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高考英语总复习-首字母填空 讲义

高考英语总复习-首字母填空 讲义
高考英语总复习-首字母填空 讲义

高考英语总复习-首字母填空攻略

首字母填空,学名“ 限制性完形填空” ,艺名“ 高分拦路虎” ,是比我们传统的选择性完形填空更加高大上的存在,也是历来考试的失分点,可谓是引无数小英雄竞折腰。该题型的考查范围极广,不仅包括对词汇和语法的掌握,还考查我们的阅读分析能力、逻辑推理能力,以及情景语感,可谓是即锻炼智商又锻炼情商的好题型啊……

作为在江湖中威名远播的BOSS 级题型,想要从这一题里拿到高分并不是太容易,相反失分率倒是挺高。据多方消息来报,首填已成为学生们共同的敌人。兵法有云知己知彼,要想拿下这个敌人,我们就先要对它有足够的了解。

那么就从大家最关心的方面为什么会失分作为导引,来一探首填题型的全貌吧!

首字母填空题失分的主要原因:

一. 词汇量出了问题

二. 词义理解出了问题

三. 词性判断出了问题

四. 词形变化出了问题

五. 没有仔细检查

下面我们就结合中考英语真题来逐一分析上述问题:

一. 词汇量

词汇功在平时,它所依靠的不是突击,而是日常的持续积累。词汇量是内功,非一朝一夕可成,但朝朝夕夕必成。

二. 词义理解

词义判断是要建立在对文章意思的理解基础之上,在语境之下做出正确的判断。应对的方法是:文章通读,首句细读,生词暂不纠结,把握文章大意。它的关键在于五字真言“ 上下文照应”。

词义判断的类型有:

①语言知识型:考查结合语境,单词的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配、特定

意义,句型、句式等。

例:2009中考

The touchstone was a small pebble(卵石) that could t__74__ any common metal into pure gold.

2011年中考

Art museum exhibits, on the other hand, would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that

there is something b__77__their understanding.

2011年中考

The choices open to design museums seem f__80__less strict than those to art museums.

② 判断推理型:考查学生对语篇的整体把握,包括上下文逻辑关系、英美文化

背景知识、常识类等。

例:2008年中考

Some experts think that today's cars are in trouble b _87_ they use too much petrol( 汽

油).

2012年中考

Basic(基本的)community s__80__, such as police, fire, post office, health, and public schools,

remain steady(稳定的) forces in the community, although some people may retire(退休) or

move on.

三. 词性判断

英语词汇分为10 种词性:名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。首字母填空常考几类词性:名词、动词、形容词、副词、连词等。

② ② 名词:表示人和物,实词。句中主要作主语和宾语; ;

2011 年中考

Each of these museums has tried to satisfy( 满足)the public’s growing interest in the field with new i__79__. 2012 年中考

It is the neighborhood where your f _______make connections with other people, and the place you feel like you belong to.

② ② 动词:表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化。句中作谓语和非谓语动词形式;

2009年中考

The writing e__75__ that it was lying among thousands of other pebbles that looked exactly like it.

② ② 形容词:主要修饰名词,表示事物的形状、性质、颜色、状态等;

2013 年南京中考

Since then, s __78_____ kindness activities have been organized in schools all over the world.

② ② 副词:说明时间、地点、程度、方式等,修饰动词、形容词、整个句子;

2013 年中考

We often understand ourselves b _74__when we discuss our opinions, emotions, and activities

with other people.

② ② 连词:用来连接词与词,词组与词组,句子与句子的虚词,主要表示逻辑关系。

2009 年中考

U__81__we are careful, it’s easy to fail to recognized an opportunity when it is in hand.

四. 词形判断

词形要根据词性进行判断。首填中的变化一般都在形容词、副词的比较级,动词的主谓一致、时态、语态,以及名词的数上。

1. 碰到形容词、副词,要注意比较级和最高级;

2010 年中考

These companies can offer their products for a l__79__ price than you might find in a store.

2. 碰到动词,要注意主谓一致、时态与语态;

2008 年中考

The car of tomorrow will be m ____88___without a motor or air conditioning.

3. 碰到名词,要注意名词的数。

2010年中考

Spammers find e-mail a__76__ from websites, news groups and “chat rooms”, where

People send message to each other.

五. 阅读复查

1. 所填写的单词是否符合文义:全文通顺、符合逻辑、前后呼应;

2. 所填写的单词是否符合语法:单词形式变化、句型句式结构、单词书写错误。

首填的解题步骤:

一.全文通读:把握大意

二.逐段填空:先易后难

三.全文复查:消除疏漏

这里有一个十分值得注意的地方:无论什么版本的解题步骤,虽然在细节上会有差异,但共同点是都不会缺了首尾两项:通读与复查。首字母填空之所以被称为“限制性填空”,因为它不是只言片语,而是存在与文章整体中。

解题要看上下文关联,从文章的逻辑关系、语法规则、惯用搭配等多方面进行推敲分析。若要问首字母填空的秘籍,不外乎五字“联系上下文”,这是贯穿于整个解题过程的技巧,也是首字母填空的奥秘所在。具体在解题过程中如何运用,

一.通读步骤

这一步是为了知道这篇文章讲什么,了解大意后才能做题。首填选篇第一句一般不设空,并且一般会给出主题。所以一定要细读首句。此外,这一步骤不要花太多时间,跳过空格与生词,要快速阅读。对文意的琢磨和理解,直接关系到我们能否正确把握词义。这里要注意:

② 重视情感线索

体会作者的语气与用词的感情色彩,是理解文章的一个重要方面,无论是做完

型还是阅读,都是用的到的方法。比如下题中的疑难空:

Some of these are h__78__companies that offer good products for fair prices.

② 注重逻辑关系

逻辑关系是全文的脉络,也是理解文章最重要和最容易成为障碍的地方。阅读

时养成随手圈划逻辑关系词的习惯,是提高理解文章能力的很好方

法。同样以上一题为例:

Some of these are h__78__ companies that offer good products for fair prices. These

companies can offer their products for a lower price than you might find in a

store. However, much of the spam(垃圾邮件)on the Internet is sent by criminals trying

to sell products that do not exist(存在)……They are only interested in stealing your

money.

-

二.填空步骤:这里有可细分两个小步骤—— 选填与精填

1. 选填。先易后难,先填入比较有把握的。

这样做有一个好处:为接下来的猜词补全信息,牵线搭桥。并不是第二遍

填不出所有空这个题就做不好了,难点空是每篇都有的,中考篇目比较难填的

一般再3- 4 个,这些暂时无法填出的空留在下一步。

2. 精填。推理猜词,不留空格。

这时候比较明显的答案都已经解决了,剩下的一些就需要推理和猜词了。具体可以参照下列步骤

② 联系上下文之就近原则

有不少提示答案的关键信息,就出现在前后句甚至同句中,所以一定要关注近身。

例如:

To Lucy, books are l__82__ her good friends. At the library, Lucy has lots of friends

around her. She loves reading as well.

② 联系上下文之复现原则

何为复现?复现是完型文章中词汇的一种衔接手段,即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现,也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。复现的解题意义在于:如果判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系,那么与那些词汇意义相同的就是正确答案。

例如:

Lucy is a school librarian(图书管理员) in No.2 Middle School. She loves the l__76__.

三、马上就要成功,但此时也是最不能毛躁的时候,因为到嘴的分就不能让它跑

掉!!查漏补缺,是最重要一步。这时候也要有针对的检查:

②名词检查单复数

②动词检查时态、语态、主谓一致

②形容词、副词检查比较级和最高级

②连词检查逻辑

②代词检查人称、数、格

②介词检查固定搭配和习惯用法

习题练习

At the beginning of a school term, you will always find something new about your friends. Some have n _76_ clothes, some have different hairstyles. But what about coming back to school and finding a friend with a new f_77_ ? Some schoolchildren had plastic surgery (整形手术) during the summer holidays to m_78_ themselves look better.

Jenny, a 14-year-old junior schoolgirl in Qingdao, got double eyelids(双眼皮)and was happy with h _79_ new look. “My mum said a b_80_ look could help me interview for a senior school and jobs in the future.”saidthe girl.

Jenny is o_81_ of many teenager girls who have plastic surgery to become prettier. Some of them even c_82_ photos of pop stars and tell doctors they want similar(相似的)faces.80% of teenagers wish to have double eyelids o_83_ a more western nose.

Doctors say teenagers need to think carefully b_84_ having plastic surgery. Teenagers are too young for plastic surgery. And their bodies are s_85_ growing. There are risks(冒险) and possible bad results not good for their future.

人教版九年级Unit11-Unit12首字母(带答案)

Unit 11 学生作答版 1.I don`t like loud music. It always d_______ me crazy. 2.Look at your face! Your face looks p_______. What`s the matter with you ? 3.The king lived in a beautiful p_______. 4.I would r_______ stay at home on such a hot day. 5.What you did d_______ me crazy. 6.Don`t l_______ out any necessary information during the test. 7.The m_______ we read, the better we understand. 8.The king was afraid of losing his p_______ . 9.Health and happiness is more important than w_______. 10.The loud music makes me feel u_______. I don`t like it. 11.The sky is g_______ . I guess it will rain. 12.The _______(王后)invited me to have dinner with her ? 13.He went to the bank to meet the b_______. 14.I think you need to lose w_______. You’re getting too fat. 15.My parents often _______(courage) me not to give up my dream. 16.She _______(nod) to me when she passed by me in the street. 17.We reached an _______ (agree) on this problem in the end. 18.They felt very _______(disappoint) because they lost the match again. 19.In the football match he scored three g_______. 20.The box is so heavy that I had to put it on my right s_______. https://www.doczj.com/doc/0411246865.html,ng Ping and Chen Zhonghe are both famous volleyball c_______ in China. 22.The boy k_______ the ball into the river. He asked his father to get the ball for him. 23.Don’t p_______ the door. You need to push it . 24.They are good friends and they hope their _______(友谊)will last forever. 25.Nobody wants to chat with him. So he felt _______ _______(被忽视). 26.Mikes works hard because he doesn`t want to d_______ his parents. 27.The next day, Peter went to soccer practice with c_______ rather than fear in his heart. 28.To his r_______, his teammates didn`t scold (责骂)him for his fault. 29.Don`t worry about that. It`s not your f_______ . 30.Don`t be late for work again, or your boss will k_______ you off. 31.He never dreams of becoming famous, because he is not interested in _______(名誉). 32.If you want to be f_______ with someone, you need to be truthful first. 33.The doctor e_______ the patient carefully and then gave him some advice. 34.Tom doesn`t like l_______ and grapes. He thinks they are too sour. 35.L_______ (最近), I have had a lot of awful dreams at night. 36.On the same team, we are supposed to pull together with our t_______. 37.B_______ (另外), you should be hard on yourself rather than on others. Unit 11 教师讲解版 1.I don`t like loud music. It always d_______me crazy.(drives)

(完整版)高中英语语法填空专题训练和答案

语法填空专项训练 1 Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.【答案】countries 【解析】考查名词。country是可数名词,此处由other修饰用复数形式,指其他的国家。故填countries. 67. 【答案】more 【解析】考查比较级。根据句中的than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思,要用比较级表示更多的人,故填more. 68. 【答案】Luckily 【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式,指“幸运的是”,故填Luckily. 69. 【答案】has changed 【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用,主语是单数,故填has changed. 70. 【答案】spoken 【解析】考查过去分词。English和动词speak是被动关系,此处是过去分词作定语,故填spoken.

英语试卷分类汇编首字母填空(含答案)

小学英语试卷分类汇编首字母填空(含答案) 一、小学英语首字母填空 1. 小学英语首字母填空——专题讲解 如何突破英语首字母填空 首字母填空是小升初考试中常考的题型之一,也是近几年各省、市中考题经常采用的题型之一,这种题难度相对较大,考生失分现象严重。下面就讲一讲做这类题的方法与技巧。首字母填空属于能力测试的范畴,它能全面考查学生的英语水平。这类测试要求学生不仅要具备一定的词汇量、句型和语法等方面的知识,还要求学生有一定的阅读能力,能灵活运用所掌握的语言知识去分析语篇。常用的答题技巧如下: 1.通读全文,掌握大意 每篇短文必然是有逻辑性的,短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文是必要的,目的是对文章有个全面的了解,弄清其中心思想和大意。反之,只在一点、一处做文章的话,会导致断章取义。但我们要注意通读全文只要能了解短文的大意即可,细节不理解可以跳过,切忌逐字逐句的反复细读。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头(一般不设空)和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。 2. 认真分析,巧填单词 我们在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文,目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。要想填出每个空的单词,我们要注意以下方面: (1)依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词: 【如】…W______ his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much. 从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”, with his help. (2)依据语法知识进行填词: 【如】…It was a l______ earlier. 从句中的earlier可以看出它是比较级,我们应该会想到修饰形容词比较级有哪些词,前面有a,那肯定就是little. (3)依据常识的积累进行填词: 【如】…But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S_______ .”Mr. White迟到了,他的朋友很生气,他什么都没说,只说了一个字“S______ .”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉,所以肯定填sorry.(4)依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词: 【如】One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friend's house happily. He wanted to p_____ his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. 根据句意,Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家,然后一起去看电影,我们可以进行逻辑推理,他肯定是去接他的朋友,所以填pick. ★上面所说的四个方面,我们在填词时一定要注意上、下文的关系,这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外,要学会跳读,即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式,待真正理

小学英语首字母填空专题练习及答案

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