当前位置:文档之家› 情态动词(完整整理版)

情态动词(完整整理版)

情态动词(完整整理版)
情态动词(完整整理版)

情态动词

1. 情态动词的推测表达

2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气

3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法

一、知识重点与难点总结

知识重点:

情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用:

(一)用情态动词表达事实的推测。can,could,might,may,must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小,must表示“肯定…”,may / might / can / could表示“可能……”,must 只用于肯定句中,may / might的否定式may not / might not表示“可能不……”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句,表示“可能,可能……吗?”,其否定式can’t / couldn’t表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。

(二)对现在的事实进行推测:

主要结构:…must / may / might +动词原形

be+名词/形容词/介词短语

be + doing

例句:

1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.

2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.

3. The teacher must be joking.

4. Freda isn’t in class. She m ust be sick.

5. There must be something wrong.

6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.

7. He may be arriving this evening.

8. He may be traveling around the world.

9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it ve ry carefully.

10. Can the news be true?

(三)对过去的事实进行推测:结构:情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语

例句:

1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.

2. He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad.

3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.

4. He might have overslept again.

5. Where can Tom have gone ?

情态动词表达虚拟语气:表达“本来…”,“不然早就…”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨,后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加have done 结构。根据要表达的意思,有如下结构:

should have done / ought to have done:本应该……

shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done:本不该……

could have done:本来可以……

needn’t have done:本来没必要……

would like to have done:本来很想……

would rather not have done: 本来不愿意……

could / might / have done: 不然早就……

例句:

1. You shoul dn’t have laughed at his mistakes.

2. You could have told us earlier.

3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.

4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.

5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.

6. They would like to have seen that film last film.

7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.

8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.

知识难点:

某些情态动词的特殊用法:

need 和dare 的两种形式的用法

need 和dare可以用做实义动词,后面接不定式(to do)结构,在疑问句和否定句中,加助动词do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作为情态动词使用时,主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词needn’t(没有必要,不必)相当于don’t have to

例句:

1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.

2. Need I stay here with you for a while? Thank you, you needn’t.

3. How dare you speak to parents like that?

注意:

句型I dare say+从句。意思是:我肯定…… = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+从句。例句:

I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.

will和would

表示“意志”或“愿意”,would 则指过去愿意做……

例句:

1. He said that he would help us.

2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.

would可以表达“过去习惯做……”类似于“used to do”

例句:

1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.

表示请求,固定的句型:Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…?

例句:Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?

shall

1. 用于第一,三人称,表示“请求”;“建议”或“推荐”

例句:

1. Shall we start the meeting now?

2. Shall I watch TV now?

3. Shall my son carry the case for you?

2. 用于第二人称,表示“命令,“要求”,“许诺”

例句:

1. You shall take whatever you like.

2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.

在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中,常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示,意思是:“可能…吗?”;“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。

【典型例题】

1. —Do you think he will do me a favor ?

—As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.

A. might

B. must

C. can

D. should

分析:本题考查情态动词推测性用法。根据he is the last one to help others.(他是最不可能帮助别人的人),既然如此,那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案为A

2. —Look, someone is coming. Guess who it ____ be ?

—I think it ___ be Tom.

—I don’t think it ___ be ____ .

A. can ; must ; can ; he

B. may ; can ; must ; him

C. must ; can ; must ; his

D. might ; must ; can ; himself

分析:根据备选答案。can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该是Guess who can it be? 第二句应该是I think it must be Tom.(说话人十分肯定)。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即:I don’t think it can be him/he.(不可能是他)。答案为A

3. —Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ?

—Sure. She ____ around the campus now.

A. must be walking

B. must walk

C. may walk

D. may be walking

分析:关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境:她此刻肯定正在校园散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案为A

4. —I stayed at a hotel in New York.

—Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara.

A. could have stayed

B. could stay

C. would say

D. must have stayed

分析:首句说:我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D选项不合题意。第二句在说:你本来可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示:本来可以。答案为A

5. Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _____ all the way here through the heavy snow.

A. needn’t have driven

B. can’t have driven

C. mustn’t have driven

D. shouldn’t have driven

分析:根据句意:你为什么不告诉我今天没有会?我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。Needn’t have done表示本来没必要。答案为A

6. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave

B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left

D. needn’t leave

分析:根据句意:我真的很担心你,你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Should have done正好表达了本句的意思。答案为B

7. A:Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?

B:I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.

A. must

B. would

C. should

D. might

分析:根据B的回答:我不一定去,我有可能去听音乐会。Might表示推测:可能。答案为D

8. A:I promise that she ____ get a nice present on her birthday.

B:Will it be a big surprise to her ?

A. should

B. must

C. would

D. shall

分析:A说:“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼物。shall表示许诺。答案为D

【模拟试题】

1. A:Is John coming by train ?

B:He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must

B. can

C. need

D. may

2. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.

A. should have arrived

B. should arrive

C. should have had arrived

D. should be arriving

3. Sorry, I’m late. I _____ have turne d off the alarm and gone to sleep again.

A. might

B. should

C. can

D. will

4. You _____ be tired—You’ve only been working for an hour.

A. must not

B. won’t

C. can’t

D. may not

5. —I didn’t go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down.

—You _____ mine. I wasn’t using it.

A. might borrow

B. could have borrowed

C. can have borrowed

D. ought to borrow

6. —A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband.

—It _____ her husband. He has been dead for ages.

A. mustn’t be

B. couldn’t have been

C. may not have been

D. mustn’t have been

【试题答案】

1. 分析:根据B的回答“他应该(坐火车来),但是也不一定,他喜欢开自己的车。本题考查了情态动词的推测用法。may表示不十分有把握的推测。答案为D

2. 分析:根据句意:White先生本应该在8:30到这里出席会议的,可他(在8:30)没有到场。Should have done表示:本应该。答案为A

3. 分析:本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因:我或许是关掉闹钟又睡了。might have done 表示对过去的推测:可能已经……答案为A

4. 分析:根据后半句You’ve only been working for an hour.(你才刚干了一个小时)说明

You _____ be tired(你不可能很累),can’t 表示“不可能”答案为C

5. 分析:听到对方说“昨天车坏了而没去上班”,第二个人说“你本来可以借我的车去

上班。” 本来可以/能:could have done. 答案为B

6. 分析:第二个人是说:那个人不可能是她丈夫,因为她丈夫已经去世多年了。根据对

话的语境,是在谈论过去的事,表示过去不可能:could not have done 答案为:B

二、“情态动词+完成式”

1. “should(ought to)+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。

①—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.

— You________ her last week.

A.ought to tell B.would have told

C.must tell D.should have told

②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now.

A. shouldn’t eat

B. mustn’t have eaten

C. shouldn’t have eaten

D. mustn’t eat

2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成,含有遗憾的意味。

He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.

A. could

B. would

C. must

D. need

3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如:

You needn’t have watered the flo wers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的,因为天就要下雨了。— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done

三、常见的情态动词

1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。

①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall ②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.

—You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.

A. shan’t

B. might not

C. needn’t

D. shouldn’t

③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?— Of course.

A. Will

B. Shall

C. Would

D. Do

2. must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏偏,偏要”;mustn’t表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告。

①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour?

A. Must

B. Can

C. May

D. Need

②Tom, you lea ve all your clothes on the floor like this!A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not

3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。

—Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

—She ______. I’ve already borrowed one.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. shouldn’t

4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.

A. would

B. should

C. had better

D. might

5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/were able to,而不能用could。

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.

A. had to

B. would

C. was able to

D. could

6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况

①—Write to me when you get home.— _______. A. I must B. I should C. I will

D. I can

② — Could I call you by your first name?

—Yes, you ______. A. will B. could C. may D. might

巩固练习:

1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.

A. needn’t

B. can’t

C. should

D. may

2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.

A. had to write it out

B. must have written it out

C. should have written it out

D. ought to write it out

3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.

A. mustn’t have arrived

B. shouldn’t have arrived

C. can’t have arrived

D. needn’t have arrived

4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. won’t

D. needn’t

5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.

A. should

B. can

C. must

D. will

6. — Is John coming by train?

— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may

7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. can B. will C. may D. shall

8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.

A. might

B. need

C. should

D. would

9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. —_______.

A. I don’t

B. I won’t

C. I can’t

D. I haven’t

10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She____ at the meeting.

A. mustn’t have spoken

B. shouldn’t have spoken

C. needn’t have spoken

D. couldn’t have spoken

例题答案Key: C D B B Key: C Key: C A Key:A Key: B B D A Key: D C

Key:A Key: B Key: D A B Key: A B Key: C Key: A Key:C Key:C C

练习答案与解析

1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度,needn’t意思是“没有必要”,与语境不符。

2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿,但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知,说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味,应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式,“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测,“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。

3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”,“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。

4. A 从第二分句可知,这是妇女和儿童专用候车室,因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止,不准”。

5. B can在此表示许可。

6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测,can not的语气太绝对,意思是“根本不可能”。

7. D shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。

8. C should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩,意思是“竟然”。

9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will;否定回答用I won’t。

10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”,所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。

情态动词总结及翻译题

1.能(力)+ 可能+ 允许 2.经过一番努力做成某事() 3.也许+ 允许+ 句首祝愿 4.也许(可能性比小) 5.不妨做某事 6.’t 不能+ 不可能 7.必须(主观)——’t 禁止 肯定(猜测)——’t 不可能 偏偏,非要? ? 猜测肯定 肯定正在做 肯定已经做 8.’t 禁止 9.’t 不必= ’t / ’t 10.语气(允诺,命令,警告,决心) 征求意见?要不要让他来见你 11. 1.应该2(义务+在情理之中的可能) 2.虚拟语气 3.竟然 4.在, , , 等引起的从句中,其谓语用+动词原形。. 5带感情色彩,常用在, 开头的疑问句中。 I ? I . 11.意愿I . 倾向. 难免,毕竟.事故难免会发生。 .男孩毕竟是男孩。 12.当时,奶奶老是()坐在那里看报纸 13.否定句和疑问句用法 你不必去那里() ( )

需要他去那里么?() () 14.需要被做某事(花朵需要浇水) 15. 它既可以作形为动词又可以作情态动词,作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句,否定句及条件句中,陈述句中很少使用但(I )除外。没人称和数的变化,但有时态变化,过去时为. 否定式为’t . 16.’t 17. 可能做过某事 本可能做某事,而实际没有/本能够做某事,而实际没有 18.‘t 本没必要做某事,而实际做了 19. 本打算做某事,而实际没有 20.情态动词的回答方式 问句肯定回答否定回答 …?, I .'t …?. ’'t . 21.情态动词表推测 肯定的推测一般用, , ()或(不用),其中,的语气最强,译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”;的语气次之,译为“很可能”、“应该”,指按常理推测;(),的语气最弱,译为“也许”、“可能”。 否定推测分为两种情况: 1)语气不很肯定时,常用, 或,译为“可能不”、“也许不”。 2)否定语气较强时,则用’t,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。

情态动词的基本用法归纳

情态动词的基本用法归纳情态动词有 can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would), dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 一、can,could 1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Canyouliftthisheavybox?(体力) Marycanspeakthreelanguages.(知识) Canyouskate?(技能) 此时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。 I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。如: Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrai n. 2)表示请求和允许。 -----CanIgonow? -----Yes,youcan./No,y oucan’t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。 ----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow? ----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.) 3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。 They’vechangedthetimetable,sowecangobybusinstead. Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast. 4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Canthisbetrue? Thiscan’tbedonebyhim. Howcanthisbetrue? 二、may,might 1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。 ----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom? ----No,youmustn’t. ----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom? ----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.) 用MayI...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?在口语中更常见。 2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

情态动词的基本用法及其区别 最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中,命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词,除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。 一、用“情态动词+have +done”结构表示对过去动作的推测,高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用“对立统一”来概括。 1.当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明,且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时,我们可用“统一”关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有: must have done: 表示对过去动作的肯定推测,常译作“一定做了……”,只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done 疑问式为Can/Could...have done﹖。 could /might have done:表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测,常译作“可能做了……”。如: 1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _____your lecture. A.couldn’t have attended B.needn’t have attended C.mustn’t have attended D.shouldn’t have attended 本题选A。 2) Jack ____yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. A.mustn’t have arrived B.shouldn’t have arrived C.can’t have arrived D.need not have arrived (C) 2.当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时,常借助“but, however, instead”等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符,这时我们就可以用“对立”关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有: should have done /ought to have done:表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。 should not have done /ought not to have done:表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。 need have done:表示过去本来有必要去做某事,但事实上没有做。 need not have done:表示过去本来没有必要做某事,但事实上却做了。如: 3) I was really anxious about you.You _____home without a word.(NMET2001) A.mustn’t leave B.shouldn’t have left C.couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave “本不应该离家出走却走了”,故本题选B。 4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____for her.

情态动词(完整整理版)

情态动词 1. 情态动词的推测表达 2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气 3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法 一、知识重点与难点总结 知识重点: 情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用: (一)用情态动词表达事实的推测。can,could,might,may,must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小,must表示“肯定…”,may / might / can / could表示“可能……”,must 只用于肯定句中,may / might的否定式may not / might not表示“可能不……”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句,表示“可能,可能……吗?”,其否定式can’t / couldn’t表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。 (二)对现在的事实进行推测: 主要结构:…must / may / might +动词原形 be+名词/形容词/介词短语 be + doing 例句: 1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well. 2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night. 3. The teacher must be joking.

4. Freda isn’t in class. She m ust be sick. 5. There must be something wrong. 6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense. 7. He may be arriving this evening. 8. He may be traveling around the world. 9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it ve ry carefully. 10. Can the news be true? (三)对过去的事实进行推测:结构:情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语 例句: 1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth. 2. He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad. 3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library. 4. He might have overslept again. 5. Where can Tom have gone ? 情态动词表达虚拟语气:表达“本来…”,“不然早就…”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨,后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加have done 结构。根据要表达的意思,有如下结构: should have done / ought to have done:本应该…… shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done:本不该…… could have done:本来可以…… needn’t have done:本来没必要…… would like to have done:本来很想……

情态动词的基本用法归纳

~ 情态动词的基本用法归纳 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 一、 can, could 1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box(体力) Mary can speak three languages.(知识) \ Can you skate(技能) 此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。 I’ll not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如: He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。 -----Can I go now ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. % 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。 ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. ) 3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。 They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true ? This can’t be done by him. How can this be true 二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。 ----Might/ May I smoke in this room ---- No, you mustn’t. ---- May/Might I take this book out of the room ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 》 用May I...征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...在口语中更常见。 2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

英语助动词和情态动词及练习

英语助动词和情态动词及练习 一、概述 不同的时态(一般式、进形式、完成式、将来式),不同的语态(主动、被动),不同的语气(祈使、陈述、虚拟),不同的结构(肯定、否定、疑问),以及说话者本身的态度或命令、请求、愿望、可能等,所有这些都要借助于助动词和情态动词表达出来。助动词一般没有词意,不能单独作谓语动词,除非省略句中。他们只参加时态、语态、语气或否定、疑问结构。情态动词有词义,可以用来表示说话者的语气和态度。主要的助动词和情态动词如下表: 二、助动词 助动词一般没有词意,不能单独作谓语动词。其作用在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等。 1、助动词be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)的用法 (1) be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。 Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴? She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。 (2)be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。 He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。 You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。 (3)be 后跟不定式作谓语,有如下几种情况: ①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。 Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀? I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。 ②表示指示、命令,否定式表禁止。 You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。 You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。 ③表示义务、责任等,同should。 You are to be back before 5.你得在5点钟以前回来。 What is to be done?该干什么。 ④表示可能性,与情态动词may, can同义。 Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。 Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。 ⑤表示后来发生的事,可以用来表示命运或注定 They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了,没想到再也不能相见了。 He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。 ⑥用于习语 Where am I to go? 我该向何处去? What am I to do? 我该怎么办? 2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法 (1)助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时

情态动词的意义和用法

一、考点回顾 1、情态动词的基本用法 (1)can、be able to 和could ①can和be able to都表示能力,意思上没多大区别。 can只有现在和过去时,而be able to则有更多的形式。 但当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。 这时was/were able to 相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。 ②can和could can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用could,回答时则用can。 (2)may/might ①may/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。 ②may/might表示“允许”,may用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。如: ③may / might 表示建议或请求,但might比may 更客气,意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义 用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句,在疑问句中通常用can来代替。 May I ... 问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。 肯定回答 Yes, please.Certainly.Yes, of course.Sure.Go ahead, please. 否定回答 No, you can't. (最常见)No, you mustn't. (具有强烈禁止的意思) Please don't. You'd better not.I don't think you can.I'm sorry it's not allowed. (3)must ①must表示必须,应该,没有时态变化。 ②must表示肯定的推测。如: ③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如: (4)have to have to 表示“必须、不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事,也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。如: (5)should / ought to ①should和ought to表示应当、应该,前者比后者语气轻。 ②should / ought to 表推测。 ③should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如: ④should可表示陈述意见,推出建议或请求;而ought to可以表示劝告之意。如: (6)will / would ①will 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等,否定式won’t + 动词。如: ②will用于疑问句中,常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如: ③will 表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如: ④would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如: ⑤would 表示过去反复发生的动作,总是会。 (7)need need 作“必要”讲,既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要

初中英语情态动词详细用法归纳(含练习及答案)(直接打印版)

初中英语情态动词详细用法归纳(含练习及答案)(直接打印版) 情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 1. can 的用法: (1).表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为―能、会‖,即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如:She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快,但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。 (2).表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。 (3).表示推测,意为―可能‖,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t 译为― 不可能‖。如:Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。 【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t 【解析】根据下文―我刚去过那儿‖可知,应为― 不可能‖,can’t 表示推测[答案] A 2. could的用法: (1).can的过去式,意为― 能、会‖,表示过去的能力。如:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。 (2). could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。(注意回答) 3. may的用法: (1).表示请求、许可,比can 正式,如:May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。 【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 【解析】在此处表示请求,意为― 做……可以吗‖。答案:A (2) .表示推测,谈论可能性,意为― 可能,或许‖,一般用于肯定句中。如:It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢. (3) .may的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may。如:He is away from school. He might be sick. 他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。 (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如:May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福!May you succeed!祝你成功! 4. must的用法: (1).must 表示主观看法,意为―必须、一定‖。如:You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗? (2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示― 一定不要‖ ―千万别‖ ―禁止, 不许‖. 如:You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。 (3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to .如:—Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗?—No, you needn’t.不,你不必。 (4)must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。 注意其反意问句的构成形式: 当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如:She must have seen the film before,hasn’t she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)

be动词-情态动词及助动词用法

七年级英语双休日作业 班级:姓名:等级 英语句型变化总结练习 1、含有be动词am,is,are构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把am,is,are提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可。 变否定句时直接在am,is,are后面加not即可。例如: 肯定句:He is a student. 一般疑问句: a student? 否定句: He a student. 肯定句:We are from China. 一般疑问句: from China? 否定句:We from China 2. 由情态动词can, may, should等构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把can, may,提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可. 变否定句时直接在can, may,后面加not即可. 例如: 肯定句: She can swim. 一般疑问句:she swim? 否定句: She swim. 3. 由行为动词构成的句子: 需要加助词do或does. 变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面. 变否定句时在主语后面加don’t / doesn’t , 谓语用动词原形。例如: 肯定句: They play football after school. 一般疑问句: play football after school? 否定句: They football after school. 肯定句:Tom watches TV every day. 一般疑问句: Tom TV every day? 否定句: Tom TV every day.

注意:变否定句时相关词的改变 肯定句变否定句时,除将谓语变为否定式外,句中其他词语也可能随之改变: 如将some改为any,too和also改为either,and改为or等:There are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。 →There aren’t ______ birds in the tree. 树上没有鸟。 He likes the book, too. 他也喜欢这本书。 →He doesn’t like the book, ______. 他也不喜欢这本书。He likes singing and dancing. 他喜欢唱歌和跳舞。 →He doe sn’t like singing ______dancing. 他不喜欢唱歌也 不喜欢跳舞。补充练习: 根据句后括号内的要求,填入句中所缺的词: 1. I know the answer. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ know the answer? 2. We can see some birds. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ see ______ birds? 3. There is a computer in the house. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ a computer in the house? 4. There are some flowers on the teachers’ desk. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ any flowers on the teachers’ desk? 5. There are some apples on the tree. (否定式) There ______ ______ ______ apples on the tree. 6. I think he is old. (否定句) I ______ think he ______ old.

(完整版)情态动词翻译训练

1.那不会是真的!That can’t be true! 2.作为人类,任何人都会犯错。As a human being, anyone can make mistake. 3.她有时非常的健忘。She can be very forgetful sometimes. 4.香蕉可以用来酿酒。The banana can be used for making wine. / The wine can be made from bananas. 5.这条高速公路有时会很拥挤。This motorway sometimes can get busy. 6.月亮不会一直是圆的。The moon can’t always be at the full. 7.晚上有可能会下雨。It may/might be rainy/rain tonight. 8.我晚上可能会去电影院,但是我不确定。I may/might go to the cinema tonight, but I’m not sure. 9.这家商店可能没开门。This shop may/might not be open. 10.我下周末可能外出。I may/might go away next weekend. 11.小行星有可能撞击地球。The asteroid may/might hit the earth. 12.我明天或许会打网球。I may/might play tennis tomorrow. 13.Rebecca或许一会儿会回电话。Rebecca may call back later. 14.“你今晚出去吗?” “或许吧”。“Are you going out tonight?” “I might.” 15.买张彩票吧!你或许运气不错!Buy a lottery ticket! You might be lucky!

最全情态动词的用法

情态动词的用法 一.can和could 特别提示: (1)could用来表示请求时,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不能用于肯定句,回答应该用can(即:could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。如: ——Could I use your dictionary? ——Yes, you can.(否定回答可用:No, I’m afraid not.) (2)can和be able to区分 can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力,意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to则有更多的形式。如: I’ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English. Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you’ll be able to carry them on your own? 但是,表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力,终于做成了某事,通常不用could,而用was/were able to来

表示。这时,was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如:After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again. The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building. (3) 惯用形式“cannot …too…”表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”。如: You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。 惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式(不带to)”表示“不得不,只好”。如: I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。 二.may和might 二.must和have to

中考考点情态动词和助动词

Period Ten 情态动词和助动词 重点掌握情态动词can, may, must, need等词在语境中的运用,情态动词在句子中常用来表示“能力,允许,禁止,意愿,可能”等情感或态度。掌握助动词do, will, shall, have, be在句中的作用。 一、情态动词 1. 情态动词的定义 情态动词表示说话人对所述动作或状态的态度或看法。情态动词本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和动词一起构成谓语,在各种人称后都用同样的形式。 2. 情态动词的用法 (1)can的用法 ①表示人或物本身所具有的能力,意为“能,能够,会”。eg: Can you skate? 你会滑冰吗? She can speak a little Chinese. 她能讲一点儿汉语。 ②表示可能性,意为“可能会”,常用于否定句或疑问句。eg: Can it be true? 那会是真的吗? That can’t be Mary; she’s in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽;她住院了。 (2) could的用法 ①could可以表示过去的能力,若表示现在的能力时,语气比can委婉。eg: She couldn’t swim half a year ago. 她半年前不会游泳。 What a good idea! Maybe I could talk about English names. 你的想法太好!也许我能谈谈英国人的名字问题。 ②表示礼貌,常用在疑问句中,意为“能,可以”,答语一般用can。 —Could I borrow your bicycle? 我可以借一下你的自行车吗? —Yes, you can./ No, you can’t. 是的,可以。/不,不行。 ③表示猜测、怀疑等态度,一般用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。对现在情况表示猜测时,could 比can更 不确定,其结构为“can/could+动词原形”;对过去表示猜测时,结构为“can/could+ have+过去分词”。eg: You could be right, I suppose.我想可能是你对。 Don’t worry. They could have just forgotten to phone. 别担心。他们很可能只是忘了打电话。 (3) may和might的用法 ①表示允许,用于肯定句。eg: You may come if you wish. 你要来就来吧。 Passenges may cross by the footbridge. 乘客可使用步行桥。 ②表示许可,用于疑问句。might是may 的过去式,比may语气委婉。eg: May I come in? 我可以进来吗? Might I make a suggestion ? 我可以提个建议吗? ③表示客观不可能性。eg: Take an umbrella with you. It may rain. 带上雨伞,可能会下雨。 (4) must的用法 ①must表示“必须”时多用于肯定句或疑问句,其否定回答用needn’t;,用于否定句时,表示“不应该,不 许可,不准,禁止”。eg: I must go to the bank to get some money. 我得到银行去取些钱。 Cars mustn’t park in front of the entrance. 入口处不得停放汽车。 ②它在肯定句中,还可表示“推测”,意为“一定”。“must be”表示对现在某事的推测;“must have done” 表示对过去的推测;反意疑问时,要根据must后的be或have来做。eg:

情态动词归纳及专项练习题

情态动词归纳及专项练习题 一、单项选择情态动词 1.If we had paid enough attention to the issue of the heavily-overloaded vehicles, the tragedy of the collapse of an overpass in Wuxi _____ avoided. A.should B.could be C.should have been D.could have been 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词用法。句意:如果我们对超载车辆问题给予足够的重视,就可以避免无锡立交桥垮塌的悲剧。本句为“情态动词+have done”结构,结合句意表示“本来可以;本来能够”应用could have done结构,且主语与谓语动词avoid构成被动关系,故应用be done形式。故选D。 【点睛】 情态动词+have done的结构和用法有以下几种: 一、must have done sth.“一定做了某事”。表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测,这时只能用在肯定句中,“肯定/必须已经干过……”,在否定句和疑问句中用can’t或co uldn’t或can/ could,例如: 1.From what you said, she must have told you all about it. 从你的话看,她一定告诉了你所有的事情。 二、can/could have done sth.本来能够做某事,而实际上未做; 1.But we could have done it all so much better. 但是,我们本可以把这一切做得更好。 三、can't/couldn't have done sth.不可能做过某事; 1. We could't have done it without you. 没有你我们办不成这事。 四、ought to/should have done sth.过去本应该做某事而实际上并没有做。 You should have done it when you first saw them blooming this spring. 你应该在今年春天第一次看到它们盛开的时候就挖一些的。 2.Even if it’s something you should have done earlier in the wee k or missed a detail on. 甚至你在一个星期前的就提早完成了一件事或者忽略了一个小细节。 2.—I don’t really like Janes. Why did you invite him? —Don’t worry. He come. He said he was’t certain what his plans were. A.must not B.need not C.would not D.might not 【答案】D 【解析】 考察情态动词,题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来,可能来,因此使用不完全否定,might not。 3.--- Oh, my God! I just missed the last bus back home.

情态动词总结及翻译题

情态动词总结及翻译题 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】

1.c a n能(力)+可能+允许 2.beabletodo经过一番努力做成某事(=managetodosth) 3.may也许+允许+句首祝愿 4.might也许(可能性比may小) 5.may/mightaswelldosth不妨做某事 6.can’t不能+不可能 7.must必须(主观)——mustn’t禁止 肯定(猜测)——can’t不可能 偏偏,非要Mustyoushoutsoloudly? Mustyousmokehere 猜测mustdo肯定 bedoing肯定正在做 havedonesth肯定已经做 8.mustn’t禁止 9.don’thaveto=needn’tdo/don’tneedtodo 10.shall语气(允诺,命令,警告,决心) 征求意见Shallhecometoseeyou?要不要让他来见你 11.should 1.应该2(义务+在情理之中的可能) 2.虚拟语气 3.竟然 4.在lest,forfearthat,incase,等引起的从句中,其谓语用should+动词原形。Hecleanstheglasswithcareforfearthatheshouldbreakit. 带感情色彩,常用在why,how开头的疑问句中。 WhyshouldIinvitehim? HowshouldIknow. 11.will意愿Iwilldoit. 倾向Fishwilldieoutofwater. 难免,毕竟Accidentwillhappen.事故难免会发生。 Boyswillbeboys.男孩毕竟是男孩。 12.would当时,奶奶老是(would)坐在那里看报纸 13.need/dare否定句和疑问句用法 你不必去那里(want) (can) 需要他去那里么(want) (can) 14.needdoingsth/needtobedone需要被做某事(花朵需要浇水) 15.dare 它既可以作形为动词又可以作情态动词,作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句,否定句及条件句中,陈述句中很少使用但(Idaresay)除外。没人称和数的变化,但有时态变化,过去时为dared.否定式为daren’t.

系动词助动词情态动词

系动词助动词情态动词内部编号:(YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128)

系动词、助动词、情态动词 一、情态动词 1.can(could):能够、可能、可以;may(might):可以、可能;must:必须; shall:将会;should:应该;will:将会,愿意;would:将会 2.半情态动词(后接动原,但否定和疑问句要借助do):have to不得不,had better最好,used to过去常常 3.情态动词无三单(have to除外);不能单独使用,后接动词原形共同构成谓语 4. need既可做实义动词又可做情态动词(作实义动词,后接to do/doing,否定don’t need to do do/doing;作情态动词,后接动词原形,否定needn’t do) 5.表推测:must be一定是(语气最肯定),can be可能是,may be也许是(语 气最不肯定);can’t be一定不是(语气最肯定,must be的否定形式) 6.maybe也许(副词,常用在句首);may be也许是(谓语动词,用在句中) 7.must与need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to(不必). 8.may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may/can,否定回答用can’t/mustn’t. 二、系动词 1.系动词后可接形容词。 2.表示状态的系动词be(am, is, are, was, were,been),keep ,stay,表示感觉的 半系动词feel (摸起来,感觉), look (看起来), smell (闻起来), sound (听起来),taste(尝起来); 三、助动词 1.助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,必须和实义动词共同构成谓语。 2.常用的助动词:be(am, is, are, was, were,been,being)用于进行时态或被动 语态;do(does,did)用于一般现在时或一般过去时的否定句和疑问句; have(has,had)用于完成时态;will,shall,would,should用于将来时态, shall/should只能用于第一人称。 情态动词与系动词练习题 一、基础题 1.-Where's Mr Lee I have something unusual to tell him. -You________ find him. He________ Japan. A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to 2.-Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK-Sorry. It________ in such a short time. A. may do B. can't be done C. must do D. needn't be done 3.I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I want in it. A. must B. have to C. need to D. can 4.________you mend my car I______not start it. A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may 5.________she ride when she was three years old A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May 6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago. A. can B. may C. could 7.Who is the man over there Is it Mr Li-No, it________be him. Mr Li is much taller.

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档