高中英语学习材料
madeofjingetieji
Unit 3 A healthy life
课时作业(五)Warming Up & Reading Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．More and more people cannot bear the ________(压力)of modern life.
2．After the accident，he was ________(禁止)from driving alone.
3．He ________(停止)smoking，and talked something to the person next to him.
4．This heating system has an ________(自动的)temperature control.
5．I am ________(使习惯于)to taking a walk after supper.
6．He has been brought in to ________(加强)the defence.
7．At one time，she is fine，but at another，she is ________(异常的)．
8．As for you，you ought to be ________(惭愧的)of yourself.
9．They think this is an ________(滥用)of power.
10．In the long run，working regularly has a good ________(效力)on our health.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2013·芜湖高二月考)Children at the beginning of last century were________to the life without television.
A．disappointed B．accustomed
C．puzzled D．harmful
2．(2013·烟台高二月考)I found her nice and honest________I saw her.
A．for the first time B．the first time
C．on the first time D．at first
3．________ I explained on the phone，your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A．When B．After
C．As D．Since
4．Compared with his sister，Jerry is even more ________ to，and more easily troubled by emotional and relationship problems.
A．skeptical B．addicted
C．available D．sensitive
5．In my opinion，we should put more ________ on the quality of our products，not just the cost.
A．stress B．effect
C．notice D．support
6．—This is the second time I________pictures with my own camera.
—It's time that you________a picture of me.
A．had taken；took B．have taken；took
C．will take；will take D．took；have taken
7．(2013·德州高二检测)I have been accustomed to________to work________foot.
A．going；on B．go；on
C．go；in D．going；at
8．It is reported that the president has put off the trip________the storm on the sea.
A．in spite of B．lead to
C．due to D．as a result
9．From the ________ look on his face，we know that the result must be ________．
A．disappointed；disappointing
B．disappointed；disappointed
C．disappointing；disappointing
D．disappointing；disappointed
10．It has been revealed that some government leaders ________ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.
A．misuse B．abandon
C．abuse D．accustom
11．—Has he decided________the complex decision which troubled him for a long time?
—Not yet.
A．for B．on
C．against D．between
12．(2013·黄山高二月考)I know I'd never been any good at school，so I just________trying.
A．risk B．ban
C．attempt D．quit
13．(2013·铜陵高二检测)What you have done will not have________your fame.
A．a good effect in B．a good affect
C．affect D．a good effect on
14．You should be ________ of your ________ behavior.
A．shameful；ashamed B．ashamed；shameful
C．shame；shameful D．ashamed；shame
15．The leader________his basketball team by bringing in several young players.
A．weakened B．strengthened
C．quitted D．banned
Ⅲ.完形填空
One day，Mr Arnold was explaining the story of mankind to his pupils.He told them that，in the beginning，men were nomads(游牧民)：they never __1__ in the same place for very long.Instead，they would travel about __2__ food.
He taught them about the __3__ of farming and keeping animals.This was a(n)__4__ discovery，because by learning to grow crops，and __5__ animals，mankind would always have food __6__ available.It also meant that people could remain living in one place，and this made it easier to set about __7__ that would take a long time to complete，like building cities.All the children were listening，attracted __8__ by this story，until Lucy jumped up，asking，“Why are we nomads again，Mr Arnold？”
Mr Arnold didn't know what to say.Lucy was a very __9__ girl.He knew that she lived with her parents in a __10__，so she must know that her family were not
nomads；so what did she __11__？
“We have all become nomads again，”__12__ Lucy.“The other day，outside the city，they were cutting the forest down.A while ago a fisherman told me __13__ they fish.It's the same with everyone：when there's no more forest left the foresters go elsewhere，and when the fish __14__ the fishermen move on.That's what the nomads did，isn't it？”
The teacher __15__，thoughtfully.Really mankind had turned into nomads.__16__ looking after the land in a way that we could be sure it would keep __17__ our needs，we kept abusing it until the land was __18__．And then off we would go to the next place!
The class spent the rest of the afternoon talking about what they could __19__．The next day everyone attended class wearing a green T－shirt，with a __20__ on it that said“I am not a nomad！”
1．A.played B．stayed
C．studied D．worked
2．A.in favor of B．in exchange for
C．in search of D．in preparation for
3．A.invention B．advantage
C．plan D．trick
4．A.different B．convenient
C．difficult D．important
5．A.look for B．vote for
C．care for D．hunt for
6．A.readily B．actually
C．suddenly D．hardly
7．A.lives B．tasks
C．lessons D．promises
8．A.eagerly B．easily
C．routinely D．deeply
9．A.funny B．clever
C．humorous D．lucky
10．A.house B．garden
C．cave D．forest
11．A.emphasize B．hear
C．mean D．want
12．A.claimed B．continued
C．insisted D．cried
13．A.that B．which
C．what D．how
14．A.give away B．run out
C．turn down D．give up
15．A.nodded B．explained
C．doubted D．addressed
16．A.Because of B．Instead of
C．In spite of D．As a result of
17．A.realizing B．expecting
C．showing D．supplying
18．A.harmful B．vast
C．bare D．clear
19．A.do B．love
C．organize D．accept
20．A.book B．table
C．pen D．message
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Sleep Struggle
One in every five young people has a sleep problem，so you're not alone.Getting enough sleep has become as important as eating vegetables and exercising regularly.It's very important for your body.
Most young people only get seven hours of sleep each night，when they actually need nine hours.And making up for lost sleep during the week by sleeping on
weekends doesn't really work.In fact，sleeping late on weekends may actually do you more harm than good，if you have sleep problems.
What happens if you don't get enough sleep？If your sleep problem continues for a few nights，you could suffer serious https://www.doczj.com/doc/04890656.html,ck of sleep can affect learning and memory.Worse，if your sleep difficulties last a long time，that could lead to anxiety or depression(抑郁)．Therefore，you've got to have some healthy sleep habits.Below are some suggestions：
●GO TO BED AT THE SAME TIME—including weekends，if possible.
●WAKE UP AROUND THE SAME TIME EVERY MORNING.When you sleep late just one morning during the week，it may disturb your body clock.This will make it hard for you to sleep that night.
●DO SOMETHING RELAXING before going to bed.
●EXERCISE DURING THE DAY.Don't exercise right before going to bed.
●A VOID DRINKING ALCOHOL.Alcohol makes you excited.This prevents you from falling asleep or wakes you up during the night.
●DON'T SMOKE.Smoking is always bad for the body.Smoking before bedtime keeps you awake.
If trying these tips over a couple of weeks does not help you，speak to your doctor.Do not take any sleeping pills without first asking your doctor.Many of them have strong side effects.
1．According to the passage，if you have sleep problems for a few nights，you could be________．
A．lonely B．serious
C．forgetful D．happy
2．The passage suggests that people with sleep problems should________．
A．eat vegetables and exercise regularly
B．make up for lost sleep on weekends
C．follow a fixed timetable for sleep
D．sleep seven hours every day
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Sleep problems are serious among young people.
B．Sleeping late on weekends can make up for lost sleep.
C. Your eating habits will be broken due to lack of sleep.
D. You'll no longer have your sleep problem if you try the tips.
4．What's the main idea of this passage?
A．Many young people have sleep problems.
B．Don't smoke before sleeping.
C．How to keep healthy sleep habits.
D．Smoking can make you awake.
Ⅴ.翻译句子
1．你父母非常看重诚实的品质。(stress)
_________________________________________________________________ _______
2．我们经理被禁止驾车一年。(ban)
_________________________________________________________________ _______
3．这个男孩对吸烟已经完全上瘾了。(addicted)
_________________________________________________________________ _______
4．下次回来时，记着把你儿子带来。(time)
_________________________________________________________________ _______
5．她不习惯早起。(accustom)
_________________________________________________________________ _______
课时作业(五)
Ⅰ.1.stress 2.banned 3.quit 4.automatic
5．accustomed 6.strengthen7.abnormal
8．ashamed9.abuse10.effect
Ⅱ.1.B句意：上个世纪初期的孩子习惯了没有电视的生活。这里考查be accustomed to(doing)sth.“习惯于(做)某事”。disappointed“失望的”；puzzled“迷惑的”；harmful“有害的”，都不符合句意。
2．B考查状语从句的连接词。此处the first time用作连词，意为“一……就……”。
3．C句意：正如我在电话中所解释的那样，将在下次会议上考虑你的请求。此处as引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作explain的宾语。
4．D句意：与他妹妹相比，杰里对感情和血缘关系问题甚至更敏感、更易于受干扰。skeptical“不相信的”；addicted“上瘾的”；available“可用的，可得到的”；sensitive“敏感的”。故D项符合句意。
5．A句意：我认为，我们应该更注意产品的质量而不仅仅是成本。put stress on“强调……；把重点放在……上”，符合题意。
6．B考查句型的特殊时态。This is/was the＋序数词＋time＋that 从句用现在完成时或过去完成时。It is time that从句表示虚拟语气，用一般过去时或should ＋动词原形。
7．A be accustomed to习惯于，其中to为介词，后跟名词或动名词形式；on foot为固定短语，意为“步行”。
8．C考查短语辨析。in spite of尽管，不顾；lead to导致，致使；due to 由于，因为；as a result结果。句意：据报道，总统因为海上的风暴推迟了行程。
9．A句意：从他脸上失望的表情我们知道结果一定令人失望。disappointed“感到失望的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。故选A项。
10．C句意：据透露，一些政府官员滥用职权为自己谋取非法利益。misuse“误用”；abandon“抛弃”；abuse“滥用；妄用”；accustom“使习惯”。故C项符合句意。
11．B decide on为固定搭配，意为“决定”。句意：——使他烦恼很久的
那个复杂决定他已经定下来了吗？——还没有。
12．D考查词义辨析。risk冒险；ban禁止；attempt尝试；quit放弃。句意：我知道我在学校里永远都做不好，因此我就放弃了努力。
13．D affect影响，是及物动词，因此B、C两项可先排除；have a good effect on sth.对某事或某物有好的影响，因此正确答案为D项。句意：你所做的事对你的名声没有好的影响。
14．B ashamed表示“(人)感到惭愧或羞耻的”，只作表语；shameful表示“(行为)可耻的，丢脸的”。句意：你应该为你可耻的行为感到羞愧。
15．B考查词义辨析。weaken(使)削弱；strengthen(使)加强；quit停止；ban 禁止。句意：队长通过招进几名年轻的队员来增强他的篮球队的实力。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】在现代社会里，由于人类滥用自然，当他们耗尽某个地方的自然资源后，不得不到别的地方去寻找生活物质。人类与最初一样，又成了游牧民族！
1．B根据句中travel about可知，游牧民是不会在一个地方呆很长时间的。
2．C根据第二段内容可推断，人类定居是因为他们可以得到食物，而到处流浪是为了寻找食物。
3．A根据后句中discovery可知，这是一项发明。
4．D根据句中would always have food可知，这项发明很重要。
5．C根据前句中keeping animals可知，这里指饲养动物。
6．A一旦有了农作物和饲养的动物，人类就很容易得到食物了。readily“容易地”。
7．B根据句中like building cities可知，这里指需要花费很长时间才能完成的任务。
8．D根据句中All the children were listening可知，孩子们都被该故事深深地吸引了。
9．B根据下文Lucy独到的解释可以看出，她很聪明。
10．A根据her family were not nomads可知，Lucy家有固定住所，故用house。
11．C根据下文Lucy的解释可知，老师不明白她的问题的意思。
12．B根据第二段中Lucy说的话可知，这里指她继续自己的讲话。
13．D根据下文中the fishermen move on可知，这里指没有鱼了，如何才能继续捕鱼。
14．B根据句中there's no more forest left可推断，这里指没有鱼了。
15．A根据后句Really mankind had turned into nomads可知，老师同意Lucy 的观点。
16．B根据句中we kept abusing it可知，人类不是在保护土地，而是在滥用土地。
17．D保护土地的目的是确保它源源不断地给我们提供食物等必需品。
18．C根据句中kept abusing it可知，滥用土地导致土地再也长不出作物。bare“光秃秃的”。
19．A根据后句内容可知，孩子们在讨论他们能够做些什么。
20．D根据句中I am not a nomad！可知，他们在绿色的T恤上印了这样的信息。
Ⅳ.1.C细节推断题。根据“Lack of sleep can affect learning and memory.”可推断出如果缺乏睡眠可能会导致健忘。
2．C细节推断题。从“GO TO BED AT THE SAME TIME—including weekends，if possible.”和“WAME UP AROUND THE SAME TIME EVERY MORNING.”我们知道，有睡眠问题的人应该根据固定的睡眠时间表进行睡眠。
3．A正误判断题。概括第一段“One in every five young people has a sleep problem，so you're not alone.”可判断出年轻人存在着严重的睡眠问题。B项应改为否定；C项文中未提及；可由最后一段判断出D项叙述有误，这些建议并非一定奏效。
4．C主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了如何保持良好的睡眠习惯。A、B、D 选项所述都不全面。
Ⅴ.1.My parents lay/put/place great stress on honesty. 2.Our manager has been banned from driving for a year. 3.This boy is completely addicted to smoking.
4.Next time you get back，do remember to bring your son here.
5.She isn't accustomed to getting up early.
高中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji Unit 3 A healthy life 课时作业(五)Warming Up & Reading Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．More and more people cannot bear the ________(压力)of modern life. 2．After the accident，he was ________(禁止)from driving alone. 3．He ________(停止)smoking，and talked something to the person next to him. 4．This heating system has an ________(自动的)temperature control. 5．I am ________(使习惯于)to taking a walk after supper. 6．He has been brought in to ________(加强)the defence. 7．At one time，she is fine，but at another，she is ________(异常的)． 8．As for you，you ought to be ________(惭愧的)of yourself. 9．They think this is an ________(滥用)of power. 10．In the long run，working regularly has a good ________(效力)on our health. Ⅱ.单项填空 1．(2013·芜湖高二月考)Children at the beginning of last century were________to the life without television. A．disappointed B．accustomed C．puzzled D．harmful 2．(2013·烟台高二月考)I found her nice and honest________I saw her. A．for the first time B．the first time C．on the first time D．at first 3．________ I explained on the phone，your request will be considered at the next meeting. A．When B．After C．As D．Since
选修六Module 1 ⒈lack (1)Lack money/ experience/ time (2)Be lacking in (3)For lack of ①健康问题与不好的饮食习惯及缺乏锻炼有很大的关系。 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. ②大城市因为缺乏空间建起了越来越多的高层建筑。 More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. ③由于缺乏睡眠，许多学生无法集中精力于学习上( 一句多译). Many students can’t concentrate on their studies for lack of sleep. Many students lack sleep, which makes it difficult for them to concentrate on their studies. Lacking sleep makes it difficult for many students to concentrate on their studies. Many students are lacking in sleep so that they can’t concentrate on their studies. ⒉advance Adj. 预先的在前的 预付款advance payment 提前做点某事do a little advance planning v.前进发展进步推动，将···提前 →advanced 先进的，高级的， advanced technology /society /courses n. in advance 提前、事先= ahead of time. ⒊In addition 此外，另外=besides, what’s more in addition to 除···之外= apart from// besides There’s a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge In addition , you need to know how long you should stay. Except //except for I cant take my holidays at any time except in August.
选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
选修六 Unit 1 1.adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 2.adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要 3.n. 雕塑 4.n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 5.n. 美术陈列室；画廊 6.n. 信任；信心；信念 7.adv. 忠实地 8.adv. 所以；因而 9.n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 10.adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 11.adj. 典型的；有代表性的 12.adj. 明显的；明白的 13.n. 新生；复兴；复活 14.vt. 采用；采纳；收养 15.adj. 人道主义的 16.vt. 拥有；具有；支配 17.n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 18.adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 19.n. 透视画法；透视图；观点 20.n. 技术；方法；技能 21.n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 22.巧合地 23.n. 杰作；名著 24.n. 印象主义；印象派 25.adj. 印象派的 n.印象派艺术家 26.adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派艺术家 27.大量28.n. 阴影；影子 29.adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 30.adj. 争论的；争议的 31.n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图 32.（可是）另一方面 33.vt. 预言；预告；预测 34.n. 风景；景色 35.adj. 确切的；特定的 36.n. 画像；身材；数字 37.n. 黏土 38.n. 评论家；批评者 39.n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品 40.n. 大理石 41.vt. 雕刻；刻记 42.adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 43.n. 帆布；画布 44.n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 45.adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 46.adv. 有效地 47.n. 展览；陈列；展览会 48.adj.敢做敢为的;侵略的；好斗的 49.n. 学者 50.n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 51.活着的；本人 52.n. 几何学 53.n. 束；串 54.n. 林荫道；道路；大街 55.n. 喜爱；偏爱
Unit1 课内练习答案（P3Ex.1） P3Ex.3 1F2T3T4T5T6T P4Ex.1 1superb2aim3ridiculous4faith5evident 6conventional7gallery8abstract9technique10sculpture P4Ex.2 possess a great deal By coincidence adopt attempted On the other hand predict 详解： 翻译：《这些作品是凡高的真迹吗？》最受欢迎的艺术风格在西方国家就是印象派，许多人想拥有一幅印象派作品并且不惜花巨资去买一幅，巧合的事是，一些采用印象派画法的画家也可以画出不为人知的“杰作”，有一位画家，奥托?沃森，用凡高的风格作画并且迅速赚了很多钱，许多评论家都觉得它是凡高的真迹，一方面，一些评论家发现了，另一方面，一些评论家好奇是否有许多“杰作”被挂在画廊上，一位膜拜凡高作品的人说：“如果这种杰作的数量超过200，我也不会惊奇.”于是有人预言下一幅“杰作”在什么地方什么地点会被发现？ P5Ex.2 1W2F3W4F 5.If he had right to choose his holiday,he would go to Mexico. 6.If I were not allergic to shellfish,I would enjoy eating them. 7.If the marble statue were not big for her garden,the housewife would
8.If we knew more about the disease,we would be able to treat the patients very effectively. P5Ex.3 1were would make2were would be3were would be 4could would paint5were would help6could take 7knew would send8could9were would be 10would come could P7Ex.2
Review of Book 6 高二英语选修6 重要知识点复习 I.Let?s review the phrases of book6. 从方框里选择短语并用正确的形式填空，每个短语只能够用一次（其中有多余的选项） burn to the ground, put up with, on the whole, result in , so long as, come about, in the distance, build up, focus on , scores of, a great deal of, manage to , be made up o f, translate …into, take it easy,, in spite of, in sorrow, take possession of, due to, decide on , be addicted to, get into, in the flesh, run out of, stand for, feel like, be accustomed to, convince…of, pay attention to, in the darkness, take a risk 1 the restaurant?s success was___ its new manage. 2 Could you tell me how many departments this university ____? 3 The man often returns from work very late and gets through the woods ___ by himself. 4The king tried to______ his men ____ his power by leading the great army. 5At the discussion, the farmers? argument____ whether their farmlands should be covered by the factory. 6Once you ___ surfing on the Internet, you will find it rather hard to give it up. 7Though humans have discovered____ oil and coal, they mustn?t waste energy like that. 8You can not legally____ the property until three weeks after the contract is signed. 9In mathematics, the letter “X” usually ______ an unknown figure. 10Hearing the sad news that the famous actor died of cancer, all his fans were deeply ______. 11“_______, young man” , the doctor said to Bill. “Let me examine you carefully. 12______ so many difficulties , we?ll do whatever we can to finish the task. 13It was so dry and hot in the desert and the travelers ______ the water they had. 14Without any guide leading them in the forest, the explorers soon____ trouble. 15I?m very hungry now and I _____ eating some food or fruit as soon as possible. 16Those young people would like to _____ so that they could find out whether there is a huge snake in the cave. 17Last week, we saw the man_______ who was said to have died in an accident and we know the news was not true. 18After a long heated discussion, the manager finally_______ taking the measures to encourage their stuff. 19A large number of young people who________ the comfortable life in the city would rather not return to the countryside. 20The popularity of private cars will_____ more serious air pollution and more traffic accidents. 21However, ________, I think I have been fortunate. 22With the Internet bridging people all over the world, great changes have________. 23A balanced diet and enough exercise can certainly_________ your health. 24The pay you get is so low in the company while your work is so hard-----how can you _________it? 25One can achieve his goal sooner or later_______ he is able to face the future with confidence and work hard at it. II.Words spelling. 单词拼写A： 1.They had to c______ tomorrow?s football match because of the bad weather. 2.He studied the German market to find the _______( 可能性) there for investment. 3.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ________( 不幸地), neither of them could swim. 4.The car club couldn?t ________（保证）to meet the demands of all its members. 5.Miss Lin made a very _________(印象深刻的) speech at the meeting. 6.American culture is u______ because it was formed and developed under special conditions. 7.The lecture was so long and dull that most audiences got b______ with it. 8._______(发抖) with fear, I made my way to the edge of the crater. 单词拼写B 1.The word “ honesty” is an a______ （抽象）noun. 2.There are many art g_____ （画廊）in New York. 3.I?m afraid I?ve never been much of a s______ (学者) 4.They are to put on an ______ (展览) of French paintings next week. 5.The prisoners a______ (尝试) to escape, but failed. 单词拼写C： 1．Some___________ (青少年) have got into the habit of taking drugs. 2．She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and _______(最后)work the Times. 3．The doors opened _______（自动地）as we approached. 4．He played the piano for a bit of __________ （放松） 5．It?s ________（不合法的）to park your car here. 6．He put forward a plan for improving the rate of_______（生产）。 7．So I did wrong thing! Well, nobody?s_______（完美的）。 8．A woman is ________（怀孕的）for nine months before a child is born. 9．In fact,_______（压力）isn?t so bad a thing as it is often supposed to be. 10.The man made a________（陈述）to the police. 单词填空D 1．T he __________(平均数)of 3,6 and 9 is 6 2．G as and coal are __________(燃料)。 3．W e had very little d_________(资料)on that subject.
西方绘画艺术简史 艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。 中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。 文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪） 在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。 在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。 印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。 现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？
Unit 1 I词汇及结构 1. would rather do sth情愿做…. would rather sb did sth情愿sb做… 情愿做….而不愿意做…：would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth 2.faith n. 信任,信仰keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信 have faith in 相信, 信任 in good faith 老实地；诚恳地faithful adj. 忠诚的，可靠的 3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text． so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that…) so many/few +n (复数) (+ that…) so much/little (不可数) (+that…) such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数) 4.consequently adv. 所以，因此 Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。 consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的 consequence n. 结果
高中英语选修6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modern art". This is because the
选修六知识点 -----高二英语备课组 Unit 1 Art 1.achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标without one’s aim 漫无目标的 with the aim of 意在…，以…为目标aim at doing sth /aim to do sth 意欲，力求做某事 be aimed at (doing) sth.目的在于…，旨在… 2.be typical of……是特有的，是典型的… E.g. It’s typical of him to forget. 3.be possessed of sth. 具有（某种品质或特征）be possessed with/by 被…控制 take the possession of sth 占有某物，拿到某物 in possession of /in the possession of 归…所有（用法与in charge of & in the charge of相同） 4.a great deal 大量（a great deal of 修饰不可数名词） 5.make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试做…at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事attempt to do/ at doing sth 尝试做某事 6. on the one hand…on the other hand （般指两个相反或相对的方面）一方面…另一方面 for one thing ..for another thing…常陈述情况一致的两个方面，用于解释原因，表列举 7.be worth doing = be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 值得做… be well worth doing sth.（主动表被动）It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做… 8.have/lose faith in 对某人信任/失去对某人的信任 9.keep one’s figure 保持身材have a good figure 身材苗条figure out 算出，解决，理解 10. would rather do ..than…= would do …rather than… I would rather go on foot than take a bus.= I would go on foot rather than take a bus. 11. in preference to 优先于have a preference for 更喜欢… 12.appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣appeal for 恳求/呼吁… 13 win/earn reputation 赢得名声have a reputation for 以…而闻名. establish reputation 建立名誉 a good /bad reputation 好/坏名声 live up to one’s reputation 名不虚传…不负盛名… 14.动词不定式作后置定语： 1.用在序数词、形容词最高级后. E.g. He is the first to come here. 2.用在被序数词、形容词最高级、next、last、only等修饰的名词后. Eg. The best way to solve the problem is to make a plan. 15.more than + 数词表示“多于，超过”I have taught English more than 15 years. more than + 名词表示“不仅仅”The museum displays more than the visual delights of art. more than + 动词/形容词/副词表示“非常”I’m more than pleased to help you . more than + 句子表示“超过…的能力范围”The beauty is more than I can describe. 16. 句型what is known to us all is that…= it is known to us all that …= As is known to us all, … 17. 短语：It was evident that…很显然…It is predicted that …据预测…concentrate..on 集中，全神贯注于in perspective 用透视画法by coincidence 巧合地break away from 挣脱，脱离scores of 许多.in the flesh 活着的，亲自，本人 every two years= every second year = every other year 每2年be allergic to 对…过敏 be well worth a visit 很值得参观to be specific 具体地说be specific to 特有的；独特的attitude to/towards 对…的态度convince sb of sth /that…使某人相信… Unit 2 Poems 1．convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物convey sb/sth from A to B把…从A地运送到B地2.take one’s time 不急，慢慢来take sth seriously 认真对待某事 take sth for granted 认为…理所应当 3.run out of 用完了…表示主动意义，run out …用完了，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等We are running out of the money. = The money is running out. (钱快要用完了) 4.be made up of=be composed of =consist of由……组成