目录
论文摘要 (2)
Abstract (3)
Appreciating the Tragic from the Works of Shakes peare’s Hamlet (4)
Ⅰ. Introduction (4)
Ⅱ. About the history of tragedy (5)
Ⅲ. The Tragedy’s Characters’ Analysis (8)
Works Cited (19)
论文摘要
威廉·莎士比亚是欧洲文艺复兴时期的代表作家，是英国最伟大的剧作家和诗人，也是世界文学史上最有影响的著名作家之一。他生于1564年，逝世于1616年。莎士比亚一生共写了37部戏剧、154首十四行诗和两首叙事长诗。悲剧《哈姆雷特》代表莎士比亚的最高戏剧成就，成为世界各国人民最喜欢的文学作品之一。在《哈姆莱特》这一不朽剧作中，始终存在着善良与邪恶之间一系列激烈的矛盾冲突。哈姆莱特作为该剧的主要角色，他的命运不可避免地处于这激烈矛盾冲突的漩涡之中。身为王子的哈姆莱特被莎翁塑造为生命之美的典型，他年轻英俊，坚毅勇敢，热爱自己的国家，热爱自己的父王和母后，有着心爱的恋人奥菲利亚，可以说，他的生命正处于人生最美好的时刻。然而，这美好的生命时光瞬息之间又消失了，他是处于一种什么样的环境之中呢？我们看到，当时的丹麦宫廷一片混乱，老王奇怪地驾崩，王后改嫁新王，国外敌军压境，国内群情激愤、一触即发，而宫中却在通宵达旦地酗酒取乐，这一切，都在哈姆莱特年轻美好的生命中投下了巨大的阴影，从而使他郁郁寡欢，认为人间不过是"一个荒芜不治的花园，长满了恶毒的莠草"，这些已经为王子年轻的生命注入了悲剧的因素。随着老王鬼魂的出现，宫廷内幕的揭开，谋杀罪行的暴露，王子心中烈火的燃起，悲剧的帷幕拉开了……面对阴险奸诈的新王，哈姆莱特开始了孤身复仇的行动：为了复仇，他失手杀死了恋人的父亲；为了复仇，他佯装疯狂失去了深爱的情人；为了复仇，他对软弱的母亲冷言相向；为了复仇，他忍受着失去友情的痛苦。最后，在一场血淋淋的宫廷决斗中，他虽然杀死了阴险狡诈的新王，但自己的生命也结束在这"牢狱"般的宫廷中。鲁迅曾经说过："悲剧就是将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看。"哈姆莱特作为一个深受广大群众爱戴的王子，他身上具备整顿局势、治理国家、报仇雪恨的能力。然而面对着以阴险奸诈的新王为代表的强大的封建势力，作为一个资产阶级人文主义者，他始终把这种和人民紧密相连的事业看做个人的仇恨而孤军奋战，因此，他的悲剧既是真善美与邪恶力量相冲突的悲剧，也是一个人文主义时代的悲剧。
关键词：哈姆雷特莎士比亚悲剧性人文主义
Abstract
William Shakespeare is the representative of the European Renaissance writers, is the greatest playwright and poet in United Kingdom, also one of the most influential writers in the literary history of the world. He was born in 1564, and died in 1616. Shakespeare wrote a total of 37 plays, 154 sonnets and two narrative poems in his lifetime. Tragedy "Hamlet" represents the highest drama of Shakespeare's achievements and becomes the most favorite literary one. In "Hamlet," the immortal plays, there was always a series of intense conflict between good and evil. Hamlet as a drama major role, his fate was inevitable trapped in this intense vortex of contradictions and conflicts. As a prince Hamlet had been shaping for a type of beautiful life by Shakespeare. He is young and handsome, courageous and perseverant, and he loves his country, his father and mother, as well as he has a beloved lover Ophelia. All these can be said that he was at the best moment in life. However, this wonderful time of life was rapidly disappeared, so what kind of environment did he exist in? We can see that at that time the Danish court was in a chaotic condition: the strange death of Pharaoh, Queen remarried to new king, foreign enemy pressed on to the border , the revulsion from domestic public was on the verge of breaking out. In contrast, in the palace all the people were performing various kinds of entertainment all through the night. All of these casted a huge shadow on this young and lovely prince and made him unhappy. In his opinion, the world is just "`tis an unweeded garden, that grows to seed", which had motivated the young prince's life into a tragic circumstances. With the emergence of the ghost of Pharaoh, the revealment of the court, the exposure of murder, the Prince ignited the fire in his heart, the tragedy began appear ... ...Face to the insidious and treacherous king, Hamlet started his unaccompanied revenge: In order to revenge, he killed his lover’s father accidentally; he lost lover because he pretended to be crazy; he treated his mother with relentlessly attitude; he endured the pain of the loss of friendship. Finally, in a bloody fight in court, even though he killed the new king, he also brought his life into an end. As a beloved prince, Hamlet could have had capability to rectify the situation, govern the country and take the revenge. However, faced to the treacherous king, represented by powerful feudal forces, as a bourgeois humanist, he always consider this as a individual revenge but not a cause linked closely with the people and stick to go it alone. Therefore, his tragedy not only showed the conflict between kindness and evil forces, but also a tragedy in humanistic era.
Key words: Hamlet, Shakespeare, tragedy, Humanism, conflict
Appreciating the Tragic from the Works of Shakespeare’s Hamlet
Ⅰ. Introduction
Danish Prince Hamlet in Wittenberg University suddenly confronted a series of adversity and family tragedies during his study: the violent death of his father, Uncle Claudius usurped the throne, his mother married to his uncle. All these made him into an extremely pain. Later, the ghost of his father told him that he was poisoned by his uncle. Hamlet believed that his revenge for his father was not only for himself, but the problem of the entire community and the country'. He himself should take up this important task of restructuring the course of events. In addition to consider all aspects of the issue, he was afraid of divulging his feelings and ghost’s false, for fear of falling into the wrong trap. He was so upset and depressed that he had to disguise himself as a fool to mislead the enemy, meanwhile waiting for an opportunity for revenge. Claudius was aware of the danger and tried his best to remove him. And in order to further confirm the fact, Hamlet also instructed his troupe into the palace to play on a performance in which a wicked man killed his brother, seized the throne, and married to his brother’s wife. Claudius was extremely frightened, withdrew from the scene in panic. Hamlet's mother attempted to persuade him to forbear, but she had been accused of her charges, then Hamlet unintentional homicide his lover Ophelia’s father indignantly. Cunning Claudius then sent Hamlet as an ambassador to Britain, in fact he secretly ordered him executed. Hamlet detected this plot and fled to Denmark on the half-way. After he came back, Ophelia had been crazy because of her father’s death and her lover’s departure, then she fell into river and drown to death. Hamlet was angry and sadly then he was trapped into Claudius` deadly plan. As a result, Hamlet and Laertes both suffered the poisonous sword. The queen drunk the poisonous wine, and the king also was stabbed to death. Prince Hamlet entrusted his friends to disseminate his will. This story of a prince’s revenge based on a 12th century Danish. The author considers humanism as his perspective, and this simply story about revenge for father is transformed into a tragedy reflecting an outlook of times with a strong anti-feudal sense. The adoption of an ancient palace vendetta story ruthlessly exposes the dynasty of feudal autocracy headed by Claudius. Meanwhile, Prince Hamlet, represented the humanist, his anti-feudal struggle against tyranny was given a warm appreciation and profound sympathy. Hamlet represents the image of progressive idea of humanism and aspirations at that time, and this book is one
of the world famous literary masterpieces in the art of a typical one.
Ⅱ. About the history of tragedy
Tragedy has a profound beauty, the significance of the existence is that it is not only to earn the audiences or readers` tears with sympathy, but through the whole process of the tragedy, includes the emergence, development and the outcome of the story to arouse people’s awareness to the think about the meaning of life seriously .
Greek tragedy often takes the hopelessness demonstrated under the irresistible fate as its theme, it is also known as the fate tragedy. Ancient Greek tragedy in general describes the conflict between the protagonist’s individual will and the fate. As early as in ancient Greek mythology, the fate is the supreme power to control God and people. In accordance with the concept of the ancient Greeks, fate is irresistible and unknown, which dominates people and God. The background in which this concept is introduced is that the mankind is living in the context of low productivity period.
The so-called "fate" takes the necessity of the objective regulation as its essence. Limited to a low level in thought and science, the ancient Greeks can not understand it. The so-called conflict between man and the fate actually reflects the conflicts between people and the outside world environment, between people. Fate tragedy reflects the contradictions with a special form by ancient Greeks. The three poets have three different understanding about fate. From the ancient Greek tragedy, we can see the development of the fate concept which constantly embodies the humanism.
Aeschylus was known as the "Father of the tragedy". The poet, as the representative writer during the formation of the ancient Greek tragedy, whose view about fate excessively inherited the more traditional concept owned by the ancient Greeks. Aeschylus regards fate as a specific God. He thinks that fate dominates all of the things, including the disposal of God, while he also stressed the human will. Therefore, he tends to show the darkness of life, but as a devout monotheist, he doesn’t portray the world as a hell. He warned his countrymen who are keen for infighting: the conviction of Providence will bring the people to justice and harmony. Greek tragedy’s early concepts on fate have a religious and divine nature, which is the ideal embodiment of human nature as well as enlightenment of humanity.
The second tragedy poet, Sophocles put forward doubts and challenges about the destiny. In his view, the God of fate is not specific but a mysterious and elusive force, because there is an evil nature
of teasing on it. The hero who has courage to protest the fate is worthy of sympathy and praise, although the final outcome can only be a tragedy. Stressed a resistant and strong will against fate, his view on fate also became the representative one in this phase of ancient Greek tragedy. In Sophocles' works, the tragedy is no longer a person becomes the plaything of God or fate, but the frustrated end got after the effort to counter tragic fate imposed on them. The protagonist in his book is changed from slavery into the hero of the fate. In Sophocles` mind, although the fate is irresistible, its justice and rationality is doubtful. In this stage the progressive fate concepts of the tragedy lies in affirming the value of human and the view on humanism is more manifested deeper.
Euripides far surpassed the two predecessors; the ancient Greek tragedy is more progressive. He has completely shifting attention from God to the people. He criticized the theistic ethics and do not believe in fate. He believed that the fate of the people exist in themselves, and stressed that all depends on human’s effort and the destiny is seized in their own hands. By this period, the ancient Greek tragedy in the concept of the fate has been fully reflected the humanism so that they attach importance to the role. The tragedy insists that human effort is the decisive factor and confirms that the people have courage to change the status quo to fight for their own rights, all of which are more progressive and modern than their predecessors.
Although the three tragedy writers have different concepts of fate, they are around the same theme of conflict between person's will and destiny. In their works, in different ways, in the face of falling into the unjust fate, the heroes are determined and dedicated to the conduct of the heroic resistance. Hamlet shaped by Shakespeare, whose artistic image and his character is followed the characteristics of tragic art, so that the protagonist Hamlet was a great successful shape.
With regard to the substance of Shakespeare's tragedy has always been diverse. Relatively there are well-known character tragedy, the social tragedy and the fate tragedy.
As the endless depression, indecision and hesitation, Hamlet delayed time, such as to result in the loss of the opportunity for revenge. He was entrusted by the ghost of his father. Two months later, he still immersed in depression, even pretend to be mad. If we say that this is out of prudence, but after he arranged the "Mouse Trap", then the truth had been disclosed, he should take action to revenge. Especially when Claudius was praying alone, he could have attacked him, taking execution of the sinner, but he also gave up the opportunity. No matter what is the reason for the delay, but his actions
what he does has showed his indecision and melancholy, which is no doubt constitute one of the reasons for the formation of the tragedy.
However, it is unilateral that we regard tragedy caused just by the shortcomings and weaknesses showed on the character. The tragedy of Hamlet clearly has a more direct relationship with the powerful and evil forces. Shakespeare's tragedy was also known as the social tragedy, which is introduced by the contradiction between the humanistic ideals and the social reality in United Kingdom. "Hamlet" displays the conflicts between humanistic ideals conforming to the requirements of the times and the evil forces caused by the feudal forces and capitalist primitive accumulation. Thus problems impeded the realization of the ideal of humanism, instead of forming a dark and cruel era, causing the tragedy of Hamlet.
Of course, another force can not be ignored, which is fate. However, it is inappropriate that completely considering Shakespeare's tragedy to be the fate tragedy, because in Shakespeare's tragedy, the hero is not entirely controlled by fate and not indifferent to their own destiny or human well-being. While to a large extent, the formation of the tragedy is exactly the result of the choice of freedom, which means the hero’s character is closely related to the formation of the tragedy though it isn’t a fundamental factor. Nevertheless, we refuse to recognize that it is the fate of tragedy, which does not mean that the complete denial of the fate concepts concept, in fact, Shakespeare's tragedy indeed exist a supreme mysterious force which reigns the world. This mysterious power gives rise to ignorance and blindness of people. They feel helpless in dealing with disaster despite they have tried their best, so that the hero of the tragedy doomed to suffer misfortune. And Hamlet is dead to end up.
In the tragedy, especially the medium-term tragedy, friendship, love, affection is so fragile that it is believed thoroughly that on a secular sense, all these feelings are hopeless and invalid. In order to satisfy their own lust for power and passion, Claudius regardless of brotherhood became a murder of his brother, who usurped the throne, persecute nephew. Just two months after the old king `s dead, Gertrude remarried to the new king, who murdered his husband. As the most beloved girl, Ophelia also can not understand Hamlet's difficulties. Besides, best friends, also act as pawns of the enemy.
Faced with “the weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable world” and "unweeded garden"; Faced with the fact that father was assassinated, uncle usurped the throne, mother committed incest, and friends betrayed the friendship, Shakespeare chooses to Hamlet trapped into depression even go crazy but not
take revenge for his father, nor allow him to restructure the course of events, which is the learning emerged in the history of the famous writer Shakespeare: Hamlet's delay.
Ⅲ. The Tragedy’s Characters’ Analysis
3.1 The Tragedy of Hamlet---A Hesitate and Depressed Avenger
It is undoubtedly that Hamlet’s most outstanding performance in character is his indecision. Faced with the fact that his father was poisoned, his mother was possessed by his uncle, royal power was thieved, the state was coveted, Hamlet had a strong desire for revenge: “Rest, rest, perturbed spirit!/So, gentlemen,/With all my love I do commend me to you:/And what so poor a man as Hamlet is/May do, to express his love and friending to you ,/God willing, shall not lack. Let us go in together;/And still your fingers on your lips ,I pray./The time is out of joint; O cursed spite,/That ever I born to set it right!/Nay, come, let’s go together.” Roar, swear, which expressed determinedly Hamlet is apodictic to their firm belief in revenge. But on the other hand, about kill the enemy, a seemingly simple move, Hamlet has showed the unusual concerns. He should have had several occasions to kill enemy, but in this complex thought, the Revenge plans always failure to achieve success. Even when he encountered the enemy praying for his own sins, the idea of revenge just flashed, and then he transferred to the thinking of the value of time: “Now might I do it pat, now he is praying;/ And now I’ll do it: and so he goes to heaven; /And so am I revevg`d. That would be scan`d:/A villain kills my father; and for that,/I, his sole son, do this same villain send/To heaven.” So, first of all, Hamlet’s revenge turned into an ideological struggle.
“But that the dread of something after death, /The undiscover`d country from whose bourn/No traveler returns, puzzles the will,/And thus the native hue of resolution/Is sicklied o`er with the pale cast of thought,/And enterprises of great pith and moment/With this regard their currents turn awry,/And lose the name of action.” A revenge plan was interpreted a painful breakout of thinking. In this process, Hamlet constantly felt the darkness of the community, trying to let himself into this dark world, and in the same ways to deal with the enemy; but belief in humanity and justice were performing the instinctive resistance. In these ideological conflicts, so called tit-for-tat, Hamlet carried out a difficult transformation and choices. “and indeed it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame, the arth, seems to me a sterile promontory; this most excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave o`er hanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire, why, it appears no other thing to me but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours. What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! how infinite in faculty! in form , in moving, how express and admirable! In action how like an
angel! In apprehension how like a god! The beauty of the world! The paragon of animals! And yet, to me, what is this quintessence of dust?”Pay attention, here, Hamlet’s tone is sarcastic. This not only expressed his suspicion on the status of persons, but also reflected a kind of order concept of the times. So he began to survey everything around him with a doubtful attitude: the hypocrisy of human nature, the inconstancy of human relationship, the injustice of world. . . . . . Finally, finally such suspicion reached a state of apex：＂To be, or not to be＂. His top priority is to revenge, with the revitalization of the country. This overloaded thinking for the meaning of life no doubt played a role of intensifying Hamlet's indecision.
The fate depends on the character, which is an eternal truth. The tragic character of Hamlet lays a foundation for his tragic fate. As this kind of character, he had been suffering hard ideas of revenge. Revenge had become his all. All of these caused that he coldly treat his coward mother , turned a blind eye to the beloved woman, killed his wife's father by himself, and eventually he fell into the trap laid by enemy. Finally, finally he achieved the desire for vengeance, but all nice things fell to pieces: Hamlet's ambition, lover’s young life, mother's fragile survival.
Good things are destroyed by a near-perfect person, which is a tragedy. The root cause of this tragedy is Hamlet’s indecision in character, so this is the tragedy of character.
(A) Idealism
In Hamlet's character, there is a strong tendency to idealize. He was dedicated himself on human life, the universe, as well as good and evil of the idealized natural society, in which he took the ethical values as a yardstick to measure all the people and things around. There is no doubt that Hamlet’s idealistic tendency reflects the optimism of life as a humanist, as well as the strong desire of improving society in accordance with their own political ideals and moral ideals. For Hamlet, Denmark is like a prison. Because he lacks of solid realistic foundation for his ideals, thinking and action are out of line. In the face of harsh reality, fantasy just like balderdash, is feeble. For Hamlet, making vigorous efforts to turn the situation alone, as Goethe said, is "an incompetent body of persons can not be responsible for a great cause". But the crux of the problem is that Hamlet is not the lack of "strong energy ", but first of all, because of the weakness of the outdated ideals he believed in.
(B) Exploration and reflection of the philosophy
In accordance with medieval feudal morality, as a feudal prince, Hamlet’s revenge for the father is
a sacred and incumbent duty. If Hamlet is keen to bloody revenge unscrupulously just as Laertes, killing a Claudius is not a problem for Hamlet. However, Hamlet is not Laertes, he is a feudal prince with humanistic ideology in the Renaissance, which determines that he can not always be keen on feudal personal bloody revenge, but should make a linkage between his personal revenge and the humanistic new concept about harmony and order of the countries. This resulted in the delay of his actions.
Hamlet's philosophical exploration and reflection first performed on the suspicion of the ghost’s words. Ghost exists objectively. Hamlet is convinced of the supernatural force. Therefore, the key of the problem is: whether the supernatural image is father's honest ghost, or the incarnation of the devil? This requires that there is sufficient evidence to prove the ghost be true.
Thereof, it introduced the question of Hamlet’s crazy and a series of dramatic action. He gradually deepened his exploration to the events and the people surround him, and the surrounding events also stirred up his reflection. However, the deeper he reflected and explored, the greater his self-awareness split, and his subjectivity became weaker. In the fourth act, the fourth scene, Hamlet has this monologue: “Now, whe`r it be/Bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple/Of thinking too precisely on the event,/A thought, which, quarter`d, hath but one part wisdom,/And ever three parts coward, I do not know/Why yet I live to say `This thing `s to do`;/ Sith I have cause and will and strength and means/To do `t”. Thus it can be seen, the crux of the problem does not lie in whether Hamlet has revenge motivation, determination and strength, but rather how to put his determination and strength of revenge into action.
(C) Self-analysis and self-denial
Hamlet's exploration and reflection of reality is accompanied by self-exploration and self-reflection. With the deepening of the understanding of the reality, also they continued to deepen their self-awareness. However, when this understanding is no longer to go on, that is to say when they can not understand the contradictions exist in all sorts of causal link in reality and their self-action can not be recognized in reality, their exploration and reflection on the philosophy are transformed into self-reflection and analysis.
Faced with Denmark, the big jail, which was composed of prison cells, Hamlet issued from the heart the voices of suffering: “The time is out of joint; O cursed spite,/That ever I born to set it right!” Goethe takes this remark as Hamlet’s"key to the whole operation," which is obviously right. I think this
sentence reflects Hamlet’s understanding of reality, which embodies his self-confidence and the strength of self-affirmation, but also implies a self-denial. Hamlet's psychological development is a process of gradual transformation from self-affirmation to self-negation. “What a piece of work is a man……..”, but in Hamlet’s opinion, “what is this quintessence of dust?” Since the value of human existence is only much better than this, what’s the meaning of the existence and operation itself?
So, “To be, or not to be” becomes a question that has to be considered. In Hamlet's inner world, to death, he was full of desire and fear. Being immersed in such a tribulation, Hamlet neither dragged out an ignominious existence, nor actively took action to come forward with resist. Therefore, in such a painful self-analysis and self-choice，“Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, /And thus the native hue of resolution /Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought, /And enterprises of great pith and moment /With this regard their currents turn awry /And lose the name of action.” The Prince of Norway Fortinbras “To all that fortune, death and danger dare,/Even for an egg-shell” which made Hamlet be shameful to make self-inductance. He realized that: “Rightly to be great/Is not to stir without great argument,/But greatly to find quarrel in a straw/When honor’s at the stake.”“O, from this time forth,/My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth!” Although it is an idea of bloodshed, when the idea is taken into action, metaphysic and physic are interwoven into Hamlet's psychological trajectory. In the fifth-act, the second scene, Hamlet said to his Friend Horatio that how to alter credentials, which lead to his classmates` death in stead of him. However, Hamlet looked at his own behavior like this: “Rashly,/And prais`d be rashness for it, let us know,/Our indiscretion sometimes serves us well/When our deep plots do pall; and that should teach us/There’s a divinity that shapes our ends,/Rough-hew them how we will”. This kind of psychological tendency also showed Hamlet an attitude to treat the final duel: “there’s a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, `tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now, yet it will come; the readiness is all.” To my way of thinking, “the readiness is all” testified that metaphysical sense of destiny had gradually ascended to the dominant tendency. So in this unpleasant dilemma plight, Hamlet obtained relief in the fatalistic sense……This is his performance of tendency of self-denial in the final, which is based on the skepticism on the ideal of life and widespread faith and on the sense of disillusionment.
(D) Morbid depression
In Hamlet, he has a kind of morbid psychological depression syndrome. The contradiction between ideal and reality led to the ideal burst, forcing the character to conduct his exploration and reflection
for the ideal and reality environment, but also contributing to the fissile of the ideal personality. Because he could not find a way out in this exploration and reflection, Hamlet moved it into self-exploration and self-reflection. In self-denial, the development of depression peaked.
In character Hamlet, melancholy burst together with the ideal’s failure. At the beginning, Hamlet grieved for two matters, which were the sudden death of his father and incest of his mother: “t hat this too too solid flesh would melt,/Thaw and resolve itself into a dew……”. The ghost’s emergence diffused Hamlet's melancholy throughout his world: “indeed it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame, the earth, seems to me a sterile promontory; this most excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave o`erhanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire, why, it appears no other thing to me but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours.” In Hamlet’s view, a person “is the quintessence of dust”. Painful self-examination further strengthened Hamlet's self-awareness and finally it caused the fatalism oriented self-denial.
3.2The conflict between Hamlet and Claudius---An Ambitious Usurper
The conflict displayed in the opera mainly focus on the impact between Hamlet and King Claudius. Although he was quite courageous, and is loyal to love, but his behavior brought the demoralization of society and the national power’s eclipse, and caused flatterers be in power. In order to further consolidate political power, this hypocrite also desired to entice Laertes to kill Hamlet. His cunning was outrageous. Times can be changed, but people's desire is endless.
Claudius in the play had been in the position of best advantage. From the start, he showed himself with "not to forget our own part of the job" as an excuse to dispel the grief appeared on all people for king’s dead. Meanwhile, he wrote a letter to advise the Old Norwegian king to stop the rashness of his son little Fortinbras, from which we could see that he is a political master. First he successfully got advocated in political power, by this way, he stabilized his throne and regime achieved before long. Claudius in the story always appeared in a benevolent image, and in fact he was extremely scheming even we can say he was a conspirators, who took his actions carefully and step by step, for fear that there would be wrong. He is a hidden brutality, and never exposed himself. These are what many people evaluate for him. Seen from the several testing, he is a perfectly good conspirator. Perhaps this is some kind of obvious hint, which doomed Hamlet is different from Claudius in essence, just as the opposition between justice and evil. Claudius in the story is objective and true, who is full of worldly
desires and perceptions. For sake of his own desire and the throne he betrayed his brother. At that time, regicide and capture often happened in the struggle in court, which seems to be done by anyone in their right mind in the court, including his betrayal of his brother, murder of Hamlet. It is unintentional to carry out favorable or derogatory evaluation to Claudius, because all people have the desire, which is very realistic, especially in the prevailing social environment and political environment. We can only say that Claudius` betrayal was produced by a strong potential desire for selfish in human nature, moreover, it is associated with his experience in a variety of infighting emerged in the palace in which he lived for a long time. People are individual, society is a whole community. As an individual existed in a society, whatever he does actually is constricted by the reality of society. So human being could not be said to dominate their society, but society determined them, which is the human nature in society and the so-called desire. At that time, under the circumstances of the unrest and political instability, Claudius doesn’t reconcile to be a figure without power. Just because of his aspiration for the throne, he has no choice except to realize his betrayal to his brother. However he is also at a loss and he is a very real person whose sense of self-knowledge is strong. Therefore he is clear to the present situation, and he is well aware of his danger in such a stormy state, so he has to take actions. He very clearly knows that his evil is notorious. He once prayed for his sin, but he always desired to achieve his aim that is the throne and ambition. Finally, he also died in Hamlet's sword. For Claudius, this might be his best end-result, he is also a tragedy. It seems to me that Claudius and Hamlet was a symbol of the battle between justice and evil.
3.3The conflict between Hamlet and his mother Gertrude---A Fragile but Strong
Mother
Gertrude is the most unjustly tre ated character in Hamlet. Hamlet “will speak daggers to her, but use none”. In the ghost and closet scenes, Gertrude, put on trial, is told she is what is rotten in Denmark. And at the end she is abandoned and killed. To begin, let us list the charges made by the prosecution, Gertrude is allegedly guilty of committing adultery: “ makes marriage vows/As false as dicers` oaths”; being complicit in the murder of her husband and living with the assassin of her deceased husband: “ As kill a king and marry with h is brother”; failing to observe proper mourning: “a beast that wants discourse of reason/Would have mourned l onger”; remarrying excessively fast: “The funeral baked meats/Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables”; and “O most wicked speed”;
committing incest: “With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!”; being compulsively sexual: “to live/In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed/Stewed in corruption, honeying, and making love”; exercising gross lack of judgement: “married with mine Uncle,/My father’s brother, but no more like my father/Then I to Hercules”,” to decline/Upon wretch……and prey on garbage”; neglecting her duty to her son: “I lack advancement”; being fickle and false: “frailty, thy name is woman”,an d “most seeming virtuous queen”.
The queen Gertrude is not bad, but she is weak in personality. As the old king's wife, she even easily believed that her husband’s sudden death was a fact. It is surprising that she was actually easy to marry immediately though her ex-husband died two months ago. Such acts, how can it be convinced of her people as a country’s queen? In order to lust for her vanity and wealth, she abandoned the sense of morality and values, gave up the dignity should not be discarded.
I always feel that the queen actually knew what had happened but for the purpose of something hidden inside, she didn’t disclose the truth. As a middle-aged woman with a son who had grown up and is rich in learning, which is enough to inherit the throne, she absolutely could make alternative choice besides married to the murder. For example, she could use great strength to support his son, like the Empress dowager Cixi who held court from behind a screen in a dignified way. That would not cause the country fell into the hands of the villain. Why did not she do so? The only explanation is that she doesn’t want to concentrate on the politics of the state. She tends to be protected by a man, by which she feels happiness. Based on this guess, I think the queen is a mature and hard-hearted woman. Her heartlessness isn’t reflected in the treatment for others, but in the murder of her own moral values. She is a smart woman, so she knows what she needs and which kind of ways she needs to protect herself after losing husband and throne. Therefore, she opted for a compromise, after this, she slowly forced herself to forget the truth in mind. If it can not be forgotten, she will choose to ignore it. Gradually, she actually becomes happy. A woman, who is able to convince herself and, ultimately, compromises to desire, is a tough woman. She has to get rid of justice in her mind so as to relieve herself. The queen buried the riddles in the bottom of the heart, and only showed to herself, never to others.
3.4The conflict between Hamlet and his lover Ofelia---A Kind and Innocent Girl
Compared with the queen, Ophelia is a kind youthful girl, who is on behalf of the fragility. Hamlet
loves this girl. He wrote to her, recited to her, and put the head rested on her dainty legs, kissed her forehead and small hands ... ... but because he was in danger, and waiting for an opportunity to revenge for his father, he had to disguise himself as a crazy, often had to say something sarcastic to his wife. Ophelia is so simple that she believes that everyone in the world is like an angel. Such a woman can not afford to resistance in real life even a small shock, not to mention a bloody calamity. Ophelia is really pathetic! First, she lost lover, then lost his father, she could not face up to it all --- her ideal world is not the case. In her world, apart from the fairy tale of love, the rest are beautiful violets and lilies. When the dream is broken, she also is broken. She was too delicate and too easily to be destroyed.
At the beginning of the play, Ophelia is a happy, energetic young woman of fourteen or fifteen. She speaks with strength and wit to her brother as he leaves for Paris, and for some time she has been caught up in a love affair with Hamlet, a man twice her age. Agency, desire, and a sense of self are developing quickly. To use the play’s imagery, Ophelia is an “infant of the spring,”a “tender bud”enjoying “the morn and liquid dew of youth”.
Ophelia is a beautiful, young, pure, non-life girl, but she is also a tragedy, for her love and happiness has always been unable to be grasped. She loves Hamlet and would like to accept his love, but because of his father she has to far from him. She wants to love, but she is occupied by her hesitation and her father’s warn, making the beautiful love trapped into an indefinite future, leaving behind the endless distress and regret. In the end her father's death dealt a serious blow to her, because it was her beloved Hamlet that had killed his father. Then she was crazy due to her fragility: wearing the garland full of the body, she climbed onto the tree on the riverside, and then she fell into the water from the tree. With the water drifting down, she was sinking slowly, until to die. For a girl, she thinks there are two things in life are the most important: love and family. But now she has lost both of them suddenly, which is undoubtedly a heavy blow. Her madness or her death is a mournful ending. She is always immersed in the struggle between love and affection and. It is better to say that this is her choice. When all that she hates to leave has gone, what can repair the broken heart? So she chose to leave, perhaps in another country she would find a piece of her love.
Ⅳ. The Influence Elements of the Tragedy’s Accomplishment
4.1 Subjective reason:
Before the death of the old king, Hamlet is like the flowers living in the greenhouse. His social status is a Danish prince, in the material, he is very rich; in the respect of spirit, he is attending in the Wittenberg University, accepting the ideas of humanism. His world is full of boundless enthusiasm His love is also in the field of endless vision. In his letter to Ophelia, he said: “Doubt thou the stars are fire;/Doubt that the sun doth move;/Doubt truth to be a liar;/But never doubt I love”. It can be said at this time Hamlet is very happy, and simple. The darkness of society in his life has no chance to emerge. In such a way of life, he could have maintained his innocence with a positive attitude towards life. But less than two months, the old king died, and Hamlet’s uncle inherited the throne, his mother had become the new king's wife. The shocking news made our prince involved into fear. He felt it unusual, but he had n’t courage to investigate the truth. He has his own resistance, which is silent. Distressed expression becomes his only way to show his paradox on his face. His resistance is to no avail, so he only silently accepted the arrangements of the king and queen to remain in Denmark. He wanted to fight, wanted to put up a struggle, but under the external, intangible, and tremendous pressure, he only endured.
4.2 Objective reason
The character traits demonstrated in Hamlet did not happen by chance, but there is a profound social and historical root causes. Shakespeare's era is a time of transition. The United Kingdom in Renaissance was in the historical turning point from feudalism to capitalism. The development of capitalism fundamentally shook all bases on which existence of feudalism depended. All aspects of social life have undergone tremendous changes, with the words of Hamlet it is "The time is out of joint", which is reflected not only in individuals, but also in people's subjective consciousness, religious concepts, and moral concepts and values views. For idealists, this is an era full of hope, but also full of too many disappointment.
Hamlet's performance on the character also depends on the complexity of the figure class nature determined by the social and historical patterns mentioned above. On the one hand, Hamlet is a young student with humanistic thinking, while he is also a feudal Prince originated from nobility. As the former, Hamlet is fully aware of the disjointed times and his great responsibility for restructuring. As the latter, he was inextricably linked to the old age in material and spirit; he could not allow the existence of progression beyond its own social history. In addition, the emerging capitalist class has
not yet been mature enough to completely get rid of the feudal shackles. All these have decided that Hamlet's restructuring can not be a social reformation of any sense. Therefore it is impossible for Hamlet to realize his ideal. Under such circumstances, his skepticism, cynicism, despair, morbid depression and even the sense of fate are the inevitable results in logic ultimately.
Tragedy itself has infinite attraction, and "Hamlet" is such a tragedy of Shakespeare against the backdrop of Renaissance, of which everywhere is full of humanism. In "Hamlet", the embodiment of humanism is Hamlet's attitude to human. Hamlet is a typical humanist. Humanism is the core thinking in the Renaissance, which propagandas that human beings dominate the universe. Before he knew the truth, he had great enthusiasm and better hope for the world and human. After he knew the truth of his father’s death, he sighed: “Denmark is a prison.” What he thought are a manifestation of humanism.
"Hamlet" also reflects the humanism in Hamlet’s concept of equality. In drama, he said to his servant: “Sir, my good friend; I’ll change that name with you.” In Hamlet’s heart, inferiority is equal to superiority, he believes everyone is equal.
In "Hamlet", Humanism is also showed on the kind-hearted characters. Hamlet was a kind younger, which is compared with his evil uncle Claudius. In the play the most pure girl Ophelia, she can not tolerant any stains in the world. It is the most beautiful in human nature'.
"Hamlet" also reflected the negative aspects in humanism. In Renaissance, people excessively emphases on the strength of themselves, which resulted in the expansion of personal desires. It is precisely because of the desires, Hamlet's uncle Claudius killed his brother, and moreover, in order to satisfy his own desires, he cheated to marry his sister-in-law. When he realized that Hamlet knew his secret, he also set up some deadly trap one after another to get rid of Hamlet. Personal desire let Claudius be a devil, a very cunning person.
In "Hamlet", Humanism in Hamlet is more apparently reflected in the hero's personality. Hamlet has firm belief and responsibility. When he learned the cause of his father's death, he then took the duty of revenge and restructuring task. Hamlet is calm and rational. To determine whether the cause of his father’s death was true, Hamlet arranged a performance, the content of which is adapted from the death of his father's. In this scene, Hamlet determined the fact by observing the facial expressions of Claudius. While Hamlet is a vigorous youth, he loves Ophelia and abhors Claudius. With these advantages of Hamlet, as a human being, Hamlet also has his weakness. Hamlet is a cowardly person
with hesitate character, because he is the Giants of the language, but the Dwarfs of the action. He spent too much time to think but not to take practical action. When Claudius was in prayer, he should have had an opportunity to kill Claudius, but he given up this excellent opportunity. "To be or not to be, that is a problem." Thinking more is not good as a real action. This is a tragedy, so Hamlet is a tragic hero.
But the humanism in Hamlet also has its limitations. In the progress of revenge, Hamlet just wanted to rely on his own strength to complete his revenge and the enormous task of transforming society, while he never considered relying on the strength of the public to realize his wishes. What’s more, he is good at thinking but not at the action in his personality, which also brought the tragedy to his life.
Humanism itself has great charm. Most people appreciate the real people rather than those illusory Gods - they goes beyond human’s capacity. Why "Hamlet" is loved by people probably because its humanism which let us feel a real person, the beauty of the humanity and the great power of people.
Ⅴ. Conclusion:
“Hamlet" displays the problems emerged in the development of human being. They are power, status, hatred, anger, and war, etc. All these are the problems long perplexed human development. In drama, the person competed for the throne, the guardian of the throne and the person struggled for justice, their fate is the same -- death. This does not mean that Shakespeare's pessimism; on the contrary, it is this kind of tragedy that arouses our spiritual resonance.
Why is Hamlet an image with the beauty of the tragedy? The key lies in all the conflicts. The tragedy reveals the inevitability of conflict, which destructed the valuable things. In this way, the tragedy expressed the affirmation of truth, kindness and beauty. Hamlet's death won against the old regime, which is tragic and moving but not pessimistic. Through the tragedy, we see a new hopeful life from the hero.
Works Cited
Corum, Richard. Understanding Hamlet. Beijing: Chinese People University Press, 2007.
Liang, Qiuyi. William Shakespeare, The Four Great Tragedies. Beijing: Chinese Radio Television Press, 2001.
Zhang Chong. Topics on Shakespeare. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004. 肖四新：《莎士比亚戏剧与基督教文化》，成都：四川出版集团，巴蜀书社，2007。
贺祥麟：《莎士比亚研究文集》，陕西：陕西人民出版社，1982。
张泗洋：《莎士比亚的三重戏剧》，长春：东北师范大学出版社。
在一种悲喜交集的情绪之下，让幸福和忧郁分据了我的两眼，殡葬的挽歌和结婚的笙乐同时并奏，用盛大的喜乐抵消沉重的不幸（克劳狄斯） 啊，但愿这一个太坚实的肉体会融解、消散，化成一片露水！或者那永生的真神不曾制定禁止自杀的律法！上帝啊！上帝啊！人世间的一切在我看来是多么可厌、陈腐、乏味而无聊！（哈姆雷特独白之一） 脆弱啊，你的名字就是女人！（哈姆雷特独白之一） 他有这样高的地位，他的意志并不属于他自己，因为他自己也要被他的血统所支配；他不能像一般庶民一样为自己选择，因为他的决定足以影响整个国本的安危，他是全身的首脑，他的选择必须得到各部分肢体的同意（雷欧提斯） 一个自爱的女郎不应该向月亮显露她的美貌；圣贤也不能逃避馋口的中伤；春天的草木往往还没有吐放它们的蓓蕾，就被蛀虫蠹蚀；朝露一样晶莹的青春，常常会受到罡风的吹打。所以留心吧，戒惧是最安全的方策；即使没有旁人的诱惑，少年的血气也要向他自己叛变。（雷欧提斯） 不要想到什么就说什么，凡事必须三思而行。对人要和气，可以不要过分狎昵。相知有素的朋友，应该用钢圈箍在你的灵魂上，可是不要对每一个泛泛的新知滥施你的交情。留心避免和人家争吵，可是万一争端已起，就应该让对方知道你不是可以轻侮的。倾听每一个人的意见，可是只对极少数人发表你自己的看法；接纳每一个人的批评，可是保留你自己的判断。尽你的财力购制贵重的衣服，可是不要炫新立异，必须富丽而不浮艳，因为服装往往可以可以表现人格……不要向人告贷，也不要借钱给人，因为贷款放了出去，往往不但丢了本钱，而且还失去了朋友；向人告贷的结果，是容易养成因循懒惰的习惯。有其要紧的，你必须对你自己忠实；正像有了白昼才有黑夜一样，对自己忠实，才不会对别人欺诈。（波洛涅斯） 在热情燃烧的时候，一个人无论什么盟誓都会说出口来……不要相信他的盟誓，因为它们都是诱人堕落的淫谋，用庄严神圣的的辞令，掩饰淫邪险恶的居心。（波洛涅斯） 在个人方面也常常是这样，有些人因为身体上长了丑陋的的黑痣——这本来是天生的缺陷，不是他们自己的过失——或者生就一种令人侧目的怪僻，虽然特每年此外还有很多纯洁优美的品性，可是为了这一个缺点，往往会受到世人的歧视。一点点恶癖往往遮盖了高贵的品性，败坏了一个人的声誉。（哈姆雷特） 最轻微的一句话，都可以使你魂飞魄散，使你年轻的血液凝冻成冰，使你的双眼像脱了轨道的星球一样向前突出，使你的纠结的鬈发根根分开，像愤怒的豪猪身上的刺毛一样森然耸立；可是这一种永恒的神秘，是不能向血肉的凡耳宣示的。（哈姆雷特父亲的鬼魂） 可是正像一个贞洁的女子，虽然淫欲罩上神圣的外表也不能把她煽动一样，一个淫妇虽然和光明的天使为偶，也会有一天厌倦于天上的唱随之乐，而宁愿搂抱人间的朽骨。（哈姆雷特父亲的鬼魂） 是的，我要从我的记忆的碑版上拭去一切琐碎愚蠢的记录、一切书本上的格言、一切陈言套语、一切过去的印象、我的少年的阅历所留下的痕迹，只让你的命令留在我的脑筋的书卷里，不搀杂一点下贱的废料；是的，上天为我作证！（哈姆雷特独白之二） 简洁是智慧的灵魂、冗长是肤浅的藻饰（波洛涅斯） “给那天仙化人的、我的灵魂的偶像，最美丽的奥菲利娅——”（波洛涅斯读哈姆雷特给奥菲利娅的信）“你可以疑心星星是火把；
哈姆莱特生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。死了；睡着了；睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生？谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。且慢！美丽的奥菲利娅！——女神，在你的祈祷之中，不要忘记替我忏悔我的罪孽。 朱生豪：生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。
孙大雨：是生存还是消亡，问题的所在。 梁实秋：死后是存在，还是不存在——这是问题。 卞之琳：活下去还是不活，这是问题。 许国璋：是生，是死，这是问题。 王佐良：生或死，这就是问题所在。 方平：活着好，还是死了好，这是个问题。 哈姆雷特赏析 一个人刚睡醒的时候是迷惑的，因为他刚刚被上帝用死亡玩弄。而可怜的哈姆雷特在每一次演出结束时都要带着文艺复兴的回声死去，所以他的每一次出现都带给人清醒着的迷惑，正如同宗教对思想的影响一样。就像对待宗教的态度，一直以来我们不得不放弃某些疑惑以便能够更专注地对被公认的东西进行没完没了地阐述，并将这种阐述作为成就且引以自豪，这种状况在相当长的时期内并没有得到任何改观。人们大都对哈姆雷特给予人类的描述不能释怀，历史则习惯性地记忆了所谓的对人文主义最精彩的论述：那一件了不起的杰作，那么高贵的理性，伟大的理想，优美的仪表和文雅的举动；行为像天使，智慧像天神；宇宙的精华，万物的灵长。而哈姆雷特在这段话里随后对人性的蔑视及他所表现出的对人文主义的完美存在性的深刻怀疑，或者更进一步说成是毫不犹豫的否定，却让我们长久以来幼稚地将他看作一个由理想和现实的矛盾造就的“延宕的王子”。当然人们也将这种文艺复兴时期的矛盾看作是紧随的古典主义的启蒙，然后就深陷于这种“灵与肉”的争斗而不知不觉。等到18世纪，思想者们仿佛给出了一个很具有中庸精神的总结，我想大部分人都难免会很辩证地对这种中国式的折衷表现出潜意识层面上的些许认同。如果再往后看，整个文学史也就这样一直在理智和情欲，道德约束和人本自由这样若干对立的因素间徘徊游戏。我们已经习惯了对立统一，习惯了对文学史进行仿佛哲学例证一样的阐述，习惯了迷失在“作家通过什么表达了对什么的思索和苦闷”之类的主观论断之中，习惯了对一部作品进行分类学一般的研究方式。懒惰的我们甚至可以很轻松地介绍一部作品中对某某主义与某某主义的矛盾的体现、思考乃至反叛，某某细节象征了什么，某种安排暗示了什么，然后将这种看似例证充分的研究成果和条理清晰的自言自语转变为文学史上的定论。然而，伟大的文学作品果真是作者有意无意对哲学的体现
哈姆雷特经典台词-哈姆雷特经典台 词 《哈姆雷特》，莎士比亚的著名的悲剧小说，尽管是悲剧，但是，里面有些台词还是值得思考的。下面的小编就给大家盘点一下《哈姆雷特》里的经典台词吧! 生存还是死亡，那是个问题。 嫉妒的手足是谎言! 放弃时间的人，时间也会放弃他。 黑暗无论怎样悠长，白昼总会到来。 简洁是智慧的灵魂，冗长是肤浅的藻钸。 一个骄傲的人，结果总是在骄傲里毁灭了自己。
勤劳一天，可得一日安眠;勤奋一生，可永远长眠。 不要只因一次挫败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的 脆弱啊，你的名字是女人! 留心，我亲爱的妹妹，不要放纵你的爱情，不要让欲望的利箭把你射中。 我知道一个人在热情燃烧的时候，一个人无论什么盟誓都会说出口来这些火焰，女儿，是光多于热的，刚刚说出可口就会光销焰灭，你不能把它们当做真火看待。 简洁是智慧的灵魂，冗长是肤浅的藻饰。 你可以疑心星星是火把;你可以疑心太阳会转移;你可以疑心真理是谎话;可是我的爱用没有改变。 人类是一件多么了不起的杰作!多么高贵的理性!多么伟大的力量!多么优美的仪表!多么文雅的举动!在行为上多么像一个天使!在智慧上多么像一个天神!宇宙的精华!万物的灵长!
一个老年人是第二次做婴孩 人们往往用至诚的外表和虔敬的行动，掩饰一颗魔鬼般的心。 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题;默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把他们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵? 大人物的疯狂是不能听其自然的。 不，不要以为我在恭维你;你除了你的善良的精神以外，身无长物，我恭维了你又有什么好处呢?…自从我能够辨别是非，察择贤愚以后，你就是我灵魂里选中的一个人。 志愿不过是记忆的奴隶，总是有始无终，虎头蛇尾。 世界也会有毁灭的一天，何怪爱情要随境遇变迁?有谁能解答这一个哑谜，是境由爱造?是爱逐境移? 失财势的伟人举目无亲;走时运的穷酸仇敌逢迎。 要是言语来自呼吸，呼吸来自生命，
哈姆雷特的人物分析
哈姆雷特的人物分析 关键词：哈姆雷特复仇悲剧疯癫颠倒混乱的时代 摘要：本文主要分析了哈姆雷特遭受了一连串打击致使他对亲情、友情和爱情失望，从而改变了其原有的人生价值观以及在那个颠倒混乱的时代他的悲剧的必然性。 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚四大悲剧中最著名的一出戏剧，同时也是莎士比亚创作生涯的高峰。《哈姆雷特》讲述了一个既复杂又简单的故事。说复杂是因为其情节十分的曲折，人物关系也错综复杂。说简单是因为它的主线可以用一句话概况——丹麦王子哈姆雷特为父报仇最终与仇人同归于尽。在这出著名的悲剧中，哈姆雷特和奥菲利亚这两个悲剧人物给我留下的印象最为深刻，这两个人同为疯子，只不过一个是装疯而一个是真疯。 哈姆雷特是丹麦的王子，在老国王未死之前，他就读于威登堡大学接受人文主义思想的熏陶，主张人与人之间应该平等互爱，相信人类的前途是光明的，相信依靠人的理性和力量能够创造美好的人生和理想的社会。哈姆雷特对美好事物的热爱的同事也对一切丑恶的事物表现出了憎恶。这样一位生机勃勃，抱有远大理想的王子本应该继承
着又对友情失去了信心。哈姆雷特不再相信友情，他更加的孤独了。 命运却并没有因此而放过他，他仅剩的爱情也岌岌可危，奥菲利亚确实是个好女人，她美丽善良又单纯，但她有一个致命的缺陷，那就是软弱并且没有主见，她过于听她父亲的话，就是这一缺陷葬送了他们的爱情。在哈姆雷特装疯期间，叔父克劳狄斯想要验证其真假，于是奥菲利亚的父亲便出主意让自己的女儿去验证一番，他们相信在恋人面前哈姆雷特会说真话或至少会露出马脚。于是奥菲利亚这个傻姑娘便真的去了。恋人的试探无疑是在哈姆雷特那血淋淋的伤口上又撒了一把盐，将他往绝望的深渊又推进了一步，也让他对女人彻底失望，不再相信爱情。 一系列伤天害理的事变突然发生，打破了哈姆雷特关于人生，世界，爱情，友谊，前途等的幻想。人类，并不美好，下贱的克劳狄斯一旦爬上王位，很多变开始对他阿谀奉承，为了利益而去巴结他；而为了篡位，弟弟居然暗杀自己的哥哥，人类不过是泥土捏成的生命，有着丑陋的心。爱情，也不坚贞，父王死去不到两个月，母亲变改嫁叔父。友谊，也不可靠，为了一己私利，好友接连背叛自己。纵目四望，奸王邪恶，群臣昏聩，朝廷腐败，上层堕落，这是一个颠倒混乱的时代。（朱维之，1982）本来美好的世界现在在他看来一切都是那
哈姆莱特的经典台词 1、人是一件多么了不起的杰作！多么高贵的理性！多么伟大的力量！多么优美的仪表！多么优雅的举动！在行为上多么像一个天使！在智慧上多么像一个天神！宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！ 2、生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。死了；睡着了；睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生？谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。 3、谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。 4、这是一个颠倒混乱的时代，唉。。倒霉的我却要负起重整乾坤的责任！ 5、脆弱啊，你的名字就是女人！短短的一个月以前，她哭得像个泪人儿似的，送我那可怜的父亲下葬；她在送葬的时候所穿的那双鞋子还没有破旧，她就，她就——上帝啊！一头没有理性的畜生也要悲伤得长久一些——她就嫁给我的叔父，我的父亲的弟弟，可是他一点不像我的父亲，正像我一点不像赫剌克勒斯一样。只有一个月的时间，她那流着虚伪之泪的眼睛还没有消去红肿，她就嫁了人了。啊，罪恶的匆促，这样迫不及待地钻进了乱伦的衾被！ 6、葬礼中剩下来的残羹冷炙，正好宴请婚筵上的宾客。 7、让蜜糖一样的嘴唇区吮舐愚妄的荣华，在有利可图的所在弯下他们生财有道的膝盖来吧 8、波洛涅斯：还在这儿，雷欧提斯！上船去，上船去，真好意思！风息在帆顶
《哈姆雷特经典台词》 哈姆雷特经典台词（一）： 莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》最经典对白 To be， or not to be- that is the question: whether it's nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune， or to take arms against a sea of troubles， and by opposing end them? To die:to sleep;no more; andby a sleep to say we end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks that flesh is heir to。 'tis a consummation devoutly to be wish'd。 To die: to sleep; To sleep: perchance to dream: ay， there's the rub: for in that sleep of death what dreams may e when we have shuffled off this mortal coil， must give us pause: there's the respect that makes calamity of so long life;For who would bear the whips and scorns of time， the oppressor's wrong， the proud man's contumely， the pangs of despis'd love， the law's delay， the insolence of office， and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes，when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear， to grunt and sweat under a weary life， but that the dread of something after death， the undiscover'd country， from whose bourn no traveller returns， puzzles the will and makes us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all; And thus the native hue of resolution is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought， and enterprises of great pith and moment with this regard their currents turn awry， and lose the name of action。 译文： 生存还是毁灭，这是个值得思考的问题: 默然忍受命运暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人 世无涯的苦难，透过斗争把他们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵? 死了，睡着了，什么都 完了。倘若在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都能够从此消失，这正是我们求之不得的结局。死了，睡着了，睡着了也许还会做梦。嗯， 阻碍就在这: 因为当我们摆脱了这一具腐朽的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什 么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故。谁愿意忍 受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的感情的惨痛、法律的迁延、 官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只用一柄小小的刀字，就能够清算他自 我的一生？谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘若不是因为惧怕不可 知的死后，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们 宁愿忍受目前的折磨，不敢向我们所不明白的痛苦飞去？这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的炽热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种思考下，也会 逆流而退，失去了行动的好处。 （出自《哈姆雷特》第三幕第一场） 哈姆雷特经典台词（二）：
《哈姆雷特》 1．莎士比亚的剧作《哈姆雷特》的主要艺术特点是什么 答：第一、莎士比亚善于在内外两重的矛盾冲突中，在矛盾冲突的发展过程中，展示人物性格，塑造有血有肉的艺术形象。哈姆雷特与克劳狄的斗争，构成剧中主人公所处的外部冲突；与此同时，他还进行着激烈的内心矛盾冲突。二者相辅相成互相推进。第二、充分发挥了独白和旁白的作用，每当剧情和人物性格发展的关键时刻，剧本都安排独白或旁白来表现主人公的思想矛盾，表现他的思考，他的认识，他的自责，他的怀疑。 2．请举出剧中主人公哈姆莱特的两句经典台词，并作简要赏析。 答：“脆弱啊，你的名字就是女人!”哈姆莱特对母亲在厄运面前表现出的屈从的揶揄，涵盖了女性在命运面前常常表现出来的脆弱的性格弱点，这成为世人对女性的共性认识。“生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。哈姆莱特对生死的严肃思考，后成为人们面对两难抉择时的共同心声。“人类是一件多么了不起的杰作!”哈姆雷特对人的礼赞，成为人文主义最经典的宣言。 3．试简述哈姆雷特悲剧的主要原因。 答：哈姆雷特“重整乾坤的责任”没能完成，这有主、客观方面的原因。从客观方面看，处于萌芽时期的先进力量面对的还是强大的反动势力；从主观方面看，以哈姆雷特为代表的人文主义者相信的是个人的力量、思想的力量，不相信群众，只迷信孤军奋战，而“重整乾坤的责任”却又不是个别人的力量所担负得起来和完成得了的。 4．哈姆雷特决心为父复仇，并要“负起重整乾坤责任”重任，他为什么有意装作疯子答：保护自我，避免受到迫害(对手克劳狄斯是国家的最高统治者，强大而又阴险，哈姆雷特怕不小心泄漏了心事，反遭敌人的毒手)；迷惑对方，寻找复仇时机(借装疯既可以躲过对方的耳目，也可借此试探对方)；针砭时弊，借疯言疯语，发泄对当前黑暗现实的不满。 5．哈姆雷特并非“完人”，表现在哪些地方 答：他虽然善于思索，却优柔寡断；他虽然受到人民的爱戴，却并不相信人民。他说：“时代变得越发不像样子，一个农民的脚趾竟然这么靠近一个朝臣的脚后跟，擦伤了后者的冻疮。”可见哈姆雷特的社会改革与农民所要求的变革相距甚远。尽管哈姆雷特有令人钦佩的才能，竭力想除旧布新，但他总是郁郁不乐，迟疑不决，他始终是孤立的。这就注定了他与丑恶同归于尽的悲惨命运。 6．简析《哈姆雷特》中主要的戏剧冲突及其意义。 答：《哈姆雷特》中主要的戏剧冲突是哈姆雷特与克劳狄斯、王后的冲突，这一冲突深刻地反映了先进的人文主义理想与英国黑暗现实之间的不可调和的矛盾。 7．请简要分析莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》中主人公哈姆雷特的主要性格特征。 答：哈姆雷特是一个人文主义知识分子的典型，在为父报仇过程中优柔寡断，由于复仇任务的艰巨和自身力量的不足，同时出于道德、爱情的种种思考，他找不到复仇和变革的途径，这使得他长于思考，行动迟缓。 8．克劳狄斯谋杀老国王之后，还写了四重误杀。请说出是哪四重 答：四重误杀是：哈姆雷特误杀波洛涅斯、英国国王误杀克劳迪斯的两位使者、克劳迪斯误杀王后葛露特、哈姆雷特误杀雷欧提斯。四重误杀显示了人和命运之间无奈而尴尬的局面。 9．请写出《哈姆莱特》中国王克劳狄斯的第三个阴谋，并指出其在情节发展中的作用。
生命中令人悲伤的一件事是你遇到了一个对你来说很重要的人，但却最终发现你们有缘无份，因此你不得不放手。 ------ A sad thing in life is when you meet some one who means a lot to you，only to find out in the end that it was never meant to be and you just have to let go. 没有人值得你流泪，值得让你这么做的人不会让你哭泣。 No man or woman is worth your tears, and the one who is, won’t make you cry. 别和意志坚定的人争辩，因为他们可以改变事实！ Don't argue with the people of strong determination，because they may change the fact! 我比昨天多爱你一点，又比明天少一点。 I love you more than yesterday and less than tommorow. You say that you love the rain, but you open your umbrella when it rains. You say that you love the sun, but you find a shadow spot when it shines. You say that you love the wind, but you close the windows when it blows. This is why I'm afraid, you said that you love me too. 为王者无安宁。 Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. 人生苦短，若虚度年华，则短暂旳人生就太长了。 The time of life is short ; to spend that shortness basely, it would be too long . 世间本无善恶，端看个人想法. There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so 豁达者长寿。 A light heart lives long . 再深的记忆也有淡忘的一天 And then there are unforgettable memories of the day 分手后不可以做朋友,因为彼此伤害过 Can not be friends after breaking up, because the two sides hurt 我只想现在认真过的精彩无所谓好与坏。 I would like now to seriously indifferent room of wonderful。 笑是一切罪恶的根源。 Laughter is the root of all evil. 爱情是叹息吹起的一阵烟；恋人的眼中有它净化了的火星；恋人的眼泪是它激起的波涛。它又是最智慧的疯狂，哽喉的苦味，吃不到嘴的蜜糖。 Love is the season Yizhenyin sigh; The eyes have it purified the lovers of Mars; Love it aroused waves of tears. It is the wisdom of madness, choking bitterness, it does not tip of honey. 谈一场恋爱学会了忍耐总有些意外会让人受伤害。 Love to talk about a bit of a surprise to people to learn the total patient injury。 爱，和炭相同，烧起来，得想办法叫它冷却。让它任意着，那就要把一颗心烧焦。
哈姆莱特的人物形象分析 摘要：丹麦王子哈姆莱特是一个有人文主义理想的王子，也是一个充满矛盾的形象。一方面接受了人文主义的影响，充满了美好的理想希望生活中的一切理想一样完美而现实打破了的理想。他要父报仇，可是内心又是矛盾，因为他想的不光是为父报仇而是扭转整个乾坤。但他性格过于内向，审慎及单枪匹马的处境，使他感到犹豫造成他行动上的延宕。因此最后只能与敌人同归于尽。 关键词：哈姆莱特；扭转乾坤；忧郁；延宕 一、哈姆莱特的身份背景 （一）、成长中现实与理想的冲突，哈姆莱特的出身是个王子，他高贵、优雅、勇敢、有学识，追求纯洁的爱情，属于上流社会的统治阶层。用哈姆莱特的情人奥菲利娅的话来说，他是“朝臣的眼睛，学者的辨舌，军人的利剑，国家所瞩望的一朵娇花；时流的明镜，人伦的雅范，举世注目的中心。”哈姆莱特在德国威登堡大学学习，接受人文主义的熏陶，他对人报有美好的看法，高呼“人类是一件多么了不起的杰作！”是“宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！”对于人与人之间的关系：爱情、友谊也有自己的看法，希望以真诚相待的平等关系来代替尊卑贵贱、等级森严的封建关系。这时的他年青而乐观，对人对事充满幻想。可见，哈姆莱特应该是一个快乐的王子，拥有地位、名份、权利和爱情……是父母的骄傲和未来的王位继承人，摆在他面前的是鲜花着锦的前程和命运。然而，伴随着成长中遭遇的现实变故，他的理想宏图完全被破坏。开始由高贵的王子向凡夫俗子转变，品尝着生活中的酸甜苦辣，堕入矛盾和苦难之中。 （二）老国王之死，标志着哈姆莱特的命运发生戏剧性的逆转。父亲的死，使他陷入悲痛之中，失去了早先的欢乐。紧接着是母亲的迅速改嫁，自己的叔父转眼成了继父，王位被剥夺等一系列的变故，以迅雷不及掩耳之势给哈姆莱特以沉重的打击。他用一身“墨黑的外套”抵抗着自己无法接受的现实，也包裹着他此刻痛苦而流离失所的内心。作为儿子，哈姆莱特丧失了原有的人伦秩序，家的存在随着父亲的去世和母亲的改嫁而瓦解。他的母亲不仅无法帮助他进行自我身份的认
海头高级中学高二年级语文名著阅读复习资料 《哈姆雷特》 第一幕 1．哈姆雷特的名言：“软弱者, 你的名字就是女人!”是他在什么样的情况下说的？ 答：克劳狄斯与王后结婚大典上，哈姆雷特看不出王后有任何悲伤的表情，并请求他留在王宫后，他发出的感慨，认为他父亲对他母亲真是怜爱的无微不致, 甚至不肯让强风吹抚於她的脸颊。可是, 一月之内，她竟全忘记了，于是他发出这样的感叹。 2．先王的鬼魂出现的时候穿的是什么衣服？有什么样的表情？他为什么要以这样的形象显灵？ 答：他穿着他身披之盔甲，就是昔日他奋战那野心勃勃的挪威王时所穿的，他脸上蹙眉怒目，就和他当年在冰原上大破波兰雪车军时一样。 这个形象一方面表现了先王的威武与赫战功，另一方面表现他的愤怒之情。 3．霍拉旭他们为何竭力劝阻哈姆雷特不要跟鬼魂去？ 答：霍拉旭生怕鬼魂把他勾引至那汪洋大海或岸旁之峭壁边缘时, 再显露其恐怖原形, 令他丧失理智或发狂, 或是露出狞恶的面目吓坏了年轻的王子。表现了朋友之间的关心。 4．老国王在告诫哈姆雷特不要忘记复仇时，告诫他如何对待王后的呢？ 答：老国王说“无论你是怎样的去进行此事, 别让你的脑子萌起报复於你母之念。把她留给天堂裁判, 让她受自己良心的谴责及刺戳。” 第二幕 克劳狄斯虽然不知道老国王鬼魂出现的事，但他心中有鬼。哈姆莱特装疯后，克劳狄斯对此表示怀疑，他派大臣普隆涅斯去试探哈姆雷特。普隆涅斯被哈姆雷特骗过去了。克劳狄斯又派两个奸细---罗森格兰兹和吉尔登斯吞来试探哈姆雷特，奸细也被哈姆雷特当面戳穿。哈姆雷特一方面想复仇，一方面又碍于母亲的面子，同时他也不十分确定父亲鬼魂的话，非常苦恼。哈姆雷特决定要证实克劳狄斯的罪行，正好这时宫中来了一个戏班子，他命戏子排演“捕鼠机”，自己加编新台词，准备试探克劳狄斯。 1．分析“戏中戏”的作用。 2．哈姆莱特是否真的疯？历来解释各异。请谈谈你的看法。 3．分析《哈姆莱特》第二幕所表现的哈姆莱特性格的复杂性。 参考答案： 1．为了证实克劳狄斯的罪行。
出自《哈姆雷特》第三幕第一场 此段的全文如下： HAMLET To be, or not to be: that is the question, Whether'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them. To die,to sleep; No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep. To sleep, perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause. There's the respect That makes calamity of so long life; For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The pangs of despised love, the law's delay, The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of th'unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscovered country from whose bourn No traveller returns, puzzles the will, And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pitch and moment With this regard their currents turn awry And lose the name of action. 编辑本段译文
《哈姆莱特（Hamlet）》是莎士比亚的代表作，写于17C初。该剧以中世纪的丹麦宫廷为背景，通过哈姆莱特为父复仇的故事，真实地描绘了文艺复兴晚期英国和欧洲社会的真实面貌，表现了作者对文艺复兴运动的深刻反思以及对人的命运与前途的深切关注，这也是一部深刻反映时代面貌、具有强烈反封建意识的悲剧。（内容与主题） 《哈姆莱特》在艺术上也代表着莎士比亚戏剧的最高成就。1、在人物塑造上，《哈姆莱特》着重通过内心矛盾冲突的描写揭示人物的深度。显示了主人公心灵世界和性格的丰富性复杂性。多次运用内心独白这一手段，表达出哲学探索，披露出他内心的矛盾恐惧等多方面的心理内容，有效地刻画了人物性格，也推动了剧情的发展。为了使人物形象达到丰富性和个性化的有机结合，莎士比亚还成功地把对比手法用于人物塑造。2、在情节构造上，《哈姆莱特》突出地表现出莎士比亚戏剧情节的生动性与丰富性的特色。用三条线索相互对比、激化矛盾，造成戏剧高潮，产生动人心弦的艺术效果，共同表现全剧的主题。3、在创作手法上，《哈姆莱特》具有现实主义和浪漫主义两重性，使内容形式更和谐统一，色彩更为丰满诱人。莎士比亚悲剧之所以具有如此巨大而迷人的魅力，其根源就在这里。（艺术特色） 《哈姆莱特》是莎士比亚所有戏剧中篇幅最长的一部，在内容和形式上都推陈出新，使之成为欧洲戏剧史上的奇观，是世界著名悲剧之一，也是莎士比亚最负盛名的剧本，具有深刻的悲剧意义、复杂的人物性格以及丰富完美的悲剧艺术手法，代表着整个西方文艺复兴时期文学的最高成就。同《麦克白》、《李尔王》和《奥赛罗》一起组成莎士比亚“四大悲剧”，集中地代表欧洲文艺复兴文学的最高成就，对欧洲现实主义文学的发展有深远的影响。（地位）《哈姆雷特》之所以成为莎士比亚四大悲剧之首，不仅仅在于作品最后的悲惨结局，同时还在于作品带给人们沉重的反思，对哈姆雷特命运的反思，对当时文艺复兴时期社会背景的反思。而主人公哈姆雷特最后的结局，则是整个时代发展的必然趋势，其个人牺牲也是作品发展的最终结局。（时代意义）
哈姆雷特中若干人物形象分析 莎士比亚地经典悲剧《哈姆雷特》塑造了众多活灵活现地人物,他们之中既有善良地, 懦弱地,又有狡猾地,阴险地. 哈姆雷特： 莎士比亚和他同时代地人文主义者一样,对“人”总抱有美好地看法.因而在塑造人物性格地时候,莎士比亚将哈姆雷特地复仇变为了一种哲理性地思考.在实施复仇地过程中,他反复想着“生存还是毁灭”这样地问题,总是耽于沉思冥想,步履为艰,明明有理由,有决心,有力量,有方法去复仇,却又迟迟不肯行动.如在第三幕第三场中,哈姆雷特放过了正在独自做祷告地克劳狄斯,在他看来,“现在他正在洗涤他地灵魂,要是我在这个时候结束了他地性命,那么天国地路是为他开放着,这样还算是复仇吗？不！收起来,我地剑,等候一个更惨酷地机会吧；当他在酒醉以后,在愤怒之中,或是在荒淫纵欲地时候,在赌博、咒骂或是其他邪恶地行为地中间,我就要叫他颠踬在我脚下,让他幽深黑暗不见天日地灵魂永堕地狱”.于是,好好地一次刺杀地机会就这样失去了,这其中地一部分原因在于哈姆雷特有着很强地宗教观念,而另一部分也在于他性格中地迟疑和懦弱.一方面他害怕自己杀人地末日审判,而另一方面他要掩盖自己地这种懦弱,为他不复仇地行为寻找道义上地借口. 每当遇到切实地问题地时候,哈姆雷特总会成为“思想地巨人,行动地矮人”,只会坐思右想,发表评论,在行动上显得极其迟缓和软弱.在哈姆雷特地性格中,另外突出地一点是喜欢把个别现象一般化,从一个小点就扩充到一个面,打击一大片人,最后更是伤害了他自己,甚至让他身边地人们都或主动或不自觉得离开了他.比如他与奥菲利娅地一段对话中 态度就很能说明问题———— 哈姆雷特：哈哈！你贞洁吗？ 奥菲利娅：殿下！ 哈姆雷特：你美丽吗？ 奥菲利娅：殿下是什么意思？ 哈姆雷特：要是你既贞洁又美丽,那么顶好不要让你地贞洁跟你地美丽来往. 奥菲利娅：殿下美丽跟贞洁相交,那不是再好没有吗？ 哈姆雷特：嗯,真地,因为美丽可以使贞洁变成淫荡,贞洁却未必能使美丽受他自己地感化； 这句话从前像是怪诞之谈,可是现在地时世已经把它证实了.我地确曾经爱过你. 奥菲利娅：真地,殿下,您曾经使我相信您爱我. 哈姆雷特：你当初就不应该相信我,因为美德不能熏陶我们罪恶地本性.我没有爱过你. 奥菲利娅：那么我真是受了骗了. 哈姆雷特：进尼姑庵去吧！为什么你要生养一群罪人出来呢？我自己还不算是一个顶坏地人, 可是我可以指出我地许多过失；一个人有了那些过失,他地母亲还是不要生下他来地好.我很骄傲、使气、不安分,还有那么多地罪恶,连我地思想里也容纳不下,我地想象也不能给它们形相,甚至于我没有充分地时间把他们实行出来.像我这样地家伙,匍匐于 天地之间,有什么用处呢？我们都是些十足地坏人,一个也不要相信我们,进尼姑
《哈姆雷特》经典片段赏析 黑龙江省伊春市第一中学刘士友 1、脆弱啊，你的名字叫女人！ 赏析：这是哈姆雷特想到自己的母亲在父亲去世不到两个月的时间就嫁给叔叔时所产生的感慨。哈姆雷特的这句感慨其实对女人是不太公平的。当时十六七世纪的英国其实还处在封建阶级的统治下，一个女人在那样的社会现实下是没有自己的选择和独立思考的。她们都恪守封建礼教，听从父兄的安排，可以说完全是身不由己。剧中的乔特鲁德和奥菲利亚两个典型的封建贵族女子形象，都是在男人的阴谋或安排下而失去了自己的思想甚至是生命。 2、人是一件多么了不起的杰作！多么高贵的理性！多么伟大的力量！多么优秀的仪表！多么文雅的举动！在行动上多么像一个天使！在智慧上多么像一个天神！宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！ 赏析：这句话蕴含着莎士比亚对人文主义的肯定，表达了对人的赞美。文艺复兴时期人文主义思潮的影响遍及欧洲十分强烈。人在这个时期开始慢慢脱离了神权的束缚，开始发现了作为独立个体存在的自身。这是一个巨人层出的时代。正如恩格斯说：“这是一次人类从来没有经历过的最伟大的、进步的变革，是一个需要巨人而且产生了巨人——在思维能力、热情和性格方面，在多才多艺和学识渊博方面的巨人的时代。……那时，差不多没有一个著名人物不曾作过长途旅行，不会说四五种语言，不在几个专业上放射出光芒。”，产生了像但丁、拉伯雷等著名的诗人和文学家，像拉斐尔、达?芬奇等杰出的艺术家，像哥白尼、伽利略等伟大的科学家，像培根等卓越的哲学家。 3、生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世间的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。死了；睡着了；睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿；因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自已的一生？谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。 赏析：哈姆雷特的这一长段内心独白成了著名的经典台词。生存和毁灭的确是困扰着每一个人的问题，莎士比亚借哈姆雷特之口表达了他对人生的终极思考。人
《哈姆雷特》教案 教学要求 1、体会课文通过跌宕曲折的故事情节、尖锐的戏剧冲突刻画典型人物的写作特点。 2、用心品味课文丰富多彩而又个性化的艺术语言，读懂课文的字面意义和深层含义。 3、学习品评人物的方法。 教学难点重点 重点：鉴赏跌宕曲折的故事情节和尖锐的戏剧冲突； 难点：品味课文丰富多彩而又个性化的艺术语言。 课时安排 1课时 教学步骤 一、导入 活着，还是去死，这真是一个值得思虑的问题。——哈姆雷特 有一千个读者，就会有一千个哈姆雷特。——恩格斯 第一句深刻揭示了人的生存困境，第二句是文学品评的方法。虽然这两句话并不存在必然的因果关系，但都由于一部旷世杰作而成为千古名句。哈姆雷特（板书）二、作家作品 莎士比亚，是欧洲文艺复兴时期英国最伟大的戏剧家和诗人。1564年4月26日他出生了，默默无闻。1616年4月26日他去世了，举世闻名。在整整52年的生涯中，他为世人留下了37个剧本，一卷14行诗和两部叙事长诗。 马克思称他是“最伟大的戏剧天才”。 本琼斯称他是“时代的灵魂”。 历史剧：《亨利四世》（上下）《亨利五世》《亨利六世》（上中下）《理查二世》《理查三世》《约翰王》 喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》《无事生非》《温莎的风流娘儿们》《皆 大欢喜》 悲剧：《哈姆莱特》《奥赛罗》《李尔白》《麦克白》 传奇剧：《辛白林》《冬天的故事》《暴风雨》 莎翁对自己作品的评价：“给自然照一面镜子，给德行看一看自己的面目，给荒唐看一看自己的姿态，给时代和社会看一看自己的形象和印记。” 《哈姆莱特》是莎士比亚著名悲剧之一。
“悲剧是将人生有价值的东西毁灭给人看,喜剧是将人生无价值的东西撕毁给人看。”（鲁迅） 三、剧情梗概和人物简介 1、剧情梗概 《哈姆莱特》也译作《王子复仇记》，是莎士比亚的代表作。写的是丹麦王子哈姆莱特为父报仇的故事。这出悲剧的情节是这样的： 丹麦王子哈姆莱特在威登堡大学读书期间突然遭遇了一系列不幸和家庭变故：父亲暴亡，叔叔克劳狄斯篡位，母亲改嫁给了叔叔。这一切使他陷入了巨大的痛苦之中。后来父亲的鬼魂告诉他自己是被他的叔父毒死的。哈姆莱特认为他现在的为父复仇不只是为了他自己，而是整个社会、国家的问题。他自己要肩负起这个重整乾坤的重任。他考虑问题的各个方面，又怕泄露心事，又怕鬼魂是假的，怕落入坏人的圈套，他心烦意乱，忧郁寡欢，只好装疯卖傻以迷惑仇敌，等待时机复仇。克劳狄斯觉察到了危险，想方设法除掉他。而哈姆莱特为了进一步证实事实真相，也授意戏班进宫演了一出恶人杀兄、篡位、娶嫂的戏剧。克劳狄斯果然惊恐万分，仓皇退席。哈姆莱特的母亲企图劝说他忍让，却受到了他的指责，激愤中哈姆莱特误杀了情人奥菲利娅的父亲。狡猾的克劳狄斯这时派哈姆莱特出使英国，背后命人暗地将他处死。哈姆莱特察觉内情后中途逃回丹麦。回来后知道情人奥菲利娅因父死、爱人远离而发疯落水溺死。哈姆莱特悲愤交加，中了奸王的毒计。奸王利用奥菲利娅之兄雷欧提斯为父复仇的机会，密谋在比剑中用毒剑、毒酒来置哈姆莱特于死地。结果，哈姆莱特和雷欧提斯都中了毒剑，王后饮了毒酒，奸王也被刺死。王子哈姆莱特临死嘱托好友传播他的心愿。 这段王子复仇的故事情节取材于12世纪的一部丹麦史，作者用人文主义的观点，把这个只是单纯为父复仇的故事，改写成一部深刻反映时代面貌、具有强烈反封建意识的悲剧，通过一个古老的宫廷仇杀的故事，对以克劳狄斯为首的封建专制王朝进行了无情的揭露，对王子哈姆莱特为代表的人文主义者所进行的反封建暴政的斗争，给予了热情的赞赏和深厚的同情。哈姆莱特的形象代表了当时进步的人文主义的思想和愿望，是世界文学名著中著名的艺术典型之一。 2、节选剧情结构 第一部分（从开头到“霍拉旭不要作声！谁来了？”） 回述哈姆莱特逃回丹麦的经过。 第二部分（从“奥斯里克上”到“他们的水泡就破灭了”） 哈姆莱特对奥斯里克的嘲讽。 第三部分（从“一贵族上”到结束） 哈姆莱特与雷欧提斯比剑决斗，中了克劳狄斯的圈套。