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英语语法:简单句

英语语法:简单句
英语语法:简单句

知识点:

1.简单句

概念:只有一套主谓系统的句子

组成:主干成分+修饰成分

2.主干成分含有主语、谓语或谓语动词、宾语、表语、补语

要特别注意表语和补语的概念:①表语:位于系动词之后的对主语的描述成分。Eg.she became a lawyer.解析:became在句中担任表语成分,因为它是一个系动词。②补语:用来补充主语和宾语的意义,一般都着重说明主语或宾语的特征,常由名词或形容词担任。Eg.his joke made me laugh.解析:laugh在句中担任补语成分,着重强调我在哭。

3.系动词的分类

①be动词(am,is,are)

②感官动词(feel,look,smell,sound,taste,seem)

③"变得"词(get,become,turn,grow)

④"保持"(keep,stay)

4. 组成主干成分的五种形式(主语用蓝色标示,谓语/系动词用红色,宾语用黄色,宾补用绿色,补语/表语紫色)

①主谓eg. The man cooked.

②主谓宾eg. They ate some apples

③主系表eg. The weather became warmer.

④主谓双宾eg. I showed her my photos.

⑤主谓宾宾补eg.we keep the table clean.(宾补的全称是宾语补足语,只要是跟在宾语后面的补语都是来修饰前面的宾语。)

5.修饰成分

包括定语、状语、同位语、插入语

①定语的含义:修饰名词,翻译成...的...的句子,前面的...是定语,后面的...是它要修饰的对象。比如: a famous American University.一个有名的美国大学,有名的famous就是定语,American University是修饰对象。

后置定语的类型:

②状语的含义:修饰动词、形容词、副词或一个句子

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3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.(形容词) The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语) I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式) 注意:1) 当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前; I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 We often help him.

He is always late for class. 7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.(形容词) She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式) The war made him a soldier.(名词) I find him at home.(介词短语) I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词) 8、同位语:同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一). 简单句五种基本句型: 句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:1、基本句型的词序:

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10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

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肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时,如句中有already,some,something,somebody等词,须分别改成yet,any,anything,anybody 等。 另外,也要注意,too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等。 2. 疑问句

3. 常用的特殊疑问句

4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时,“will you?”意为“请求”,“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句: Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问,用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句: What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时,用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句: I'm working now, aren’t I?

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(完整word版)高中英语强调句型练习

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