必修三
Unit1 festivals around the world
1.take place 发生（指按计划发生，相当于不及物动词，没有被动语态）；
happen发生（指偶然地没有预见地发生，也是不及物动词，没有被动语态，）
take the place of 代替
e.g. The 2012 Summer Olympics will take place in London.
A funny thing happened in our class last Monday.
I will take the place of him to finish the work.
2. in memory of…纪念；追念（介词短语）
e.g. I send you this card in memory of our happy summer together.
3. lead…to…把……带向（引领到）…; lead to…导致
e.g. I will lead the blind man back home.
Regular reviewing leads to better grades.
4. in the shape of…以/在……的形状
e.g. I dare eat the food in the shape of skulls.
5. belief 信任；信心；信仰。其复数为beliefs.
6. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰。dress up as…打扮成……
e.g. We dressed up for the school party on Christmas Day.
They tried to dress him up as a “national hero”.
dress up, put on, wear, have on 的区别
1）dress意思是给自己或别人穿衣服。可单独用作不及物动词；作及物动词接宾语时要接表示人的名词、代词或反身代词。dressed可作表语，be dressed (in)表示“穿着”的状态。2）put on 表示“穿上、戴上”，是终止性短语，表动作，其宾语是衣服、鞋、帽、手套、袜子、眼镜等。
3）wear是“穿着、戴着”，除了接普通衣服外，还可指佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花以及留发型、胡须等，含义最广。
4）have on表示静态“穿着、戴着”，多用于口语，是比较普通的用语，不用于进行时。
7. play a trick on…搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑。还常用作play tricks on…
e.g. He intends to play a trick on that girl.
Don’s play tricks on me- I want to know the truth.
8. award n. 奖，奖品（可数）vt.授予；判定
e.g. He won the first awards of many English contests.
The school awarded Mary a prize for her good work.学校因为玛丽的出色表现而奖励了她。medal, prize, reward和award用法辨析：
medal指“奖章，勋章，纪念章”，如金牌、银牌等。
prize指“奖品，奖金；战利品；捕获物”，如在竞争或比赛中赢得的，或作为对胜利或优胜的嘉奖的东西
reward指“回报，报酬，报应”，为相应的行为作酬劳或为邪恶的举止作报应而授予或收到的东西。
award指“奖品”，因优点奖励或授予的东西。
e.g. How many gold medals has he won?
My brother won the first prize in the contest.
A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.
The novel earned him a literary award.
9. look forward to…期待；期望；盼望。（其中，to是介词，后跟名词或动词的ing形式）
e.g. I am looking forward to my father’s letter.
I am looking forward to flying in the sky like a bird.
10. clothing n.“衣服”的总称，是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。“一
件衣服”用a piece of clothing或an article of clothing.
clothes的含义是“服装”，只有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
cloth指布布料、衣料时，是不可数名词；指某种特定用途的布时（如桌布），是可数名词。
e.g. The clothes are mine.
Lots of cloth has been sold today.
I want to buy two cloths.我想买两块桌布。
11. as though=as if“好像”，在look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句。
注：as if/though 引导方式状语从句时，如果说话人认为句子所叙述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，as if/though从句用虚拟语气；反之不用。
It looks as though it is going to rain.
She looks as if she were ten years younger.
12. have fun with…玩得开心
e.g. He had fun with his friends.
13. turn up出现；到场
e.g. He finally turned up, but he was several hours late.
14. keep one’s word 守信用；履行诺言
break on e’s word 失信；不守诺言
e.g. Mr. Wang is a man who always keeps his word, he never breaks his word.
15. hold one’s breath屏息；屏气
e.g. The race was so close that everyone was holding his breath at the finish.
16. apologize to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉
apologize for (doing) sth. 因（干）某事而道歉
e.g. Bill was apologizing to me for having eaten up all my grapes.
17. be married to…跟……结婚=marry to…
e.g. Mary was married to Henry last year.
18. set off出发；动身。set off for…动身去某处
e.g. The athletes have set off for Guangzhou.
19. remind sb. of sth.使某人想起/回忆起……；提醒某人某事
e.g. Please remind your father of the meeting.
The pictures remind me of the 2008 Olympic Games.
Unit 2 Healthy eating
1. health n.健康（身体好坏不知）；healthy adj.健康的（身体好的）。所以“健康问题”用health problem。
2. Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.其中feeling very frustrated是现在分词短语作伴随状态。
e.g. She stood there crying.她站在那儿哭泣。
3. ought to情态动词，可表示“义务”、“要求”或“劝告”，常译作“应该、应当”等（和should差不多，只是语气稍重一些）；有时表示“非常可能”的意思，否定式为ought not to (oughtn’t to)，疑问式为ought I/you to…?
e.g. There’s something I ought to tell you before you leave.
He oughtn’t to do that.
Ought he to see the doctor? Yes, he ought to.
4.在门旁用at the door.
e.g. He saw a sign at the door.
5. be tired of…厌倦；厌烦（精神上）；be tired with…（干什么事）很累；疲于……（身体上）
e.g. I am tired of that work.我厌烦那份工作。（精神上）
I am tired with that work.干那份工作我很累。（身体上）
6. lose weight减肥；put on weight增肥；增加体重
e.g. Do you want to lose weight or put on weight?
7. keep/be fit保持健康
e.g. I will help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks.
8. 在菜单上用on.
e.g. She gave me a menu and there were a lot of choices of food and drink on it.
9. “用醋泡的…”用in vinegar.
e.g. The restaurant served some delicious vegetables in vinegar.
10. be amazed at/by…对……大为惊奇
e.g. I am amazed at/by what he had done.
11. have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事（表示动作完成过程）；have sb. doing sth.让（容忍、允许）某人一直做某事（doing sth.是宾补）
e.g. I will have Li Ming do that thing.我将要李明做那事（动作完成过程）。
I can’t have him doing that thing.我不能让他一直做那事。
12. get away with…被放过；（做坏事）不受惩罚
e.g. I can’t have him getting away with telling people lies.
我不能让他一直对人们说谎而不受惩罚。
13. lie n.谎话；谎言；vi.说谎（lied; lied）
tell a lie说谎tell lies说谎（复数）
14. too much太多…；much too太…
e.g. There was too much rain in that country.那个国家曾下太多的雨。
He is much too excited.他太兴奋了。
15. with a discount打折
e.g. Maybe with a discount he could win his customers back.
16. win… back赢回；重新获得
e.g. The party must try to win back the support it has lost.该党须设法重获人心。
17. earn on e’s living=make one’s living谋生
e.g. He earns his living as a driver. 他靠做司机维持生计。
18. after all毕竟；终究；别忘了
e.g. Don’t blame her, after all she is still a little girl.
19. in debt欠债；in sb.’s debt/be in debt to sb. 欠某人的债；be out of debt不欠债
e.g. I am heavily in debt at the moment, but hope to be out of debt when I get paid.
现在我欠债很多，但希望在发了工资后能付清。
20. glare at…怒视
e.g. He glared at the naughty children.他怒视着那些淘气的孩子。
21. spy on…监视
e.g. I have a feeling that someone is spying on me.我感到有人在暗中监视我。
22. only to do结构作结果状语，常常表示一种出乎意料的结果，且多为不愉快的结果，译作“不料，竟然，结果”。
e.g. She hurried to the station only to be told that the train had gone.
她匆忙赶到车站，结果被告知，火车已经开走了。
23. benefit n.利益、好处（不可数）；善行、恩惠、益处（可数）；vi. & vt.受益；有益于；有
助于；benefit from…从……中受益
e.g. She won great benefit from the books.她从书中受益匪浅。
We often benefit from our discussion.我们常常从讨论中收益。
We should remember the benefits we received from our teachers and parents.
我们应该记住我们所受父母及师长的恩惠。
24. according to…根据……
e.g. According to the test, he did well in the test.
25. or; either…or; neither…nor…; not only…but also…连接两部分作主语时，后面谓语动词遵循就近原则。
e.g. Neither your book nor mine is very good.
26. combine… with…=combine… and…把……与……结合/联合起来
e.g. We should pay attention to combining listening with/and speaking in learning spoken
English. 在学英语口语时，我们应该注意把听说结合起来。
27. rather than而不是；不愿
e.g. I would like to eat boiled potatoes rather than fried ones.
28. cut down削减；删节
e.g. Prices of medicines have been cut down recently.药品最近降价了。
29. before long不久以后；很快long before很久以前
e.g. I hope to see you before long.
He had taken a doctor’s degree long before.他很久以前就获得了博士学位。
30. get/be married结婚（状态）
e.g. Finally they got married.
31. ever after从那以后；从此
e.g. Finally they got married and lived happily ever after.
Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note
1. base on…基于……
e.g. This play is based on a short story by an American writer.
2. bring up抚养；培养；教育；提出
e.g. The writer was brought up in the beautiful city.
3. be known for…因……而著名/出名；be known as…作为……而著名/出名。
e.g. He is known for his novels.他因他的小说而著名。
He is known as a writer.他作为作家而著名。
4. set v.为……设置背景（常用于被动语态）
e.g. The game is set on Earth.那个游戏以地球为背景。
The story is set in the forest.那个故事以那个森林为背景。
5. make a bet打赌；make a bet with…与……打赌
e.g. He made a bet with his wife.
6. permit sb. to do sth.允许某做某事
e.g. Permit me to lead the way.
7. go ahead前进；（用于祈使句）可以；往下说
e.g. Can I borrow your pen? Go ahead.
8. by accident偶然；无意中；不小心
e.g. I hit him on the shoulder by accident.
9. stare at…凝视；盯着看
e.g. The hungry man stare at the food on the table.
10. spot v.发现；认出n.斑点；污点；地点on the spot现场地
e.g. I spotted him in the crowd.
She will do some research on the spot.
11. account n.报道；叙述；帐目account for…导致；做出解释
e.g. I opened an account at the bank downstairs.
His laziness accounts for his failure in the test.
12. smile at…冲……微笑
e.g. The brothers smiled at each other.
13. to be honest老实说；老实讲
e.g. To be honest, I am not so good at playing football.
14. on the contrary与此相反；正相反
e.g. You think you are clever; on the contrary, I assure that you are very foolish.
你自以为很聪明, 相反地, 我确信你很傻。
15. care about…担心；担忧(=worry about)；在意；在乎；关心
care for…关心；照顾（=look after）;喜欢（=like）
e.g. He really cares about you.他真得很在意你。
I will care for your baby when you are out.当你出去时我会照看你的孩子。
She cares for beautiful clothes very much.她很喜欢美丽的衣服。
16. show… out带领某人出去
e.g. Let me show you out.
17. 在桌子旁边用at
e.g. He sits down at a table.
18. reserve v.预订或保留(座位、住处等); 订购n.保护区
e.g. These seats are reserved for teachers. 这些座位是留给老师的。
This area was once a wildlife reserve. 该地区曾是一个野生动物保护区。
19. take one’s order（餐馆中）给……点菜; place an order下订单
e.g. Take the gentleman’s order.
If you want to buy the goods, you need to place an order first.
20．a large amount of…大量；一大笔（修饰不可数n.）
e.g. The business earned a large amount of money last year.
21. take a chance 冒一次险
e.g. Sometimes we need take a chance.
22. in a good manner/in good manners有礼貌；in a rude manner/in bad manners粗鲁；没有礼貌
e.g. We should behave in good manners.
23. 以多大数额用in… amount
e.g. The bank issued two notes in one-million-pound amount.
24. in rags 衣衫褴褛
e.g. He is almost in rags.
25. as for至于；关于as to至于, 关于；按着，根据
e.g. As for the bill, please forget it.
I have no doubts as to your ability. 关于你的能力我毫不怀疑。
We sorted the eggs as to size and color. 我们按着大小和颜色挑选鸡蛋。
26. from the bottom of my heart 衷心地；从内心深处地
e.g. I really thank you from the bottom of my heart.
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars.
1. match… with…把…….与……搭配
e.g. Please match the names with the planets.
2. in all directions 朝四面八方；朝各个方向
e.g. The bomb exploded and threw matter in all directions.
3. be to…将要……
e.g. What it was to become was uncertain.
4. cool down冷却下来
e.g. At last the food cooled down.
5. be harmful to…=do harm to…对……有害
e.g. Drinking too much is harmful to your health.
6. lay v. 放；搁；下蛋；产卵（laid; laid）
e.g. Dinosaurs laid eggs to produce young babies.
7. give birth to…产生；分娩
e.g. The woman gave birth to a healthy baby.
8. in time及时；终于；总有一天
e.g. You will succeed in time because you are always working hard.
你迟早会成功的，因为你一直在努力工作。
9. in one’s turn轮到某人；接着
e.g. The small clever animals have, in their turn, become the most important animals on earth
at last.
10. prevent… from… = keep/stop… from…阻止……
e.g. We will prevent him from telling people lies.
11. block out…挡住（光线）
e.g. The heavy cloud blocked out the sunlight.
12. crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；坠落crash into…撞入……
e.g. A comet crashed into the earth long ago.
13. on on e’s journey to…在某人去……的旅程上
e.g. We will give you something to eat on our journey to the beach.
14. fall from... 从……掉下/坠落；fall to…掉向……
e.g. On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.
15. cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
e.g. I cheered up immediately when I heard the news.
16. now that既然；由于，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。
e.g. Walking on the moon does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.
17. get the hang of…熟悉；掌握；了解
e.g. After practicing I got the hang of the skills of walking on the moon and we began to
enjoy ourselves.
18. break out（战争、火灾、瘟疫等）突然发生；爆发
e.g. The war broke out between the two countries.
19. watch out密切注视；当心；提防；watch over看守；监视
e.g. Watch out! There is a car coming.
They use specially trained dogs to watch over their sleep at night.
20. 语法：名词性从句之主语从句
主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。
e.g. What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.
Whether wild life can be well protected is of great importance.
Who will go makes no difference.
为避免主语显得过长，可以用it作为句子的主语，把主语从句移到句子的末尾。
e.g. It hasn’t been decided yet when the new restaurant will open.
It is not clear how gold was found there.
It is hard to understand why there is gravity.
Unit 5 Canada- “The True North”
1. “在……小测试中/问答比赛”用on…quiz
e.g. How many students in your class can get 80% or better on this quiz?
2. “在…..的旅途中”用on a trip/ journey to…
e.g. We are on a trip/ journey to London.
3. rather than而不是，与其，不愿
e.g. Rather than take the air to Canada, they decided to take a train.
would rather do…than do…=would do… rather than do…宁愿……而不愿…...
4. chat about…聊……；chat with…跟……聊……
e.g. I chatted with him about the film.
5. scenery n. 景色（总称）；scene n.场景；一场；布景；场面
e.g. The scenery of Gui Lin is beautiful, when he watched the scene, he was very pleased.
6. be surrounded by/ with…被……包围；surround…with…使……包围……
e.g. As a child, he was surrounded by love and kindness.
They have surrounded the town with troops.他们出动军队包围了该城。
7. measure vt. & vi. 测量；衡量；判定n.办法，措施；尺寸
take measures/ steps/ action to do sth.采取措施做某事
to sb’s measure照某人的尺寸
e.g. Did you measure the distance between those two development areas?
你测量了那两个开发区之间的距离了吗？
This medicine may not help him, but it is the only measure I can take before the doctor comes.
这药可能对他没帮助，但在医生到来之前我没有其他办法。
Please make a suit to my measure.请按照我的尺寸做一套西服。
8. settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于
settle down to (doing) sth.开始注意某事物
e.g. He has settled down to farming. 他已安心从事农业。、
9. manage to do sth.设法做某事
e.g. The box was heavy, but he managed to carry it.
10. catch sight of…看见……；发现……
e.g. I caught sight of my old friend in town today.我今天在城里看见我的老朋友了。
11. have a gift for…对……有天赋
e.g. He has a gift for playing basketball.
12. They would win thousand dollars in prizes.在奖金方面他们将能赢得几千美元。
in prizes在奖金方面
13. be surprised at…对……感到惊奇
e.g. The girl was surprised at the fact that he was so good at English.
14. up the rive.逆流而上；down the rive顺流而下
15. in the distance 在远处；在远方
e.g. We saw lights in the distance. 我们看到了远处的点灯光。
16. It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital.
很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。
as far as…远到；直至；至于
e.g. I’ll walk with you as far as the post office.我将陪你走到邮局。
17. at dawn在黎明时分
e.g. We woke up at dawn.
18. close [kl?us]adj.接近的;关系亲密的be close to…离……很近
e.g. The house is close to the beach.那栋房子离海滩很近。
19. look over
1.)从(某物上面)看过去
The boy pulled himself to the top of the wall and looked over.那个男孩趴在墙头上看。2.)仔细检查〔审视〕(某人或某物)
Please look them over. 请把它们检查一遍。
Give me time to look your suggestion over. 给我时间仔细考虑一下你的建议。
20. speed
1) n.速度, 速率
Our speed averaged out at 50 km an hour. 我们的平均速度是每小时50公里。
2) vt. & vi. 急行; 加速
He sped his car through the street. 他开车飞速地穿过街道。
3) vi.超速行驶
Was I really speeding, officer? 警官, 我真的超速行驶了吗?
21.在哪一页用on…；在地图上用on the map
e.g. Please draw the route on the map on page 33.
22. 语法：
1）名词性从句之同位语从句
在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词（如fact, idea, news, promise等）的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词，引导同位语从句的词用连词that, 连接副词how, when, where等。如：
I have no idea when Chaplin’s film will be on again.
We were very excited at the news that our team had won.
The fact that women can work as well as men is clear.
注：同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句是对前面的名词加以说明或解释，涉及其内容；而定语从句只是对先行词的修饰。
e.g. （l）The plan (that) Mr. Lee drew up last week was very good．
（李先生上周提的方案很好。）未涉及方案的内容
（2）The plan that we should build another lad building was very good.
（我们应该再造一个实验楼的方案很好。）说明、解释了方案的内容
2）名词性从句之表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作句子的表语。引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether, as if；连接代词who, what, which;连接副词when, where, how, why等。如：
e.g. Her wish is that she could lose weight soon.
The question is whether it is worth doing.
It looked as if it was going to rain.
That is what he is worried about.
The problem is how he can get food and clothing.
第一单元友谊 Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… ……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑： 我是苏州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。 第二单元世界上的英语 Reading 通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（flat）里来看看，好吗？” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（apartment）去。” 那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语
普通高中课程标准实验教科书《英语》电子课本 Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world B3U1P1-3 FESTIV ALS AND CELEBRATIONS Ancient Festivals Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. They would starve if food was difficult to find, so they celebrated when they had food. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico they have the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people might eat food in shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. It is now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. They dress up and try to frighten people. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. Another is Columbus Day in the USA, in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter ,and because a season of agricultural work is over. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and people get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruits and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gift of mooncakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat, and may give children lucky money in the red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar New Year together. In some Western countries there are very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival in Christian countries. It celebrates the return of Jesus for Christians and it also celebrates the coming of spring. In Japan, the Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each others. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.
人教新课标模块3教材分析 ——西北工业大学附属中学 由国家教育部制定并颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》明确规定高中英语课程应使学生在义务教育阶段学习的基础上进一步明确英语学习的目的，发展自主学习能力和合作精神；在加强对学生综合语言运用能力培养的同时，注重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力；高中英语课程还应根据学生的个性特征和发展的需要，为他们提供丰富的选择机会和充分的表现空间。通过高中英语课程的学习，使学生的语言运用能力进一步得到提高，国际视野更加宽广，爱国主义精神和民族使命感进一步增强，为他们的为未来发展和终身学习奠定良好的基础。人教新课标这套教材每一个模块有五个教学单元。每个单元围绕一个主要的话题开展听说读写的活动，共分九个部分。“热身”（warming up）---主要通过问卷调查，看图讨论，情景听说，思考问题等多种形式的活动，激发学生的学习兴趣，激活其已有的知识，使学生能运用自己已有的知识和经验思考该单元的中心话题。“读前”(Pre-reading)---设置问题启发学生预测课文的内容，展开简短的讨论，以便通过阅读验证自己的推测。“阅读”（Reading)---为各单元的主要阅读语篇，题材和体裁多种多样，承载该单元的话题重要信息，以及大部分词汇和主要的语法结构。“理解”（Comprehending）---用以检测学生对阅读课文的理解程度。“语言学习” (Learning about Language)---采用发现和探究的方法启发学生自己找出书中的重要语言项目，培养学生初步运用这些语言的技能。“语言运用”(Using Language)---围绕中心话题的听说读写的综合性练习，包括了Listening and speaking & Reading and writing。“小结”(Summing Up)---要求学生自己小结从各单元中学到的内容，生词和习惯用语以及语法结构。“学习建议”(Learning Tip)---培养学习策略，优化学习方式，提高自主学习的能力。“趣味阅读”(Reading for Fun)---满足学生的兴趣需求，体现教材的选择性和拓展性。 以上是普通高中英语课程标准（实验稿）对课程目标的解读。下面，我们将从教材的使用者的角度，结合在教材使用过程中学生对教材的反应情况，主要针对模块教材整体，从模块和单元知识结构，模块和单元内容发生发展过程，模块和单元知识学习意义，模块和单元教学建议与学法指导说明四个方面浅略地谈一下自己的见解，以期与各位同行共同探讨更好地掌握、运用好英语课程标准。
Unit 1 友谊 P2 Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… ……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。 P6 Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？P7 Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑： 我是苏州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。
必修三 Unit1 festivals around the world 1.take place 发生（指按计划发生，相当于不及物动词，没有被动语态）； happen发生（指偶然地没有预见地发生，也是不及物动词，没有被动语态，） take the place of 代替 e.g. The 2012 Summer Olympics will take place in London. A funny thing happened in our class last Monday. I will take the place of him to finish the work. 2. in memory of…纪念；追念（介词短语） e.g. I send you this card in memory of our happy summer together. 3. lead…to…把……带向（引领到）…; lead to…导致 e.g. I will lead the blind man back home. Regular reviewing leads to better grades. 4. in the shape of…以/在……的形状 e.g. I dare eat the food in the shape of skulls. 5. belief 信任；信心；信仰。其复数为beliefs. 6. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰。dress up as…打扮成…… e.g. We dressed up for the school party on Christmas Day. They tried to dress him up as a “national hero”. dress up, put on, wear, have on 的区别 1）dress意思是给自己或别人穿衣服。可单独用作不及物动词；作及物动词接宾语时要接表示人的名词、代词或反身代词。dressed可作表语，be dressed (in)表示“穿着”的状态。2）put on 表示“穿上、戴上”，是终止性短语，表动作，其宾语是衣服、鞋、帽、手套、袜子、眼镜等。 3）wear是“穿着、戴着”，除了接普通衣服外，还可指佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花以及留发型、胡须等，含义最广。 4）have on表示静态“穿着、戴着”，多用于口语，是比较普通的用语，不用于进行时。 7. play a trick on…搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑。还常用作play tricks on… e.g. He intends to play a trick on that girl. Don’s play tricks on me- I want to know the truth. 8. award n. 奖，奖品（可数）vt.授予；判定 e.g. He won the first awards of many English contests. The school awarded Mary a prize for her good work.学校因为玛丽的出色表现而奖励了她。medal, prize, reward和award用法辨析： medal指“奖章，勋章，纪念章”，如金牌、银牌等。 prize指“奖品，奖金；战利品；捕获物”，如在竞争或比赛中赢得的，或作为对胜利或优胜的嘉奖的东西 reward指“回报，报酬，报应”，为相应的行为作酬劳或为邪恶的举止作报应而授予或收到的东西。 award指“奖品”，因优点奖励或授予的东西。 e.g. How many gold medals has he won? My brother won the first prize in the contest. A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.
Unit 1 Lifestyles Warm-up Tapescript 1 Football player: Being famous isn’t easy, you know. I travel a lot – I have matches in different countries. But my job is exciting, very exciting! I love the matches, the people cheering, know what I mean? 2 Student: My dad says these are the best days of my life –but I’m not so sure! You know, I’ve got lots of work to do and there’s not much time really. I also play football for the school team and we have to do training three nights a week. 3 Shepherd: I love th e animals and I love nature. It’s peaceful, and there’s no one to tell me what to do. But it’s not so good when the weather’s bad! 4 Business manager: I’m very busy, and I don’t have time to see my husband and children. Mmmm and my life is very stressful, I suppose. I mean, I have to deal with lots of money. But I find it really exciting. 1 A Perfect Day? A Couch Potato Forty-three-year-old Brian Blakey from Birmingham is sitting on his sofa and telling me about his perfect day. When I wake up I don't get up immediately. I turn on the television and watch the children's programmes and old movies until about half-past ten. Then I get up, go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room. For lunch, I have biscuits and a glass of milk, and I watch the news. In the afternoon, I often watch another old film – they're showing some good ones at the moment. In the evenings, I often watch TV series or sport and the news again. I like the main news at six o'clock. At nine thirty, if there is a good play on BBC 2, I switch over and watch it. Then at night, I watch more films and I usually switch off the TV at about two o'clock. I never watch TV all night. I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day. I also do some exercise every day. I take Tina, the dog, for a walk every afternoon. I don't go far, of course. I walk to the wall outside my house. I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle. Of course, I couldn't live this lifestyle without a good wife. She's not here now because she's working, but she always makes my meals. We haven't got much money, you know, but we're happy. Sit down and watch TV. Here's the remote control. You've got the world at your feet. And in your hand. Great! A Workaholic Thirty-six-year-old Bob Black is sitting at his desk and working his way through his paperwork. I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off. As soon as I hear my alarm clock, I jump out of my bed. It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash, get changed, have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus. I am always the first person to get to the office. The mornings are always very busy and the afternoons are even busier! Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day. Every minute
必修1 第一单元 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. 安妮最好的朋友 你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。 Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so she had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hidden away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ―I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.‖ Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. 在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：―我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。‖现在，来看看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。 Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
1.必修三Unit1 Festivals and celebrations节日和庆典 Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. 自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. 最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals. 有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们会挨饿。Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. 现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。 Festivals of the Dead亡灵节 Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。For the Japanese festival. Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. 他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. 在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. 他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上到邻居家要糖吃。If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。 Festivals to Honour People纪念名人的节日 Festivals can also be held to honour famous people . 也有纪念名人的节日。The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. 中国的端午节（龙舟节），是纪念著名古代诗人屈原的。In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New World. 美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. 印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。 Harvest Festivals庆丰收的节日 Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. 收获与感恩节是非常喜庆的节日。People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. 越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. 在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. 有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy
Unit 1 Festivals around the world FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.