking B. don't know ;were speaking C. didn't know; were speaking D. didn't know; are speaking 6. "Please __________why you're so late," said his girlfriend. A. excuse B. explain C. apologize D. tell 7. The rescue team made every __________ to find the missing mountain climber.
BE-subjunctive be-型虚拟式 object complement 宾语补语 noun phrase of amount or quantity 表示数量概念的名词词组 infinitive 不定式full sentence完全句headword中心词 dynamic verb 动态动词cleft sentence 分裂句main clause主句 nominative absolute construction 独立主格结构direct object 直接宾语 present perfective progressive 现在完成进行体subject complement主语补语 predicate verb 谓语动词determiner限定词ordinal numeral序数词 verbless clause 无动词分句finite verb phrase限定动词词组 possessive pronoun 物主代词gender性main verb 主动词 antecedent先行项subjunctive mood 虚拟式irregular verb 不规则动词root 词根demonstrative pronoun指示代词 semi-auxiliary 半助动词compound complex
sentence 并列复杂句 passive voice 被动态coordinate construction 并列结构 comparative clause 比较分句 indefinite pronoun 不定代词 intransitive verb不及物动词vocabulary词汇bound morpheme粘附词素 uncountable noun不可数名词morpheme词素central determiner中位限定词 indicative mood 陈述式affix 词缀proper noun专有名词 abstract noun 抽象名词phrasal verb 词组动词 notional concord 意义一致原则auxiliary助动词active voice主动态 open class 开放词类linking verb 连系动词historical present 历史性现在时conjunction 连词 unit noun 单位名词reflexive pronoun 反身代词 second person 第二人称unemphatic use非强调性用法 definite article 定冠词basic clause type分句基本
一、引出开头 1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…） 2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注） 3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题） 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……） 6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……） 8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...） 二、表达不同观点 1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解） 3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） 4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同） 三、表示结尾 1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……） 2：From what has been mentioned above, w e can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……） 3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……） 4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……） 5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点） 6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题） 四、提出建议 1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视） 3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……） 4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……） 5：Spare no effort to+V（不遗余力的） 五、预示后果
【英语】英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A hotel chain is employing human bed warmers to help guests get a good night's sleep. ________ (dress) in special all-in-one sleeping suits, the walking electric blankets are sent to warm the beds of guests staying at the Holiday Inn ________ they get under the covers. Dr Chris Idzikowski, ________ (direct) of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, said the idea could help people get off to sleep. He ________ (explain) that "There's plenty of scientific evidence to show that sleep starts at the beginning of the night ________ body temperature starts to drop. The drop occurs partly because the blood vessels (血管) ________ the hands, face and feet open up and release heat." "A warm bed –approximately 20 to 24 degrees Celsuis –is ________ good way to start this process while a cold bed isn't. It helps people sleep well especially as it's taking much ________ (long) for them to warm up when they come in from the snow." Dr Chris Idzikowski and ________ (he) colleague Jane Bednall said the idea was like "having a giant hot water bottle in your bed". The five-minute free bed warming sessions will be tried out in London and Manchester ________ the end of next month. 【答案】 Dressed；before；director；explained；when；of；a；longer；his；at 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款新发明的暖床器以及使用暖床器的好处。 （1）考查非谓语动词。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。动词dress与这句话的主语the walking electric blankets之间是被动关系，故填Dressed。 （2）考查状语从句。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。根据句意，客人睡觉之前需要暖床，故填before。 （3）考查名词。句意：爱丁堡睡眠中心的主任Chris Idzikowski博士说，这个办法能帮助人们更好地入睡。空格前是一个人名，两个逗号之间的部分是这个人名的同位语，所以应填一个表示人的名词。故填director。 （4）考查时态。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。由上一句中said使用的是一般过去时可知，这句话也应使用一般过去时。故填explained。 （5）考查定语从句。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。根据句意，这是一个定语从句，先行词为the beginning of the night，并且先行词在从句中做时间状语，故填关系词when。 （6）考查介词。句意：人体温度之所以会下降，部分原因在于，（这时）人的手部、脸部以及脚部的血管开始扩张，散发了热量。空前前后都是名词，所以空格处应填介词，the blood vessels与the hands之间属于所属关系，故填of。 （7）考查冠词。句意：温暖的床（温度大约在20到24摄氏度之间）有助于人们入睡而冰冷的床则会妨碍人们入睡。空格位于谓语动词后，空格后为一个可数单数名词短语，所以空格处应填不定冠词。“good”是以辅音音素开始的，故填a。
三天搞定英语语法 英语语法分为两个部分。一个部分是词法，即词的构成和词的使用规律。另一个部分是句法，即句子的组成和句子的使用方法。 英语语法的特点可以用三句话来表示：1、每个词都有词性；2、每句话都有动词(实意动词或系动词)；3、每句话都必须符合五个基本句型。 三句话用一句话来说，就是，标出句中每一个单词的词性，找出句中所有动词，并标出其种类和相应的句子成分。理解，掌握，运用好这句话，按照一：词性；二：动词种类；三：动词相对应的句子成分；四：从句；五：非谓语动词方法就能透彻理解英语语法体系。 词的分类 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功能，可以分成十个大类。 词类词义英语名称缩写形式例词中译 noun n. student 学生 1、名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名 称。 2、代词主要用来代替名词。pronoun pron. you 你 3、形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征。adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4、数词表示数目或事物的顺序。numeral num. three 三 5、动词表示动作或状态。verb v. cut 砍、割 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 6、副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时 间、地点、程度等。 7、冠词用在名词前,帮助说明名词。article art. a 一个 preposition prep. at 在... 8、介词表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句 子成分的关系。 9、连词用来连接词、短语或句子。conjunction conj. and 和 10、感叹词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。interjection interj. Oh 哦 词性的分类: 修饰: 形容数冠代词名词 （red）（one）（a/the）（my）wood 1.名词 代替: 代词it 形容词the red 数词one
英语语法专业术语表达 英语语法语语语语表达 1. Morphology 语法 2,Notional Words 语语语3, Form Words 虚语 4,Parts of Speech 语语 5,The Noun 名语 6,The Pronoun 代语 7,The Numeral 数语 8,The Verb 语语 9,The Adjective 形容语 10. The Adverb 副语 11. The Article 冠语 12. The Preposition 介语 13. The conjunction 语语 14. The Interjection 感语语15. The Particle 小品语 16. Word Building 构语法17. Conversion 语化 18. Derivation 派生 19. Composition 合成 20. Prefix 前语 21. Suffix 后语 22. Compound Words 合成语23. Classification of Nouns 名语的分语
24. Common Nouns 普通名语 25. Proper Nouns 语有名语26. Countable Nouns 可名语数27. Uncountable Nouns 不可名语数28. The Singular Form 语形式数29. The Plural Form 语形式数 30. Individual Nouns个体名语31. Collective Nouns集名语体32. Material Nouns物语名语33. Abstract Nouns抽象名语34. The Common Case普通格35. The Possessive Case所有格36, Personal Pronouns 人代语称37. Possessive Pronouns物主代语38. Self Pronouns反身代语39. Demonstrative Pronouns指示代语40. Interrogative Pronouns疑语代语不意达41. Conjunctive Pronouns语接代语42. Relative Pronouns语系代语43. Indefinite Pronouns不定代语44. Reciprocal Pronouns相互代语45. The Subjective Case主格46. The Objective Case语格47. Cardinal Numerals基语数48. Ordinal Numerals 序语数49. Fractional Numerals分语数50,Notional Verbs语意语语 51. Link Verbs语系语语 52. Auxiliary Verbs助语语 53. Modal Verbs情语语语 54. Transitive Verbs及物语语 55. Intransitive Verbs不及物语语56. Regular Verbs语语语语 57. Irregular Verbs不语语语语 58. Person人称 59. Number数 60. Tense语语 61. Voice语语 62. Mood语气
常见的语法术语摘要 1.名词noun 动词verb 形容词adjective 数词numeral 代词 pronoun 2.介词preposition 副词adverb 连词conjunction 冠词article 感叹词 interjection 3.结构：structure 简单句simple sentences 并列句compound sentences 4.复合句complex sentences 倒装句inverted sentences 省略句elliptical sentences 5.陈述句declarative sentences 疑问句interrogative sentences 6.祈使句imperative sentences 感叹句exclamatory sentences 7.否定句negative sentences 被动句passive sentences 8.虚拟语气句subjunctive sentences 同义句synonymous sentences 9.歧义句ambiguous sentences 委婉句euphemisms 强调句emphasis 10.疑难句difficult sentences 叙述句narrative sentences 说明句expository sentences 11.议论句argumentative sentences 人物描写句descriptive sentences of people 12.动作描写句：descriptive sentences of actions 13.环境描写句descriptive sentences of environment 14.名人语句quotations 格言句maxims 谚语句proverbs 15.状语adverbial 补语complement 宾语object 宾语补助语objective complement 16.表语predicative 主语subject 谓语predicate 谓语动词finite verb 17.非谓语动词non-finite verb 情态动词modal verb 18.并列coordination 选择alternative 转折transition 对比contrast 19.原因cause 结果effect 20.动词时态verb tenses 21.一般现在时simple present (tense) 22.一般过去时simple past (tense) 一般将来时simple future (tense) 23.过去将来时future (tense) in the past 现在完成时present perfect (tense) 24.过去完成时past perfect (tense) 将来完成时future perfect (tense) 25.现在进行时present continuous (tense) 过去进行时past continuous (tense) 26.将来进行时future continuous (tense) 27.现在完成进行时present perfect continuous (tense) 28.主句main clause 从句subordinate clause 29.限定性定语从句restrictive attributive clause 30.非限定性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clause 31.宾语从句object clause 壮语从句adverbial clause 主语从句subject clause 32.表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clause 33.双重复合句double complex sentences 34.多重复合句multiple complex sentences 35.插入语parenthesis 36.IT引导的句子IT sentences
中考必考的30个英语句型，包含词汇，短语和语法解释 1as…as 和……一样 中间必须用形容词或副词原级。例如： This classroom is as big as that one. 这间教室和那间一样大。 He runs as fast as Tom. 他和汤姆跑的一样快。 否定结构：not as/so…as,“不如……”。上面的两个句子可分别改为： This classroom is not as/so large as that one.这间教室不如那间大。 He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom.他跑得不如汤姆快。 2as soon as 一……就…… 用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。例如： I’ll tell him the plan as soon as I see him. 我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。 He’ll go home as soon as he finishes his work. 他一完成工作就回家。 3be busy/enjoy/hate/go on/finish doing sth. 忙于/喜欢/讨厌/继续/完成做某事在enjoy, finish, hate, go on, be busy等词语后，一般用动词-ing形式作宾语。例如： Lin Tao is busy making a model plane. 林涛正忙着做飞机模型。 My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper. 我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。 I hate watching Channel Five. 我讨厌看五频道。
英语语法专业术语 本次听写要求：挑选部分英语术语打在PPT上，学生按序号写出相应中文术语。（一）词类part of speech 实词notional word ['n?u??n?l] 虚词structural word/ form word (e.g. article preposition conjunction interjection) 派生词derivative [di'riv?tiv, d?'riv?tiv] 复合词compound ['k?mpaund,k?m'paund] 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form ['plu?r?l, 'plur?l] 抽象名词abstract noun [?b'str?kt,'?bstr?kt] 具体名词concrete noun ['k?nkri:t] 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb ['tr?nsitiv, 'tr?ns?tiv] 不及物动词intransitive verb [in'tr?nsitiv, in'tr?ns?tiv] 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb [?:g'zilj?ri] 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb ['freizl, 'freiz?l] 限定动词finite verb ['fainait] 非限定动词infinite verb ['infinit, 'inf?nit] 使役动词causative verb ['k?:z?tiv] 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 形容词adjective 比较等级degrees of comparison ☆原级positive degree ☆比较级comparative degree
BE-subjunctive be-型虚拟式object complement 宾语补语 noun phrase of amount or quantity 表示数量概念的名词词组 infinitive 不定式full sentence完全句headword中心词dynamic verb 动态动词cleft sentence 分裂句main clause主句nominative absolute construction 独立主格结构direct object 直接宾语present perfective progressive现在完成进行体subject complement主语补语predicate verb 谓语动词determiner限定词ordinal numeral序数词verbless clause 无动词分句finite verb phrase限定动词词组 possessive pronoun 物主代词gender性main verb 主动词 antecedent先行项subjunctive mood 虚拟式 irregular verb 不规则动词root 词根demonstrative pronoun指示代词semi-auxiliary 半助动词compound complex sentence 并列复杂句passive voice 被动态coordinate construction 并列结构comparative clause 比较分句indefinite pronoun 不定代词 intransitive verb不及物动词vocabulary词汇bound morpheme粘附词素uncountable noun不可数名词morpheme词素central determiner中位限定词indicative mood 陈述式affix 词缀proper noun专有名词 abstract noun 抽象名词phrasal verb 词组动词 notional concord 意义一致原则auxiliary助动词active voice主动态 open class 开放词类linking verb 连系动词 historical present 历史性现在时conjunction 连词 unit noun 单位名词reflexive pronoun 反身代词 second person 第二人称unemphatic use非强调性用法 definite article 定冠词basic clause type分句基本类型 fractional numeral分数词closed class封闭词类 generic reference 类指derivative noun 派生名词 old English古英语complex sentence复杂句 relative clause 关系分句adverb phrase 副词词组 function word 功能词compound word复合词 countable noun 可数名词genitive noun 名词属格 article 冠词notional subject实义主语interjection 感叹词regular plural 规则复数transitive verb 及物动词 past perfective progressive 过去完成进行体mood 语气 implied conditional 含蓄条件句suffix后缀feminine gender阴性collective noun集体名词post-determiner后位限定词 indirect object 间接宾语principle of proximity就近原则 primary auxiliary 基本助动词sentence 句子 concord一致voice 语态common gender通性 question 疑问句base form原形SVOC主—动—宾—补结构imperative mood 祈使式predeterminer前位限定词 inflectional affix 屈折词缀number数voice态 personal pronoun 人称代词double genitive 双重属格 tense 时mood式ditransitive verb双宾语及物动词
【英语】高二英语语法填空模拟试题含解析 一、高中英语语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since ________ first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans ________(find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found ________(it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in ________(environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, ________(small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health ________(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are ________(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came ________ drinking bottled water, in ________ the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet ________(compare) with tap water, The Guardian reports. 【答案】the；have found；its；environmental；smaller；effects；casually；from；which；compared 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了人工塑料渗入到我们生活的方方面面。在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中，研究人员估计，美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒，这些微粒的长度小于5毫米，再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。主要诱因是饮用瓶装水。（1）考查冠词。句意：自从1907年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来。根据first可知此处用冠词the。故填the。 （2）考查时态。句意：人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。since引导的时间从句要用一般过去时，主句要用现在完成时。分析句子成分可知，主语是humans，故谓语动词为have found。故填have found。 （3）考查代词。句意：它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣服甚至我们的身体。way是名词，此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。 （4）考查形容词。句意：在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中。此处要用形容词修饰名词science and technology（科学与技术）。故填environmental。 （5）考查形容词。句意：美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒，这些微粒的长度小于5毫米，再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。根据than可知此处要用形容词比较级。故填smaller。（6）考查名词。句意：尽管食用这些小塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚。根据the health 是主语的一部分，可知此处用名词作主语，且谓语动词是are，故用可数名词复数，填effects。 （7）考查副词。句意：但研究人员强调，人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人担忧。此处要用副词修饰动词swallowing 。故填casually。 （8）考查介词。句意：最大促成物来自饮用瓶装水。come from，固定短语，“来自”。故填from。 （9）考查定语从句。句意：瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子成分可知，先行词为drinking bottled water，指物，且作in的宾语，故此处填which。故填which。
被动语态1：英语中语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 语态的作用：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系。 语态的选用：如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语用主动语态。 被动语态的基本结构: 1.一般现在时:主语+助动词 Be+及物动词的过去分词一般过去时: 主语+助动词 Be 的过去式 was/were+及物动词的过去分词Eg：(1) This kind of computer is made in that company . (2 ) Flowers were watered yesterday . 2. 以下几种情况用被动语态： ( 1)不清楚谁是动作执行者时.eg：My book has been stolen. (2 )没有必要或不想说出动作执行者时.eg：Flowers are grown well there. (3 )强调动作的承受者时; eg: The CD-ROM has been sold out. 3.及物动词能够成被动语态,不及物动词不能够成被动语态.只有这些,不及物动词与介词或副词构成不可分割的短语,并且带有宾语时,才能用被动语态. Eg: The children are looked after very well in the school . 4.有些动词带有双宾语,变成被动语态时,两个宾语都可以作被动语态中的主语,但间接宾语作主语的较多. Eg; Kitty give me an apple. (改成被动式) An apple is given to me 5.有些动词后接不定式作宾语原可省“to”的，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。 Eg ；Her mother makes her read English once a day 。（变被动式） She is made to read English once a day 。（例如感官动词和使役动词：hear ，watch ，make ，help ，let ，see ，have ……）一些有关被动语态的知识点； 1．一般将来时：will / shall be + 及物动词的过去分词 2．现在进行时：am / is / are being + 及物动词的过去分词 3．过去进行时：were / was being + 及物动词的过去分词 4．现在完成时：have / has been + 及物动词的过去分词 5．过去完成时：had / been + 及物动词的过去分词 : 例如：We clean the classroom every day. 如果主语是动作的承受者，或者说是动作的对象，谓语则是要用被动语态。 例如：The classroom is cleaned every day. 2:被动语态的各种形式 1) am/is/are +done eg：I'm asked to take care of myself. eg：Football is played all over the world. 2）has /have been done eg：This book has been translated into many foreign languages. eg：The prices of many goods have been cut again . 3）am/is /are being done eg：A road is being built around the mountain. eg：Many new houses are being built in this city. 4）was/were done eg1：This house was built in 1958. eg2：His leg was broken in an accident. 5）had been done eg1：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.