长句难句分析
- 格式:rtf
- 大小:29.20 KB
- 文档页数:9
英语长难句分析英语长句结构分析及翻译实例英语长句分析和翻译实例是对英语长句的结构和翻译方法进行探讨和示范。
英语长句通常由多个从句和状语从句组成,其结构复杂、语法层次丰富。
以下是一些常见的英语长句结构和翻译实例:
1.主从复合句结构:
-原句结构:主句+从句
- 翻译实例:I will go to the movie theater tonight, if I finish my homework.(如果我完成作业,我今晚会去电影院)
2.并列句结构:
-原句结构:句子1,连词,句子2
- 翻译实例:He studied hard for the exam, but he still failed.(他为了考试努力学习,但仍然没通过)
3.倒装句结构:
-原句结构:完全倒装句型,谓语在主语前
- 翻译实例:Only when the rain stopped did we go outside.(只有等雨停下来我们才出去)
4.强调句结构:
- 原句结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分
- 翻译实例:It was Tom who broke the vase.(正是汤姆打碎了花瓶)
对于长句的翻译,可以采取以下方法:
-分割长句,将从句、状语从句分别翻译,再进行合并。
-对英语长句进行拆分,将其翻译为多个简洁且清晰的句子。
-确保翻译的流畅性和准确性,同时要注意语序的变化。
总之,对于英语长句的结构分析和翻译实例,重要的是理解其语法结构、使用正确的连词、灵活运用翻译策略,并保持翻译的准确和自然。
长难句(1)考研英语长难句四大类型及五大特点一、长难句的特点英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句,复杂句里可能有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列或平行。
从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
英语长难句五大特点:1)结构复杂,逻辑层次多;2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;3)常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;4)并列成分多;5)修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长;二、考研英语长难句分析类别第一类:复杂修饰成分句子本不难,但是修饰成分多且长。
1、从句(定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰;2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。
经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语,且都不止一个.例:The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.分析:主语:The methods;谓语:come into being;that a community devises to perpetuate itself为定语从句,修饰the methods;不定式to表示目的状语;that community perceives as essential为定语从句,修饰the cultural legacy。
译文:一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。
第二类:大段的插入与或同位语,打断读者的思路,割裂前后之间的语义,造成理解的困难。
我们称之为“打岔”。
例:Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality.分析:在浏览该句时,发现句子中出现了双逗号,其中间的内容rather than representations为插入语,浏览的时候先跳过。
新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文)1。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface,the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans,in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space。
(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光,而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力,深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境,在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1:Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2:hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4:in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures,分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语,修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是:原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分,但是本句其实不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2。
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大,就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
高考英语长句难句解析1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem hadbaffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. ( NMET2003.C 篇)这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难,包括一位法国女科学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。
简析:夹杂过去分词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及两个定语从句。
2.It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, althoughjust about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start workingovertime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.(NMET2003.E 篇)由于因特网的使用,计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的,然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你,当引进电子邮件后,打印机就开始超时工作。
英语长难句分析长句25个1. Although he was tired and hungry, John continued to work late into the night.分析:主句为John continued to work late into the night,although引导让步状语从句,he was tired and hungry为从句主语,tired和hungry为从句谓语补足语。
3. She couldn't find her keys, which she had left on the kitchen counter.分析:主句为She couldn't find her keys,which引导非限制性定语从句,she had left on the kitchen counter为从句谓语。
4. It was not until the storm had passed that the rescue team could begin their work.分析:主句为the rescue team could begin their work,it为形式主语,not until引导倒装的时间状语从句,the storm had passed为从句主语。
6. Having studied for many hours, he felt prepared for the exam.分析:主句为he felt prepared for the exam,having studiedfor many hours为现在分词短语作原因状语。
7. In order to succeed, you must work hard and never give up.分析:主句为you must work hard and never give up,in order to引导目的状语从句。
高考英语阅读长难句分析方法与实例一、长句难句是如何产生的1、分支多,短语多英语句子主干是构成五种基本句型的基础:这五种结构之所以为基本结构,因为这五种结构是构成英语语句子的主干,英语长句都是通过这五种基本结构演变而来的,掌握句子五种基本结构是分析和理解英语句子的基础。
英语句子的特点是除了词可以做句子成分外,短语和句子都可以做句子成分。
就算是一个单句,如果都是以短语为句子成分,再加上句子如果分支较多的话,也可以构成比较复杂的句子。
2、分句多,从句多英语复合句可分为并列复合句与从属复合句。
并列复合句是在结构和意思上都可以相互独立的两个或多个单句构成的复合句;从属复合句是一个句子做另外一个句子的句子成分,两个句子不可以相互独立成为句子,如果两个句子拆分会导致句子意思不完整,或句子成分残缺。
在英语复合句中特别是从属复合句,从句中还可以有从句或其它并列句,有些复合既有并列句,又有从属句。
复合句也是构成英语长句难句的重要原因。
二、长句难句的分析方法长句难句的分析方法可以概括为:先主句再从句,先主干再分支。
先主句再从句就是对有从句的长句难句,先不看从句,先找出句子的主句并分析主句的句子主干,再分析从句;先主干再分枝就是先分析主句与从句的句子主干,再分析句子的分枝,句子的分支主要是指定语和状语。
三、长句难句分析实例实例1:Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.本句是含有定语从句的复合句,根据先主句再从句的分析方法,我们先去掉从句(who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908),把句子简化为:Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.再根据先主干再分支,把句子分支(主语同位语a onetime British merchant-navy officer,时间状语before his 1914 voyage,目的状语to make money from movie and still photography)都去掉,进一步简化为:Shackleton started a business.那么这个句子的几层意思就很明确了①Shackleton何许人,a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908②做了什么事,Shackleton started a business③什么时间做的,其目的为何 before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography实例2:These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.本句也是含有定语从句的复合句,根据先主句再从句的分析方法,先去掉从句(which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.),再根据先主干再分支,把句子分支(offered by the modern French Republic过去分短语做定语)去掉简化为:These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle.那么这个句子表达了两层意思:①当地市民得在传统自给自足的狩猎生活与现在生活方式之间找平衡。
18个实例让你学会分析长难句,高中英语阅读理解满分必备!阅读是英语考试的重中之重,对英语阅读中的长难句理解是攻克阅读的有效方法。
本文将着重讲解高考英语阅读真题中的长难句,希望提高大家阅读能力。
长难句解题思路1. 首先寻找连词:连词包含并列连词,从属连词和关系词,并且依据连词将长句划分成短句;2. 依据五大句型基本结构,判断短句的句子成分。
注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词(现在分词,动名词,过去分词,不定式),明确句子的谓语动词,剥离定语,状语,从而确定句子的基本结构。
第1句:时间状语从句,定语从句When he returned, the boy was able to describe everything he had seen to the old man.长句分析:(1) when 引导的是时间状语从句;(2) he had seen: 是一个定语从句,修饰先行词everything. 由于定语从句缺少宾语,因此省略了关系代词that。
注意:先行词为不定代词everything时,关系代词不可使用Which;(3) to the old man: 是做动词describe的宾语补足语;(4) describe: 描述. Describe something to somebody : 向某人描述某物;长句翻译:当他回来时,这个男孩能向老人描述他所看到的一切。
第2句:目的状语从句,宾语从句The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.长句分析:(1) so that : 引导了一个目的状语从句,so 前面的句子是主句,that 后面的句子是目的状语从句;(2) what 引导的是it knows的宾语从句,充当knows的宾语,it 是指示代词,指代的是robot. What在宾语从句中充当do的宾语;(3) have to : 不得不;劝告或建议时用;表示一定真实或肯定发生;(4) have a way to do something : 拥有做某事的方法;长句翻译:机器人必须有一个特定的方式来接收程序,这样它才能知道它要做什么。
长难句突破【长难句的套路】插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语1找谓语,找定语一般情况下,一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语),我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。
而且,如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词,则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。
如:People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.【句意】二十一年来,象牙交易一直被明令禁止,人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎,导致大象数量减少。
【分析】that引导宾语从句,从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt,根据逻辑意义,可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。
变式1:People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting,which would lead to hurting elephant populations.[非限制性定语从句只用which不用that]变式2:People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting,leading to hurting elephant populations.[分词作结果状语]2提主干,去枝叶一般情况下,一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息,从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。
全国公共英语四级长难句集锦(一)2008-05-191) I was scared of leaving the protective bubble of this place for places unknown,during uncertain economic times.在经济不稳定的年代,我害怕离开这里的保护罩到未知的地方去。
2) You are the only one who can answer that,But what I can offer as guidance,and reassurance,is a story:the story of one Stanford graduate's process of stumbling and searching to find a place in the world,oftentimes in the face of her fears.你是仅仅一个可以回答这个问题的人,但是我能够讲一个故事为你提供引导使你放心:这是一位斯坦福大学毕业生在社会上摸爬滚打以争得一席之地的故事,尽管她一直面对恐惧。
3) The philosophics and ideologies themselves certainly left an impression on me.But the rigor of the distillation process,the exercise of refinement,that's where the real learning happened.这些哲理和思想的确给我留下了深刻印象,但严谨的提炼过程和不断的改进加工才是我真正学习到的东西.4)When you graduate from here,you exit with thousands of pages of personal text on which are inscribed beliefs and values shaped by years of education,familyinteractions,relationship,experience.当你从这里毕业时,你会带着数千页的个人纪录走出校门,在这些记录上,是你多年来受教育,家庭,社会关系以及个人经历影响而形成的信念和价值观.5)I had convinced myself that my analytic mind and my Stanford humanities degree were enough to guell the fear.我已确信我善于分析的头脑和斯坦福大学的人文学科的学位足以平息我的恐惧.6) We all know that normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleepalternating with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that,broadly speaking,the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.我们都清楚正常人每天的活动周期是大约7-8个小时睡眠和16-17个小时清醒轮流相互交替,我么也知道,一般来说,睡眠常在夜间进行。
7) The case ,for example,with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines.例如有种情况,自动化工厂要求持续24小时的机器运转,因此日夜颠倒上班成了一个越来越重要的问题。
8) This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another,so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.这说明他刚适应一种工作规律就又得转向另一种工作规律,因此在他大部分时间里,休息和工作的效率很低.9) One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift,a month,or even three months.一个解决的方法似乎是每次换班持续的时间长些,可以一个月甚至三个月换一次班.10) The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekends and holidays.唯一能解决问题的方法是将夜班交给一些长期从事夜间工作的人,,他们在周末和假期依然会保持警醒状态.11) The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire,although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.在人类文明发展的进程中,最初的两个阶段可能是原始武器的发明和火的发现,但没有人确切的知道,人类是在什么时候学会利用火的。
12) Animal have a few cries that serve as signals,but even the highest apes haven't been found able to pronounce words,even with the most intensive professional instructions.动物会发出几种叫声作为信号,然而人们发现,即使是最高级的猿经过强化的专业训练也不能说出话来。
13) Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practised.在农业繁荣的地区,农业的发展使当地人口的数量大幅度增长。
14) These inventions and discoveries---fire,speech,weapons,domesticanimals,agriculture and writing---made the existence of civilized communities possible.火,语言,武器,家禽,农业和文字的发明,使得文明社会有了存在的可能.15) There was progress---there were even two inventions of great importance,namely gunpowder and the mariner's compass---but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.进步是有的,有两项伟大发明,火药和航海指南针,但是,就其革命性而言,这两项发明都不能同语言,文字,和农业相比.16) Growth in electronic commerce is not a straight line trend---it come slowly at first,then accelerates rapidly.电子商务的发展并非一帆风顺,而是经历了缓慢起步才加速前进的。
17) Nonetheless,although it may take six years to reach sales of 1 trillion dollars,it won't take six more to reach 2 trillion,nor perhaps even two to expaned from 2 to 4 trillion dollars.尽管可能需要六年时间才能使销售收入达到1万亿美元,但是从1万亿到2万亿美元则不会再用六年时间,而从2万亿到4万亿美元甚至用不了两年时间.18) Electronic commence will turn the world into one giant shopping mall for products,services,and investments.电子商务将会把世界变成一个集提供产品,服务与投资与一体的大型购物中心。
19) By 2005,more than half of the average employees' working hours in advanced countries(like the United States and the United Kingdom)will be spent at home.到2005年,发达国家雇员的平均工作时间将有一半以上在家中度过。
20) Employees will be,figuratively speaking,in the driver's seat.打个比方来说,雇员将会坐在驾驶座上,即取得主动权。
21) My friend's daughter,Sarah,stood by me waiting her turn.我朋友的女儿莎拉站在我身边,等着轮到他。
22) I was the only adult present who prompted "What do you say?"When the clown handed Sarah her balloon.The clown beamed at us,grateful he had actually been acknowledged.当小丑把球递给莎拉时,我提醒她说:"你该说什么?"我是在场大人中唯一一个这么做的人.小丑微笑着看着我们,很感激有人对他表示谢意.23) And what they are seeing is a society focused solely on acquisition---be it another drink in a restaurant or a space on a crowded freeway---without ever stopping to thank the source.他们所看到的社会是一个完全专注于索取的社会——不管是饭馆还提供的一杯饮料还是高速公路上的一块空地——没有人停下来说声谢谢。