名词性从句---主语从句
1. What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.
2. Her wish is that she can lose weight soon.
3. I think that woman can reach every high achievements in many fields of science.
4. We were very excited at the news that our team had won.
引导名词性从句的关联词可分为三类：
一．从属连词：that（无任何词意）
whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）
as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分二．连接代词：what, who, whom, which，whose, whatever, whoever, whichever(作主宾表定) 三．连接副词：when, where, how, why(作状语)
I.主语从句
1.定义：在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。
2.位置：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
3.引导主语从句的关联词：
(1)从属连词that,whether,if (在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用)
That Jack won the match yesterday surprised us.
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. (此处不能用if)
(2)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever(充当主宾表定) What she did is not known.
Whoever comes is welcome.
(3)连接副词where,when,how,why(在从句中充当状语)
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
When the meeting will be held is decided by our manager.
4.有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正主语放在句子末尾。
How the book will sell depends on its author.
= It depends on its author how the book will sell.
That he is the best student in the class is obvious.
= It is obvious that he is the best student in the class.
用it作形式主语的几种常见结构：
(1) It is ＋名词＋从句
It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) It is ＋形容词＋从句
It is natural that… 很自然It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧…
It ap pears that… 似乎…
(4) It ＋过去分词＋从句
It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is said that… 据说…
注意：主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(例子见上面)
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：It is said that President Xi will visit our school next week.
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：It doesn’t matter w hether he is wrong or not.
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。
例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
5.语序：主语从句用陈述语序。(关联词位于句首不能省略)
How he became a great scientist is known to us all.
Who the watch belongs to is unknown.
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
6.主语从句中注意的事项：
1）主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数。
Whatever he says is of no importance.
Whoever says this is wrong.
但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定
What I need is money.
What I need are books.
2）what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别：
what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不作任何成分。What you said yesterday is right.
That she is still alive is a consolation.
3）it作形式主语和it用于强调句的比较：
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化；而it用于强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。
①主语从句常用it作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如：
It is still a question whether she will come or not.
It is strange that you should like him.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
②而强调句则不同，它的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句
强调主语：It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄
强调宾语：It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.
强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film.
判断是否是强调句有一个方法，就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看，看有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分，带到你认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。
It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
It is a mystery that his death remained.
4）whether与if
whether引导主语从句时,常置于句首(此时whether不能用if代替),也有后移的用法(此时whether可以用if代替)
Whether they will come is not yet known.
It is not yet known whether/if they will go there.
whether和if的区别还有：
1. 引导表语从句用whether
The question is whether you should accept it.
2. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语
I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not.
It depends on whether we have got enough money.
3. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.
4. 与or not连用时，只能用whether。
I don't know whether I should go there or not.
随堂练习：
1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who
B. The one
C. Anyone
D. Whoever
2. It was he said disappointed me.
A. what ; that
B. that; that
C. what; what
D. that; what
3. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
A. What
B. That
C. which
D. who
5. was to return to school.
A. That really interested him
B. What really interested him
C. Which really interested him
D. That interest him really
6._______ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.
A. That
B. Why
C. What
D. How
7. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning gray.
A. whether
B. that
C. what
D. when
8.What I say and think ___ none of your business.
A. is
B. are
C. has D have
9. Does _______ matter if he can't finish the job on time?
A. this
B. that
C. he
D. it
10. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
11. _______ what they told me really true?
A. Has
B. Is
C. Does
D. Have
12. It matters little _____ a man dies, but ____ matters much is ____ he lives.
A. how; what; how
B. how; it; how
C. why; it; why
D. that; what; that
13. ____ she couldn't understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why
B. That; what
C. What; because
D. Why; that
14. _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A. What
B. That
C. This
D. Which
15. -What made her parents so angry?
- _______ she had failed in the examination.
A. As
B. Because
C. Since
D. That
名词性从句---主语从句 1. What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. 2. Her wish is that she can lose weight soon. 3. I think that woman can reach every high achievements in many fields of science. 4. We were very excited at the news that our team had won. 引导名词性从句的关联词可分为三类： 一．从属连词：that（无任何词意） whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分二．连接代词：what, who, whom, which，whose, whatever, whoever, whichever(作主宾表定) 三．连接副词：when, where, how, why(作状语) I.主语从句 1.定义：在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 2.位置：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 3.引导主语从句的关联词： (1)从属连词that,whether,if (在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用) That Jack won the match yesterday surprised us. Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. (此处不能用if) (2)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever(充当主宾表定) What she did is not known. Whoever comes is welcome. (3)连接副词where,when,how,why(在从句中充当状语) How this happened is not clear to anyone. When the meeting will be held is decided by our manager. 4.有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正主语放在句子末尾。 How the book will sell depends on its author. = It depends on its author how the book will sell. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. = It is obvious that he is the best student in the class. 用it作形式主语的几种常见结构： (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… It ap pears that… 似乎… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句
高中英语语法主语从句 第一节主语从句 1．考点解析。 1．主语从句一般分为三类：由what等代词引导的主语从句；由连词that 引导主语从句，多数情况下由it作形式主语，that从句放到句子后面去；由连接代词或连接副词（或whether）引导的主语从句。 What they are after is beauty. It is not your fault that we can’t arrive on time. When they will arrive has not been decided. 2. 由关系代词what引导的主语从句，也可由whatever（“所…的一切”）或 whoever（“一切…的人”）引导。 Whatever he wants is your support. Whoever comes will be welcome. 3. 大多数主语从句都可用it代替，作形式主语，把主语从句放在句尾。要注意it代替主语从句和it引导的强调句的区别。强调句的结构是it is/was….+that…，强调人是可把that 换做who，whom，whose。如强调的是状语时，也只能用that,而不能用when, where, how, why等。 It was in Paris that they fell in love with each other. It is the lady who was my English teacher. It was last semester that he won the first prize. 2. 试题详解。 1．______ he needs is more experience. A. Who B. That C. What D. How 2.It was because of the heavy snow ______ the train was late. A. why B. that C. so D. thus 3．It doesn’t matter ______ he likes or not. A. whether B. what C. when D. that 4______ he has won the Noble Prize has been proved to be true. A. What B. How C. It D. That 5．What he wants _______ to sleep more. A. are B. have been C. is D. were 6．______ we can begin this investigation is still a question. A. When B. Why C. What D. That 7．It is ______ that the highway will be open to traffic nest year. A. report B. reported C. reporting D. by report 8．______ fails to see this will make a big mistake. A. Whatever B. what C. wherever D. Whoever 9．It is a mystery _____ the prisoner escaped. A. why B. how C. what D. that 10．It was last summer _____ he graduated from the college. A. that B. when C. / D. where 3. 实战演练。 1. We didn’t know ______ she didn’t come. A. why B. that C. when D. it 2. It is still doubtful _______ she would play the part.
名词性从句用法详解 一、概说名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。 二、名词性从句的一般引导词 1. 连接词 that 只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如： I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。（宾语从句可省） That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。（That引导主语从句不能省） 2. 连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成 if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。 He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句，不能用 if 代替 whether) 3.连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如： That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。 When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。 4.连接副词 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如： The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。 When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。 Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。 三、名词性从句的重要引导词 1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“…所…的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。 如： I don’t know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。 I don’t know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。 2. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句，其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如： Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。 I’ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。 注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子： 任何人来都欢迎。 误：Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome. 正：Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome. 另外，它们也可引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论…”、“不管…”，其意相当于no matter who [what, which]。如： Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况，你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)
语法要点剖析 一、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if 和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副 词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名 作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词+ that从句（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 2. 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去 上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
xx考研英语语法复习主语从句 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。具体形式为：引导词引导一个从句作主语;或者it作形式主语+谓语/系表结构+引导词+从句。 ⑴陈述句充当主语从句，连词为that(that没有实际含义，在从句中只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何语法成分)，从句为"that+陈述句"，that不能省略。 【例句】 That Chris Lee won the champion of Super Girl in xx arouse wide public concern. 李宇春赢得xx年超女冠军这件事引起了社会的广泛关注。 ⑵一般疑问句充当主语从句，连词为whether(whether"是否"的含义，在从句中只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何语法成分)，从句为"whether+陈述句语序"，whether不能省略。 【例句】 Whether this is true or not remains a mystery. 这是对是错还是个谜。 ⑶特殊疑问句充当主语从句，连词为特殊疑问词(特殊疑问词都有自己的含义，在从句中作一定的语法成分)，从句为"特殊疑问词+陈述句语序"，特殊疑问词不能省略。 【例句】 例1 --what
What caused the aident remains unknown. 是什么引起了这一事故仍然。 例2--where Where my wife and I should enjoy our honeymoon is still unsettled. 我太太和我应该去哪享受我们的蜜月还没有最后决定。 例3 --which Which university I should choose to continue my further education is a question of great importance. 我应该考哪个大学的研究生是个很重要的问题。 例4--when When and where the test will be given is not yet decided. 什么时候在什么地方进行考试还没定下来。 例5---ever Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do. 任何得到这份工作的人都将要有很多工作要做。 例6--how How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. 我们怎样才能保护粮食不受潮需要讨论讨论。 3.It句型
高考英语主语从句 定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。引导主语从句的连接词有： 从属连词: that, whether； 连接代词: who (whoever), whom, whose, what (whatever)和which (whichever)； 连接副词: when, where, how和why。 连接词： 1. 从属连词：that，whether 1）that引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略。2）whether意为“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。由whether引导的名词从句做主语，表语，介词宾语，同位语时！不可用if代替。 a.That price will go up is certain. b. Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 2. 连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序，既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。 Which side will win is not clear. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Whatever he did is right. Who killed the scientist remains a question. 1）What和that引导的主语从句的区别：that 只起引导作用，不充当任何成分，没有意思。What 不仅起引导作用，还要充当一定成分(主语、宾语或表语)，意思是：“什么”。 What we need is money. That he will come is certain. 2）whatever / whoever的用法（~ever=no matter ~---让步状语从句中） whatever / whoever可以引导主语从句,并在句中作主语、宾语、表语等,不含疑问意义。whatever相当于anything that; whoever 相当于anyone who。例如: Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam. Whatever(Anything that) she did was right. 3. 连接副词when，where，how，why等。既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。How this happened is not clear to anyone. When he will be back depends on the weather. When we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon. Where the test will be given is not yet decided. 4. 主语从句后置：为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it 作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: That we shall be late is certain. -- It’s certain that we shall be late. 1）用it 作形式主语的结构 A. It + be + 形容词+ that 从句 (obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) 如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. B. It + be + 名词词组+ that 从句(an honour, a fact, a pity, etc）如： It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是…… It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是… It is a fact that… …是事实It is common knowledge that… …是常识 It’s a pity that we can’t go. C. It + be + 过去分词+ that 从句(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, etc。）如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. D. It + 不及物动词或短语+ that 从句( seem，happen, doesn’t matter ,turn out）。如： It happened that I was out that day. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从
主语从句详解 一、概述 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句.根据它们在句中的语法作用, 这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句. 二、主语从句主要有四类 （1）由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省. 例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely. That you are so indifferent bothers me. That she survived the accident is a miracle. （2）用连词whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省. 注意：引导主语从句, 不能用if, 只能用whether. 例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matt er too much. （3）用连接代词引导的主语从句 在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中, 其连接代词在句中起名词性作用, 担当一定成分. 例如：What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this. Whatever we do is to serve the people. 注：whatever / whoever的功用 whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义.它引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等. whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who.要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别. Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句） （＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句） （＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ） （4）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语.) 例如:Where we should leave it is a problem. When they will come hasn’t been made pubic. 三、注意点: it构成的主语从句 （1）由连词that引导的主语从句, 在多数情况下放到句子的后面, 而用代词it作形式主语. 例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all. =It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.
主语从句 导入：观察并指出句子成分 A treehas fallenacrossthe road. Youarea student. To find your waycan bea problem. Smokingisbadfor you. 一．概念： 主语：主语是指句子谈论的主题，说明的人或事物。也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体，一般位于句首 主语从句：在句中充当主语的从句 二·基本结构 关系词简单句谓语动词宾语同位语 Thathe finished writing the composition in such a short timesurprisedusall. 他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶 三关系词(引导词) 1．从属连词：that whether that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。 That she left him cut him to the heart. That he will come is certain. 注意：有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免“头重脚轻”, 常用it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。E.g That she has made such a mistake is a pity. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + adj. +从句 It is necessary that… 有必要… It is important tha t …. 重要的是… It is obvious that…… 很明显…… 2) It +不及物动词+从句 It seems/appears that... 似乎…… It happened that... 碰巧…… It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起…… 3) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that... 据说……
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。今天我们就来重点讲一下其中的主语从句。 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。它的具体表现形式是：引导词引导一个从句作主语；或者it作形式主语+谓语/系表结构+引导词+从句。 【例1】that That Chris Lee won the champion of Super Girl in 2005 arouse wide public concern.李宇春赢得2005年超女冠军这件事引起了社会的广泛关注。 【例2】what What caused the accident remains unknown.是什么引起了这一事故仍然未知。 【例3】where Where my wife and I should choose to continue my further education is a question of great importance.我太太和我应该去哪享受我们的蜜月还没有最后决定。 【例4】which Which university I should choose to continue my further education is a question of great importance.我应该考哪个大学的研究生是个很重要的问题。 【例5】when When and where the test will be given is not yet decided.什么时候在什么地方进行考试还没定下来。 【例6】-ever Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do.任何得到这份工作的人都将要有很多工作要做。 【例7】how How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed.我们怎样才能保护粮食不受潮需要讨论。 【例8】whether Whether this is true or not remains a mystery.这是对是错还是个谜。 It句型 有的时候主语从句过长，根据人类短暂记忆规律，主语过长会影响理解和阅读，往往会用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句尾，加以强调，是为it句型。 【例】 It is a pity that we won’t be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.我们不能去南方度过我们的暑假很遗憾。 为表示强调，常以形式主语it引导从句。It+谓语+引导词+从句。由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式，形式主语代表真正的主语，因此要用it。因此形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语均为第三人称单数形式或过去式。 英国桂冠诗人约翰·梅斯菲尔德说：“快乐的日子使人睿智。”很多考生可能觉得这句话应该反过来说，但其实复习过一段时间以后，面对着越来越复杂的难题，你就会发现，保持快乐的心态，复习效率自然而然就会提高。
名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，它们在复合句中的功用相当于名词，因此称为名词性从句，在句中分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。 1．When he will come is still unknown. 2．I don’t know who has watered the fields. 3．The problem is that we need more money. 4．Have you heard the news that our team won the game? 1．主语从句：在复合句中作句子主语的从句。 引导词：连词that、whether;疑问代词who, what, which; 疑问副词when, where, how, why (1)连词that（无词意）, whether(是否), 在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用; whether能引导主语从句，而if不能。 That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me. Whether John will do this experiment remains a question. （2）疑问代词who, what, which, 在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced. What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. Which school will win the prize is not known. Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown. Whichever you take will be yours. Whoever wants this book may take it. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. (3)疑问副词when, where, how, why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因 状语 When they will start hasn’t been de cided yet. Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story. How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery. Why he often comes here is known to us all.
宾语从句用法详解 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 一、宾语从句用法 宾语从句的时态： 1．主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不现” 2．主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从句过” 3．主句用过去时，从句是科学真理、客观常识、名人格言时用一般现在时。 4．情态动词could/would用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。 宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句， if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone
主语从句：即在复杂句中充当主语成分的句子 例如"That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all"，他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶, 此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶，某事就是该复合句的主语，因此"That he finished writing the composition in such a short time" 便是该复合句的主语从句。 主语从句使用陈述语序，其通常结构为“引导词+ 主语+ 谓语+ 其他成分”；但当连接代词同时充当从句主语时，其结构为“连接代词+ 谓语+ 其他成分”。 时态：主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制 引导主语从句的连词主要有: 从属连词:that、whether （只起连接作用，不充当句子成分） 连接代词:who、whoever、whom、whose、what 、whatever 、which 、whichever （既有连接作用，又做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语） 连接副词:when、where 、how 、why whenever、wherever（既有连接作用，又做从句的状语） 例句： 1. that引导
例句：That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。 2. whether引导 例句：Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 3. 连接代词引导 例句：Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。 4. 连接副词引导 例句：How this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 5. what引导 例句：What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. 给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。 一、形式主语it 有时为了考虑句子平衡，避免句子头重脚轻,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。 常用句型如下： (1)It + be + 形容词+ that 从句
高二年级语法要点剖析（李翌洋） 一、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if 和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。 例如： （1）What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 注意：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词+ that从句 （2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 （4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
考研英语长难句：名词性从句-主语从句 名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（Nominal Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同谓语从句。 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只 起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚. Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知. 1. 由that 引导的主语从句可以直接放句首 That the seas are being overfished has been known for
years.（2006 text3） 海洋正在被人们过度捕捞，许多年以来这已是尽人皆知的事情了。 That such a conjunction of circumstances might occur again soon, especially considering shrinking US defense budgets and diminishing overseas base access,is problematical at best. 至于在近期内能否再次出现这种各个情况巧合的局面，即使最乐观的看法也是值得怀疑的，尤其是考虑到美国国防预算缩减和海外基地减少的情况。 2. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而主语从句置于句末.主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式.常用句型如下：【第1句】 （1） It + be + 名词 + that从句 （2） It + be + 形容词 + that从句 （3） It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 （4） It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。 It was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意图是让你当候选人。