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中考英语专题:主谓一致考点讲解和

中考英语专题:主谓一致考点讲解和
中考英语专题:主谓一致考点讲解和

2011届中考英语专题复习十:主谓一致考点讲解和训练

【考点直击】

1.语法一致的原则

2.意义一致的原则

3.邻近一致的原则

【名师点睛】

谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

1.语法一致的原则

(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:

He goes to school early every morning.

The children are playing outside.

To work hard is necessary for a student.

(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Both he and I are right.

Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:

His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

The poet and writer has come.

(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Each man and each woman is asked to help.

(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:

The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

Nobody but two boys was late for class.

Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

(5)一些只有复数形式的名词,如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:

A lot of people are dancing outside.

The police are looking for lost boy.

(6)由each, some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。

例如:

Is everybody ready?

Somebody is using the phone.

(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.

Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.

如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:

Here are some new pairs of shoes.

My new pair of socks is on the bed.

2.意义一致的原则

(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Twenty years is not a long time.

Ten dollars is too dear.

(2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:

My family is big one.

My family are watching TV.

(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:All of the work has been finished.

All of the people have gone.

(4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用

复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:

Who is your brother?

Who are League members?

(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.

Three–fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:

I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.

(7)由what引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

What she said is correct.

What she left me are a few old books.

(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

The dead is a famous person.

3.邻近一致的原则

(1)由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:

Either you or I am right.

Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.(2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

There are two apples and one egg in it.

(3)as well as和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。

He as well as I is responsible for it.

不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。

(4)以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

Here is a letter and some books for you.

【实例解析】

time flies! Ten years ________ passed.

A. have

B. has

C. is

D. are

答案:B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语动词用单数形式。

onlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother________totheSummerPalace.Theyhaven’tbee n back.

A. have been

B. have gone

C. has been

D. has gone

答案:D。该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语,其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致,谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来,所以用has gone而不用has been。

my father ________ going to see the patient.

A. nor I am

B. nor I are

C. or me are

D. or me is

答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词,可连接连个并列主语,其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致,因此应选A。

! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.

A. are a number of deer

B. are a number of deers

C. is a number of deer

D. is a number of deers

答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是anumberofdeer,是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)

【xx演练】

一.选择填空

1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

2. ---When are you going to Kumming for your holidays?

---I haven’t decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK.A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also

3. ______ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B

4. _______ of them has his own opinion.

A. Both

B. Some

C. Every

D. Each

5. Are there any _______ on the farm?

A. horse

B. duck

C. chicken

D. sheep

6. My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.

A. are; are

B. are; is

C. is; is

D. is; are

7. ------Two months _______ quite a long time.

------Yes. I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

8. The old man has two children but _____ of them lives with him.

A. both

B. none

C. neither

D. all

9. Our knowledge of computer _____ growing all the time.

A. be

B. is

C. are

D. were

10. Everyone except Tom and John _____ there when the meeting began.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

11. Most of the houses _______ this year.

A. has built

B. have built

C. has been built

D. have been built

12. I think maths _____ very difficult to learn.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

13. A large number of students _____ to work in Xingjiang.

A. have gone

B. has gone

C. goes

D. is going

14. The number of the students in the class ______ small.

A. are

B. is

C. have

D. were

15. There _____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

二.用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. _____ (be) everything OK?

2. Nobody _______ (know) the answer to the question.

3. Ten divided by two _______ (be) five.

4. Most of the drinking water ______ (be) from the Black River.

5. Not only she but also I _______ (do) morning exercises every day.

6. Either you or she _____ (have) made a wrong decision.

7. The family _____(be) spending the weekend together.

8. Bread and butter ______ (be) her daily breakfast.

9. The police _____ (be) trying to catch the thief.

10. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ____absent fordifferent reasons.

三.翻译下列句子

1.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。

___________________________.

2.我的茶杯里没有水了。

___________________________.

3.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。

___________________________.

4.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。

___________________________.

5.我们家正在一起度周末。

___________________________.

【练习答案】

一. 1. B

二. ; were

三. of us has seen the film.

is no water in my cup.

he or I is going there.

the students nor the teacher knows this matter. family are spending the weekend together.

英语主谓一致练习全集

英语主谓一致练习全集 一、主谓一致 1.On no-car day, ____________ students ____________ teachers are allowed to drive to school. A.either; or B.not only; but also C.neither; nor D.both; and 【答案】C 【解析】 句意:在无车日,学生和老师都不被允许开车去学校。either; or 或者,或者; not only; but also不仅,而且; neither; nor 既不,也不;both; and……和……都;根据On no-car day可知此处表示无车日,因此都不开车,故选C。 2.Smog and haze is a kind of air pollution. It _______ people _____ about their health. A.make, worry B.make, be worried C.makes, worried D.makes, worry 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意:雾霾是一种空气污染。它使人们担心他们的健康。考查主谓一致和动词短语辨析。it是单数第三人称,动词需用三单形式,可排除AB两项。make让,使役动词,make sb. do sth.让某人做某事,是固定结构,可排除C项。根据句意结构,可知选D。 3.The boys ____________ from America like China A.who is B.are C.which is D.who are 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意:这些来自美国的男孩喜欢中国。考查定语从句。本句是主谓宾结构,可排除B项。空白处做主语the boys的后置定语,先行词the boys是人,不可用which(用于先行词是 物时),需用who引导;the boys是复数人称,系词需用are;根据句意结构,可知选D。 4.Either Eve or Herb ___________ been invited by Lucy’s parents already. A.have B.has C.was D.Were 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意:伊芙或赫伯已经被路西的父母邀请了。 Either ... or...或者……或者,连接两个主语时,用就近原则,already是现在完成时的标志词,结合句意,故选B

中考英语专题复习教案知识讲解

中考英语专题复习教 案

中考英语专题复习教案 一、听力 听力建立在词汇和短语的基础上完成的,要在熟悉1680,以及305个短语的情况下进行系统练习。若想在听力上取得较高得分数要多做多都,对于听力材料需要反复听,听的过程中做做速记。 在条件允许的情况下每次课给学生做一套听力题并针对错误题目进行重复听和讲解。 二、单项选择 单项选择属于考查各项基础知识的传统题型,此题内容涉及语法、词汇、惯用法、句型、口语功能等方面。此题灵活,覆盖面广,但多数题目源于课本或化于课本。 为学生复习中考易考名词冠词代词数词介词连词形容词和副词情态动词等的用法和区分,熟悉词性转换以及易混单词,一词多译或近义词。如对于经典中考单选题进行知识点提炼和讲解。 在复习知识点的基础上教学生运用综合性的知识答题,“语不离句,句不离文,语法不离语境”。学会用排除法选出答案。 三、句子翻译 它要求考生有较精准的语言素养,考查考生对词义的理解、词汇的拼写、词性的选择和运用,以及固定搭配、句子的类型结构、句子的时态等方面的能力。 在归纳总结课文中出现的动词、固定搭配词组并用简单句的基本句型考虑组成句子进行举例。 四、完型填空 教学生运用四种方法解题: 1.论证法根据上下文的意思,运用所学的词汇和语法知识,从句子结构和意义上进行分析,并判断所选词语是否正确。

2.推理法根据考生对整篇短文的理解,对文章的主题,情节的发展做出合理的推断。 3.上下文搜索法完形填空给出的是都是整篇的文章,文章本身就是前后一致的。我们可能从上下文中找到提示或发现答案。 4.排除法在无法确定答案的时候,我们可以采取排除法,逐一验证四个选项,以将错误答案一一排除后得出正确答案。 五、补全对话 补全对话是考查学生交际应用英语的能力。 总结一些常见情景下经常运用的句型、词组,比如,问路、看病、邀请等常规用语。让学生背熟。 六、阅读理解 阅读理解是中考试题中分值最高的题,在原来的“选择填空”的基础上,增加了“根据短文内容回答问题”这一新题型,进一步考查了考生的理解水平。考生知识积累的多寡,直接影响得分。 1.为学生讲解常见英语阅读理解中记叙文议论文说明文三种问题的基本构成。 2 .重视整体理解能力。遇生词不要查字典,通过上下文来理解。 七、句意填词 主要考查学生对文章的整体理解把握及对动词的时态、语态,非谓语动词及各种句式的运用。 结合具体题目给学生分析整理考点。 八、改写句子 需要辨识和改正常见语病,包括搭配不当成分残缺语序不当前后矛盾用词不当等。

中考英语专题:主谓一致考点讲解和

2011届中考英语专题复习十:主谓一致考点讲解和训练 【考点直击】 1.语法一致的原则 2.意义一致的原则 3.邻近一致的原则 【名师点睛】 谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1.语法一致的原则 (1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如: He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. To work hard is necessary for a student. (2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Both he and I are right. Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如: His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come.

(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Each man and each woman is asked to help. (4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如: The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. (5)一些只有复数形式的名词,如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如: A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy. (6)由each, some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。 例如: Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. (7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Where are my shoes? I can’t find them. Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them. 如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:

l主谓一致讲解最全面主谓一致讲解

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