五大简单句
一、定义：句子中只有一个主语（或者并列主语），一个谓语动词（或者并列谓语）的叫做简单句。
二、类别
1.主语+谓语（不及物动词）
The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起
The class begins.
开始上课
2.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语
I like apples.
我喜欢苹果
He often helps me.
他经常帮助我
3.主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语
My mother bought me a bike.
我的妈妈给我买了一辆自行车
He gives his sister an apple.
他给他的妹妹一个苹果
4.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语
I find the book very interesting.
我发现那本书很有趣
He often makes us laugh.
他经常使我们笑
5.主语+系动词+表语
The film is interesting.
电影很有趣
The food tastes delicious.
食物尝起来很美味
三、句子成分
1.主语：句子中说明的人或事，即句子谈论的主题
可以充当主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、句子
1）The apple is big.（名词apple）
2）He likes reading（代词he）
3）Three hours is enough to do homework.（数词three）
4）Watching TV is my hobby.（动名词watching）
5）To get there is not easy.（不定式to get）
6）What you need is to get some sleep.（句子what you need）
2.谓语动词：说明主语的动作、状态、特征；由动词来充当，有人称、数、时态的变化。
可以充当谓语动词的有：be动词、动词原形、动词单三、动词过去时、情态动词+动词原形、助动词+动词原形、助动词+动词过去分词、be+过去分词
1）He is a worker.（be动词is）
2）He speaks English（单三speaks）
3）They like reading books.（原形like）
4）He worked in the factory two years ago（过去时worked）
5）He can dance.（情态动词can+dance）
6）I will see a film.（助动词will+see）
7）She has finished her homework.（助动词has+finished）
8）The book is writen by Moyan.（be动词is+writen）
3.宾语：动作的承受着
可以充当宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、句子
1）I like apples.（名词apples）
2）How many books do you need?
We need ten.（数词ten）
3）I like watching TV（动名词watching）
4）He wants to go home.（不定式to go）
5）He said he wanted to go home.（句子he wanted to go home）
4.表语：表示主语的性质、状态、特征
可以充当表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词
1）He is a teacher.（名词a teacher）
2）One and one is two.（数词two）
3）Who did this?It’s him.（代词him）
4）The food smells delicious.（形容词delicious）
5）The book is on the desk.（介词短语on the desk）
6）To see is to believe.（不定式to believe）
7）His hobby is collecting stamps.（动名词collecting）
8）My bike is broken（过去分词broken）
5.宾语补足语：对宾语的补充说明，说明宾语的身份、状态，和宾语在逻辑上有主谓关系。
可以充当宾补的有：名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语
1）We call him Tom.（名词Tom）
2）She makes me happy（形容词happy）
3）He tells me to go home.（不定式to go）
4）I hear someone singing.（现在分词singing）
5）I found my book at home.（介词短语at home）
6.定语：修饰限定名词或代词
可以充当定语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、动名词、分词、不定式、定语从句
1）He is a Chinese teacher.（名词Chinese）
2）He is our teacher（代词our）
3）This is the third book.（数词third）
4）That is a good car.（形容词good）
5）The man over there is our teacher.（副词over there做后置定语）
6）The girl in red is my sister.（介词in red做后置定语）
7）This is a swimming pool.（动名词swimming）
8）The man standing there is Mr Brown.（现在分词做后置定语）
9）The house built last month is broken.（过去分词built做后置定语）
10）I have a lot of homework to do .（to do做后置定语）
11）I know the man who is over there.（句子Who is over there）
简单句的五种基本结构 正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。 英语五种基本句型结构如下： 主语谓语 用符号表示为： ①ＳＶ（主＋谓） ②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） ③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） ④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） ⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 主语（subject）谓语（predicate） 宾语（object）定语（attribute） 状语 (adverbial) 补语（complement） 表语（predicative） 考点1.基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。如: It is raining now. (ＳＶ) We’ve worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ) The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ) Time flies. (ＳＶ) 考点2.基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。 She likes English. We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 练习1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1.People all over the world speak English. 2.Jim cannot dress himself. 3.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 4.He did not know what to say. 5.He just wanted to stay at home. 6.He practices speaking English every day. 考点3.基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“展示”。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 如：He gave me a cup of tea. (ＳＶｏＯ) She bought me some books. (ＳＶｏＯ) 若直接宾语为人称代词，通常不能放在后面。如： 不能说 Bring me it, please.而要说Bring it to me, please. 有时候为了强调间接宾语，把间接宾语放到后面，于是就构成了： 动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词（to或for）+ 间接宾语。 He gave a cup of tea to me. She bought some books for me. Show this house to Mr. Smith. 常跟双宾语的及物动词有： c一般用to多些，用for的记住常用的三个就行：get, buy, make。 He got an English-Chinese Dictionary for me. She bought a book for John. My uncle made a kite for me. 练习2.分析下列句子成分，口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。 1.She ordered herself a new dress. 2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3.He brought you a dictionary.
初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数
形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→ a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○） 一张旧课桌 关键字：初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。 2.复数
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题 一、句子成份 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： Country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 1)简单谓语： We study for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.. 3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。 My sister is a nurse. Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） It began to rain.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him our monito r(班长). 5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him David.（名词） They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） 6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词）
初中英语语法大全 最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/9216647266.html, 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at nigh t I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
教学讲义
三、主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P) [例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。 3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。 4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。 7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO) [例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。 3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。 4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。 5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常
基本句型： 所谓基本句型就是句子结构的基本“格局”，也就是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。正是这种有限的分句结构雏形及其转化形式，能够衍生出无限的实际使用中的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五种：1．主—动—补(SVC)结构(主系表结构)：在SVC结构中，谓语动词通常是连系动词(linking verb) be的各种形式。 S: subject 主语V: verb 谓语动词C: complement 补语 例句： That car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer(工程师). These flowers smell (are) fragrant(芳香的). All the tourists (游客) seemed pleased. 2. 主—动(SV)结构：在SV结构中，谓语动词通常是不及物动词(intransitive verb)。 例句： Iron rusts (生锈). You suck! Everything sucks! Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices (价格) are going down. The children are sleeping.
3. 主—动—宾(SVO)结构 O: object 宾语 在SVO结构中，谓语动词通常是及物动词(transitive verb)，随后必须跟宾语，带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词”。 例句： I want a return ticket (返程票). Liverpool (利物浦队) 【S】won 【V】the game【O】. Nobody could answer the question. The train is building up speed (加速). The plane (飞机) is losing altitude (降低高度). 4．主—动—宾—宾(SVoO)结构 在SVoO结构中，及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语（间接宾语和直接宾语），这种动词又叫做“双宾语及物动词”。 o: 间接宾语（一般指人）O：直接宾语（一般指物） 例句： I gave you a book. (I gave a book to you) I sent him a telegram (电报). (I sent a telegram to him) Mary lent (出借) me her car. (Mary lent her car to me) David showed (展示，出示，指出) me the way. (David showed the way to/for me.) Someone left you this note (字条，便条). (Someone left this note to you.)
初中英初中英语语法专项练习十五——倒装句 1). _______, the most interesting to Tom is collecting antique coins(古币)。 A.All the hobbies B.The hobbies C. Of all the hobbies D. It is the hobbies 2）. “You got to know her here, didn't you?” “No, It was I came to know her.” A. in the university B. in the university that C. in the university where D. the university where 3). “Did all the students in the class pass the exam?” “No,_______only the top five students who did.” A. there is B. it were C. there was D. it was 4). It wasn't unitil Lao Wang criticized him . A. where he became aware of his mistake B. when his mistake became obvious C. that did he realize his mistake D. that he became aware of his mistake 5). _____________you want me to do? A. What is this B. What is it C. Is it that D. Is this that 6). It was we decided to return home earlier than planned. A. because cheap accommodation was hard to get B. because cheap accommodation was hard to get which C. cheap accommodation was hard to get so D. cheap accommodation was hard to get that 7).___________is how we're going to pay for all this. A. That worries me B. Which worries me C. It worries me D. What worries me 8). Money,__________ , has been the least of our worries. A. important though it is B. so important it is C. important if it is C. it is important though 9). ___________do such a thing. A. Under no circumstances(环境、情况) I will B. Under all circumstances I will C. Under no circumstances will I D. Under all circumstances will I 10). Not until everyone is seated . A. the lesson will begin B.when the lesson will begin C. that the lesson will begin D. will the lesson begin 11). Not only what to do, but he also lent me the money. A. he advised me B. did he advise me C. does he advise me C. he advises me 12). Hardly ________his mother when he ran to her. A. had the child seen B. the child had seen C. the child saw D. did the child see 13). So badly did he write the letter___________ . A. when I couldn't read it B. as I couldn't read it C. so I couldn't read it D. that I couldn't read it 14). Only by traveling extensively(广泛地)_______your horizons(视野). A. can you broaden B. you can broaden C. therefore you can broaden D. you will broaden 15). Nowhere else in the world _____more primitive mammals(原始的哺乳动物) than in Australia. A. you can find B. has been found C. can you find D. you have found 16). Look! ___________________________ A. Here the bus comes B. Here comes the bus C. Comes here the bus D. The bus comes here 17).Not a sound ________ while the general was speaking. A. the soldiers utter(发出声音) B. the soldiers uttered C. did the soldiers uttered D. did the soldiers utter 18). No sooner was she back at home_________ she realized her mistake. A. that B. as C. when D. than 19). Many a time __________given me good advice. A. has Lao Li B. Lao Li has C. will Lao Li D. would Lao Li 20). Not for one minute______that I have any hope of getting the job, but I might as well try. A. I think B. I am thinking C. do I think D. have I thought
简单句的五种基本结构 简单句是由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。简单句的谓语部分包括谓 语动词及宾语、宾语补足语、表语等不同句子成分，不同谓语动词的不同组合形成简单句的基本句型。 一、主语 +连系动词 +表语 1.这一句型中的连系动词除be 之外，主要有一下几类： (1)感官系动词： feel( 感到，摸起来 ), look( 看起来 ), taste （尝起来） , sound （听起来） , smell （闻起来） ①这衣服是丝绸织的，摸上去很柔软。②这花闻起来很香。 (2) 渐变类系动词：become( 变得，成为 ), come （成为，变为）, fall（变得）, get（变得）, go （变为；成为）, grow （变得） , turn（变得） ①我弟弟已经成为一个着名作家。 ②他的梦想变成了现实。 ③听到这个消息，那女孩的脸变红了。 (3)保持类系动词： keep（保持） , remain （依然） , stay （保持）①请 保持安静。 ②你能告诉我保持年轻的秘诀吗 ③冬天这座山依然是绿的。 ④ 他一直在这个学校当了二十年的老师。 2.表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、部分副词、数词、介词等来充当。如： ①他是个化学家。 ②这些铅笔是我的。 ③他的讲话既长又令人厌烦。 ④孩子们出去了。 二、主语 +不及物动词 1.本句型的不及物动词是表意动词，在句中作谓语，说明主语的行动、状态或心理活动。有时态变化，人称和数要和主语保持一致。 常见的不及物动词有 agree, arrive, burn, come, dance, die, fall, fly, go, hurry, jump, leave （离开） , listen, live,look, move, play, rest,ring, rise, run, shout,sit, skate, smile, snow, speak, stand, stay, stop, swim, travel, talk, try, wait, walk, work, worry等 (1)月亮升起来了。 (2)我的表停了。 (3)老师还没有到。 可以在这一句型后加上时间、地点等状语，使句意更具体。例如： (4)他是昨天来的。 (5)昨天晚上雨下得很大。 (6)他走了。 (7)他们走了五英里。 (8)他说话不太多。 三、主语 +及物动词 +宾语 这个句型中的宾语常见的有以下四种形式： 1.名词、代词 我们都喜欢这个音乐会。 2.动词不定式 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有 agree , allow, beg, decide , expect, fail , force , hope , learn, permit, persuade, plan, prepare , promise, refuse , want, warn, wish , would like , should love等动词（短语）。
简单句的五种基本句型 只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句有五种基本句型结构： ★主语+谓语(S+V) 谓语是不及物动词，其后可加副词、介词短语等。例如： They sat together quietly. 他们静静地坐在一起。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。 ★主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) 谓语是及物动词，宾语通常是名词、代词、动词不定式、V-ing形式等。例如： He doesn’t like the movie. 他不喜欢这部电影。 Do you know them, Li Ming? 李明，你认识他们吗？ ★主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, turn, get等，表语通常是形容词、名词、代词等。例如： Your new watch looks very nice. 你的新手表看起来很漂亮。 That sounds a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。 ★主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+InO+DO) 某些动词后的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，如：give, lend, pass, show, send等；某些动词后的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，如：buy, choose, cook, make, sing等。例如：Can you pass me the book? = Can you pass the book to me? 你能把书递给我吗？ She sang us an English song. = She sang an English song for us. 她为我们唱了一首英语歌。★主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) 这类谓语动词主要有find, keep, feel, wish, think, name, call, ask, advise, teach, want, notice 等。宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态，通常是形容词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语等。例如： He found his new job very interesting. 他发现他的新工作很有趣。 Mr. Li asked us to write a report. 李老师让我们写一份报告。 即时操练 ( ) 2. Can you lend me your dictionary? ( ) 3. Mum is cooking in the kitchen. ( ) 4. Danny made all of us laugh.
简单句的五种基本结构 众所周知，英语在进行交流时离不开句子，用句子表达时离不开一定的规则：有了一定的规则，我们才能学到规范的英语，才能讲出地道的英语；有了规范化的语句，才能产生新的句子；只有规则系统化、规范化，才有助于语言知识的吸收、掌握和信息的分析、理解。所以，学好初中所学过的简单句的五种基本结构，对于提高自己的听、说、读、写、译能力至关重要。 一、简单句常见的五种基本结构 1.主＋谓 2.主＋系＋表 3.主＋谓＋宾 4.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 5.主＋谓＋宾＋宾补 二、对于各个基本结构，初中要求掌握的知识有： 1.主＋谓例如：I went to school at 7：00. 主谓状这一结构中的动词为不及物动词，其后没有宾语。 2.主＋系＋表例如：The food smells delicious. 主系表 1）常见的连系动词： a.be； b.look，sound，smell，taste，feel，seem等；（要用主动表被动） c.become，get，turn，grow，fall等； d.keep，stay等。 2）只能作表语的形容词：alone，asleep， afraid，alive，ill等。 3）look与seem的区别 a.look是“貌似”之意，指凭视觉作出判断； b.seem是“似乎”“好像”之意，表示根据一定线索对某事物作出判断； c.look like不能换为seem like； d.seem可接不定式，且可转换为It seems／seemed that.。。结构，而look不能。 3.主＋谓＋宾 例如：He hopes to fly to the moon. 主谓宾 1）只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词： want，hope，wish，would like，decide，agree，ask， can't wait等； 2）只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词： mind，enjoy，keep，finish，can't help等； 3）既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且有区别的常见动词： a.remember to do.。。记住要做……（还未做） remember doing.。。记得做了……（已做过） b.forget to do.。。忘了做……（还未做） forget doing.。。忘了做过……（已做过） c.stop to do.。。停下来去做…… stop doing.。。停止做…… d.go on to do.。。接下来去做…… go on doing.。。继续做…… e.try to do.。。尽力做…… try doing.。。试着做……（看有无结果） f. mean to do 。。打算做…… mean doing。。意味着…… g. lean to do。。。学着做…… learn doing。。学会了做…… 4）既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且无区别的常见动词：begin，start，like，love， hate等。 4.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾例如：He gave me a pen. 主谓间宾直宾 1）这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后，但间宾前需加介词to（对象）或for（目的）； 例如：They lent the bike to the boy. 主谓直宾间宾 2）需在间宾前加to的常见动词有：give，show，send，bring，pass，lend，tell，teach等； 3）需在间宾前加for的常见动词有：make，buy，do，cook，sing，find等； 4）最好用主＋谓＋直宾＋间宾结构的情况： a.当直接宾语是人称代词时：例如：I'll send it to you.
苏教版初中英语语法 (2012-10-05 10:03:32) ▼ 标签： 杂谈 中考复习系列一词汇 一、中考对词汇的考查主要集中在以下几个方面： 1、能正确拼写大纲词汇表中的常用单词； 2、掌握大纲词汇表中所列全部单词的词文，并了解其词类（词性）； 3、了解构词法的基本知识，并根据此知识判断常用词的合成词与派生词的词义和词类，例如：drive – driver, use – useful； 4、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语；正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语； 5、理解词类转化，例如：water (n.) – water (v.) 二、词汇考查点分项说明： 1、掌握大纲词汇表，了解词类 1）大纲词汇表中所列的词汇基本上为1至6册课本中所列的四会单词（即书后单词表中不带任何符号的单词）。要求同学们把所列单词的词义完全掌握。在此基础上，了解其词类（词性）。尤其注意要在情景中运用该词，而不是孤立地去记忆某个单词。 2）针对大纲词汇表中的常用单词，一定要能做到正确拼写。该项知识常以单词拼写的形式来考查学生，但一般无难题，基本属于送分题。出题围主要是大纲中的一、二级词汇，也有可能出现非大纲词汇，但一般为常用词汇，尽管不在大纲中出现，却通常在课文中出现过。请看以下几道例题： 1. Shanghai is a large c t in China. 2. Adam often helps me a lot. He is my best f nd. 3. I can’t carry the box. It’s too h v . 4. The man is very poor. He had no m n to buy food. 5. ---How often do you play football? --- Tw a week. 6. My grandparents like growing flowers. They w t the flowers everyday. 7. Summer is the hottest s son in the year. 8. --- Can you sp the word? --- Yes. T-A-B-L-E, table. 9. He was so excited that he could n’t f l asleep last night. 10. Everyone had a good time at the party. It was a p_ _ _ s _ _ _ evening. ( Key 1. city 2. friend 3. heavy 4. money 5. twice 6. water 7. season 8. spell 9. fall 10. pleasant ) 3）了解英文的词类： 英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。共有十类：名词、代词、数词类英语名称（简称）意义例词 名词Nouns (n.) 表示人、事物时间、 地点或抽象概念的名 John room
简单句 一、1. 五种基本句型 1. S+ V 即：主语+不及物动词 My head aches. Everybody laughed. 不及物动词加一个介词后构成的动词短语可以加宾语。如：agree with lie in, work at, belong to, come across, to etc. 2、S+ V+ P 即：主语+连系动词+表语 English is very easy. He looks tired. 常见的系动词（link v. ）有be, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell grow, get, fall ill / asleep, stand / sit still , become, turn etc. 3、S+ V+ O 即：主语+及物动词+宾语 She likes the flowers. Dad bought a car. 4、S+ V + INO + DO即：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语常见的须带双宾语的动词有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn etc. He told her the news. = He told the news to me. My father bought me a bike. = My father bought a bike for me. 5、S+ V+ O + OC 即：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。常见的动词有find, make, leave, get ,see, etc. He told me to stay home. The smell made him sick. 说明：上述各例都简化到了最低限度，在此基础上，我们可以加上一些修饰成分使句子变得更复杂，表达更丰富的内容。如： In fact, English is very easy to teach. She likes the flowers very much. He told her the news on the home. 二、疑问句 1. 一般疑问句：Do you like reading novels? 2. 特殊疑问句： Mom is coming. What present do you expect she has got for your birthday. 3. 选择疑问句: Will you stay home or go sightseeing on National Day?