Unit 1
was a striking woman with high cheekbones and strong angular features.
马文是一个引人注目的女人, 她有着高高的颧骨，瘦而强健。
though not willowy, Marva was immediately discernible in a crowd—even without the visibility afforded by her height—for she had acquired a poise and sophistication that gave her appearance a deliberate style.
马文老师瘦削而不软弱，就算她没有那么高，在人群中时还是一眼就能识别出来——因为她有着特别的镇静及教养，这些都使她有了一种严谨的风格。
Marva’s opinion, it was important to have a unique imprint.
在Marva老师看来，给人留下独特的印象是很重要的.
4.she was so determined.，or just plain stubborn .
马文老师意志坚定，抑或仅仅是固执。
was excitement building and Marva worked the momentum, like an entertainer who felt the pulse of an audience.
马文老师触动了孩子们兴奋的神经，她就像是一个能够触到观众脉搏的表演者。
had a teacher once who called his students 'idiots' when they screwed up. He was our orchestra conductor, a fierce Ukrainian immigrant named Jerry Kupchynsky, and when someone played out of tune, he would stop the entire group to yell.
曾经有一位老师，他把那些将事情搞砸了的学生称为“白痴”。这位老师名叫杰里，是一位令人望而生畏的乌克兰移民，他当时担任我们的乐队指挥。当有人在演奏中音调不准时，他会让整个乐团停下来，然后大吼。
conventional wisdom holds that teachers are supposed to tease knowledge out of students, rather than pound it into their heads. Projects and collaborative learning are applauded; traditional methods like lecturing and memorization-derided as 'drill and kill' -- are frowned upon, dismissed as a surefire way to suck young minds dry of creativity and motivation.
人们普遍认为，教师应该帮学生们梳理知识，而不是将要点硬敲进他们的脑袋。进行项目与协作性学习会受到人们的称赞；而像讲课灌输及死记硬背这样的传统方法则被嘲笑为“训练与扼杀”──会令人不悦，会被当成吸干年轻头脑创造性与积极性的一种方式而遭到人们唾弃。
learning, long discredited, is now recognized as one reason that children whose families come from India (where memorization is still prized) are creaming their peers in the National Spelling Bee Championship.
死记硬背机械性学习法长期以来都遭到质疑，但如今却被认为是那些来自印度（死记硬背在那里仍然很受重视）家庭的孩子在全美拼字比赛(National Spelling Bee Championship)中能将同龄人远远甩在身后的一个原因。
fear, of course is that failure will traumatize our kids, sapping them of self-esteem.当然了，我们担心的是：失败将令我们的孩子在精神上受到创伤、使其自尊心尽失。
researchers had assumed that the most effective teachers would lead students to knowledge through collaborative learning and discussion.
研究人员曾认为，大多数教学最高效的老师是通过协作学习与讨论来使学生掌握知识的。
Unit 2
the workplace, music "raises performance levels and productivity by reducing stress and tension, masking irritating sounds and contributing to a sense of privacy"。
在工作场所，音乐“通过减少压力和紧张，掩盖刺激性声音和促进隐私感来提高绩效水平和生产力,
. Lozanov proved conclusively that by using certain Baroque pieces, foreign languages can be mastered with 85-100% effectiveness in 30 days, when the usual time is 2 years.
洛扎诺夫博士断言，听特定的巴洛克音乐，可以让你在30天内掌握外语的效率达到85-100％，而通常需要的时间是2年。
special music Mozart Effect pieces, recorded at just the right tempo, activate the left and right brain for the maximum learning/retention effect.
这些特殊的莫扎特音乐，按照合理的节拍播放，可以激活左右脑使其达到最大的学习或记忆效果。
the first time, researchers also have located specific areas ofmental activity linked to emotional responses to music.
研究人员还首次发现了与音乐情感反应相关的特定心理活动区域。
is biologically part of human life, just as music is aesthetically part of human life.
音乐在生物学上是人类生活的一部分，就像音乐在美学上是人类生活的一部分一样。
new study dispels the notion cherished among certain classes of Americans that music improves a child’s intelligence.
一项新的研究消除了某些美国人所珍视的观点，即音乐能够提高孩子的智力。
this point, only a few dozen studies have examined the purported mental benefits of studying music, and only five used randomized controlled studies, studies designed to isolate causal effects.
对于这一点，仅有几十项研究检讨过传闻中的学习音乐对智力的益处，其中只有 5 项采用了随机对照研究，即所设计的研究将因果效应分离出来。
lasting no more than 15 minutes or so, the effect was touted as a sustainable boost to general intelligence, with Georgia Governor Zell Miller in 1998 promising more than $100,000 in funding per year to provide every child in the state with a recording of classical music.
尽管这一效应只持续了15分钟，但却被吹嘘成智力有可持续的提高，乔治亚州州长泽尔·米勒就在1998年承诺每年拿出超过1000,000美元的资金用于给该州每位儿童提供一张古典音乐的唱片。
don't teach kids Shakespeare because we think it will help them do better on the SATs, we do it because we believe Shakespeare is important.
我们教孩子莎士比亚不是因为我们认为这能帮助他们在大学入学考试中做得更好，我们这样做是因为我们认为莎士比亚很重要。
10.Throughout human history and antiquity, music has represented an integral quality of the human animal, a commonality in every culture of the world — including music for children. 在整个人类历史和古代，音乐代表了人类这一动物不可或缺的品质以及世界上每一种文化的共性——包括儿童音乐。
Unit 3
Academie Francaise has for decades been the watchdog over the French Language.
几十年来，法兰西语言研究院已经成为法语的监督机构。
(or perhaps not), the English language is not so protected.
遗憾的是（也许不是），英语却没有受到这样的保护。
hopes that nobody took the advice literally.
人们希望没有谁会去死抠这些公告上的字眼儿。
fear it can not be answered with certainty whether these actually illustrate a progressive use of English or are simply reflections of local usages.
我恐怕还不能肯定地回答是否这些情况说明了英语运用的发展趋势或仅仅只是当地英语使用的反应。
5.Nevertheless, I prefer seeing English develop as the lingua franca around the world rather than being suffocated for the sake of so-called purity by some ill-advised legislative process. 尽管如此,我仍然宁愿看着英语在世界范围内向着混合语言的方向发展，而不愿看着英语被一些不明智的立法机构为了追求所谓的“净化”而受到扼杀。
is estimated that 300 million Chinese read and write in English,but do not receive enough practice, but do not receive enough practice, thus fueling the often-ridiculed practice of Chinglish.
据估计，中国3亿人用英语读写，但没有得到足够的练习，因此加剧了经常被嘲笑的中式英语的使用。
as the Raman saw the diffusion of their language over seized territory as a mark of dominance,the modern day e quivalent is a language’s label as a lingua franca.
正如罗马人将他们的语言在占领地域内的传播看作是统治地位的标志，当今相当于将一种语言作为通用语言的标签。
the interaction of various languages that utilize different phonetics and syntax structures,it is not surprising that the adaptation of English to other languages will lead to many hybrid languages that do not necessarily have “proper” English grammar and that emphasize different tones and intonations that are unique to the home languages.
通过采用有着不同的语音的语法结构的各种语言的互动，英语改编成其他语言会产生
很多不一定有“正确的”英语语法的混合语，这强调了本土语言所特有的不同的声调和语调，这是不足为奇的。
emergence of Chinglish, among other languages, and the efforts to rid the city of Chinese English are short term adjustment, but in the long run it would not be surprising to see the normalization of blended languages.
中式英语从其他语言的脱颖而出，和摆脱中式英语的努力是短期调整，但长期看来，看到混合语言的规范化不足为奇。
are unique to cultural and historical context, and preserving what is left of the world’s linguistic heritage and witnessing the emergence of new ones are both important in expanding the linguistic melting pot.
语言对文化和历史背景来说是独一无二的，保留剩下的世界语言遗产，见证新的语言的出现，都在扩大语言大熔炉的过程中至关重要。
Unit 4
,does Disney stand for pure and innocent entertainment,or does or carry alternative motives that seem to be well-hidden from the public eye?
然而,迪士尼到底代表的是全然天真纯洁的娱乐,还是同时带有一些隐藏在大众视野之下的别有所图？
mark the idea of negative social influences as one of Disney’s most ubiquitous problems.
评论家们着重提到迪斯尼最显而易见的一个问题是其所带来的一些负面的的社会影响。
quantitative disproportion of male characters in Disney animated films needs to be addressed if we expect children to be able to relate to appropriate role models.
如果我们期望儿童能对合适的榜样有所认同的话，就需要认识到迪斯尼电影男女角色在数量上的比例失调。
prevalence of males in villainous roles “should be analyzed for its potential negative impact on children and their relationships with caring male adults”.
普遍的由男性扮演的反派角色“应该分析其潜在的对于儿童和有爱心的男性成年人之间关系的负面影响”。
have discovered loopholes in the system that deserves proper examination.
批评家们就能够在其体系中发现漏洞，并已进行恰当的检查。
of this came from his unique view of risk and return,which defied the short-term outlook of his investors.
其中的一个原因归结于他独特的对于风险和回报的，而这个视角让投资者无法看到表面上的短线效益。
’ persona combined nostalgia for small-town American values with faith in the potential of modern science and technology to transform our lives.
迪斯尼个性中同时混合了美国小镇居民怀旧的价值观和对现代科技必将改变人类生活的信念。
success of the film helped Disney promote the discipline of building a high performance
business culture that would contribute to his company’s future triumphs.
这部电影的成功帮助迪士尼推动了建立高端企业文化的原则，对公司未来的成功起到了重要的作用。
through the talent,labour and the dedication of this staff could any Disney project get off the ground.
如果缺少了才华、劳动和员工的奉献精神，迪士尼的任何一个项目便都无法问世。
knew that for intuition to mean anything it had to be implemented,and that this demanded a combination of stringent analysis and sheer hard work,backed up by the practical talents of the artists with whom he surrounded himself.
他知道要另直觉有意义，必须让它实现。而这需要一系列严密的分析及实打实的辛勤工作，同时需要他身边的那些艺术家的真正才华作为支撑。
Unit 5
history of scientific discovery is peppered with breakthroughs that came about by accident. 科学发现的历史充满了各种偶然的突破。
a side-effect of this awesome efficiency may be a shrinking, rather than an expansion, of our horizons, because we are less likely to come across things we are not in quest of.
但是这种惊人的效率的一个副作用就是我们的视界不但没有扩大，反而缩小了，因为我们和自己并没有在找的事物偶遇的机会变小了。
is better at leading us to the interests of people beyond our social circle, but our tendency to associate with others who think in similar ways —what sociologists call our “value homophily”—means most of us end up with a feed that feels like an extended dinner party.
推特我们很容易地接触到自己社交圈子以外的人，但是我们还是有倾向于与自己想法相似的人交往。社会学家称其为人类的“价值类聚”，这意味着我们中大多数所获得的
信息流就如同参加了一个延时的晚宴。
by the needs of advertisers keen to hit ever more tightly delineated targets, today’s internet plies us with “relevant” information and screens out the rest.
由于网络广告商努力根据需要个人喜好调整其服务，今天的互联网向我们强制灌输大量“相关”信息，把所有其它信息都屏蔽掉了。
update the Rolling Stones, you can always get what you want. But you may not get what you need.
滚石的一句歌词可能需要改一改，你可以一直拥有你想要的，但是你想要的可能不是你所需要的。
rise of 3-D printing — in which designs are downloaded from the Internet and manufactured on a smale scale — could herald the emergence of a new generation of producers, who will bring “an unprecedented variety to the products used in the developed world.”
3D打印机的兴起——通过互联网下载设计模型，小规模地生产出产品——预示着新一代生产者的出现，他们将“为发达国家带来空前多样化的产品”。
the future envisioned by Schmidt and Cohen, new technologies and information systems will streamline mundane, everyday tasks: Imagine a refrigerator that automatically orders groceries, or a washing machine that cleans, dries, and folds laundry, before “algorithmically” recommending the optimal outfit based on the weather and day of the week.
在未来，新的技术和信息系统将简化日常杂务：想象一下冰箱可以自动调整物品放置位置，或者洗衣机可以先根据本周的天气情况，通过“算法”推理，为主人推荐本周最佳着装，然后再完成清洗、甩干、折叠的程序。,
the global stage, the most significant impact of the emergence of the Internet will be the
reallocation of power from states and institutions to individuals.
从全球范围来看,，互联网的崛起最重要的影响是权力的再分配，这种再分配体现在政府和机构到个人的再分配。
traditional media, in which reporters and editors place a premium on accuracy and context, Internet-based media allow anyone with a connection to publish inaccurate information, libel, or outright propaganda on a massive scale — frequently with few consequences to the author.
互联网不同于传统的媒体，传统的媒体记者和编辑将报道的准确性和背景放在首要的位置，而互联网则允许任何人都可以联网大肆发布不实信息，诽谤，或宣传——发布者通常无需承担任何后果。
technology permeates all of these areas, the next generation of experts, journalists, and policymakers will need to be well-versed in each, in order to understand how technology, the catalytic driver of change in today’s world, is radica lly transforming industries, governments, and the age-old dynamic at the heart of political science: the relationship between the individual and the state.
由于技术已渗透到各个领域，新一代的专家、记者和政策的制定者必须精通各个领域的知识，方能理解科技在当今世界可能发挥的真正作用：技术，作为当今世界的催化剂，正极大地改变着工业、政府和处于政治学核心的古老的动态关系，即:个人和国家之间的关系。
Unit 6
dictionary never became very large and after a while I turned to making a football scrapbook like most other children of my age, but for a few months I put some effort in attempt to outdo the Oxford English.
我的词典一直没办法变得很大，所以一段时间后我就跟我的同龄儿童一样转而编写足球剪贴簿。但有几个月，我努力想超过《牛津英语词典》。
a word occurs in such phrases, they are either indicated in a dictionary entry or they have entries to themselves.
当词出现在这样的短语中时，它们要么在词典的条目中标出，要么单独列为词条。
reworded them of course-even at the tender age of 12, I was intuitively aware of the danger of plagiarism-but I saw my role as one of collating the wisdom of previous lexicographers.
当然我进行了改写——甚至是在12 岁这么一个幼小的年龄，我从直觉上就意识到剽窃的危害。可是我只是起到了整理以前词典编纂家智慧的作用。
that all these new descriptive facts, including word frequencies, common patterns of collocation etc., are at our disposal, it is self-evident that they should be recorded in the dictionary to reflect accurately the state of the contemporary language.
既然所以这些新的统计数据已经在手，包括词频、常见词语搭配形式等，将他们收录在词典里准确地反映当代语言的状况也是理所当然的。
means we are in better position than ever before to provide a description of English that reliably corresponds to the way that people speak and write the language.
这意味着我们现在处在比以往任何时候都更优越的地位，能够可靠地对英语进行描述，并与人们说或写这种语言的方式保持一致。
were said to be something like two million of these slips already collected, tied together in rough order, no doubt covered in dust and lint, curled and yellow, and perhaps even crumbling themselves with age and decrepitude.
据说这些纸条研究收集了两百万条，粗略分类后捆在一起，不要说已经布满了飞尘。有的纸条已经卷曲发黄，有的因年久而破碎。
problem was that readers had never bothered to consider with much enthusiasm what might be called the ordinary words of the language-they had succumbed to an understandable temptation to send in slips for interesting words, but not for the prosaic ones.
问题之一是：志愿阅读者对于所谓“普通词语”的热情关注向来就不高；他们总是受到某种诱惑力的吸引，寄来一些令人感兴趣的词汇的引语，而不是日常词汇的引语。
special note of passages which show or simple that a word is either new and tentative, or needing explanation as obsolete and archaic, and which thus help to fix the date of its introduction or disuse.
有些段落要特别注意：它能显示一个词刚刚开始试用，或由于古老、过时而需要解释，这样的段落有助于确定那个词被引进或停止使用的时间。
has to assume, if unkindly, that those living under the heel of firmly prescriptive linguistic authorities were a little unsure how prudent it might be to read for a book that would be so widely different in its constitution from those they were used to.
人们不禁会不太友善地猜测，这是由于坚持规定学语言学观点的权威学者的影响。在这些地方的人们也许囤于原来的习惯，对于为编写完全不同的词典进行文献阅读该如何审慎小心抱有一定的犹豫态度。
sub-editors who did all these checking would pin together the slips that fed into each category of meaning and attach with the same pin a piece of paper that showed a first attempt at a definition of what the slips’quotations appeared to show the word to mean.
助理编辑把所有的核对做完后，用一根别针把属于同一类词义的纸条别在一起，并且根据引语所显示的词义，尝试写出定义的初稿，把初稿定义的纸条也别在这小捆纸条上。
Unit 7
years of higher education and a handful of Ivy League degrees, and there I was, stiff and stupid, struck dumb by my own dumbness. “Ivy retardation,”a friend of mine calls this.
我十四年的大学教育和在几所常春藤大学工作的经历使得我傻乎乎站在那里，笨拙不堪，尴尬不已。有个朋友称这种现象为“常春藤错位”。
consider that while some opportunities are being created, others are being cancelled and that while some abilities are being developed, others are being crippled is, within this context, not only outrageous, but inconceivable.
但是在这个背景下，如果认为它创造了一些机会，却丧失了其他机会，培养了有些能力，却其削弱了其他能力，不仅是大逆不道的而且是不可思议的。
is nothing wrong with taking pride in one’s intellect or knowledge. There is something wrong with the smugness and self-congratulation that elite schools connive at from the moment the fat envelopes come in the mail.
对自己的智慧或者知识感到自豪没有任何不对的地方，问题出现在名牌大学录取通知书进入家门的时刻起，是名牌大学所纵容的沾沾自喜和自我吹捧。
the most abject academic failure, not the most heinous act of plagiarism, not eventhreatenin g a fellow student with bodily harm—I've heard of all three—will get you expelled.
不管是最绝望的课程不及格，还是最可恶的抄袭劣行，甚至对其他同学的身体伤害的威胁等都不会被开除，这三种情况我都听说过。
before they got to college, they turned themselves into world-class hoop-jumpers and teacher-pleasers, getting A’s in every class no matter how boring they found the teacher or how pointless the subject, racking up eight or 10 extracurricular activities no matter what else they wanted to do with their time.
在他们进入大学之前很久就已经把自己变成了世界一流的俯首帖耳、讨好老师的小爬虫，在每门课上都得优秀成绩，不管他们觉得这个老师多么乏味，不管他觉得这门课多么没有意义。他们也尽力积累八到十个课外活动，不管多么想用这些时间做别的事情。
many neurotic boomer parents —and their stressed-out, resume-building teenagers —assume that it is always better to choose Harvard over Big State University because of Harvard’s presumably superior educational environment, better alumni connections, and more lucrative on-campus recruiting opportunities.
对于那些在生育高峰期出生，已为人父母的人和那些焦虑不安，整日忙于增加阅历、以使简历内容更加丰富的十几岁的孩子来说，选择哈佛大学当然比重点州立大学更好。大概因为哈佛有优越的教育环境，更好的校友圈子，以及更加诱人的校园招聘机会。
’s true that big law firms, major teaching hospital, and investment banks—heck, even the offices of FORTUNE—are stuffed with Ivy Leaguers. It’s also true that if you want a career at what passes for the American establishment—Sullivan & Cromwell, McKinsey, Goldman Sachs — a gilt-edged diploma is a distinct advantage.
事实上，大型法律公司，主要示教医院和投资银行，甚至是财富杂志的办公室，满是常春藤学生。同样真实的是，如果你像要在下面这些美国企业（苏利文.克伦威尔律师事务所，麦肯锡，高盛投行）谋取一份职业的话，一个带金边的毕业证书将会使你处于有地位。
advantages of Harvard, in other words, confer few benefits on the class slacker. Robert Zemsky，an education professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who believes a
prest igious undergraduate degree does pay off, puts it in this way: “It’s like the brass ring on a merry-go-round. If you go to a high-priced, highly selective school, you have a better shot at the brass ring. But you have to grab it.”
换句话说，哈佛的优势在于不会给偷懒者带来太多的好处。罗伯特泽姆斯基，一位宾州大学的教育学教授，相信获得名牌大学的学士学位确实能胜利，他这样解释到："它就像旋转木马上的铜环。如果你去学费昂贵，对学生精挑细选的名牌大学只是增加了击中铜环的机会。但更重要的是你还要能抓住它。
listen up, high school seniors: Your life is not over if you end up at th e University of Oklahoma. In fact, if you want to be governor of Oklahom a when you grow up, you're probably better off graduating a Sooner.
因此留神听，中学高年级学生：即使你是从俄克拉何马大学毕业的，你的前途也不会就此终结。实际上，如果你想要在你长大后成为俄克拉何马州州长，那么抢先从俄客拉何马毕业，可能会使你成功的机会更大。
studies use future income, the favorite yardstick of those dead souls called economists. But knowing the cost-benefit ratio of a purchase is not the same as knowing its value.
大多数研究使用将来的收入，这是那些死亡的灵魂即所谓的经济学家最爱的标准。但是知道所购买的东西的成本收益率不等于知道它的价值。
Unit 1 Translation of Text 如何应对恭维 H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子，原因是我不敢冒险，因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险，它会招来别人的恭维。例如，如果一位女士走到我跟前，说道：“你的胡子最迷人，”我会无所适从，不知怎样回答才好。我可能会惊慌得脱口而出：“我也喜欢您的胡子。” 在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。例如，有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。 如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。我家住在一个小山上，俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。来访者惊叹道：“天哪！你这儿的景色太美了！”整个山谷原本就在那里，不是我造的，也不属于我。然而我傻乎乎地笑着说：“噢，没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。” 我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。就某样东西说“我们喜欢”，言外之意就是，还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。不久前，我和一批人在一起时，其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。“我们生活的这个地球，”他说道，“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星，是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。”随后便是长时间的停顿。这时，一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女，禁不住说道，“嗯，我们喜欢这个地球。” 我认为，对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。“多漂亮的礼服啊！”你的朋友赞美道。“噢，这么破的旧衣服！”你回答道。这种情景，与我上述提出的观点非常相似。别人赞美你的礼服，你无权为此感到羞愧或恼怒——除非这件礼服恰好是你自己亲手缝制的。如果你这么说，“我是在麦茜商场的地下室和另一个妇女经过一番争抢才买下来的，”你可能会感觉更好些。或者说“是我丈夫特为我挑选的”，这样还要好。 我认识一个潜心研究这种问题的人，他想出了一个办法来避开别人的表扬。他采取了一种不近情理的现实态度。一天夜里我无意中听到一位妇女对他说，“你的肩膀真有力啊！”他眼睛眨也没眨就回答道：“四分之三的水。我的身体有四分之三是水，所以我的肩膀有四分之三是水。任何有四分之三是水的东西实际上是不可能有力的。”这位好心的妇女低声嘀咕着，皱着眉头走开了。我想这个家伙回答的方式有问题。 我们当中有许多人试图用俏皮话来应对恭维。例如，有人热情洋溢地说道，“久闻您的大名。”“我想，不是什么好名声吧，”这是标准的回答。这种俏皮机智的应答，应该置于政府的规定之中。它也许会让我惊骇不已，因为我本人很不善于说俏皮话。最近我听到一位年轻人赞美一个女孩，说她像明星格丽泰·嘉宝一样，美若天仙。“奉承让你走遍天下，”她回答道。我想，这个回答相当不错。但是，在千百次的应对中才会有一句真正
◆记叙文类 (1)I had scarcely passed my twelfth birthday when I entered the inhospitable regions of examinations,through which for the next seven years I was destined to journey.These examinations were a great trial to me.The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariably those I fancied least.I would have liked to have been examined in history,poetry and writing essays.The examiners, on the other hand,were partial to Latin and mathematics.And their will prevailed. Moreover,the questions which they asked on both these subjects were almost invariably those to which I was unable to suggest a satisfactory answer.I should have liked to be asked to say what I knew.They always tried to ask what I did not know.When I would have willingly displayed my knowledge,they sought to expose my ignorance.This sort of treatment had only one result:I did not do well in examinations. This was especially true of my Entrance Examination to Harrow.(2)The Headmaster,Dr Weldon,however,took a broadminded（宽宏大量的）view of my Latin prose:he showed discernment in judging my general ability.This was the more remarkable,because I was found unable to answer a single question in the Latin paper.I wrote my name at the top of the page.I wrote down the number of the question“I”.After much reflection I put a bracket round it thus“(I)”.But thereafter I could not think of anything connected with it that was either relevant or true.Incidentally there arrived from nowhere in particular a blot and several
Unit7 汉译英 1. 警察放大了失踪女孩的照片，这样他们能容易认出她。(Use "have + object + V-ed" structure) The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged so that they could recognize her easily. 2. 我喜欢乘公共汽车上班，而不是自己驾车。那天上午也不例外。(rather than, no exception) When I go to work, I prefer to take a bus rather than drive and that morning was no exception. 3. 这位老人见到自己的孙女走进屋时站了起来，竟意想不到地移动了几步，就好像他能行走了似的。(get to one's feet, as if) When he saw his granddaughter coming into the house (Seeing his granddaughter coming into the house), the old man got to his feet and moved several steps unexpectedly as if he could walk by himself. 4. 当时我们的注意力全集中在那幅画上，没有注意到四周有什么异样情况，所以也不能提供任何额外的细节。(focus on, additional details) At that time we focused our attention on that painting without noticing anything unusual around us, and we can't offer any additional details. 5. 这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的元凶。(commit) The two robbers' methods suggested they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months. 6. 无论这个问题多么令人讨厌，它都是我们必须正视的问题。(no matter how) It's a question we have to face no matter how unpleasant it is. 英译汉 1. Experience told him that a woman's natural instinct was to defend herself rather than hurt the attacker. 经验告诉他，妇女的天性是保护自己而不是去伤害攻击者。 2. The room is looking much better since she had the walls repainted. 自从她把墙重新粉刷了后，这房间好看多了。 3. Teenage crime was out of control in many parts of the country, and this city was no exception. 在这个国家的许多地方，青少年犯罪已经失去了控制，这个城市也不例外。 4. Weeks after the robbery, he was afraid to go outside, fearing that he would come face to face with the robber a second time. 抢劫案发生后的几周，他不敢出门，害怕自己再次与劫匪面对面遭遇。 5. The victim described to the policemen how a man, who suddenly emerged from the shrub, robbed her. 受害者向警察描述她是怎样突然遭到一个从灌木丛中出来的人抢劫的。 6. For many Americans today, weekend work has unfortunately become the rule rather than the exception. 如今，对许多美国人来说，周末工作已经不幸地成为了惯例，而不是例外。 Unit9
第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝
1.国际地位和影响力。 2.生态文明建设。 3.读书之道。 4.中国武术。 5.中文热词。 6.丝绸之 路。7.民生问题。8.中国梦。 1.近年来，我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用，有力维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会，实现了中华民族的百年梦想。这些辉煌成就，充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性，展现了改革开放的伟大力量，极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感，增强了中华民族的凝聚力，激励我们奋勇前进。——选自西南交通大学出版社即将出版的《大学英语六级汉译英16字真经》 In recent years, China's international prestige and influence grew significantly. We played an important and constructive role in international affairs; effectively safeguarded our national sovereignty, security and development interests. We made major progress in our all-around diplomacy. We successfully hosted the Beijing Olympics and Shanghai World Expo, thus fulfilling dreams the Chinese nation had cherished for a century. These brilliant achievements clearly show the advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great power of reform and opening up. They greatly increased the confidence and pride of our people of all ethnic groups, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and inspired us to forge ahead.
Unit8 Passage A 1. 罗伯特·彭斯(Robert Burns) 在诗中把他所钟情的女孩比作玫瑰花。(compare...to) In his poem, Robert Burns compares the girl he loves to a rose. 2. 无论你多忙，你都应该抽时间回学校参加同学聚会。(no matter how) No matter how busy you are, you should try to make it back to the class reunion. 3. 离婚后她需要一个能给她安慰的人。(a shoulder to cry on) Answer:After her divorce she needed a shoulder to cry on. 4. 毕业20年以后，他几乎认不出他以前的同学了。(barely) Answer:He graduated 20 years ago, so he could barely recognize his former classmates. 5. 什么都无法替代亲密朋友之间的友谊。(replace) Answer:Nothing can replace the friendship between intimate friends. Unit1 Passage A 1.任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 2. Unit2 Passage A 1. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。(fill out) The policemen are busy fi lling out forms about the accident. 2. 我想在还车之前把油箱加满。(fill up, fuel tank) I want to fi ll up the fuel tank before returning the car. 3. 如果你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。(follow the procedure) If you want to make a complaint, you’d better follow the correct procedure. 4. 要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。(without) We couldn’t have fi nished the experiment so soon without John’s help. 5. 暴风雨之后，岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期发现小船的踪迹。(scan for) After the storm, the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat. Unit3 Passage A 1.我发现量入为出地过日子越来越难了。(increasingly) I find it increasingly difficult to live within my income. 2. 现代政治家们都试图以电视讲话来影响普通百姓。(reach out) Modern politicians try to reach out to ordinary people in their TV speeches. 3. 应该帮助学生对人生采取积极的态度。(adopt) Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive attitude to life.
Unit 1 was a striking woman with high cheekbones and strong angular features. 马文是一个引人注目的女人, 她有着高高的颧骨，瘦而强健。 though not willowy, Marva was immediately discernible in a crowd—even without the visibility afforded by her height—for she had acquired a poise and sophistication that gave her appearance a deliberate style. 马文老师瘦削而不软弱，就算她没有那么高，在人群中时还是一眼就能识别出来——因为她有着特别的镇静及教养，这些都使她有了一种严谨的风格。 Marva’s opinion, it was important to have a unique imprint. 在Marva老师看来，给人留下独特的印象是很重要的. 4.she was so determined.，or just plain stubborn . 马文老师意志坚定，抑或仅仅是固执。 was excitement building and Marva worked the momentum, like an entertainer who felt the pulse of an audience. 马文老师触动了孩子们兴奋的神经，她就像是一个能够触到观众脉搏的表演者。 had a teacher once who called his students 'idiots' when they screwed up. He was our orchestra conductor, a fierce Ukrainian immigrant named Jerry Kupchynsky, and when someone played out of tune, he would stop the entire group to yell. 曾经有一位老师，他把那些将事情搞砸了的学生称为“白痴”。这位老师名叫杰里，是一位令人望而生畏的乌克兰移民，他当时担任我们的乐队指挥。当有人在演奏中音调不准时，他会让整个乐团停下来，然后大吼。
Unit One An Image or a Mirage V. Translation A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。 我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “Y ou are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Y our happiness will be based on it. Y ou will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, the
研究生学术英语翻译 4
Writing a literature review 撰写文献综述 A literature review is a very important part of the research project.It may be a self-contained review or a part of the introduction to an academic essay.In either case,its purpose is to demonstrate a clear understanding of the topic being https://www.doczj.com/doc/0510990694.html,ly,your literature review must tell what has been done on the topic,what different scholars have said about their own research,what major findings have been published,and what controversial area exist.A good literature review can enhance the credibility of your research by indicating that your present study is based on a thorough and critical knowledge of what has been done in the field. Before writing,to be critical,you must ask questions like these about each book or article you read: 文献综述是研究项目的一个重要组成部分。它可以是一个独立的综述或是一个学术论文引言的一部分。在每一种情况下，它的目的都是表明对所研究的课题有一个清晰的认识。即你的文献综述必须告诉大家对这一主题已经做了什么，不同的学者是怎么说自己的研究的，什么结果是已经发表的，和什么地方是有争议存在的。一个好的文献综述可以提高你的研究的可信性通过表明你目前的研究是基于在该领域已被报道的知识的全面的，批判的了解。在写作之前，关键的是，关于你读的每一本书或文章，你必须问这样的问题： .Is the problem clearly defined?Is its significance clearly established? .Could the problem have been approached more effectively from another perspective or an another theory? .Is the author’s research orientation(e.g.descriptive,critical,empirical)appropriate? .Is there a theoretical framework and is it appropriate to the research(e.g.psychological,developmental,cognitive,feminist)? .Has the author evaluated the literature relevant to the problem/issue?Does the author include literature taking positions she or he does not agree with? .How reliable are the basic components of the study design(e.g.population,variables,outcome)?How accurate and valid are the methods used?Is the analysis of the data accurate and relevant to the research question?Are the conclusions validly based upon the data and analysis? Does the author avoid using one-sided examples,or rhetorically-charged language and tone?Is there an objective basis to the reasoning?
一单元A 1.She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 2.He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 3.How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？ 4.The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 他们利润增长，部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 5.Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。 6.We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 1. I don't think that he would commit robbery, much less would he commit violent robbery.我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了. 2. Men earn ten dollars an hour on average, whereas women only seven dollars.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元. 3. Once the balance in nature is disturbed, it will result in a number of possible unforeseeable effects.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响. 4. The final examination is close at hand; you'd better spend more time reading.期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书. 5. What is interesting is that consumers find it increasingly difficult to identify the nationality of certain brands. This is due partly to globalization and partly to changes in the location of production.有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化. 6. A recent survey showed that women account for 40 percent of the total workforce.最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%. 二A 1. Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。 2. Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。 3. The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。 4. He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 5. The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。 6. This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。 B 1. They persisted in carrying out the project despite the fact that it had proved unworkable at the