工商管理专业英语重点
一．名词解释：
1.what is a manager?
答： A manager is a person who plans,organizes,directs,and controls the allocation of human ,material,financial,and information resources in pursuit of the organization’s goals.
2.What is the difference between middle managers and first-line managers?
答：The heavier emphasis onmanaging group performance and allocating resources represent the most important differences between first-line ang middle managers.
3.How can you characterize top-managers’ work?
答：Top managers spend most of their day(over 75 percent) planning and leading.pressures and demands on top managers can be intense.
4.What is the one of natural outcomes of outsourcing?
答：Modular corporations come into being.
二．选词填空
1.Adrian was in charge of the allocation of available funds.
2.Our firm is oriented towards the export side of the business.
3.The on-time delivery of goods is required in the contract.
4.The graphic display s will be heloful to illustrate the increase of the output.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0115448886.html,panies cannot survive fierce competition without innovative personnels.
6.Keeping the accounts is part and parcel of my job.
7.The CEO and other high-level executives are often referred to as top management.
8.The tasks that managers do include planning,organizing,leading,andcontrolling the work of an organization.
9.Functional managers supervise employees having expertise in one area,such as accounting,humanresources,sales,finance,marketing,or production.
10.general managers are responsible for the operations of a more complex unit,such as a company or a division.
11.He carried out a number of frauds on trusting people who lent him money..
12.He would not havesucceeded in such a risky business if he had not been such a clever entrepreneur.
13.They could not tell the commcnding officer from his subordinates.
14.The two old rivals vie for the frist place.
15.Some people cannot be trusted to work wihout supervision.
16.Half of the medical supplies have already been allocated to the victims of the earthquake.
17.Can you differentiate this kind of rose from the others?
18.The factory has laid off workers because of the drop in sales.
19.They were blame for their failure to hold down expenditure.
20.The company has slashed the costs of the project in order to seize the last chance to survive.
21.The company is try ing to diversify its range of products so that they can get more market shares.
22.Mr. Black realized that his company was in dire straits and it went bey ond him to deal with the whole situation.
23.Tom, my next door neighbor, is exempt form military service because of his poor health.
24.With the economic environment improved , his company’s sale in that area is getting less susceptible to the crisis.
25.Mr.White declared that he was not liable for his partner’s debts.
26.The employ ees sued their manager for breach of contract.
27.If we cannot keep on holding the edge in the services, we’ll lose our share in market.
28.Nowaday s, the manufacturing industry cannot make do without services.
29.To merge or not to merge—that’s the question. The board of the company has deferred the decision to do it.
30.A country’s infrastructure services must develop with its economic growth because no advanced society can be without these services.
31.
三．翻译
英译汉：
1.Sometimes, though, a first-line manager is a recent college graduate who is responsible for the work of both hourly employees and professionals. Such a first-line manager is likely to have little hands-on experience. Lack of experience isn’t a problem if the new manager is willing to learn and has the competence to communicate with diverse ty pes of people , to coach and counsel subordinates, and to provide constructive constructive feedback. 答;然而有时一个第一线经理是新来的大学毕业生，负责管理计时雇员和专业人员的工作。这样的第一线经理可能很少有亲身的经验。缺少经验不一定是麻烦，但这要求新经理乐于学习，并且有能力和不同类型的人打交道，培训和指导下属，并提供建设性的反馈。
2.managers and acquisitions兼并与收购
3.corporate restructuring公司重组
4.downsizing缩编
5.outsourcing decision外包决策
6.modular corporation组件公司
7.unit cost of production单位生产成本
8.strategic alliance 战略联盟
9.overhead管理费用https://www.doczj.com/doc/0115448886.html,petitive advantage竞争优势https://www.doczj.com/doc/0115448886.html,work form of organization网络型组织（结构）
汉译英
1.社团community
2.首席执行官chief executive officer
3.常务董事managing director
4.流行价格
prevailing price5.监督员supervisor6.市场份额market share7.计算机程序员computer programmer8.管理能力managerial competency9.保险业务员insurance agent10.资源配置allocation of resources11.
新闻广播员newscaster12.任务小组task force13.销售合作人sales associate14.收入，税收revenue15.
管理，管理人员management16.工作框架work setting17.电话营销中心telemarketing center18.顾客投诉customer complaint19.业绩评价标准evaluation criteria for performance20.具体运作计划specific operational plans21.分派权力与责任delegate authority and responsibility22.协调进度与资源coordinate schedules and resources23.商务合作人business associate24.财务崩溃financial debacle25.刺激业务增长spur the growth of the business26.监督现场工作supervise on-site work27.生物芯片混合了计算机技术和生物科学，是通过新网络企业创造的最令人兴奋的产品中的一种。利用计算机能力的优越来处理大量的信息，生物芯片被开发用来扫描人的基因构成和分析与各种基因转换疾病相关的风险。Biochips, which blend company technology with biological science, are among the most exciting products being created through new network organizations. T aking advantage of a computer’s ability to process massive amounts of information, biochips are being developed to scan people’s genetic makeups and analy ze risks associated with various genetically transmitted diseases.
28.世界经济 a global economy29.经济模式the economic model30.工业化经济an industrialized
economy31.自给自足self-sufficient32.银行业a banking industry33.提高生活质量enhance the quality of life34.经济活动的核心the hub/heart of economic activity35.商务服务业business services36.销售服务业trade services37.基础实施服务业infrastructure services38.社会服务业social/personal services39.公共管理服务业public services 40.电子零售业electronic retailing41.商店结账终端point-of-sale terminal42。公司总部corporate headquarters43.财务收益、盈利financial rewards44.多种形式服务an assortment of services45.分销、销售渠道distribution channel46.建筑承包商building contractors47.运输成本transportation costs48.非商店零售non-store retail sales49.商品直销the direct sales of the merchandise50.
纵向整合vertical integration51.目标销售catalog sales52.年销售额annual sales 53.零售贸易retail trades54.（备有）现货products available
55.Consumers are more and more knowledgeable demanding better value and service.(消费者越来
越会买东西)
56.Retailing is becoming a high-tech business.(正在变成一种高科技企业)
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0115448886.html,puter programs analyze the data and then automatically transmit orders to the
retailers.(分析数据并自动把定货指令传给零售商)
58.Retail managers must make complex decisions in selecting target markets, locating stores,
determining what merchandise and service to offer.(选择目标市场，确定店址，决定提供何种商品和服务)
59.Dell computer views direct-mail retailing skills as the key to its success.(把直接邮购零售技术
视为其成功的关键)
四、判断正误
1、A manageris a person who plans,organizes,directs,and controls the allocation of human ,material,financial,and information resources in pursuit of the manager’s individual goals. (F)
2.While achieving the organizational goals, managers must perform moretasks by themselves. (F)
3.Effective managers must pay attention to what goes on both inside and outside their organizations.(T)
4.The job of managers is to help the organizations achieve specific goals,but usually they do not create any goals.(F)
5.In a small orgain ,nization,there is usually only one level of management. As an organization grows, more levels of management are needed.(T)
6.Middle managers receive broad, general strategies and policies from top managers and translate them into specific goals and plans for first-line managers to implement.(T)
7.Top managers are responsible for directing and cooedinating the activities of first-line managers and middle managers.(F)
8.Middle managers spend more time on planning and organizing than first-line managers.(F)
9，A wholesaler is the final business in a distribution channel that links manufactureers with consumers.(F)
10.Breaking bulk is to keep inventory so that products will be available when consumers want them.(F)
11,Vertical integration means that a firm preforms only one level of activity but organizing the other firms in the disyribution channel.(F)
12.Retailing is one of the nation’s largest induetries in terms of employment.(T)
13.relationship-oriented leaders are more effective when the situation is highly unfavourable.(F)
14.the set of formal tasks and formal reporting relationship provides a framework for horizon control of the organization .(F)
15.unity of command means that each employee is held accountable to not only one supervisor.(F)
16.staff authority means that people in management positions have formal authority to direct and control immediate subordinates.(F)
17.decentralization means that decision authority it located near the top of the organization.(F)
第六章
选词
1. As top manager of the company,if you do not assign line-managers’responsibility to the plan,y ou will reach no goal.
2.Theinspector was interested in ereything pertaining to quality appraisal.
3.One of the most important points to make achievements in business is to energize front-line workers.
目标管理management by objectives 一次性计划a single-use plan 常备计划a standing plan 应变计划a contingency plan 企业目标corporate goals 计划时间范围planning time horizon业绩评估系统performance appraisal sy stem应急预算emergency budget灵活性与适应性flexibility and adaptability安全认定系统sy stem of safety recognition基层部门监督者line supervisor表彰信a letter of commendation
英译
development an action制定行动计划develop safety training session开安全生产培训课/办····班develop a line of thought 展开思路develop front-line employees培养一线工人develop an interest inmanagement对管理产生develop the national economy 发展国民经济develop the company’s business扩展公司业务develop one’s idea（详细）阐述观点develop a new device研制一个新装置develop the region in the west China开发建设中国西部地区
第七章
填词
The subordinates refused to comply with the manager’s demand because it’s not at all practical。
A good manager is person who can harness individual talents to a common end。
No one can make the business go smooth only by issuing orders。
An unbroken line of authority that links all individuals in the organization and specifies who reports to whom is named as chain of command。
Delegation is the process managers use to transfer authority and responsibility to positions below them in the hierarchy。
Tall structure is a kind of management structer characterized by an overall narrow span of management and a relatively large number of hierarchical levels。
Flat structer is a management structure characteriged by an overall broad span of control and relatively sew hierarchical levels。
Formalization is the written documentation used to direct and control employ ees。
英译汉
Deploy resources有效的使用资源hierarchical levels层级span of managers’control经理的管理职权范围effective coordination有效的协调vertical control of the organization组织机构的纵向管理an automobile assembly line 汽车组装(流水)线chain of command指令链delegate authority分权meet customers’ needs满足消费者的需求line department 业务部门staff department职能部门issue orders发布命令
第八章
填词
Subordinates should have some say in the management of the business。
The employ ees in Jack’s company have regular access to the boss to air their opinions。
Participator y democracy is something that subordinates enjoy in management decision-making。
英译汉
Position power 职位权利legitimate power法理权利reward power奖赏权利coercive power惩罚权利personal power个性化权利expert power专业技能权利referent power禀性相关权利charismatic leadership 个人魅力型领导autocratic leader独断/专断型领导democratic leader民主型领导authoritarian management 极权型管理centralizeauthority集权
第十四章
汉译英
1市场营销组合marketing mix 市场细分研究segmentation research 市场导向marketing orientation目标市
场target marketing描述功能descriptive function诊断功能diagnostic function预测功能predictive function生产导向活动production-oriented exercises前控管理proactive management后控管理reactive management市场信息反馈过程marketing intelligence feedback process市场营销系统marketing sy stem
1.If they want their business to run well , managers should develop a long-run marketing strategy。（制定长期
市场营销策略）
2.Some organization haven’t conducted much marketing research ，which causes them lose the market share。
（失去市场份额）
3.Heavy coupon users are most likely to redeem the coupons.（用赠券兑换产品）
4.The companies who increase their market share are those who are really understand and meet consumers’
need.(了解并满足消费者需求)
5.It makes much difference for a firm to improve the bottom line.(改善盈利状况)
填词
1.three y ears ago ，the board of directors made that decision to computerize the whole company including all
the branches。And now this is paying dividend
2.the marketing research enables the firm to make their promotion more efficient and their consumers more
acquainted with the brands ，retail outlets , etc.
3.As CEO, Mr. Smith alway s ignores the side issues and addresses himself to the main problems in
management。
4.Mr. Carter alway s takes a pragmatic approach to problems . That’s the very reason why he was appointed to
the post of sales director.
判断
1.Market research is the primary tool for exploring new opportunities in the marketplace.(T)
2.To describe the historic ales trend and consumers’ attitudes toward a product and its advertising is the
diagnostic function of marketing research.(F)
3.Few organization will prosper in today’s environment without a focus on quality，continual improvement，
and customer satisfaction.(T)
4.Steady customers are hard to serve because they understand the modus operandi and make fewer demands
on employees’ time.(F)
5.Applied research hopes to provide further confirmation to an existing theory or to learn more about a
concept or phenomenon.（F）
第十五章
汉译英
人力资源管理human resource management竞争优势competitive advantage员工投诉系统employ ee grievance sy stem达到企业目标meet the organization’s objective全权负责have sole responsibility for 业绩评估体系performance appraisal sy stem招聘与筛选recruitment and selection灵活工作时间制flexible scheduling 成本有效性cost effectiveness 成本领先战略cost leadership strategy 产品差别化product differentiation 岗位培训on-the-job training 纪律执行程序disciplinary procedures 激励计划incentive plan
填词
1.An HR professional play s a role in establishing NRM procedures,developing|choosing HRM methods,
monitoring|evaluating HRM practices and advising|assisting managers on HRM-related matters.
2.An organization must gain and maintain an edge over its competitor in order to succeed.
3.Line manager might do something like interviewing job applicants,recommending salary increases and
settling grievance issues.
4.Product differentiation occurs when a firm produces a product or service is preferred by buy ers.
北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统 一考试 2011.11.05 Part I Reading Comprehension （30%） Directions ：There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ，B ，C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage： The reflective towers of New York City ，which is on the Atlantic migrating （迁徙的）route ，can be deadly for birds. “We live in an age of glass，” said https://www.doczj.com/doc/0115448886.html,urel ，an architect.（76）“ It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights ，and the larger the glass，the more dangerous it is.” About 90，000 birds are killed by flying into building in the city each year. Often ，they strike the lower levels of glass towers after searching for food in nearby parks. Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds, after habitat （栖息地）loss, with an estimated number of death ranging up to a billion a year. （77）As glass office and apartment towers have increased in the last decade, so, too, have calls to make them less deadly to birds. San Francisco adopted bird-safety standard for new building in July. The United States Green Building Council , a nonprofit industry group that encourages the creation of environmentally conscious buildings , will introduce a bird-safety credit this as part of its environmental certification process. There are no easy fixes , however. A few researchers are exploring glass designs that use ultraviolet （紫外线的）signals, but they are still in their infancy. Covers, dot patterns, shades and net are the main options available. Often , only one section of a building needs to be changed. “ You don‘ t necessarily have to treat every window ,” https://www.doczj.com/doc/0115448886.html,urel said. “ It would be too expensive to do the whole building. ” The Jacob Convention Center, which has been undergoing alterations , is the most recent building to voluntarily correct the problem of bird crashes. The architects used less reflective glass and dot patterns. 1. What is the main idea of the passage？ A. New York is a city of glass towers. B. Glass tower are dangerous for migrating birds. C. New York adopted new safety standards for buildings. D. Glass towers are a new trend in the United States. 2. What is the number one cause of death for migrating birds？ A. Climate change B. Habitat loss C. Lack of food D. Crashing into buildings. 3. What does the word “fixes” in the third paragraph probably mean ？ A. Choices B. Explanations C. Solutions D. Developments 4. ___ are used in the alteration of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center. A. Dot patterns B. Shades C. Nets D. Covers 5. Which of the fowling statements is TRUE according to the passage？ A. In many cases, the whole building needs to be altered to prevent bird crashes. B. The Jacob K.Javits Convention Center is the first building to deal with the problem of bird crashes. C. About 90 , 000 birds are killed due to habitat loss in New York City each year. D. Unfortunately , glass designs that use ultraviolet signals are still in their early stages. Passage 2 Question 6 to 10 are based on the fowling passage： Today‘s students have grown up hearing more about Bill Gates than F.D.R. , and they live in a world where amazing innovations （革新）are common. The current 18-year-olds, after all, were 8 when Google was founded by two students at Stanford；Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004 while he was Harvard and they were entering high school. Having grown up digital （数字的）, they are impatient to get on with life. The easiest way to find kids like these is to check in on entrepreneurship （企业家才能）education , in which colleges and universities try to prepare their students to recognize opportunities and seize them. A report published last year by the Kauffman Foundation , which finances programs to promote innovation on campuses, noted that more than 50, 000 entrepreneurship programs are offered on two-and four-year campuses—up from just 250 courses in 1985. Lesa Mitchell , a Kauffman vice president, says that the foundation is extending the reach of its academic influence , which used to be found only in business schools. Now , the concept of entrepreneurship is blooming in engineering programs and medical school , and even in the liberal arts. “Our interest is the programs ,” she says. “ We need to spread out from the business school.” Either as class projects or on their own , students in a variety of majors are coming up with ideas, writing business plans and seeing them through to prototype and , often, market. In their spare time , students in agricultural economics at Purdue invent new uses for bean ；industrial design majors at Syracuse, in special laboratory , create wearable technologies. （78）The entrepreneurship movement has its critics , especially among those who see college as a time for extensive academic exploration. “I just don ‘t think that entrepreneurship ranks so high in terms of national need ,” says Daniel S.Greenberg, author of Science for sale：The perils, Rewards and Delusions of Campus Capitalism. Leonard A.Schlesinger , Babson College‘s president, says that the question of whether innovation can really be taught is “ an age-old argument” 6. When Google and Facebook were established , the founders were still ____ . A. in high school B. in the army C. in primary school D. at college 7. According to the passage, what is the main purpose of entrepreneurship education ？ A. To prepare students for future academic life
市场营销：概论 在过去的一百多年中，市场营销作为一项商业职能，其职责和概念有了长足的发展。最初，市场营销活动仅仅关注如何完成商业交换，即让顾客去买东西。通常一些较大的商业力量经常自己完成销售活动。在美国，在这些商业力量的影响下，销售过程的发展可以分为几个时期。Perreault和McCarthy 总结为以下五个时期（1）简单贸易时期（2）产品时期（3）销售时期（4）市场营销部门时期（5）市场营销公司时期。为了了解现代市场营销在美国商业中如何发挥作用，回顾每个时期的销售行为是很有帮助的。在讨论其发展过程后，将可以依据它在美国商业行为中的运做而提出一个现代市场营销的定义。 在简单贸易时期，通常“制造商”是专门生产一种或几种产品的乡村家庭。这些产品通常是农作物或牲畜，但是他们可以是使用简单的手工工具来完成的技艺。剩余的产品就卖给或以实物交换给当地的中间商，这些中间商又寻找更远的顾客来出售他们收集来的产品。这个时期在西方社会持续了几百年。此外，这个时期的中间人的活动范围都比较大。举个例子，文艺复兴时期的意大利特别是威尼斯商人，从印度、中国和东南亚进口商品。这些商人是这个简单贸易时期运作最成功的商人。 当19世纪末，工业革命在欧洲兴起的时候，美国开始发展起来，这时产品时期也取代了简单的贸易时期。产品时期最明显的特征就是机器使用率的提高和新的组织技术的发展，这些大大促进了产品数量的增加。因此有很多商品都能以较低的价格提供给更多的顾客，从而也大大刺激了需求的增长。所以，很多公司把更多的精力放在提高生产技术上。生产效率很高的公司很少关注产品的销售，因为这个时期需求远远大于供给。如果公司生产一件产品，通常就有现成的买主在等待着。 到了19世纪30年代，很多生产商已经大大地提高了产量，使得西方国家很多行业的生产能力超过了潜在顾客的需求，这就导致了销售时代的来临。销售时代的特征是相信顾客不愿购买产品，部分原因是因为如此众多的公司为了获得客户的关注而展开竞争。在这个时代，大多数公司向销售人员传授成功的销售技巧，这些技巧可以征服潜在顾客心中的抵制情绪。因此，销售人员常常成为了说服艺术和人际交往的专家。在大多数极端的案例中，很多销售策略都是为了操纵消费者，而很少或根本不顾及顾客是否对产品有需求。 随着大多数行业的销售和大部分西方国家在第二次世界大战后得到发展，销售时代过渡到市场营销部门时代。市场营销部门时代认为销售是一个更全面的活动，而非个体销售代表征服客户的活动。销售活动已经扩大到更多非个人的交流形式，而且组织创立了市场营销部门来协调整个公司的销售活动。在市场营销部门时代，营销经理主要贯彻执行由公司经理制定的销售战略。例如，20世纪50~60年代通用汽车公司通过市场营销部门来协调销售取得了巨大的成功。通过整合广告，特别是个人销售技巧，通用汽车公司在美国汽车业处于统治地位。
工商管理学位英语考试模拟题—阅读理解题 1. The English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes and habits distinguishing him from other nationalities. Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, and reserved person among people he knows well. Before strangers he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a railway compartment any morning or evening to see the truth. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing(打盹)in a corner, and no one speaks. An English wit once suggested to overseas visitors, "On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers." Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion. It is well known that the English seldom show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion etc. Of course, an Englishman feels no less than any other nationality. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty of a young girl. A man of more emotional temperament might describe her as "a marvelous jewel", while the Englishman will flatly state "Um,
2005春工商学位英语（4） 一、语音单选题 1、period A. request B. perseverance C. recognize D. require 答案 B. 2、pressure A. directly B. oxygen C. absence D. camera 答案A 3、geography A. regret B. envy C. remark D. deck 答案C 4、creature A. effect B. energy C. reduce D. belief 答案D 5、replied A. entered B. asked C. stepped D. added 答案A 6、counter A. country B. south C. tough D. enough 答案B 7、scatter A. laboratory B. separate C. gravity D. various 答案C 8、twinkle
A. windy B. drink C. footprint D. interesting 答案B 9、eyebrow A. town B. follow C. slow D. fellow 答案A 10、schoolyard A. coo B. cook C. poor D. childhood 答案A 11、He just couldn't ___what in the world she had been talking about all the time. A. figure out B. catch on C. set out D. work on 答案A 12、Children who are over-protected by their parents may become_____ A. hurt B. damaged C. spoiled D. harmed 答案C 13、The bridge was named _____ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people. A. after B. with C. by D. from 答案A 14、I'd like to ______the lessons once more before we take the exam tomorrow. A. go for B. go over C. go round D. go about 答案B 15、Depending on____, Mary led us through an unknown part of the forest. A. intuition B. sense C. vision D. image 答案A 16、My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
工商管理专业英语重点 一．名词解释： 1.what is a manager? 答： A manager is a person who plans,organizes,directs,and controls the allocation of human ,material,financial,and information resources in pursuit of the organization’s goals. 2.What is the difference between middle managers and first-line managers? 答：The heavier emphasis onmanaging group performance and allocating resources represent the most important differences between first-line ang middle managers. 3.How can you characterize top-managers’ work? 答：Top managers spend most of their day(over 75 percent) planning and leading.pressures and demands on top managers can be intense. 4.What is the one of natural outcomes of outsourcing? 答：Modular corporations come into being. 二．选词填空 1.Adrian was in charge of the allocation of available funds. 2.Our firm is oriented towards the export side of the business. 3.The on-time delivery of goods is required in the contract. 4.The graphic display s will be heloful to illustrate the increase of the output. https://www.doczj.com/doc/0115448886.html,panies cannot survive fierce competition without innovative personnels. 6.Keeping the accounts is part and parcel of my job. 7.The CEO and other high-level executives are often referred to as top management. 8.The tasks that managers do include planning,organizing,leading,andcontrolling the work of an organization. 9.Functional managers supervise employees having expertise in one area,such as accounting,humanresources,sales,finance,marketing,or production. 10.general managers are responsible for the operations of a more complex unit,such as a company or a division. 11.He carried out a number of frauds on trusting people who lent him money.. 12.He would not havesucceeded in such a risky business if he had not been such a clever entrepreneur. 13.They could not tell the commcnding officer from his subordinates. 14.The two old rivals vie for the frist place. 15.Some people cannot be trusted to work wihout supervision. 16.Half of the medical supplies have already been allocated to the victims of the earthquake. 17.Can you differentiate this kind of rose from the others? 18.The factory has laid off workers because of the drop in sales. 19.They were blame for their failure to hold down expenditure. 20.The company has slashed the costs of the project in order to seize the last chance to survive. 21.The company is try ing to diversify its range of products so that they can get more market shares. 22.Mr. Black realized that his company was in dire straits and it went bey ond him to deal with the whole situation. 23.Tom, my next door neighbor, is exempt form military service because of his poor health. 24.With the economic environment improved , his company’s sale in that area is getting less susceptible to the crisis. 25.Mr.White declared that he was not liable for his partner’s debts.
Unit one formal organization 正式组织 division of labor 劳动分工departmentalization 部门化 delegation 授权 stakeholders 利害相关者 organizational chart 组织结构图 flatter organization 扁平组织 cash flow 现金流量 trade credit 商业信用 short-term loans 短期贷款 commercial paper商业票据 life insurance companies 人寿保险公司pension funds 退休基金 bonds 债券 stocks 股票 unit two macroeconomics 宏观经济学 national income theory 国民收入理论inflation通货膨胀 deflation通货紧缩 the level of interest rates 利率水平international trade balance国际贸易平衡monetary policy 货币政策 fiscal policy财政政策 unemployment rate 失业率 price index 价格指数 the consumer price index 消费价格指数 the producer price index 生产价格指数 the GDP price deflator GDP 价格平减指数nominal GDP 名义GDP real GDP实际GDP disposable income 可支配收入 transfer payment 转移支付 substitution effect 替代效应 income effect 收入效应 equilibrium price均衡价格 equilibrium output均衡产出 oil embargo 石油禁运 multiplier effect 乘数效应 expansionary monetary policy扩张货币政策time lags 时滞 unit four industrial organization theory 产业组织理论
2013电大工商管理学位英语阅读理解 1.What does the first paragraph tell us? -The ape looks like human beings most. 2.which of the following sentences is TRUE? -Apes have weak legs but very strong arms. 3.Apes build nests in the trees but seldom sleep there for more than a night or two because_______. -They like to move from place to place in search of more food. 4.Among the three kinds of apes,_______. -the gorilla is the biggest. 5.The last pargagraph tells us that _______. -the intelligence of chimpanzees is similar to that of human children. 6.The special education mentioned in the text is mainly concerned with ________. -students who are either mentally or physically disabled. 7.A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because ________. -it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudy. 8.According to Professor Healey,we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps________. -need graphic representations in order to understand higher-order language concepts. 9.The best phrase that summarizes the main idea of the text is ______. -videodisc and special education. 10.The word "impairment"(Line3,Para.1) Probably means______. -disability. 11.In the first paragraph,the author implies that ______ are essential in achieving success. -ability and environment. 12.The word "frugal" (Line3,Para.2) means _______. -thrifty. 13.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because _______. -they are not rich enough by their own standards. 14.The last paragraph implies that ______. -success means trying one's best at what one really likes. 15.This passage mainly talks about _______. -the difinition of success. 16.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? -Take Vacations in space. 17.The phrase "bread-and butter business"(Line2,Pare.1) most probably means ________. -The business to make a living 18.How much is the two-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington?
管理学常用词汇 A 11 access discrimination ['?ks?s] [d?,skr?m?'ne??n]进入歧视 action research ['?k??n] ['ris?t?] 动作研究；行为研究 adjourning [?'d??n??] 解散期；解散阶段；中止阶段 adhocracy [?d'h?kr?si] 无固定结构的管理方式或组织；临时委员会组织；administrative principle [?d'm?n?stret?v] ['pr?ns?pl] 管理原则advanced negotiation[?d'v?nst] [n?,ɡo??'e??n]高级谈判 alignment[?'la?nm?nt] 结盟 artifacts ['a:rtif?kts]人工环境 artificial intelligence [,ɑrt?'f??l] [?n't?l?d??ns] 人工智能、巧匠avoiding learning [?'v??d??] ['l??n??]规避性学习 ambidextrous approach [,?mb?'dekstr?s] [?'pr?t?]双管齐下策略 B 9 balance sheet ['b?l?ns] [?it]资产负债表 bias['ba??s] 偏见 BCG matrix（ BCG:Boston Consulting Group['b?st?n] [k?n's?lt??] [gru ?p]） ['metr?ks] 波士顿矩阵，波士顿咨询集团矩阵 bona fide occupation qualifications [,b?un?'faidi] [,ɑkju'pe??n] [,kw ɑl?f?'ke??n] 善意职业资格审查 bounded rationality ['ba?nd?d] [,r???n'?l?ti]有限理性 bounded rationality perspective ['ba?nd?d] [,r???n'?l?ti] [p?'spekt ?v]有限理性方法
学位英考试试题-1 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs，but archaeologists (考古学家) learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that don't break down or disappear very quickly—things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal. It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history--normally, the bacteria (细菌) in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different. In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup—walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out—a human foot! Naturally, the men called the police，who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly--but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs—the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man's stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal! Why was this man so well preserved? (76) It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe fi:om the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man's skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes. How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called,“Lindow Man”. (77) His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life—he could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn't died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods. 1. Which language does the word “archaeology”come from? A. French. B. Greek. C. Roman. D. German. 2. The word “these” in the first paragraph refers to_______. A. letters B. photographs C. paintings D. objects 3. Which of the following helped to preserve“Lindow Man”? A. Ice and Iow temperature. B. Bacteria and oxygen. C. Soil and energy. D. Acid and water. 4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?