当前位置:文档之家› (完整)高考英语复习讲解——介词及介词短语

(完整)高考英语复习讲解——介词及介词短语

(完整)高考英语复习讲解——介词及介词短语
(完整)高考英语复习讲解——介词及介词短语

高考英语一轮复习讲解:介词及介词短语

【知识要点】

介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。

1.介词可按其构成分为:

(1)简单介词,即一个介词,如about,at,in,of,since等。

(2)复合介词,由两个介词组成,如as for,as to,out of等。

(3)二重介词,由两个介词搭配而成,但没有复合介词那样固定,如from under,from behind,until after,except in等。

(4)短语介词,由短语构成,如according to,because of,in spite of,on behalf of,with reference to 等。

(5)分词介词,由现在分词构成,如regarding,concerning,including等。

2.介词还可按其词义分为下列常见的几种:

(1)表地点(包括动向),如about,

above,across,after,along,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,by,down,from,in,into,near,off,on,over,through,throughout,to,towards,under,up,upon,with,within,without等。

[注]有不少表地点的介词可表动向,除很明显的across,around,over,towards,near外,还有among,behind,beneath,between,on,to,under等。

(2)表时间,如about,after,around,as,at,before,behind,between,by,during,for,from,in,into,of,on,over,past,since,through,throughout,till(until),to,towards,within等。

(3)表除去,如besides,but,except等。

(4)表比较,如as,like,above,over等。

(5)表反对,如against,with等。

(6)表原因、目的,如for,with,from等。

(7)表结果,如to,with,without等。

(8)表手段、方式,如by,in,with等。

(9)表所属,如of,with等。

(10)表条件,如on,without,considering等。

(11)表让步,如despite,in spite of等。

(12)表关于,如about,concerning,regarding,with regard to,as for,as to等。

(13)表对于,如to,for,over,at,with等。

(14)表根据,如on,according to等。

(15)表其他,如for(赞成),without(没有)等。

(一)介词的句法功能

介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

1、作定语:The book on the table is mine.

2、作状语:We have breakfast at seven.(表时间);They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因);They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法)

3、作表语:My dictionary 中学is in the bag.

4、作宾语补足语:I found him in the office.

(二)主要介词区别

1、表示时间的at, in, on:at表示片刻的时间,如:at 8 o’clock,常用词组有:at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间,如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关,on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。

2、表示时间的since和from:since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用。from 表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.

3、表示时间的in和after:两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”,而after则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后)”,in短语和将来时态连用,after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如:We’ll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?

注意:after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。如:After two months he returned.

4、表示地理位置的in, on, to:in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外。如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.

5、表示“在……上”的on和in:on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.

6、表示“穿过……”的through和across:through表示从内部通过,与in 有关;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。如:Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.

7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner:in the corner 表示在角落里,in指角的内面;on the corner 表示“在角上”,on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the corner指“在拐角处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如:The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.

8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of:in the end作“最后”、“终于”解,可单独使用,后不接介词of;at the end of 表示“在……末梢”,“到……尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of 作“在……结束时”,“到……末为止”解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。如:In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.

9、表示“关于”的about 和on:两者都有“关于”的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者为较正式的“论述”。如:He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.

10、between, among:一般说来,between表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如:You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.

注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两相互间接关系,适用于between。如:Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如:The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时,总是用between。如:They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.

11、besides, except, but, except for:besides指“除了……还有,再加上”。如:All went out besides me.;except指“除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首。如:All went out except me.;but 与except意思近似,表示“除了……外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如:I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.;except for表示“如无……就,只是”表明理由细节。如:His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。

12、表示“用”的in和with:表示工具的“用”,用with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”,用in。如:He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.

13、in charge of和in the charge of:两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于:in charge of 后接被照管的人或物,而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如:Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。

14、as, like:as作“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解。如:Let me speak to you as a father.(事实是父亲);like作“象……一样”解。如:Let me speak to you like a father.(事实上不是父亲)。

15、in front of 和in the front of:in front of = before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物内);in the

front of则是“在……前部”的意思(在某物内)。如:There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。

16、in, into:into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。如:We walked into the park.;in通常表示位置。如:We walked in the park;in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向。如:I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。

复习时需注意的要点

1、介词一般放在名词之前,但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时,这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。

2、介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配,也就是说,在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如:

a.动词+介词:laugh at, wait for

b.形容词、过去分词+介词:be good at, be proud of

c名词+介词:pay a visit to , the key to

3、表示选择关系的连词,连接的双方只取其一。常用连词有or, either...or, otherwise

例如:

a) You can go to Beijing either today or tomorrow.

b) You must get up early or you won’t catch the early bus.

4、表示转折关系,连接的双方构成对比,意义上有转折。常用连词有but, however, while, only

例如:

a) His brother is fond of football while he likes basketball.

b) You can watch TV, but you must finish your homework first.

5、表示联合关系,联合的双方是对等的,意义上趋向一致。常用连词有:and, both...and, neither...nor, not only...but also, as well as

To study English well, we need both diligence and careful.

That horse is not only the youngest among the five, but also runs the fastest.

6、表示因果关系,连接的双方,互为因果,或者前因后果,或者前果后因。常用的连词有:for, so

例如:

It must have rained, for the ground is wet.

【考点诠释】

考点1 常见介词的活用

by,with,against,over,on,in,at,besides,for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词,应重点掌握:1.over可表位置,意为“在……上方,越过;遮住,盖住”,也可表时间,意为“在……期间,(多年)以来”等,它还有“在……(问题)上,对(某事)”等引申意义。如:

①Y0u can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it’II look terrible.你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。

②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。

③We heard it over the radio.我们从广播中听到了它。

2.by的主要意思有“在……旁,靠近;乘(车、船等);不迟于;到……为止;被,由;根据,按照(关系);通过……方式”等,还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有:by and by不久,迟早by and large大体上

by oneself单独by the way顺便说说

by far……得多,最…… by chance碰巧

by accident偶然地by means of借助

by no means绝不,一点也不by mistake错误地

①The water in the river rose by two meters.河水上涨了两米。

②He is an Englishman by birth.他在血统上是英国人。

3.with可以用来表示“带有,拥有;随着;就……来说;用,以;和,与;对于,关于”等意思。with 还可用来表示原因。如:

①He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。

②The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题,就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。

4.beyond这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多,但它却是一个考查热点。beyond表示“(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于;(位置)在……那边,超出……之外;(范围)超过,为……所

不及,超出……的范围”等意思。如:

①They arrived beyond nine o’clock.他们过了9:00才到。

②The book is beyond me.这本书我看不懂。

③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths.汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。

典例:(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ______ a big tree.

A. in

B. below

C. beside

D. against

考点2 介词的固定搭配-

高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。

1.名词词组:on the contrary相反;in turn依次;in one’s opinion根据某人的看法;off time准时;out of reach够不着

2.动词词组:remind sb of sth提醒某人某事;rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……;restdt from由……引起;call at访问(某地)

3.形容词词组:be curious about对……好奇;be proud of因……而自豪;be popular with受到……的欢迎

4.介词短语:apart from除……Pb;in addition to除……之外(还);because of因为;instead of代替;in fear of为……提心吊胆;for fear of以免;in case of防备;thanks to由于;in the middle of在……中间;according to根据;in front of在……前面;in return for作为对……的回报;in charge of负责;as a result of 作为……的结果;in exchange for与……交换等

典例:(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.

A of

B as

C by

D with

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的,而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按姓名.

考点3核心介词用法归纳与辨析

1.表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,如:in the 1990s,in January,in(the)winter

in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如:in the night,during the night,in the war,during the war。但略有区别:当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during,接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如:during the discussion/in discussing the problem during her stay in Hubei/in playing basketball/during the course of/in digging the tunnel

2.在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。

3.表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。

有些时间名词前有one,each,any,every,some,all,next,last,that修饰时,不接介词。如:

that day,next Sunday some day,one day

4.till、until、to的用法。

(1)till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如:

He waited for me till twelve o’clock.

He didn’t get up till (until) 10 a.m.(不可用to)

但注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如:

Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.

(2)to表“终结”时常和from连用,但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如:

from July to September,from six to (till) eight(从……到……为止),但from morning till night(从早到晚),不能用to。

5.表示方式、手段、工具的介词

(1)by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天,但to the pound按磅算,to the ton按吨计。

(2)表泛指的方式、手段:by post,by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材),by electricity,by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescope

(3)交通工具类。另外:by means of 用……方法,by way of 经由,取道于,用……方法;with the help(permission)of sb./with sb.’s help(permission)“在……帮助下”。

(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。

He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具、机器)

One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官,但by hand“手工,用手”)

He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)

注意:使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如:

in high(good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise, in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)

6.表示“除……之外”的几组常用介词比较。

(1)besides “除……以外,(还有)”。作副词时意思是“而且,更何况”。如:

It was too late to see a film,and besides,I was tired.

(2)exce pt“除去,除……之外(不再有)”。如:

We all went except John.

在否定句中,两词可以换用,如:

He has no other hats except/besides this one.

(3)except for“除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)”后接名词、代词或what从句,此时与except that+句子意思相同。如:

He was very clever except for carelessness.

(4)except that...“除了……一点以外”。如:

He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.

(5)but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用,但应注意以下三点:前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时,多用but。All but one are here.Nobody but I likes making model ships.后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用but。He has nothing to do but wait.(前有do,后省to);but与一些固定结构连用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事,can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……,but for...如不是……

7.介词的省略:

介词for表示时间的省略要求。

(1)以all开头的名词短语,for要省略。如:

I stayed with her all the morning.

(2)否定句中,表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如:

I haven’t seen you for thirty yea rs.

(3)时间状语在主句之前,for不能省略。如:

For the whole morning,the old man kept reading.

8.某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。

(1)要求接to的名词有:key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road等。

(2)要求接in 的名词有:interest,satisfaction,expert等。

He is expert in teaching small children.

介词的用法很繁杂,要在平时注意积累。

【高考链接】

2010高考英语试题

1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,30)In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled______ the local market.

A. longer than

B. more than

C. as much as

D. as far as

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查介词词组。根据动词travel可判断此处应填关于路程的介词词组,本题即为as far as。as far as远到...

2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,25)Sean has formed the habit of jogging______ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.

A. between

B. along

C. below

D. with

3.(2010高考英语重庆卷,22)The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money ______ me.

A. by

B. for

C. in

D. with

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。I don’t have enough money with me 意思是我没有随身带那么多钱。

4.(2010高考英语北京卷,29)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ______ everyone's enjoyment.

A. in

B. at

C. for

D. to

【答案】C

【解析】考察介词。句意为:“不要摘花园里的花好吗?它们是供大家欣赏的。”此处表示目的,“为了”的意思,故用介词for。

5.(2010高考英语浙江卷,7)I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ______. A.by nature B.in return C.in case D.by chance

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查介词短语。分析四个选项的意思:by nature 天生地;in return作为回报,作为交换;in case 万一,以防;by chance偶然地。根据句意:我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事,但是以防万一,我再问你一次。

6.(2010高考英语天津卷,13)My father warned me ______ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.

A. by

B. on

C. for

D. against

7.(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ______ a big tree.

A. in

B. below

C. beside

D. against

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。句意为:“累了,吉姆背倚着树,很快就睡着了。” against此处意为:“倚着,靠着”;below“在……的下方”;beside“在……的旁边”;in“在……的里面或时间……之后”。

8.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,25)Were planning to send out a thousand invitations ______ Expovolunteers.

A.over B.in C.on D.to

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。语意:我们打算送1 000张邀请函给世博会志愿者。send sth to sb意为送某物给某人,据此选D项。

9.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,31)I agree to his suggestion _______ the condition that he drops all charges.

A.by

B.in

C. on

D. to

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。语意为:我同意接受他的提议,条件是他撤销全部的诉讼。on condition that与连词if同义,表示“在……条件下”,后接条件状语从句。根据语意选C项。

10.(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.

A of

B as

C by

D with

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的,而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按姓名.

11.(2010高考英语江西卷,29)We give dogs time, space and love we c an spare, and ______, dogs give us their all.

A in all

B in fact

C in short

D in return

12.(2010高考英语湖北卷,30)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.

A. in preference to

B. in place of

C. in agreement with

D. in exchange for

【答案】D.

【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。句意为:公务员向别人索要礼物或金钱以换取对他们的好处的做法是非法的。D项in exchange for“交换,调换”在此与题意切合。A项in preference to表示“优先于”;B项in place of“代替,取代”;C项in agreement with“与…一致,与…相符”。

13.(2010高考英语福建卷,27)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ______ space.

A. in search of

B. in place of

C. for lack of

D. for fear of

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语。句意为:“因为缺少空间,越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。”A项意为“寻找……”;B项意为“代替,替代”;C项意为“缺乏,短缺”;D项意为“担心,害怕”。据句意可知,C项符合。

2009高考英语试题

1.(09福建)23. -How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!

-It’s a challenge, I guess, man against nature.

A. of

B. for

C. by

D. about

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词。应答句中的I guess是插入语,因此所填介词与challenge连用,表所属,用of,选A。

2.(09湖北卷)29. You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______ a question.

A. in search of

B. in the form of

C. in need of

D. in the direction of

3.(09湖北卷)30. His efforts to raise money for his program were ______ because, no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.

A. in place

B. in sight

C. in effect

D. in vain

【答案】D.

【解析】考查介词短语。根据下文no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets可知为集资做出的努力都白费了,应选择in vain。in place“和平地”,in si ght“在视程内”,in effect“实际上”。

4.(09全国卷1)34. Everybody was touched _____ words after they heard her moving story.

A. beyond

B. without

C. of

D. in

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词。beyond words表示“在言语之外”,即不能用言语来表达,也就是“无法形容”了。句意是“听到她的感人故事之后,他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。

5.(09山东卷) 33. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach.

A. near

B. upon

C. within

D. around

【答案】C

【解析】句意:厨房中把常用的物品放在够得着的地方能节省时间。本题考查介词搭配:within easy reach在容易达到…的地方;在…的附近。

【考点定位】对复杂句式进行语法分析有助于做出正确选择。

6.(09四川卷)6. A great person is always putting others’ interests _________ his own.

A. below

B. above

C. in

D. on

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词的用法,put other’s interests above one’s own意思是把别人的利益放在自己的利益至上。

7.(09重庆卷)21. Try on this red skirt; you will look great it..

A. on

B. by

C. in

D. for

【答案】C。

【解析】考查介词的用法。Sth. Be on sb. “衣服穿在某人身上”;sb be in sth”某人穿着什么衣服”。由此可知答案为:C。

8.(09陕西卷)8. He invited me to a dance after the show Christmas Eve.

A. at

B. on

C. in

D. by

一天,所以选择B。

【考点定位】考查介词在时间前的应用。

介词短语及固定搭配

介词短语及固定搭配 1. 表示时间的介词: at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。 on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午,下午,晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用on in:用于表示周,月,季节,年,泛指上午,下午,晚上 before:在...之前 after:在...之后 by:在....前(时间)截止(到)... until(till):直到.....为止 for:达...之久(表示过了多少时间) % during:在....期间 through:一直..(从开始到结束) from:从...起(时间) since:自从...以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续) in:过...后(未来时间) within:不超过...的范围 2. 表示场所,方向的介词: at :在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所) in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所) on:在...上面,有接触面 $ above:在...上方 over:在...正上方,是under的反义词 under:在..下面,在...之内 below :在...下方(不一定是正下方) near:近的,不远的 by:在...的旁边,比near的距离要近 between:在两者之间 among:在三者或者更多的之中 around:环绕,在...的周围,在....的四周 in front of:在...的前面 … behind:在...后边 in:在..之内,用于表示静止的位置 into:进入 out of :和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向 along:沿着 across:横过(平面物体) through:贯通,通过 to :达到..地点(目的地)或方向 for:表示目的,为了..... from:从...地点起 …

(完整版)高考英语常用介词短语和固定搭配

高考英语常用介词短语和固定搭配 一.相近介词和介词短语 1. With the help of 在~~帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在~~领导/关心下2. be strict with sb. 对~人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对~事要求严格 3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上 5. lie in 位于~~之内 lie on 同~~接壤 lie to 位于~~之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫,一点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以~~名义 8. in the air 空中,在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路,障碍,用~~方法 in a way 在某点上,在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步,屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way to 在去~~的路上 Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处(外角) in the corner 在角落里(内角) on the corner 在角落上(外角上) 11. judge by / from 根据~~来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在~~结束时 at the beginning of 在~~开始时 at the back of 在~~背后,支持 at the age of ~~岁时 at the foot of 在~~脚下 at the bottom of 在~~底部 at the top of 在~~顶上 at/on the edge of 在~~边上

初中英语常用介词短语搭配讲课讲稿

初中英语常用词组复习 一、动词词组(包括短语动词)、介词词组和其他词组 (一) 由be构成的词组 2)be at home/work在家/上班 3)be good at善于,擅长于 4)be careful of当心,注意,仔细 7)be surprised (at)对??感到惊讶10)be on在进行,在上演,(灯)亮着 11) be able to do sth.能够做?? 12) be afraid of (to do sth. that?)恐怕?? 13) be angry with sb.生(某人)的气 14)be pleased (with)对??感到高兴(满意) 15)be famous for/ as 以??而著名/作为····而出名 16)be strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格要求 20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做?? 21)be covered with被??所覆盖 ?? 22)be in (great) need of (很)需要 23)be in trouble处于困境中 24) be glad to do sth.很高兴做?? 25)be late for ??迟到 26)be made of (from)由??制成 27)be satisfied with对??感到满意 30)be busy doing (with)忙于做??(忙于??) (二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、 look、put、set、send、take、turn、play等动词构成的词组 1. come 1)come back回来 2)come down下来 3)come in进入,进来 4)come on快,走吧,跟我来 5)come out出来 6)come out of从??出来7)come up上来 8)come from来自?? 2. do 9)do one's lessons/homework做功课/回家作业 11)do one's best尽力 12)do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning)买东西(做饭菜,读点书,大扫除) 16)do well in在??某方面干得好 3. get 17)get up起身 20)get on (well) with get alone with与 ??相处(融洽) 24)get on/off上/下车 25)get to到达 4. give 27)give sb. a call给??打电话 30)give back归还,送回 31)give??some advice on给??一些忠告 33)give in屈服 34)give up放弃 5. go 38)go to the cinema看电影 39)go to bed睡觉(make the bed整理床铺) 40)go to school (college)上学(上大学) 42)go over过一遍,复习/ go over to朝 ??走去 47)go out for a walk外出散步 48)go on (doing)继续(做??) 49)go on with one's work继续某人的工作6. have 55)have a try试一试 56)have a good/wonderful time玩得很高兴60)have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早饭/午 饭/晚饭 64)have (have got) a headache头痛 65)have a fever发烧 66)have a cough (a cold)咳嗽(感冒) 67)have a look (at)看一看?? 68)have a rest (a break)休息一会儿(工间或 课间休息) 71)have sports进行体育锻炼 仅供学习与参考

常用介词短语总结

常用介词短语总结 一、近义介词短语辨析 1. 表示原因(通常在句中作状语) 1) because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系) 2) on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素 3) out of + 抽象名词:常用来引述心理、情感因素,如out of one’s own will(出于自愿) 4) owing / due to:着重把原因归于某事物,既可作状语又可作定语,due to还可以作后置定语,如:Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence. 由于粗心犯的错误也许会引起严重的后果。 5) thanks to:后面通常接表示积极意义的原因,意为"多亏,幸亏由于"。例句: He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好,所以走得很慢。Michel and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders. 迈克尔与贝利由于有丰富的登山经验,被选为队长。

She did it out of sympathy. 她这样做是出于同情。 Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors. 大部分问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。 Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多亏了你的精力和智慧,这项发展计划终于实现了。 2. 表示排除 1) with the exception of意义与except, except for相同,但比它们正式 2) apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示"除……之外",相当于except (for), 又可以表示"除……之外,(还,也)"相当于besides。例句: They all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom. 除汤姆外他们物理考试都及格了。 We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre. 我们一路上很顺利,只是车胎漏了一次气。 Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes. 我们不但车胎漏了气,而且刹车也出了毛病。

高中英语高考常见短语(包括动词和介词短语)

■ 常见短语全接触 ●以动词为中心的24组短语 1.break短语 break away(from)脱离,逃离,挣脱(束缚) break down (机器)损坏,不能运转;(关系等)终止;失败break in 闯入,强行进入(in为副词,后不接宾语) break into 闯入,强行进入 break off 折断,中断 break out (战争、火灾等)突然爆发 break through 冲破,突破 break up 碎裂,分裂;(关系)破裂;分解 2.bring短语 bring about 导致,引起,促使 bring back 带回,使回忆,使恢复 bring down 使下降,打垮,击落 bring forward 提出;提前 bring in 把……带进来;引进;挣得(收入) bring on 导致,引起,使发展 bring out 显示,使显现,出版 bring up 养育,抚养;呕吐

bring...back to life 使……复活 bring...to life 使……复活,赐予……生命bring...to light 使……显露出来 3.call短语 call at 访问(后接some place) call for 要求,呼吁,需要 call in 召集,收集;下令收回 call off 取消,下令停止 call on/upon 拜访,访问(后接sb);号召 call sb’s names 谩骂某人 call up 号召;打电话给……;使想起 4.carry短语 carry off 赢得;不费劲地处理 carry on 继续下去;继续开展 carry on with sth/doing sth 继续(做)某事,坚持(做)某事 carry out 贯彻,执行,实施 carry through 坚持到底,进行到底;履行(承诺) https://www.doczj.com/doc/0418800670.html,e短语 come about 发生,产生 come across 偶然遇见,偶尔发现

英语介词短语的固定搭配 一

介词短语的固定搭配一,介词+名词(宾语) at at first 起初,开始at home 在家,无拘束at last 最后at present 现在 at school 在上课,在上学at work 上班,工作 at the moment 此刻at the same time 同时 on on duty 值日on foot 步行 on holiday 度假on sale 出售,降价出售 on time 准时on TV 在电视上播放 on the left 在左边on the phone 在电话中 on the radio 在广播中on the way 在路上 in in all 总体in bed 躺在床上in class 在课堂上in danger 在危险中 in English 用英语in fact 事实上 in short 总之in time 及时的 in a hurry 匆忙地in a minute 立刻,马上 in the end 最后 二,动词+介词 Arrive at /in 到达ask for 请求 get off 下车get up 起床 get in /on 上车go on 继续 help sb.with sth. laugh at 嘲笑 look after 照顾look at 看,注视 think of 想到wait for 等候。等 think over 仔细考虑 worry about 担心thank for 为….而感谢三,形容词+ 介词 be afraid of 害怕be proud of 感到自豪 be careful with 小心;关心be crazy about 酷爱 be interested in 对….感兴趣be late for 干某事迟到 be good at 善于be good for 对…有利四其他 by +交通工具by bus /train /plane /bike ….. lots of /a lot of 许多,大量at once 立即,马上 at most 至多at least 至少 in order to 为了in the front of

高考英语介词专题复习.doc

高考英语介词专题复习 一﹑考点聚焦 1、介词的分类与语法功能 (1)介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。 介词分为:简单介词,如at、in、for等;合成介词,如within、inside、onto、throughout 等;短语介词,如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词,如from behind / above / under、until after等。 分词介词,如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。 常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、疑问词加不定式等。 (2)介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。 2、介词搭配 (1)“动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。(2)常见“形容词+ 介词”搭配。 (3)“名词+ 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。 3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析 (1)表示时间的介词in的用法如下。 表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。 (2)在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。 (3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。 注意:有些时间名词前不接介词。如: next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day one day、yesterday / afternoon, the night before (4)till、until、to的用法。 ①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。 但注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。 ②to表“终结”时常用和from连用,但要注意不与from连用时的意义。 (5)in、after、later ①in + 一段时间:表示说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示“在……之内”时,用于各种时态。 ②一段时间+ later(later是副词):表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。 ③after + 一段时间表示:“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after + 点时间,用于各种时态。 另外,in + 一段时间+ ’s + time 与within + 一段时间的用法如下: in a week’s time = in a week They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用) My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.(作表语) I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态,不超出,在……之内) (6)地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。 (7)表示方式、手段、工具的介词

2020高考英语语法填空:常考动词介词短语练习100道

常考动词&介词短语练习 1.Please tell me how the accident came ______. I am still in the dark. 2.The students were told to polish ___ their English before going abroad. 3.---What's wrong with Jane? ---A letter from home set ____ an attack of homesickness. 4. Your article will have to be cut ____ to fit into the magazine. 5.Our teachers promised to attend our class meeting, but they haven't turned ____ yet. 6. The novel is so badly written that I can hardly figure ___ what the writer is trying to say. 7.---I heard Back Street Boys will sing at the New Theatre. ---Where did you pick that _____ ? 8. They've _____ us $150,000 for the house. Shall we take it? 9. Please make sure the light will go _____ if no one is in the room. 10. The simple joy of reading is something we take for granted. But many people have had to give _____ this pleasure because of poor eyesight. 11. It is a pity that the quarrel broke _____ their friendship. 12. Isn’t it time you got down ____ _____the papers? (mark) 13 After recovering from his illness, he was advised to take _____ gardening as hobby. 14. You may _____ tired of studying English, but in the long run, you'll be glad that you did. 15. Chemicals in the body break _____ our food into useful substance. 16. ---Let's go to the lecture on International Trade this evening. ---That' s great. I'll call _____ you at 6: 30. 17. I tried to work on, but I was so tired that I could no longer hold _____ . 18. ---What a large and bright room ! Is it a classroom? ---No, It is meant _____ the students' reading-room. 19. Once the poison is brought _____ , there is no further danger. 20. It was only when her sorrow broke _____ that Tom looked at her. 21. The lower room was in darkness, but by _____ his way he found the bag. 22. We may have dreams because we have needs that are _____ in our daily lives.(meet) 23. Miss Kate smiled _____them all, appeared to say something, and went quietly out. 24. ---Excuse me, what time can I see you tonight? ---Can we _____ it eight o' clock?

高考英语常用介词短语和固定搭配

高考英语常用介词短语和固定搭配一.相近介词和介词短语 1. With the help of 在~~帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在~~领导/关心下2. be strict with sb. 对~人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对~事要求严格 3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上 5. lie in 位于~~之内 lie on 同~~接壤 lie to 位于~~之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫,一点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以~~名义 8. in the air 空中,在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路,障碍,用~~方法 in a way 在某点上,在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步,屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下

on one’s way to 在去~~的路上 Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处(外角) in the corner 在角落里(内角) on the corner 在角落上(外角上) 11. judge by / from 根据~~来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在~~结束时 at the beginning of 在~~开始时 at the back of 在~~背后,支持 at the age of ~~岁时 at the foot of 在~~脚下 at the bottom of 在~~底部 at the top of 在~~顶上 at/on the edge of 在~~边上 13. in the course of 在~~过程中 in the eyes of 从~~观点看来,在~~眼里 in the face of 面对~~,尽管,纵使 in the middle of 在~~中间 in the end =at last=finally 最后 14. on the eve of 在~~前夕 on the side of 在~~一边 15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后for a time = for some time 一时,有一段时间

介词短语及固定搭配.doc

介词短语及固定搭配 1.表示时间的介词: at :用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。 on: 用于星期,某天,某一天的上午,下午,晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用on in: 用于表示周,月,季节,年,泛指上午,下午,晚上 before : 在 ...之前 after : 在 ...之后 by: 在 ....前(时间)截止(到)... until(till):直到.....为止 for :达 ...之久(表示过了多少时间) during :在 ....期间 through :一直 .. (从开始到结束) from :从 ...起(时间) since:自从...以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续) in :过 ...后(未来时间) within:不超过...的范围 2.表示场所,方向的介词: at : 在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所) in : 在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所) on: 在 ...上面,有接触面 above:在 ...上方 over :在 ...正上方,是under 的反义词 under :在 .. 下面,在 ...之内 below : 在 ...下方(不一定是正下方) near :近的,不远的 by: 在 ...的旁边,比near 的距离要近

between :在两者之间 among:在三者或者更多的之中 around :环绕,在 ...的周围,在....的四周 in front of: 在 ...的前面 behind :在 ...后边 in :在 .. 之内,用于表示静止的位置 into :进入 out of :和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向 along :沿着 across :横过(平面物体) through :贯通,通过 to : 达到 .. 地点(目的地)或方向 for :表示目的,为了..... from :从 ...地点起 3.其他介词 with :和 .. 在一起;具有,带有;用某种工具或方法 in :表示用什么材料(例如:墨水,铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着. 声调特点时,不用with 而用 in 。 by: 通过 ...方法,手段 of: ( 属于) ...的,表示...的数量或种类 from :来自(某地,某人),以 ...起始 without:没有,是with的反义词 like : 像...一样 as : 作为;担任;当... ...时 against :反对,靠着 about :关于,各处,四周;询问某人,某物的情况或提出建议 4.介词和各类词搭配构成的介词短语

【英语】历年全国高考英语介词试题汇总及答案

【英语】历年全国高考英语介词试题汇总及答案 一、单项选择介词 1.On Wednesday, the World Health Organization announced that the number of people killed by Ebola has now risen to over five thousand, with more than fourteen thousand ______. A.having infected B.to infect C.infected D.infecting 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:考查with的复合结构。With+宾语+宾补,宾语补足语可以是不定式(表将来),过去分词(表被动或完成),现在分词(表主动或进行)。主句时态为一般过去时,动作已完成。句意:世界卫生组织宣布因埃博拉病毒致死的人数截止上周三达到了五千多人,并有超过一万四千人感染病毒。故选C。 考点:考查with的复合结构 2.Bless your heart, I know you didn’t break the vase ________. Don’t cry! A.on purpose B.by accident C.on business D.by mistake 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语。句意:好了好了,我知道你不是故意打破花瓶的。别哭了!A.故意地;B.偶然;C.出差;D.错误地。根据Don’t cry!可知,打破花瓶不是故意的。故选A。 3.A great man shows his greatness _____ the way he treats little man. A.under B.with C.on D.by 【答案】D 【解析】 考查介词的用法。“借助某种方法和手段”常用“by ”; 而"with" 强调使用工具,常与 with this method 搭配。 4.(浙江卷)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us. A.on B.in C.at D.about 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】

(完整)高考英语复习讲解——介词及介词短语

高考英语一轮复习讲解:介词及介词短语 【知识要点】 介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。 1.介词可按其构成分为: (1)简单介词,即一个介词,如about,at,in,of,since等。 (2)复合介词,由两个介词组成,如as for,as to,out of等。 (3)二重介词,由两个介词搭配而成,但没有复合介词那样固定,如from under,from behind,until after,except in等。 (4)短语介词,由短语构成,如according to,because of,in spite of,on behalf of,with reference to 等。 (5)分词介词,由现在分词构成,如regarding,concerning,including等。 2.介词还可按其词义分为下列常见的几种: (1)表地点(包括动向),如about, above,across,after,along,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,by,down,from,in,into,near,off,on,over,through,throughout,to,towards,under,up,upon,with,within,without等。 [注]有不少表地点的介词可表动向,除很明显的across,around,over,towards,near外,还有among,behind,beneath,between,on,to,under等。 (2)表时间,如about,after,around,as,at,before,behind,between,by,during,for,from,in,into,of,on,over,past,since,through,throughout,till(until),to,towards,within等。 (3)表除去,如besides,but,except等。 (4)表比较,如as,like,above,over等。 (5)表反对,如against,with等。 (6)表原因、目的,如for,with,from等。 (7)表结果,如to,with,without等。 (8)表手段、方式,如by,in,with等。 (9)表所属,如of,with等。 (10)表条件,如on,without,considering等。 (11)表让步,如despite,in spite of等。 (12)表关于,如about,concerning,regarding,with regard to,as for,as to等。

介词短语在句中的用法和判别

介词短语在句中的用法和判别 一、介词和介词短语的形式 介词的形式可以是单个的词,如 at, in, by, of 等;也可以由几个词组成,如 out of(出自;在…外),instead of(代替;而不是),because of(由于),in spite of(尽管),by means of(借助于)等;还可以由某些动词的分词形式转化成介词,如 considering(考虑到),including(包括),regarding(关于)等。 介词不能独立担任句子成分,而必须与名词、代词、数词、动名词构成介词短语,有时还可以把副词、介词短语、复合结构和从句作为介词的宾语(参阅第138节宾语例 10~14 等)。兹举例如下: 1.They are friends of the Chinese people. 他们是中国人民的朋友。(介词+名 词) 2.Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的每个东西都是物质。(介词+代 词) 3.Everything divides into two. 事物都是一分为二的。(介词+数词) 4.They work at the instruments factory near here. 他们在这里附近的仪表厂工 作。(介词+副词。本结构详见第140、一。) 5.After reading the book, I got to know something about internet phones. 把这本书 读完之后,我开始对因特网有所了解。(介词+动名词短语) 6.It is understood that this machine is out of action. 不用说,这台机器坏了。 (复合介词+名词) 7.The effects vary from (being) negligible, if below the concentration range, to deadly if above. 如果低于该浓度围,效果是微不足道的;如果高于该围,则 效果是致命的。(介词+动名词短语。注意from和 to 之间插入条件从句, 并且有省略成份。) 8.With water transformed into steam, the locomotive gains a motive force. (等于 As water is transformed into steam,…)随着水变成蒸汽,机车获得了动力。 (介词+复合结构) 9.She is well-qualified in typing and very efficient at her work. 她打字完全合格并 且工作十分有效。(介词+动名词或名词) 10.John is slow at understanding, but you have to be patient with him. 约翰理解 慢,但你得耐心对待他。(同上) 11.a. She is angry with her child. 她跟她的孩子生气。(介词+名词) b. She is angry about her child staying out so late. 她对她的小孩在外逗留那么 晚感到生气。(about 接一个复合结构。) c. They were angry at being asked such a question. 他们对被提问这样一个问题 而感到生气。(at 接一个被动态的动名词短语。)

介词短语搭配

常见的英语介词短语搭配 英语短语在字典中一般是黑体字,英语搭配同短语相比不是那么固定,比较活,使用的频率比较高,下面是笔者总结了常见英语介词短语搭配,为了便于比较和记忆,也包括了一些固定的介词短语。 1 WITH (1)v+with (a) v+with begin, mix, agree, deal, fight, meet, play, quarrel, do, fool, reason, correspond, comply, settle, (b) v + sth (sb) + with + sth (sb) compare, provide, supply, feed, replace, combine, equip, furnish, (2)adj+with angry, strict, pleased, busy, covered, satisfied, filled, wrong, wild, crowded, connected, popular, covered, patient, annoyed, acquainted, delighted, confronted, content, friendly, identical, frank, concerned, bored, afflicted, associated, blended, burdened, comparable, consistent, disappointed, displeased, endowed, enraged, exhausted, familiar, gifted, impatient, infested, intimate, irritated, level, moved, occupied, overcome, popular, satisfied, vexed (3) n+with acquaintance, alliance, trouble, talk, chat, connection, consultation, conversation, sympathy, 2 AT (1)v+at aim, point, snatch, wonder, strike, work, look, glance, laugh, run, catch, shoot, stare, glare, thrust, smile, call, fire, tear, knock, winder, arrive, come, gasp, (2)adj+at amused, delighted, angry, good, surprised, astonished, pleased, terrified, clever, alarmed, astonished, clumsy, disgusted, impatient, quick, startled, surprised, (3)n+at knock, pull, look, glance, smile, game, astonishment, surprise, alarm, 3 IN (1)v+in get, lie, turn, draw, believe, share, take, drop, give, call, hand, succeed, bring, result, trade, involve, check, count, cut, indulge, pour, participate, intervene, fill,join, confide, trust, believe, persist, consist, (b) V+sb(sth)+in help, spend (2)adj+in rich, interested, active, disappointed, engaged, busy, weak, expert, successful, absorbed, skilled, concerned, experienced, confident, employed,accurate, clothed, diligent, negligent, proficient, prompt, versed, (3)n+in interest, progress, satisfaction, faith, belief, confidence, response, pride, perseverance, harm,

高考英语专题-介词和介词短语-巩固提升练习(含解析)

备战高考英语专题-介词和介词短语-巩固提升练习(含解析) 一、单选题 1.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ______nature. A.in view of B.in need of C.in touch with D.in harmony with 2.On May 5, 2018, various memorial events were held nationwide ________ the 200th Anniversary of Karl Marx's birth. A.in charge of B.in place of C.in honor of D.in explanation of 3.You will be amazed to discover that what confused you at first makes sense _____further readings. A.to B.of C.upon D.before 4.Scientists are convinced _____ the positive effect of laughter _____ physical and mental health. A.of; at B.by; in C.of; on D.on; at 5.______Christmas coming near, they began to be busy shopping for the holiday. A.As B.Before C.Because of D.With 6.Doctors battled the night to save her life. A.within B.out of C.throughout D.inside 7.—How about this type of car,sir?—It's not economical,and what's more,it's________. A.out of shape B.free of charge C.out of order D.on the way out 8.After the dinner, I looked at the bill and found that it was 200 yuan , including the wine. A.after all B.in all C.at all D.above all 9.After a heated discussion at the meeting,a new plan came________being,which would have a great effect________the culture life of people. A.into;for B.to;to C.from;at D.into;on 10.the economic crisis getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people's life. A.As B.With C.When D.If 11.piracy,it is necessary that effective measures should be taken right away to stop it. A.Due to B.As to C.Thanks to D.Next to 12.Before real estate control policies were introduced, people hoped that their income would be increased ________ the rise in housing prices. A.in touch with B.in anticipation of C.in line with D.in combination of 13.Do you really want to rent such a flat which is empty ________ some old pieces of furniture? A.besides B.except for C.for D.except

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档