关于哈姆雷特

目录论文摘要 (2)Abstract (3)Appreciating the Tragic from the Works of Shakes peare’s Hamlet (4)Ⅰ. Introduction (4)Ⅱ. About the history of tragedy (5)Ⅲ. The Tragedy’s Characters’ Analysis (8)Works Cited (19)论文摘要威廉·莎士比亚是欧洲文艺复兴时期的代表作家，是英国最伟大的剧作家和诗人，也是世界文学史上最有影响的著名作家之一。

他生于1564年，逝世于1616年。

莎士比亚一生共写了37部戏剧、154首十四行诗和两首叙事长诗。

悲剧《哈姆雷特》代表莎士比亚的最高戏剧成就，成为世界各国人民最喜欢的文学作品之一。

在《哈姆莱特》这一不朽剧作中，始终存在着善良与邪恶之间一系列激烈的矛盾冲突。

哈姆莱特作为该剧的主要角色，他的命运不可避免地处于这激烈矛盾冲突的漩涡之中。

身为王子的哈姆莱特被莎翁塑造为生命之美的典型，他年轻英俊，坚毅勇敢，热爱自己的国家，热爱自己的父王和母后，有着心爱的恋人奥菲利亚，可以说，他的生命正处于人生最美好的时刻。

然而，这美好的生命时光瞬息之间又消失了，他是处于一种什么样的环境之中呢？我们看到，当时的丹麦宫廷一片混乱，老王奇怪地驾崩，王后改嫁新王，国外敌军压境，国内群情激愤、一触即发，而宫中却在通宵达旦地酗酒取乐，这一切，都在哈姆莱特年轻美好的生命中投下了巨大的阴影，从而使他郁郁寡欢，认为人间不过是"一个荒芜不治的花园，长满了恶毒的莠草"，这些已经为王子年轻的生命注入了悲剧的因素。

随着老王鬼魂的出现，宫廷内幕的揭开，谋杀罪行的暴露，王子心中烈火的燃起，悲剧的帷幕拉开了……面对阴险奸诈的新王，哈姆莱特开始了孤身复仇的行动：为了复仇，他失手杀死了恋人的父亲；为了复仇，他佯装疯狂失去了深爱的情人；为了复仇，他对软弱的母亲冷言相向；为了复仇，他忍受着失去友情的痛苦。

最后，在一场血淋淋的宫廷决斗中，他虽然杀死了阴险狡诈的新王，但自己的生命也结束在这"牢狱"般的宫廷中。

鲁迅曾经说过："悲剧就是将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看。

"哈姆莱特作为一个深受广大群众爱戴的王子，他身上具备整顿局势、治理国家、报仇雪恨的能力。

然而面对着以阴险奸诈的新王为代表的强大的封建势力，作为一个资产阶级人文主义者，他始终把这种和人民紧密相连的事业看做个人的仇恨而孤军奋战，因此，他的悲剧既是真善美与邪恶力量相冲突的悲剧，也是一个人文主义时代的悲剧。

关键词：哈姆雷特莎士比亚悲剧性人文主义AbstractWilliam Shakespeare is the representative of the European Renaissance writers, is the greatest playwright and poet in United Kingdom, also one of the most influential writers in the literary history of the world. He was born in 1564, and died in 1616. Shakespeare wrote a total of 37 plays, 154 sonnets and two narrative poems in his lifetime. Tragedy "Hamlet" represents the highest drama of Shakespeare's achievements and becomes the most favorite literary one. In "Hamlet," the immortal plays, there was always a series of intense conflict between good and evil. Hamlet as a drama major role, his fate was inevitable trapped in this intense vortex of contradictions and conflicts. As a prince Hamlet had been shaping for a type of beautiful life by Shakespeare. He is young and handsome, courageous and perseverant, and he loves his country, his father and mother, as well as he has a beloved lover Ophelia. All these can be said that he was at the best moment in life. However, this wonderful time of life was rapidly disappeared, so what kind of environment did he exist in? We can see that at that time the Danish court was in a chaotic condition: the strange death of Pharaoh, Queen remarried to new king, foreign enemy pressed on to the border , the revulsion from domestic public was on the verge of breaking out. In contrast, in the palace all the people were performing various kinds of entertainment all through the night. All of these casted a huge shadow on this young and lovely prince and made him unhappy. In his opinion, the world is just "`tis an unweeded garden, that grows to seed", which had motivated the young prince's life into a tragic circumstances. With the emergence of the ghost of Pharaoh, the revealment of the court, the exposure of murder, the Prince ignited the fire in his heart, the tragedy began appear ... ...Face to the insidious and treacherous king, Hamlet started his unaccompanied revenge: In order to revenge, he killed his lover’s father accidentally; he lost lover because he pretended to be crazy; he treated his mother with relentlessly attitude; he endured the pain of the loss of friendship. Finally, in a bloody fight in court, even though he killed the new king, he also brought his life into an end. As a beloved prince, Hamlet could have had capability to rectify the situation, govern the country and take the revenge. However, faced to the treacherous king, represented by powerful feudal forces, as a bourgeois humanist, he always consider this as a individual revenge but not a cause linked closely with the people and stick to go it alone. Therefore, his tragedy not only showed the conflict between kindness and evil forces, but also a tragedy in humanistic era.Key words: Hamlet, Shakespeare, tragedy, Humanism, conflictAppreciating the Tragic from the Works of Shakespeare’s HamletⅠ. IntroductionDanish Prince Hamlet in Wittenberg University suddenly confronted a series of adversity and family tragedies during his study: the violent death of his father, Uncle Claudius usurped the throne, his mother married to his uncle. All these made him into an extremely pain. Later, the ghost of his father told him that he was poisoned by his uncle. Hamlet believed that his revenge for his father was not only for himself, but the problem of the entire community and the country'. He himself should take up this important task of restructuring the course of events. In addition to consider all aspects of the issue, he was afraid of divulging his feelings and ghost’s false, for fear of falling into the wrong trap. He was so upset and depressed that he had to disguise himself as a fool to mislead the enemy, meanwhile waiting for an opportunity for revenge. Claudius was aware of the danger and tried his best to remove him. And in order to further confirm the fact, Hamlet also instructed his troupe into the palace to play on a performance in which a wicked man killed his brother, seized the throne, and married to his brother’s wife. Claudius was extremely frightened, withdrew from the scene in panic. Hamlet's mother attempted to persuade him to forbear, but she had been accused of her charges, then Hamlet unintentional homicide his lover Ophelia’s father indignantly. Cunning Claudius then sent Hamlet as an ambassador to Britain, in fact he secretly ordered him executed. Hamlet detected this plot and fled to Denmark on the half-way. After he came back, Ophelia had been crazy because of her father’s death and her lover’s departure, then she fell into river and drown to death. Hamlet was angry and sadly then he was trapped into Claudius` deadly plan. As a result, Hamlet and Laertes both suffered the poisonous sword. The queen drunk the poisonous wine, and the king also was stabbed to death. Prince Hamlet entrusted his friends to disseminate his will. This story of a prince’s revenge based on a 12th century Danish. The author considers humanism as his perspective, and this simply story about revenge for father is transformed into a tragedy reflecting an outlook of times with a strong anti-feudal sense. The adoption of an ancient palace vendetta story ruthlessly exposes the dynasty of feudal autocracy headed by Claudius. Meanwhile, Prince Hamlet, represented the humanist, his anti-feudal struggle against tyranny was given a warm appreciation and profound sympathy. Hamlet represents the image of progressive idea of humanism and aspirations at that time, and this book is oneof the world famous literary masterpieces in the art of a typical one.Ⅱ. About the history of tragedyTragedy has a profound beauty, the significance of the existence is that it is not only to earn the audiences or readers` tears with sympathy, but through the whole process of the tragedy, includes the emergence, development and the outcome of the story to arouse people’s awareness to the think about the meaning of life seriously .Greek tragedy often takes the hopelessness demonstrated under the irresistible fate as its theme, it is also known as the fate tragedy. Ancient Greek tragedy in general describes the conflict between the protagonist’s individual will and the fate. As early as in ancient Greek mythology, the fate is the supreme power to control God and people. In accordance with the concept of the ancient Greeks, fate is irresistible and unknown, which dominates people and God. The background in which this concept is introduced is that the mankind is living in the context of low productivity period.The so-called "fate" takes the necessity of the objective regulation as its essence. Limited to a low level in thought and science, the ancient Greeks can not understand it. The so-called conflict between man and the fate actually reflects the conflicts between people and the outside world environment, between people. Fate tragedy reflects the contradictions with a special form by ancient Greeks. The three poets have three different understanding about fate. From the ancient Greek tragedy, we can see the development of the fate concept which constantly embodies the humanism.Aeschylus was known as the "Father of the tragedy". The poet, as the representative writer during the formation of the ancient Greek tragedy, whose view about fate excessively inherited the more traditional concept owned by the ancient Greeks. Aeschylus regards fate as a specific God. He thinks that fate dominates all of the things, including the disposal of God, while he also stressed the human will. Therefore, he tends to show the darkness of life, but as a devout monotheist, he doesn’t portray the world as a hell. He warned his countrymen who are keen for infighting: the conviction of Providence will bring the people to justice and harmony. Greek tragedy’s early concepts on fate have a religious and divine nature, which is the ideal embodiment of human nature as well as enlightenment of humanity.The second tragedy poet, Sophocles put forward doubts and challenges about the destiny. In his view, the God of fate is not specific but a mysterious and elusive force, because there is an evil natureof teasing on it. The hero who has courage to protest the fate is worthy of sympathy and praise, although the final outcome can only be a tragedy. Stressed a resistant and strong will against fate, his view on fate also became the representative one in this phase of ancient Greek tragedy. In Sophocles' works, the tragedy is no longer a person becomes the plaything of God or fate, but the frustrated end got after the effort to counter tragic fate imposed on them. The protagonist in his book is changed from slavery into the hero of the fate. In Sophocles` mind, although the fate is irresistible, its justice and rationality is doubtful. In this stage the progressive fate concepts of the tragedy lies in affirming the value of human and the view on humanism is more manifested deeper.Euripides far surpassed the two predecessors; the ancient Greek tragedy is more progressive. He has completely shifting attention from God to the people. He criticized the theistic ethics and do not believe in fate. He believed that the fate of the people exist in themselves, and stressed that all depends on human’s effort and the destiny is seized in their own hands. By this period, the ancient Greek tragedy in the concept of the fate has been fully reflected the humanism so that they attach importance to the role. The tragedy insists that human effort is the decisive factor and confirms that the people have courage to change the status quo to fight for their own rights, all of which are more progressive and modern than their predecessors.Although the three tragedy writers have different concepts of fate, they are around the same theme of conflict between person's will and destiny. In their works, in different ways, in the face of falling into the unjust fate, the heroes are determined and dedicated to the conduct of the heroic resistance. Hamlet shaped by Shakespeare, whose artistic image and his character is followed the characteristics of tragic art, so that the protagonist Hamlet was a great successful shape.With regard to the substance of Shakespeare's tragedy has always been diverse. Relatively there are well-known character tragedy, the social tragedy and the fate tragedy.As the endless depression, indecision and hesitation, Hamlet delayed time, such as to result in the loss of the opportunity for revenge. He was entrusted by the ghost of his father. Two months later, he still immersed in depression, even pretend to be mad. If we say that this is out of prudence, but after he arranged the "Mouse Trap", then the truth had been disclosed, he should take action to revenge. Especially when Claudius was praying alone, he could have attacked him, taking execution of the sinner, but he also gave up the opportunity. No matter what is the reason for the delay, but his actionswhat he does has showed his indecision and melancholy, which is no doubt constitute one of the reasons for the formation of the tragedy.However, it is unilateral that we regard tragedy caused just by the shortcomings and weaknesses showed on the character. The tragedy of Hamlet clearly has a more direct relationship with the powerful and evil forces. Shakespeare's tragedy was also known as the social tragedy, which is introduced by the contradiction between the humanistic ideals and the social reality in United Kingdom. "Hamlet" displays the conflicts between humanistic ideals conforming to the requirements of the times and the evil forces caused by the feudal forces and capitalist primitive accumulation. Thus problems impeded the realization of the ideal of humanism, instead of forming a dark and cruel era, causing the tragedy of Hamlet.Of course, another force can not be ignored, which is fate. However, it is inappropriate that completely considering Shakespeare's tragedy to be the fate tragedy, because in Shakespeare's tragedy, the hero is not entirely controlled by fate and not indifferent to their own destiny or human well-being. While to a large extent, the formation of the tragedy is exactly the result of the choice of freedom, which means the hero’s character is closely related to the formation of the tragedy though it isn’t a fundamental factor. Nevertheless, we refuse to recognize that it is the fate of tragedy, which does not mean that the complete denial of the fate concepts concept, in fact, Shakespeare's tragedy indeed exist a supreme mysterious force which reigns the world. This mysterious power gives rise to ignorance and blindness of people. They feel helpless in dealing with disaster despite they have tried their best, so that the hero of the tragedy doomed to suffer misfortune. And Hamlet is dead to end up.In the tragedy, especially the medium-term tragedy, friendship, love, affection is so fragile that it is believed thoroughly that on a secular sense, all these feelings are hopeless and invalid. In order to satisfy their own lust for power and passion, Claudius regardless of brotherhood became a murder of his brother, who usurped the throne, persecute nephew. Just two months after the old king `s dead, Gertrude remarried to the new king, who murdered his husband. As the most beloved girl, Ophelia also can not understand Hamlet's difficulties. Besides, best friends, also act as pawns of the enemy.Faced with “the weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable world” and "unweeded garden"; Faced with the fact that father was assassinated, uncle usurped the throne, mother committed incest, and friends betrayed the friendship, Shakespeare chooses to Hamlet trapped into depression even go crazy but nottake revenge for his father, nor allow him to restructure the course of events, which is the learning emerged in the history of the famous writer Shakespeare: Hamlet's delay.Ⅲ. The Tragedy’s Characters’ Analysis3.1 The Tragedy of Hamlet---A Hesitate and Depressed AvengerIt is undoubtedly that Hamlet’s most outstanding performance in character is his indecision. Faced with the fact that his father was poisoned, his mother was possessed by his uncle, royal power was thieved, the state was coveted, Hamlet had a strong desire for revenge: “Rest, rest, perturbed spirit!/So, gentlemen,/With all my love I do commend me to you:/And what so poor a man as Hamlet is/May do, to express his love and friending to you ,/God willing, shall not lack. Let us go in together;/And still your fingers on your lips ,I pray./The time is out of joint; O cursed spite,/That ever I born to set it right!/Nay, come, let’s go together.” Roar, swear, which expressed determinedly Hamlet is apodictic to their firm belief in revenge. But on the other hand, about kill the enemy, a seemingly simple move, Hamlet has showed the unusual concerns. He should have had several occasions to kill enemy, but in this complex thought, the Revenge plans always failure to achieve success. Even when he encountered the enemy praying for his own sins, the idea of revenge just flashed, and then he transferred to the thinking of the value of time: “Now might I do it pat, now he is praying;/ And now I’ll do it: and so he goes to heaven; /And so am I revevg`d. That would be scan`d:/A villain kills my father; and for that,/I, his sole son, do this same villain send/To heaven.” So, first of all, Hamlet’s revenge turned into an ideological struggle.“But that the dread of something after death, /The undiscover`d country from whose bourn/No traveler returns, puzzles the will,/And thus the native hue of resolution/Is sicklied o`er with the pale cast of thought,/And enterprises of great pith and moment/With this regard their currents turn awry,/And lose the name of action.” A revenge plan was interpreted a painful breakout of thinking. In this process, Hamlet constantly felt the darkness of the community, trying to let himself into this dark world, and in the same ways to deal with the enemy; but belief in humanity and justice were performing the instinctive resistance. In these ideological conflicts, so called tit-for-tat, Hamlet carried out a difficult transformation and choices. “and indeed it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame, the arth, seems to me a sterile promontory; this most excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave o`er hanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire, why, it appears no other thing to me but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours. What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! how infinite in faculty! in form , in moving, how express and admirable! In action how like anangel! In apprehension how like a god! The beauty of the world! The paragon of animals! And yet, to me, what is this quintessence of dust?”Pay attention, here, Hamlet’s tone is sarcastic. This not only expressed his suspicion on the status of persons, but also reflected a kind of order concept of the times. So he began to survey everything around him with a doubtful attitude: the hypocrisy of human nature, the inconstancy of human relationship, the injustice of world. . . . . . Finally, finally such suspicion reached a state of apex：＂To be, or not to be＂. His top priority is to revenge, with the revitalization of the country. This overloaded thinking for the meaning of life no doubt played a role of intensifying Hamlet's indecision.The fate depends on the character, which is an eternal truth. The tragic character of Hamlet lays a foundation for his tragic fate. As this kind of character, he had been suffering hard ideas of revenge. Revenge had become his all. All of these caused that he coldly treat his coward mother , turned a blind eye to the beloved woman, killed his wife's father by himself, and eventually he fell into the trap laid by enemy. Finally, finally he achieved the desire for vengeance, but all nice things fell to pieces: Hamlet's ambition, lover’s young life, mother's fragile survival.Good things are destroyed by a near-perfect person, which is a tragedy. The root cause of this tragedy is Hamlet’s indecision in character, so this is the tragedy of character.(A) IdealismIn Hamlet's character, there is a strong tendency to idealize. He was dedicated himself on human life, the universe, as well as good and evil of the idealized natural society, in which he took the ethical values as a yardstick to measure all the people and things around. There is no doubt that Hamlet’s idealistic tendency reflects the optimism of life as a humanist, as well as the strong desire of improving society in accordance with their own political ideals and moral ideals. For Hamlet, Denmark is like a prison. Because he lacks of solid realistic foundation for his ideals, thinking and action are out of line. In the face of harsh reality, fantasy just like balderdash, is feeble. For Hamlet, making vigorous efforts to turn the situation alone, as Goethe said, is "an incompetent body of persons can not be responsible for a great cause". But the crux of the problem is that Hamlet is not the lack of "strong energy ", but first of all, because of the weakness of the outdated ideals he believed in.(B) Exploration and reflection of the philosophyIn accordance with medieval feudal morality, as a feudal prince, Hamlet’s revenge for the father isa sacred and incumbent duty. If Hamlet is keen to bloody revenge unscrupulously just as Laertes, killing a Claudius is not a problem for Hamlet. However, Hamlet is not Laertes, he is a feudal prince with humanistic ideology in the Renaissance, which determines that he can not always be keen on feudal personal bloody revenge, but should make a linkage between his personal revenge and the humanistic new concept about harmony and order of the countries. This resulted in the delay of his actions.Hamlet's philosophical exploration and reflection first performed on the suspicion of the ghost’s words. Ghost exists objectively. Hamlet is convinced of the supernatural force. Therefore, the key of the problem is: whether the supernatural image is father's honest ghost, or the incarnation of the devil? This requires that there is sufficient evidence to prove the ghost be true.Thereof, it introduced the question of Hamlet’s crazy and a series of dramatic action. He gradually deepened his exploration to the events and the people surround him, and the surrounding events also stirred up his reflection. However, the deeper he reflected and explored, the greater his self-awareness split, and his subjectivity became weaker. In the fourth act, the fourth scene, Hamlet has this monologue: “Now, whe`r it be/Bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple/Of thinking too precisely on the event,/A thought, which, quarter`d, hath but one part wisdom,/And ever three parts coward, I do not know/Why yet I live to say `This thing `s to do`;/ Sith I have cause and will and strength and means/To do `t”. Thus it can be seen, the crux of the problem does not lie in whether Hamlet has revenge motivation, determination and strength, but rather how to put his determination and strength of revenge into action.(C) Self-analysis and self-denialHamlet's exploration and reflection of reality is accompanied by self-exploration and self-reflection. With the deepening of the understanding of the reality, also they continued to deepen their self-awareness. However, when this understanding is no longer to go on, that is to say when they can not understand the contradictions exist in all sorts of causal link in reality and their self-action can not be recognized in reality, their exploration and reflection on the philosophy are transformed into self-reflection and analysis.Faced with Denmark, the big jail, which was composed of prison cells, Hamlet issued from the heart the voices of suffering: “The time is out of joint; O cursed spite,/That ever I born to set it right!” Goethe takes this remark as Hamlet’s"key to the whole operation," which is obviously right. I think thissentence reflects Hamlet’s understanding of reality, which embodies his self-confidence and the strength of self-affirmation, but also implies a self-denial. Hamlet's psychological development is a process of gradual transformation from self-affirmation to self-negation. “What a piece of work is a man……..”, but in Hamlet’s opinion, “what is this quintessence of dust?” Since the value of human existence is only much better than this, what’s the meaning of the existence and operation itself?So, “To be, or not to be” becomes a question that has to be considered. In Hamlet's inner world, to death, he was full of desire and fear. Being immersed in such a tribulation, Hamlet neither dragged out an ignominious existence, nor actively took action to come forward with resist. Therefore, in such a painful self-analysis and self-choice，“Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, /And thus the native hue of resolution /Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought, /And enterprises of great pith and moment /With this regard their currents turn awry /And lose the name of action.” The Prince of Norway Fortinbras “To all that fortune, death and danger dare,/Even for an egg-shell” which made Hamlet be shameful to make self-inductance. He realized that: “Rightly to be great/Is not to stir without great argument,/But greatly to find quarrel in a straw/When honor’s at the stake.”“O, from this time forth,/My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth!” Although it is an idea of bloodshed, when the idea is taken into action, metaphysic and physic are interwoven into Hamlet's psychological trajectory. In the fifth-act, the second scene, Hamlet said to his Friend Horatio that how to alter credentials, which lead to his classmates` death in stead of him. However, Hamlet looked at his own behavior like this: “Rashly,/And prais`d be rashness for it, let us know,/Our indiscretion sometimes serves us well/When our deep plots do pall; and that should teach us/There’s a divinity that shapes our ends,/Rough-hew them how we will”. This kind of psychological tendency also showed Hamlet an attitude to treat the final duel: “there’s a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, `tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now, yet it will come; the readiness is all.” To my way of thinking, “the readiness is all” testified that metaphysical sense of destiny had gradually ascended to the dominant tendency. So in this unpleasant dilemma plight, Hamlet obtained relief in the fatalistic sense……This is his performance of tendency of self-denial in the final, which is based on the skepticism on the ideal of life and widespread faith and on the sense of disillusionment.(D) Morbid depressionIn Hamlet, he has a kind of morbid psychological depression syndrome. The contradiction between ideal and reality led to the ideal burst, forcing the character to conduct his exploration and reflectionfor the ideal and reality environment, but also contributing to the fissile of the ideal personality. Because he could not find a way out in this exploration and reflection, Hamlet moved it into self-exploration and self-reflection. In self-denial, the development of depression peaked.In character Hamlet, melancholy burst together with the ideal’s failure. At the beginning, Hamlet grieved for two matters, which were the sudden death of his father and incest of his mother: “t hat this too too solid flesh would melt,/Thaw and resolve itself into a dew……”. The ghost’s emergence diffused Hamlet's melancholy throughout his world: “indeed it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame, the earth, seems to me a sterile promontory; this most excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave o`erhanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire, why, it appears no other thing to me but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours.” In Hamlet’s view, a person “is the quintessence of dust”. Painful self-examination further strengthened Hamlet's self-awareness and finally it caused the fatalism oriented self-denial.3.2The conflict between Hamlet and Claudius---An Ambitious UsurperThe conflict displayed in the opera mainly focus on the impact between Hamlet and King Claudius. Although he was quite courageous, and is loyal to love, but his behavior brought the demoralization of society and the national power’s eclipse, and caused flatterers be in power. In order to further consolidate political power, this hypocrite also desired to entice Laertes to kill Hamlet. His cunning was outrageous. Times can be changed, but people's desire is endless.Claudius in the play had been in the position of best advantage. From the start, he showed himself with "not to forget our own part of the job" as an excuse to dispel the grief appeared on all people for king’s dead. Meanwhile, he wrote a letter to advise the Old Norwegian king to stop the rashness of his son little Fortinbras, from which we could see that he is a political master. First he successfully got advocated in political power, by this way, he stabilized his throne and regime achieved before long. Claudius in the story always appeared in a benevolent image, and in fact he was extremely scheming even we can say he was a conspirators, who took his actions carefully and step by step, for fear that there would be wrong. He is a hidden brutality, and never exposed himself. These are what many people evaluate for him. Seen from the several testing, he is a perfectly good conspirator. Perhaps this is some kind of obvious hint, which doomed Hamlet is different from Claudius in essence, just as the opposition between justice and evil. Claudius in the story is objective and true, who is full of worldly。