英语语法完形填空归纳总结
一、高中英语完形填空
1．阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白
处的最佳选项。
The Coffee Place
I used to believe politeness was a thing of the past. Very seldom had I met a 1 human being in this modem age of the so-called Ceneration X.
Recently, I had to change my 2 , when I came face to face with just such a human being.
I had gone to a coffee place, with two of my grown-up daughters. The place was crowded with the usual loud crowd and we had to climb the stairs in order to find a(n) 3 table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we were going down the stairs, where the 4 space made climbing down only possible in a single 5 , with hardly any space for another person to either climb up or 6 .
Just as I was in the 7 of my going down, a gentleman entered by the main 8 of the coffee place which was in front of the staircase. I was sure I would be pushed 9 by the man who would want to go up 10 .I kept coming down as fast as I could,
11 on to the bannister (扶手). My daughters were already down, looking up at me and hoping
I would reach them before the 12 started up the stairs.
Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the 13 . I reached my daughters and passed him at the entrance door he 14 holding open. I looked back, thinking he was still there trying to 15 whether to go in or find another less crowded place. But later I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and felt bad that we didn't even thank him who was actually holding the door open for us to pass through 16 going up.
We 17 his thoughtfulness. Such 18 people are hard to find these days when pushing roughly is very 19 in our advanced but aggressive society. Till date, I remember this gentleman and 20 to God to make more human beings like him.
1. A. polite B. rude C. clever D. dull
2. A. choice B. thinking C. life D. decision
3. A. convenient B. nice C. reserved D. empty
4. A. wide B. open C. narrow D. large
5. A. area B. circle C. second D. line
6. A. break down B. set down C. come down D. take down
7. A. end B. way C. middle D. aim
8. A. entrance B. room C. hall D. exit
9. A. gently B. roughly C. casually D. politely
10. A. carefully B. happily C. slowly D. hurriedly
11. A. holding B. going C. depending D. handling
12. A. waiter B. student C. friend D. stranger
13. A. table B. door C. window D. counter
14. A. stopped B. permitted C. kept D. considered
15. A. decide B. inform C. persuade D. discuss
16. A. after B. when C. before D. since
17. A. required B. applauded C. thanked D. spread
18. A. well-mannered B. deeply-affected C. ill-educated D. easily-identified
19. A. general B. urgent C. serious D. common
20. A. point B. pray C. devote D. explain
【答案】（1）A；（2）B；（3）D；（4）C；（5）D；（6）C；（7）C；（8）A；（9）B；（10）D；（11）A；（12）D；（13）B；（14）C；（15）A；（16）C；（17）B；（18）A；（19）D；（20）B；
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己在一家咖啡店受到了一位绅士贴心地帮助女士推门的行为，让她相信人们大多还是有礼貌的，善良的。
（1）考查形容词。句意：我过去常常认为礼貌是很久远之前的东西，在现代社会我很少遇见过礼貌的人。A. polite“礼貌的”；B. rude“粗鲁的”；C. clever“聪明的”；D. dull“枯燥的”。故选A。
（2）考查名词。句意：近来，当我面对面遇到这么一个人的时候，我不得不改变我的想法。A. choice“选择”；B. thinking“想法，思考”；C. life“生活”；D. decision“决定”。故选B。（3）考查形容词。句意：由于咖啡馆充满了喧闹的人群，我们不得不爬楼梯去楼上找个空桌。A. convenient“便利的”；B. nice“好的”；C. reserved“内向的”；D. empty“空的”。故选D。
（4）考查形容词。句意：喝完咖啡，吃完甜点，我们开始下楼，楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。A. wide“宽的”；B. open“打开的”；C. narrow“狭窄的”；D. large“大的”。故选C。
（5）考查名词。句意：喝完咖啡，吃完甜点，我们开始下楼，楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。A. area“区域”；B. circle“环形”；C. second“秒”；D. line“线，队”。故选D。
（6）考查动词短语。句意：几乎没有留下空间供另一个人上楼或下楼。A. break down“分解，崩溃”；B. set down“记下”；C. come down“下来”；D. take down“取下，拿下”。故选C。（7）考查名词。句意：我刚下到一半的时候，有个绅士从电梯出口正对着的主入口进入咖啡馆。A. end“结束，结尾”；B. way“方式”；C. middle“中间”；D. aim“目标”。故选C。（8）考查名词。句意：我刚下到一半的时候，有个绅士从电梯出口正对着的主入口进入咖啡馆。A. entrance“入口，进入”；B. room“房间”；C. hall“大厅”；D. exit“出口”。故选A。（9）考查副词。句意：我确信我一定会被这个匆忙上楼的家伙粗鲁地冲撞。A. gently“温柔地”；B. roughly“粗略地”；C. casually“随意地”；D. politely“礼貌地”。故选B。
（10）考查副词。句意：我确信我一定会被这个匆忙上楼的家伙粗鲁地冲撞。A. carefully“细心地”；B. happily“快乐地”；C. slowly“缓慢地”；D. hurriedly“匆忙地”。故选D。（11）考查动词短语。句意：我尽可能快地下楼梯，手紧抓着楼梯。A. holding on“坚持，抓住（不放）”；B. going on“继续”；C. depending on“依靠”；D. handling“操作，处理”。故
选A。
（12）考查名词。句意：我的女儿已经走下楼梯，抬头看着我，希望我能在这个陌生人上楼之前下来。A. waiter“侍者”；B. student“学生”；C. friend“朋友”；D. stranger“陌生人”。故选D。
（13）考查名词。句意：快赶上我女儿的时候，我注意到这个男的仍然站在门口。A. table“桌子”；B. door“门”；C. window“窗户”；D. counter“柜台”。故选B。
（14）考查动词。句意：我赶上了我的女儿，从这个人一直开着的门旁走过。A. stopped“停止”；B. permitted“允许”；C. kept“保持”；D. con sidered“考虑”。故选C。
（15）考查动词。句意：我回首一看，认为那个人还在决定是进去还是找个不那么拥挤的地方。A. decide“决定”；B. inform“告知”；C. persuade“劝说”；D. discuss“讨论”。故选A。（16）考查连词。句意：我把这件事告诉女儿，我感觉很糟，因为我们没有感谢那位在上楼前一直为我们开门的绅士。A. after“在……之后”；B. when“当……时”；C. before“在……之前”；D. since“自从”。故选C。
（17）考查动词。句意：我们很赞赏他的体贴。A. required“要求”；B. applauded“赞赏，鼓掌”；C. thanked“感谢”；D. spread“扩散”。故选B。
（18）考查形容词。句意：在这样一个粗鲁地推挤很普遍的现代却充满挑衅的社会，像这种有礼貌的人很难找了。A. well-mannered“有礼貌的”；B. deeply-affected“深受影响的”；C. ill-educated“缺乏教育的”；D. easily-identified“容易鉴别的”。故选A。
（19）考查形容词。句意：在这样一个现代却充满挑衅的社会里，粗鲁地推挤是普遍的现象，但是像这样有礼貌的人却很难找。A. general“一般的”；B. urgent“紧急的”；C. serious“严重的”；D. common“普通的，共有的”。故选D。
（20）考查动词。句意：直到今天我还记得这个绅士，祈祷上帝创造更多的这种人吧。A. point“指向”；B. pray“祈祷”；C. devote“致力于，献身于”；D. explain“解释”。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，连词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．完形填空
Once upon a time, there was a king who had twin sons. There was some 1 about which one had been born first. As they grew up, the king sought out a 2 way of choosing one of them as the crown prince.
One day he said, "My sons, the 3 will come when one of you must succeed (继任) me as king. The 4 of power are very heavy. To find out which of you is 5 able to bear them cheerfully, I'm sending you to one of my advisors, who will place equal burdens on your 6 . My crown will go to the one who first 7 bearing his burden."
The brothers 8 together at once. Soon they met a weak and 9 woman struggling under a heavy weight. One of the boys suggested that they stop to help her. The other 10 , "We have a burden of our own to worry about. Let's be on our way."
So the second son 11 on while the first stayed behind to help the woman. As he continued, the first son found others who needed 12 : a blind man who needed assistance
to go home and a lost child whom he carried back to her 13 parents.
Eventually he did reach his father's advisor, 14 his own burden, and went back home with it 15 on his shoulders. When he arrived back at the palace, his brother met him at the gate and greeted him with 16 . "I don't understand, " the brother said. "I 17 Father the burden was too heavy to carry. How did you 18 it alone?"
The future king replied 19 , "I suppose by helping others carry their burdens. I 20 the strength to bear my own."
1. A. difference B. concern C. surprise D. confusion
2. A. convenient B. fair C. simple D. familiar
3. A. hour B. day C. month D. year
4. A. burdens B. benefits C. shares D. desires
5. A. worse B. harder C. better D. rougher
6. A. shoulders B. hands C. head D. back
7. A. leaves B. flees C. stays D. returns
8. A. set aside B. set out C. set up D. set down
9. A. excited B. disappointed C. aged D. surprised
10. A. proposed B. suggested C. agreed D. objected
11. A. hurried B. looked C. planned D. insisted
12. A. effort B. help C. courage D. confidence
13. A. tired B. trapped C. worried D. frightened
14. A. bore B. shared C. removed D. lessened
15. A. fearfully B. frequently C. hopelessly D. safely
16. A. pleasure B. sadness C. admiration D. fear
17. A. told B. scolded C. delighted D. comforted
18. A. transport B. direct C. manage D. find
19. A. carelessly B. painfully C. proudly D. thoughtfully
20. A. lost B. lacked C. found D. measured
【答案】（1）D；（2）B；（3）B；（4）A；（5）C；（6）A；（7）D；（8）B；（9）C；（10）D；（11）A；（12）B；（13）C；（14）A；（15）D；（16）B；（17）A；（18）C；（19）D；（20）C；
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，国王有一对双胞胎孩子，在他们长大的过程中，国
王找到了一种公平的方式来选择他们中的一位作为王储。考验了其中那个人更有爱心，更
适合做国王。
（1）考查名词。句意: 从前，有一个国王有一对双胞胎儿子，人们对谁先出生有些困惑。A. difference“差异”；B. concern“关心”；C. surprise“惊奇”；D. confusion“混乱”。根据上文的"there was a king who had twin sons"可知，国王有一对双胞胎儿子，双胞胎孩子当然容易弄混。故选D。
（2）考查形容词。句意: 当他们长大后，国王想办法公平地选择他们中的一个作为王储。A. convenient“方便的”；B. fair“公平的”；C. simple“简单的”；D.familiar “熟悉的”。根据语境
可知，在他们长大的过程中，国王找到了一种公平的方式来选择他们中的一位作为王储。故选B。
（3）考查名词。句意: 我的儿子们，总有一天你们中的一个必须继承我的王位。A. hour“小时”；B. day“天”；C. month“月”；D. year“年”。当你们中的一个人必须接替我成为国王的时候，这一天就要到来了. 故选B。
（4）考查动词。句意: 权力的重担是非常沉重的。A. burdens“负担”；B. benefits“利益”；C. shares“分享”；D. desires“欲望”。根据语境可知，他们当中有一个人会接替父亲成为国王，在这里表示，虽然是国王，拥有权力的同时，负担也非常重。故选A。
（5）考查形容词。句意: 为了找出你们中哪一个更能愉快地承受这些重担，我把你们交给我的一个顾问。A. worse“更坏的”；B. harder“更难的”；C. better“更好的”；D.rougher“更粗糙的”。根据语境可知，国王为了找出王子们中间哪一个能更好地忍受权力的负担，国王把他们送到一个顾问那里。故选C。
（6）考查名词。句意: 他将把同样的重担放在你们的肩上。A. shoulders“肩膀”；B. hands“手”；C. head“头”；D. back“后面”。根据语境可知，为了找出谁能更好的承受负担，顾问会把同样的重担放在他们的肩上。故选A。
（7）考查动词。句意: 我的冠冕将归到那第一个承担他的重担的人身上。A. leaves“离开”；B. flees“逃跑”；C. stays“停留”；D. returns“返回”。根据语境可知，谁第一个成功归来，谁就能继承王位。故选 D。
（8）考查动词短语。句意: 兄弟俩立刻一起出发了。A. set aside“留出”；B. set out“出发”；
C. set up“建立”；
D. set down“放下”。根据上文可知，两兄弟会被送到一个顾问那里，故在这里表示，他们俩一起出发了。故选B。
（9）考查形容词。句意: 不久，他们遇到了一个虚弱而年迈的女人，她在重压之下挣扎着。A. excited“兴奋的”；B. disappointed“失望的”；C. aged“ 年纪大的”；D. surprised“惊奇的”。根据上文的“weak”以及结合选项可知，此处表示一个虚弱年迈的女人。故选 C。（10）考查动词。句意: 另一个反对说: “我们有自己的负担需要担心。我们走吧。”A. proposed“提议”；B. suggested“建议”；C. agreed“同意”；D. objected“反对”。根据“We have a burden of our own to worry about. Let's be on our way.”可知，另一个人是反对留下来帮忙这个提议的，他认为自己还有更重要的事情要做。故选D。
（11）考查动词。句意: 于是第二个儿子急急忙忙地往前走，而第一个留下来帮助那个女人。A. hurried“匆忙”；B. looked“看”；C. planned“计划”；D. insisted“坚持”。根据上文中“We have a burden of our own to worry about. Let's be on our way.”可知，第二个儿子跑了，第一个留在后面帮助那个女人。故选A。
（12）考查名词。句意: 当他继续走的时候，第一个儿子找到了其他需要帮助的人。A. effort“努力”；B. help“帮助”；C. courage“勇气”；D. confidence“信心”。根据下文的“a blind man who needed assistance to go home”可知，第一个儿子找到了其他需要帮助的人。故选B。
（13）考查形容词。句意: 他把他带回了忧心忡忡的父母身边。A. tired“疲倦的”；B. trapped“陷入困境的”；C. worried“担心的”；D. frightened“害怕的”。根据上文可知孩子走丢了，故父母当然是担心的。故选C。
（14）考查动词。句意: 最后，他终于找到了父亲的顾问，承担了自己的责任。A. bore“承担”；B. shared“分享”；C. removed“远离”；D. lessened“减少”。根据下文可知，第一个儿子最终于找到了父亲的顾问，承担了自己的责任。故选A。
（15）考查副词。句意: 他安全地将这份责任送回家中。A. f earfully“害怕地”；B. frequently“频繁地”；C. hopelessly“绝望地”；D. safely“安全地”。根据下文，第一个人儿子回到家可知，他安全地将这份责任送回家中。故选D。
（16）考查名词。句意: 当他回到皇宫时，哥哥在大门口迎接他，悲伤地向他打招呼。A. pleasure“快乐”；B. sadness“悲伤”；C. admiration“钦佩”；D. fear“恐惧”。根据下文哥哥放弃了承担责任可知，他应该是悲伤的。故选B。
（17）考查动词。句意: 我告诉父亲，这个负担太重了，我承担不了。A. told“告诉”；B. scolded“训斥”；C. delighted“高兴”；D. comforted“安慰”。根据语境可知，这是第二个儿子对父亲说的话。故选A。
（18）考查动词。句意: 你是如何独自处理的？A. transport“运输”；B. direct“直接”；C. manage“处理”；D. find“找到”。根据上文可知，第二个儿子失败了，而第一个儿子成功了。故第这是第二个儿子问第一个儿子是如何成功做到的。故选C。
（19）考查副词。句意: 未来的国王深思熟虑地回答说。A. carelessly“粗心地”；B. painfully“痛苦地”；C. proudly “傲慢地”；D. thoughtfully“深思熟客地”。根据语境，未来的国王深思熟虑地回答。故选 D。
（20）考查动词。句意: 我想是通过帮助别人分担负担，所以我找到了自己承担责任的力量。A. lost“失去”；B. lacked“缺乏”；C. found“找到”；D. measured“测量”。根据上文可知，第二个儿子在沿途中帮助了很多人，由此找到了自己承担责任的力量。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．完形填空
It happened when our grandchild, Anne, was three years old. My husband, Paul, asked her if there was anything she wanted to plant in our garden. She had an answer—Fritos (油炸玉米饼). "Anne, Fritos might not 1 in this soil," he said. But Anne looked at her grandfather and said that if the other 2 could grow, so would Fritos. Paul 3 this in the simplest way possible. He sent Anne running to the house for Fritos.
That evening, I asked Paul, "Are you 4 ?"
"She will forget it," he 5 . The next day, Anne asked again. To gain time, Paul said it would 6 two weeks for Fritos to come out. That should be plenty of time for her to forget, he thought.
For the next two weeks, she arrived every evening to 7 her "Frito land". Anne grew more 8 . But with each passing day, Paul became more and more 9 . By the 13th day, he had 10 a plan, and the next morning we began to work.
We planted two plants where the Fritos were 11 . Then we began the difficult task of tying Fritos around the leaves of the plants. At last, that was quite a 12 off our mind.
Anne ran straight to the garden as 13 . We were shocked when she shouted, "Grandpa! They're up! The Fritos came up!"
The story was repeated several times. When Anne was in second grade, it was finally 14 until the day her teacher talked about the topic of 15 . As part of the lesson, the teacher asked each child to 16 something that grows in a garden. You can 17 what Anne said!
Anne's parents 18 it was time to tell the truth. Their daughter sat very still while they talked, and when they finished, she remained 19 . Suddenly, Anne burst out 20 and said, "That's the best joke Grandpa ever played on me."
1. A. exit B. grow C. make D. work
2. A. animals B. vegetables C. families D. fruits
3. A. dealt with B. made up C. cut down D. took away
4. A. kind B. humorous C. crazy D. foolish
5. A. questioned B. doubted C. ignored D. promised
6. A. pay B. spend C. cost D. take
7. A. check B. move C. decorate D. value
8. A. lonely B. excited C. beautiful D. smart
9. A. frightened B. shocked C. worried D. puzzled
10. A. come across B. picked up C. broken down D. worked out
11. A. swept B. burnt C. tied D. buried
12. A. peace B. thought C. weight D. anger
13. A. normal B. usual C. ordinary D. common
14. A. forgotten B. forgiven C. discussed D. punished
15. A. gardening B. working C. sighting D. painting
16. A. buy B. plant C. name D. sell
17. A. order B. judge C. guess D. offer
18. A. managed B. realized C. imagined D. wondered
19. A. brave B. afraid C. popular D. silent
20. A. laughing B. crying C. shouting D. burning
【答案】（1）B；（2）B；（3）A；（4）C；（5）D；（6）D；（7）A；（8）B；（9）C；（10）D；（11）D；（12）C；（13）B；（14）A；（15）A；（16）C；（17）C；（18）B；（19）D；（20）A；
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了孙女安妮的故事。三岁的孙女安妮知道
其它蔬菜能种植，就想在花园里种油炸玉米饼得想法。我就简单地带着她种了油炸玉米饼。之后的日子，安妮常常过来看玉米饼是否长出了。为了安抚孩子，我和妻子做了一个
善意的举动：在种玉米饼的地方种了两颗植物。孩子认为玉米饼长出来了，在二年级时，
老师讲关于园艺的课时，安妮说了自己种玉米饼的事。之后，安妮的父母给孩子说了真相。安妮说这是爷爷和她开的最好的玩笑。
（1）考查动词。句意：安妮，玉米饼在土壤里种植不了。A：exit“退出”；B：grow“种
植”；C：make“制作”；D：work “工作”。根据上文我问安妮她想种什么和她的回答，此处，应该和上文意思一致，用种植的含义。故选B。
（2）考查名词。句意：但是安妮看着她的爷爷并说道如果其他的蔬菜能种植的话，那么玉米饼也可以。A：animals“动物”；B：vegetables“蔬菜”；C：families“家庭”；D：fruits“水果”。根据语境，应当是说蔬菜可以种植。故选B。
（3）考查动词短语。句意：保罗用最简单的方法处理了这件事。A：dealt with“处理，解决”；B：made up“弥补，编造”；C：cut down“砍倒”；D：took away “带走”。根据下文，带着安妮找玉米饼，可以得出，是解决了这件事情。故选A。
（4）考查形容词。句意：那天晚上，我问保罗他疯了吗？A：kind“善良的”；B：humorous“幽默的”；C：c razy“疯狂的”；D：foolish “愚蠢的”。根据上文可知，安妮要种玉米饼，爷爷便带着她去种了。可知，我认为保罗是有点荒唐。故选C。
（5）考查动词。句意：他肯定地说：“她会忘了的。”A：questioned“询问”；B：doubted“怀疑”；C：ignored“忽视”；D：promised “向……保证，向……断言”。结合句意，应该是很肯定地说。故选D。
（6）考查动词。句意：为了争取时间，保罗说：油炸玉米饼会在2周内出来。A：pay“支付”；B：spend“花费（时间，金钱）”；C：co st“（物）花费（金钱）”；D：take “（物）花费（时间）”。结合句意理解，油炸玉米饼要花费2周时间长出来。故选D。
（7）考查动词。句意：在接下来的两周里，她每天晚上来检查她的油炸玉米饼地。A：check“检查，查看”；B：move“移动”；C：decorate“装饰”；D：value “估价，评价”。根据上文可知，为了看油炸玉米饼的情况，应该是来查看。故选A。
（8）考查形容词。句意：安妮变得很兴奋。A：lonely“孤独的”；B：excited“兴奋的”；C：beautiful“漂亮的”；D：smart “聪明的”。根据上文可知，随着保罗说的长出来的时间的临近，安妮应该很激动。故选B。
（9）考查形容词。句意：随着时间的流逝，保罗变得越来越担心。A：frightened“害怕的”；B：shocked“震惊的”；C：worried“担忧的”；D：puzzled “困惑的”。根据上文，保罗给安妮讲的过两周油炸玉米饼就会长出来。所以，此时，他是担心的。故选C。
（10）考查动词短语。句意：到了第13天，他想出来一个计划。第二天，我们就开始做了。A：come across“偶然遇见”；B：picke d up“接送，恢复（健康）”；C：broken down“出故障”；D：worked out “想出”。结合句意，选D。
（11）考查动词。句意：我们把两棵植物种在她种油炸玉米饼的地方。A：swept“打扫”；B：burnt“燃烧”；C：tied“绑，系”；D：buried “埋起来”。结合句意，选D。
（12）考查名词。句意：最后，我们的心里终于轻松了不少。A：peace“和平”；B：thought“想法”；C：weight“重量”；D：anger “生气，愤怒”。根据上文，我们把油炸玉米饼绑在这两棵植物上，可知，此处，说的是心里的负担总算放下了。故选C。
（13）考查形容词。句意：安妮像平常那样径直跑到花园。A：normal“正常的”；B：usual“平常的”；C：ordinary“普通的”；D：common “普通的”。as usual固定短语，“像往常一样”，故选B。
（14）考查动词。句意：安妮上二年级的时候，她终于忘记了这件事，直到有一天她的老
师谈到了园艺的话题。A：forgotten“忘记”；B：forgiven“原谅”；C：discussed“讨论”；D：punished “惩罚”。根据语境，此处说的安妮忘记了这件事。故选A。
（15）考查名词。句意：安妮上二年级的时候，她终于忘记了这件事，直到有一天她的老师谈到了园艺的话题。A：gardening“园艺”；B：working“工作”；C：sighting“视力”；D：painting“绘画”。根据下文，老师问每个同学说出在花园里种的东西，可知，本节课讲得是园艺的话题。故选A。
（16）考查动词。句意：作为上课的一部分，老师问每个同学说出在花园里种的东西。A：buy“买”；B：plant“种植”；C：name“命名，说出名字”；D：sell “出售，卖”。根据下文，可得出是让孩子们说出名字。故选C。
（17）考查动词。句意：你们能猜到安妮说了什么。A：order“命令”；B：judge“判断”；C：guess“猜想”；D：offer“提供”。结合句意，选C。
（18）考查动词。句意：安妮的父母意识到是该说出真相的时候了。A：managed“能解决（问题），应付（困难局面等）”；B：realized“意识到”；C：imagined“想象”；D：wondered “想知道”。结合句意，选B。
（19）考查形容词。句意：他们谈话的时候，他们的女儿一动不动地坐着，当他们谈完时，她仍然是沉默的。A：brave“勇敢的”；B：afraid“害怕的”；C：popular“流行的”；D：silent “沉默的”。根据下文，她突然说话，可知此时她是不说话的，故选D。
（20）考查动词。句意：突然，安妮大笑起来说：“这是爷爷给我开的最好的玩笑”。A：laughing“大笑”；B：crying“哭”；C：shouting“大喊”；D：burning “燃烧”。根据“That's the best joke Grandpa ever played on me.”既然是玩笑，可知她应当是笑了。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was a person who always felt desperate（绝望）before. Months ago my mom 1 from
a serious disease and had an operation on her brain. I felt the whole world falling down and I had no 2 what I could do to help her to reduce her 3 . Whenever I was alone, tears welled up in my eyes.
Last month I 4 a valuable watch, which was an 18-year-old birthday gift from my dad. I couldn't sleep for several nights for the reason that I felt 5 about the loss.
There have been many 6 like these in my life. I could never know what to do with such tough matters 7 I read If You Have A Lemon, Make A Lemonade by American author Dale Carnegie.
"When the wise man is handed a lemon, he says, 'What 8 can I get from this? How can I 9 my situation? How can I turn this lemon into a lemonade?' " he wrote.
I suddenly 10 that life is full of ups and downs, so I need to stay 11 all the time. Now when I think of my past, I wish I could have handled things 12 . When my mom was fighting for 13 , I should have held her hands in mine, telling her things would get better
instead of 14 and crying.
Several weeks ago, I participated in a campus singing competition. I didn't 15 a prize. If I had not 16 this article, I would definitely have felt 17 again. But instead, I smiled after the competition. I was pleased that in the end I had got some stage 18 Life is not just a bed of roses. There are thorns（刺）as well, but these thorns help us become 19 and strong. When life 20 us a lemon, let's try to make a lemonade.
1. A. suffered B. survived C. escaped D. resulted
2. A. wonder B. hope C. doubt D. idea
3. A. pressure B. pain C. anxiety D. fear
4. A. lost B. received C. sold D. fixed
5. A. angry B. terrible C. unbelievable D. shameful
6. A. memories B. difficulties C. diseases D. incidents
7. A. though B. since C. until D. when
8. A. challenge B. decision C. lemonade D. lesson
9. A. avoid B. improve C. control D. accept
10. A. thought B. predicted C. realized D. discovered
11. A. independent B. healthy C. positive D. serious
12. A. exactly B. easily C. differently D. practically
13. A. life B. freedom C. happiness D. recovery
14. A. quarreling B. shouting C. regretting D. hiding
15. A. win B. miss C. expect D. refuse
16. A. come across B. figured out C. written down D. found out
17. A. excited B. concerned C. discouraged D. embarrassed
18. A. experience B. progress C. effect D. performance
19. A. calm B. brave C. clever D. great
20. A. makes B. gives C. sends D. shows
【答案】（1）A；（2）D；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；（6）D；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）C；（11）C；（12）C；（13）D；（14）D；（15）A；（16）A；（17）C；（18）A；（19）B；（20）B；
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者从前是一个非常悲观的人，遇事就想着逃避、
流泪，直到他看到了作家Dale Carnegie写的一篇文章，他开始意识到生活是跌宕起伏的，
我们必须笑着并且乐观地去面对一切，才能变得更勇敢强大。
（1）考查动词。suffer“遭受”；surviv e“幸存”；escape“逃脱”；result“结果”。几个月之前作
者的母亲遭受（suffer from）疾病的困扰，并且在脑部做了手术，选项A符合语境，故选A。
（2）考查名词。wonder“奇迹”；hope“希望”；doubt“怀疑”；idea“想法”。因为母亲的病，
作者感觉整个世界都塌了，不知道做什么能帮助母亲减轻痛苦。have no idea固定短语，“不知道”，故选D。
（3）考查名词。pressure“压力”；pain“疼痛”；anxiety“焦虑”；fear“害怕”。因为母亲的
病，作者感觉整个世界都塌了，不知道做什么能帮助母亲减轻痛苦，选项B符合语境，故选B。
（4）考查动词。lose“丢失”；receive“接收”；sell“卖”；fix“修理”。根据下文“about the loss”中的loss可知此处作者丢失了这块表，故选A。
（5）考查形容词。angry“生气的”；terrible“糟糕的”；unbelievable“难以置信的”；shameful“羞愧的”。因为表丢失了作者感觉很糟糕，因为这个原因作者好几晚上睡不着觉，故选B。
（6）考查名词。memory“记忆”；difficult y“困难”；disease“疾病”；incident“事件”。作者上文列举了生活中的两个例子，他的生活中还有很多这样类似的事情。故选D。
（7）考查连词。though“尽管”；since“自从”；until“直到”；when“当......的时候”。作者对于这些棘手的问题不知道做什么，直到作者读了If You Have A Lemon, Make A Lemonade这本书，故选C。
（8）考查名词。句意：我从中能得到什么教训？challenge“挑战”；decision“决定”；lemonade“柠檬水”；lesson“教训”。故选D。
（9）考查动词。句意：我如何改善我的状况？avoid“避免”；improve“提高，改善”；control“控制”；accept“接受”。故选B。
（10）考查动词。think“认为”；predict“预言”；realize“意识到”；discover“发现”。作者读了这本书后，突然意识到生活中充满了起起伏伏，故选C。
（11）考查形容词。independent“独立的”；healthy“健康的”；positive“积极的”；serious“严肃的”。作者意识到生活中充满了起起伏伏，所以需要时刻保持积极的心态，故选C。（12）考查副词。exactly“精确地”；easily“容易地”；differently“不同地“；practically“事实上”。现在，当作者想起以前的事情，作者很希望当时能用不同地的方式来处理事情，故选C。
（13）考查名词。life“生活”；freedom“自由”；happiness“快乐”；recovery“恢复，痊愈”。根据上文可知作者的母亲生病了，所以这里是母亲与病魔作斗争，从病情中恢复过来，故选D。
（14）考查动词。quarrel“争吵”；shout“喊叫”；regret“后悔”；hide“躲藏”。当母亲与病情作斗争的时候，作者本应该握住母亲的手，告诉她事情会好起来的，而不是躲藏起来哭泣，故选D。
（15）考查动词。win“赢得”；miss“错过”；expect“期待”；refuse“拒绝”。作者参加了学校的歌唱比赛，但是没有赢得奖项。故选A。
（16）考查动词词组。come across“无意中发现”；figure out“解决”；write down“写下来”；find out“找出”。如果作者没有偶然间发现这篇文章，作者肯定还会感到气馁，故选A。（17）考查形容词。excited“兴奋的”；concerned“有关的，关心的”；discouraged“气馁的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”。如果作者没有偶然间发现这篇文章，作者肯定还会感到气馁，故选C。
（18）考查名词。experience“经验”；progress“进步”；effect“影响”；performance“表现”。作者虽然没有得奖，但是最后能得到一些舞台经验，也很开心，故选A。
（19）考查形容词。句意：生活中也有刺，这些刺帮助我们变得勇敢坚强。calm“平静
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?
初一英语语法及主要知 识点归纳总结 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】
初一英语知识点归纳总结 分类：英语学习 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from 一．短语： 1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2． live in 居住在--- 3． on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二．重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live 3 What language(s) does he speak 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office 一． Asking ways: (问路) 1．Where is (the nearest) …… （最近的）……在哪里 2．Can you tell me the way to …… 你能告诉我去……的路吗 3．How can I get to …… 我怎样到达……呢 4．Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood 附近有……吗 5．Which is the way to …… 哪条是去……的路 二．Showing the ways: （指路） 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
蚄主谓一致 蚈1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 肈2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 螃（1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 螃I often help him and he often helps me. 聿（2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 薆The police are searching the woods for the murderer. （3） （4）蒂就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 蕿并列主语的谓语一致 1. 2.芆And 羄（1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。 芁Tom and Jack are close friends. （2） （3）虿两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。 蚇The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. （4） （5）蒁被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。 肀every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 蝿Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. （6） （7）肈一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 膃Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
英语语法主谓一致 指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题，可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。根据这些原则，总结如下： 一.谓语动词用单数 (1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数动词。 例如：To work hard is necessary.努力工作是必要的。 Reading without comprehension is no good.只读不理解是不好的。 It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。 (2)事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品的名称(专有名词)用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The United States was formed in 1776.美国于1776年成立。 The New York Times still has a wide circulation.纽约时报发行量仍然很大。 Roots is a novel about a black family.《根》是一部关于(美国)黑人家庭的小说。 (3)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。 例如：Two weeks was too long.两周太长了。 Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是个小数目。 Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。 One and a half bananas is left on the table.一只半香蕉留在桌子上。 4)表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.语言学是人类语言中的一个分枝。(5)有些名词形式是复数，意义为单数，作主语时，要求单数动词。 例如：The chaos was stopped by the police.混乱被警察阻止了。 The news is a great encouragement to us.这新闻对我们来说是一个很大的鼓舞。 Her present whereabouts is still unknown.她目前的行踪仍然不明。 (6)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟as well as (以及)，no less than (不少于……，多达)，rather than(而不是)，more than(不止是，超过)，but(除了)，except(除……外)，besides( 加之，还有)，with(和……一起，和……一块儿)，along with(跟……一起)，accompanied by ( 由……陪同)，combined with(加上)，in addition to(除……以外)，including(包括)，together with(与……一起)等，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 (7)某些不定代词，如：either,neither,each,one,other,another,anybody,anyone, anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 等，当他们作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例如：Each of the boys has an apple.每个孩子都有苹果。 Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用电话。 Everything around us is matter.我们周围一切都是物质。 但是口语中当either或neither后+of+复数名词(或代词)作定语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。例如：Is (Are)either of the boys ready?两个男孩都准备好了吗? Neither of the novels is (are)interesting.哪一本小说都没意思。 (8)集合名词作主语表示整体概念时，动词用单数谓语形式。 例如：The government is made up of senior members of the four main right wing parties. 这届政府由四个主要右翼党的高级官员组成。 His family is not very large.他的家庭并不太大。 The staff of our school is opposed to the drastic changes in the system of education.
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。 例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语
reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from
主谓一致 主谓一致（Subject-Verb Concord）即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致，语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致，就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 表里不一 主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象 1,"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如： More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花. 2,"many a +名词"作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数.例如：Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树. 3,"half of ,the rest of ,most of ,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如： Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖. 4,all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数.例如： "All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了，一切进展顺利 5,what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定：表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数.例如： What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书. 6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each ,every ,no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.例如： No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔. 7,当主语后面有as well as ,with ,along with ,together with ,but ,like ,rather than ,except，逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如： My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过. 8,each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关.例如：They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车. 9,动词不定式，动词-ing形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如： Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯. 10,the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如：The following are good examples下面是一些好例子. 11,以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics ,physics ,mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news ,works ,plastics等同属此类.例如：
英语语法一般将来时归纳总结 一、单项选择一般将来时 1．I ________ for Beijing next Saturday. Do you know when the earliest plane ________ on Ssturday? A．am leaving；takes off B．leave；takes off C．leave; is taking off D．am leaving; is taking off 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查瞬间性动词的时态问题。Arrive，leave，go等瞬间性动词用一般现在时表示将来时态。一般现在时态中，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要加s。句意：我下个星期六将要离开去北京。你知道星期六最早的航班是什么时候的吗？故选A。 考点：考查瞬间性动词的时态问题 2．--I have you asked John to come to the party this evening？ --Yes，I have，but he＿＿＿＿ A．doesn't B．hasn't C．hadn't D．won't 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：此处doesn't 表示一般现在时； hasn't 现在完成时；hadn't 过去完成时； won't 一般将来时，意为：不愿，表意愿。句意：—我让你请求John来参加今晚是聚会？—是的，我请了，但他不愿意来。根据句意选D。 考点：考查动词时态。 3． Turn on CCTV news and we ________how happy our life is. But there is no denying that over the past decades, the cost of living ________ sharply. A．are seeing; had increased B．will see；has been increasing C．see; increased D．have seen; is increasing 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查动词时态。前句是固定句型“祈使句，and+句子（一般用将来时）”，而时间状语over the past decades是现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态的标志，所以B选项正确。句意：打开中央新闻联播我们就会看到我们的生活是多么的幸福。但是不能否认在过去的几十年里，生活费用一直在急剧上涨。 考点：考查动词时态。 4．Japan’s economy _______ in the past twenty years. No one knows how long it ______ before it regains its increase. A．has been declining; will be B．has declined; would be C．had been in decline; would take D．was on the decline; will take
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 （2021最新版） 作者：______ 编写日期：2021年__月__日 【导语】要想取得好的学习成绩，必须要有良好的学习习惯。习惯是经过重复练习而巩固下来的稳重持久的条件反射和自然需要。建立良好的学习习惯，就会使自己学习感到有序而轻松。以下是小编为您整理的《八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结》，供大家查阅。 【篇一】 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)
----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，
中考英语语法之主谓一致、就近原则讲解 【导读】就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity)，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。小编在此搜集整理了中考英语语法之就近原则讲解，希望对大家有所帮助。 I.在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be+句型;or;either…or;nor;neither…nor;whether…or;not…but;not only…but also";等。e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 ②Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 ③Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。 ④Not only you but(also)he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。 2.在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。 e.g. ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。 ②There is(are)a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 II.非正式文体中： 有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g. Neither she nor I were there(意义一致)我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式) Neither she nor I was there.(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式) 但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.
Exercise for subject-verb concord choice: manager or his assistant __ going to attend the meeting. A. were B. are C. is D. has 2. Two weeks __ enough for us to finish the task. B. are 3. Her politics __ neither conservative nor liberal. B. has been C. was D. is round and a square table __ in the shop window. A. was exhibiting B. was exhibited C. were exhibiting exhibited he got to the fair, what were left behind __ ten empty bottles. A. was B. were is always a possibility that the infection will return, but so far there __ been no signs of trouble. A. has D. had 7. George is the only one of the brightest students who __ from New York University. graduated graduated graduated D. are graduated 8. Hard work and plain living _ characteristics of the working class. A. were B. is C. has been the first part of the book is easy, the rest __ . A. are difficult B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult 10. Every policeman and fireman __ on the alert. A. was B. were C. have been D. are 11. Since the Chernobyl nuclear explosion，The public__ great concern over the safety of nuclear power plants. A. has shown B. showed C. shows D. is shown 12. Ten percent of the workers in this city __ now on strike. A. is B. are C. is to be D. are to be 13. Several of the cups in the set __ in delivery. A. were smashed B. was smashing C. was smashed D. were smashing 14. Bacon and scrambled eggs __ the standard American breakfast. A. is B. are C. is to be D. are to be 15. In cold climates, the wood-frame dwelling, properly built and insulated, _ warmest type of home. A. and the B. the C. is the D. where it is growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes __ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. A. allow C. allowing D. have allowed 17. Television is one of the great advances in methods of communication that _ made in the 19th century. A. was B. were C. are D. has been 18. The office staff __ gathered to hear the president speak. A. will B. are D. has been 19. The auxiliary police __ to report for duty at the headquarters immediately.
英语语法现在进行时归纳总结 一、单项选择现在进行时 1．-- I am afraid I can’t help you with your project. I ________ a model these days. -- It doesn’t matter. I will finish it by myself. A．make B．will be making C．am making D．have made 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词时态。句意：我恐怕不能帮你完成项目了，这几天我要做一个模型。没关系，我会自己完成。表示这几天一直要做的事情，用一般现在时表示将来，故选C 项。 考点：考查动词时态 2．—I some courses at university，so I can’t work full time at the moment． A．take B．am taking C．took D．have taken 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：因为我正在上学，所以不能在这时候做全职的工作。根据下方提到so I can’t work full time at th e moment 可知我正在上学，故选B 项。 考点 : 考查动词的时态 3．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers the main pipe．A．repair B．repaired C．have repaired D．are repairing 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：因为工人正在修理主管道，所以水供应暂时被切断。根据语境表示，修理管道这件事正在进行，所以选D项。 考点 : 考查动词的时态 4．– Do you think we should accept that offer? -- Yes, we should, for we ___such bad luck up till now, and time __ out. A．have had; is running B．had; is running C．have; has been run D．have had; has been run 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词的时态。 句意：---你认为我们应该接受那个建议吗？ ---是的，我们应该，因为到目前为止我们已经运气很糟糕，并且时间也正在被耗尽。
主谓一致 1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 （1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 I often help him and he often helps me. （2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 The police are searching the woods for the murderer. （3）就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 并列主语的谓语一致 1.And （1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。 Tom and Jack are close friends. （2）两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. （3）被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。 every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. （4）一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。 Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying. （5）由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数 What he says and does do not agree.（言行不一致） What he says and does does not concern me. 2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。 Either Tom or I is going there. 3、“with/along with/together with/as well as/as much as/expect/besides/including/rather than/but/等+名词”结构时，谓语单复数不受这些词影响。 You father as well as you is very kind to me, 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.集合名词 （1）表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数形式；强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。 如：family，company, committee, government, nation,
高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.