《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹
一、冠词The Article
知识要点：
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。
一、不定冠词的用法
1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.
2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.
A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。
3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4、用于某些固定词组中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：
This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。
二、定冠词的用法：
1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如：
Beijing is the capital of China.
The pen on the desk is mine.
2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：
Where is the teacher?
Open the window, please.
3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如：
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
The baby was thin.
4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the earth, the moon, the sun.
5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：
He is always the first to come to school.
Bob is the tallest in his class.
6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。
7、用在一些习惯用语中。如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。
8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas
9、用在报刊、杂志前。如：the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。
10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如：
The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。
11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。
12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如：
The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).
三、零冠词（即不用冠词）：
1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science 等。
2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如：
Go down this street.
3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：
We are students. I like reading stories.
4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。Today is New Year’s Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Women’s Day.
5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：
What’s the matter, Granny? We elected him monitor.
6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。
7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如：
She goes to school after breakfast every morning.
We are going to play football.
We usually have lunch at school.
8、科目前不加。如：
We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.
【专项训练】：
1、We can’t live without air.
A．an B．×C．the D．some
2、——Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.
——Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A．a; the B．the; the C．the; a D．a; a
3、I’ve be en waiting for him for hour and half.
A．×; ×B．the; a C．a; the D．an; a
4、What fine weather we have today!
A．a B．×C．some D．an
5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one?
A．a tree B．such tree C．an tree D．tree
6、Children usually go to school at age of six.
A．×; the B．a; an C．the; ×D．the; the
7、Himalayas is highest mountain in world.
A．×; the;×B．The; the; the C．A; a; a D．×;×;×
8、They each have __book. Li Hua’s is about writer. Wang Lin’s is on science.
A．a; a; ×B．the; ×; the C．×; the; ×D．a; the; a
9、Physics is science of matter and energy.
A．The; ×B．×; ×C．×; the D．A; a
10、sun rises in east and sets in west.
A．A; an; a B．The;×;×C．The; the; the D．A; the; a
11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
A．a;×B．the; an C．the; the D．×; the
12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad
temper. A．×;a B．A;×C．The; the D．A; a
13、They were at dinner then. It was delicous one.
A．a; the B．×;×C．×;a D．a; a
14、what kind of car do you want to buy?
A．×B．the C．a D．an
15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.
A．×; the B．×;×C．the; ×D．the; the
16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.
A．the; ×B．×; the C．×;×D．the; the
17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.
A．×B．a C．the D．one
18、——Where’s Jack?
——I think he’s still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom.
A．×;×B．the; the C．the; ×D．×; the
19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.
A．the; the B．×;×C．the; ×D．×; the
20、——I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please.
——Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A．some; a B．an; some C．some; some D．an; a
【答案】：
1、B air是不可数名词。
2、D 此题为97年高考题。根据句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出现；第二空仍是泛指，且表数量“－”。
3、D 元音前用an。
4、B weather是不可数名词。
5、A 此题为85年高考题。泛指。
6、A go to school是固定短语。
7、B 山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。
8、A 第一、二空泛指，第三空，science是不可数名词。
9、C 第一空，科目前不加冠词；第二空特指，有定语。
10、C
11、A 第一空，a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍；第二空，trade不可数。
12、D 第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。（括号里说明，我们俩都不认识这个人，因此不是特指。）第二空是固定短语，情绪不好。
13、C 第一空at dinner正在吃饭，固定短语。
14、A 泛指
15、C 此题是89年高考题：乐器前加定冠词；music是不可数名词。
16、A 此题是90年高考题：stars前应加定冠词；space不可数。
17、C 此题是91年高考题：发明应是特指。
18、D 此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语，不加冠词。
19、C 此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语，固是特指。第二空，public places,公共场所，泛指。
20、A 此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词；have a word with sb.是固定短语。
二、名词Nouns
知识要点：
一、名词的种类：
1、专有名词：
1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词）
2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名词构成
的专有名词，要加定冠词。）2、普通名词
1）不可数名词
物质名词：，，，…
抽象名词：，，，，…
water rice oil paper
health trouble work pleasure honor ?
?
?
注意：①不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。
如：have a wonderful time.
②不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
③不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。
如：fishes, newspapers, w aters, snows……
| | |
各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水积雪
④有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties困难
⑤在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….
2）可数名词：
①可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A bird can fly.
The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.
Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.
②有复数形式：
a）规则变化——加“s”或“es”（与初中同，略）
b）不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),
woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),
phenomenon(phenomena)…
注意：
c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一种鱼）……。如，a sheep, two sheep
d）只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…
e）形复实单：physics, politics, mathematics, news, plastics（塑料），means.
f）形单实复：people (人民，人们)，the police, cattle等
g）集合名词如：family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时，为单数；当作为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如：My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.
h）复合名词变复数时，(a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。
(b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中间人
(c）woman, man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors
二、名词的所有格：
1、表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“’s”。如：M ike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights…
注意：1）名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home（工人疗养院），the students’ reading-room
2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“’s”。如：her son-in-law’s photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody else’s book（其他任何人的书）
3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”；如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“’s”。如：Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）. Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）
4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词。如：the tailor’s (裁缝铺)
the doctor’s (诊所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)
5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“’s”表所有格。
如：half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程) China’s agriculture (中国的农业)
2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book
3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如：
the story of Dr Norman Bethune
Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?
4、“of词组+所有格”的用法：
在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those 等）时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如：
a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。
some inventions of Edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明
those exercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本。
【专项训练】：
1、There are only twelve in the hospital.
A．woman doctors B．women doctors
C．women doctor D．woman doctor
2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school.
A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws
C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law
3、——How many does a cow have?
——Four.
A．stomaches B．stomach C．stomachs D．stomachies
4、Some visited our school last Wednesday.
A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germens
5、The of the building are covered with lots of .
A．roofs; leaves B．rooves; leafs C．roof; leaf D．roofs; leafs
6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing.
A．sheeps B．sheepes C．sheep D．sheepies
7、That was a fifty engine.
A．horse power B．horses power
C．horse powers D．horses powers
8、My father often gives me .
A．many advice B．much advice C．a lot of advices D．a few advice
9、Mary broke a while she was washing up.
A．tea cup B．a cup of tea C．tea’s cup D．cup tea
10、Can you give us some about the writer?
A．informations B．information
C．piece of informations D．pieces information
11、I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning.
A．teas; bread B．teas; breads
C．tea; breads D．tea; bread
12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than .
A．lights; sounds B．light; sound
C．sound; light D．sounds; lights
13、She told him of all her and .
A．hope; fear B．hopes; fear
C．hopes; fears D．hope; fears
14、The rising did a lot of to the crops.
A．water; harm B．water; harms
C．waters; harm D．waters; harms
15、——How far away is it from here to your school?
——It’s about.
A．half an hour’s drive B．half hours drives
C．half an hour drives D．half an hour drive
16、The shirt isn’t mine. It’s.
A．Mrs Smith B．Mrs’ Smith
C．Mrs Smiths’D．Mrs Sm ith’s
17、Miss Johnson is a friend of .
A．Mary’s mother B．Mary’s mothers’
C．Mary mother’s D．Mary’s mother’s
18、Last week I called at my .
A．aunt B．aunts C．aunt’s D．auntes’
19、The beach is a throw.
A．stone B．stones C．stones’D．stone’s
20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A．Peter’B．Peter C．Peters D．Peters’
【答案】：
1、B
2、A
3、C stomach（胃）虽是“ch”结尾，但其发音为[k]，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。
4、C
5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式，直接加“s”。
6、C
7、A 名词作定语一般不用复数。
8、B
9、A 根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加“’s”。
10、B 11、D 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A
16、D 根据上句，此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。
17、D 18、C 19、D a stone’s throw是固定短语，意为“近在咫尺”。
20、B 此句中Peter作动名词sailing的所有格，本应用Peter’s，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此B为正确答案。
三、主谓一致Agreement
知识要点：
在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
1）The book is on the table.
2）He is reading English.
3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）
4）How you get there is a problem.
2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：Children like to play toys.
3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词
一致。如：
1）There is a dog near the door.
2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.
3）Here comes the bus.
4）On the wall were two famous paintings.
5）Here is Mr Brown and his children.
4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：
1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.
2）He and my father work in the same factory.
4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.
5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.
6）Every picture except these two has been sold.
7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.
8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.
9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.
5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：
1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。
2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。
3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。
6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。
2）No teacher and no student is absent today.今天没有老师和学生缺席。
3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。
7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
1）Each takes a cup of tea.
2）Either is correct.
3）Neither of them likes this picture.
8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
1）Is everyone here?
2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。
9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.
2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.
3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.
10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
1）Three years is not a long time.
2）Ten dollars is what he needs.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.
11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：
1）The United States is in North America.
2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。
3）“The Arabian Nights”（《天方夜谭》）is an interesting book.
12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
1）My family is going to have a long journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行。
2）My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜欢音乐。
3）The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。
4）The class were jumping for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。
13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：
1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。
2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。
3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。
14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：
1）The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。
2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。
15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：
1）Either you or I am going to the movies.
2）Not only you but also he is wrong.
16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
1）Water is a kind of matter.
2）The news at six o’clock is true.
17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
1）The police are searching for him.
2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。
18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：
1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
2）One third of the population here are workers.
19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“…的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。
1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.
2）A number of students have gone for an outing.
20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【专项训练】
1、Nothing but cars in the shop.
A．is sold B．are sold C．were sold D．are going to sell
2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.
A．know B．knows C．is knowing D．are known
3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.
A．is B．are C．comes D．are coming
4、of the money used up.
A．Three-five, are B．Three-fifths, have been
C．Three-fifths, has been D．Third-fifths, is
5、The number of the people who cars increasing.
A．owns, are B．owns, is C．own, is D．own, are
6、One of Marx’s works written in English in the 1860s.
A．was B．were C．would be D．are
7、The sheets for your bed washing.
A．needs B．are needing C．want D．are wanting
8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.
A．stands B．grow C．is standing D．are grown
9、Some person calling for you at the gate.
A．are B．is C．is being D．will be
10、All that can be eaten eaten up.
A．are being B．has been C．had been D．have been
11、Tom’s teacher and friend Mr. Smith.
A．are B．is C．are being D．has
12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.
A．doesn’t fit B．don’t fit C．doesn’t fit for D．don’t fit for
13、Neither he nor I for the plan.
A．am B．are C．is D．were
14、Many a student that mistake before.
A．has made B．have made C．has been made D．had made
15、Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog.
A．is B．are C．were D．seems
16、Laying eggs the ant queen’s full-time job.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
17、Between the two buildings a monument.
A．stand B．stands C．standing D．is standing
18、I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.
A．am B．is C．are D．was
19、The United Nations in 1945.
A．were found B．were founded C．was founded D．was found
20、were also invited to the party.
A．Mr Smith B．The Smith C．The Smiths D．Smiths
21、The glass works in 1959.
A．were set up B．was set up C．were put up D．were built
22、Three hours with your girl friend to be a short time.
A．seem B．seems C．is seeming D．has seemed
23、It was reported that six including a boy.
A．was killed B．were killed C．was killing D．had killed
24、The police a prisoner.
A．is searching for B．are searching forC．is searching D．are searched for 25、Deer faster than dogs.
A．run B．runs C．are running D．will run
26、The wounded good care of here now.
A．is taken B．are being taken C．are taking D．is taking
27、The whole class greatly moved at his words.
A．was B．were C．had D．is
28、Over 80 percent of the population of China peasants.
A．was B．is C．are D．will be
29、There a knife and fork on the table.
A．seems to be B．seem to be C．is seeming to be D．are
30、Those who singing may join us.
A．are liking B．likes C．enjoy D．is fond of
31、His family music lovers.
A．all are B．are all C．is D．are being
32、A professor and a writer present at the meeting.
A．was B．is C．were D．had been
33、The pair of shoes worn out.
A．was B．were C．have been D．had been
34、The students in our school each an English dictionary.
A．have B．has C．had D．are having
35、More than one answer to the question.
A．have been given B．has been given C．were given D．had given
36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our school. A．are B．is C．were D．was
37、Our family a happy one.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
38、Most of the mistakes because of carelessness.
A．were made B．are made C．has been made D．were making
39、Most of his time in reading novels.
A．are spent B．is spent C．were spent D．was spending
40、The rest of the novel very interesting.
A．were B．are C．is D．seem
41、I know that all getting on well with her.
A．was B．is C．are D．were
42、When and where this took place still unknown.
A．are B．were C．is D．has
43、Not only the workers but also the machine not there.
A．are B．were C．is D．has
44、Very few his address in the town.
A．knows B．know C．are knowing D．has known
45、Ten thousand dollars a large sum of money.
A．are B．is C．were D．seem
46、Twenty miles a long way to cover.
A．were B．are C．is D．seem to be
47、Nine plus three twelve.
A．makes B．make C．is making D．are making
48、There are two roads and either to the station.
A．leads B．lead C．are leading D．is leading
49、My father, together with some of his old friends, there already.
A．have been B．has been C．had been D．will be
50、My family as well as I glad to see you.
A．am B．are C．is D．was
【答案】：
1、A 因有连词but，所以谓语形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人称单数。见讲解4。
2、B 同上
3、B 见讲解2。
4、C 见讲解16。
5、C 定语从句看被修饰的先行词：the number of作主语用单数形式。见讲解9，19。
6、A 见讲解1。
7、C 见讲解2。
8、B 倒装句，要看后面的主语。见讲解3。
9、B some person指“某人”是第三人称单数。见讲解13。
10、B 主语“all”指的是“food”，所以代不可数名词，是第三人称单数。见讲解13。
11、B Tom’s teacher and friend，因friend前没有冠词，所以实际指的是同一个人。见讲解5。
12、B 根据前一分句的意思，第二分句中的mine指的是“my new clothes”，因此主语是复数。
13、A neither…nor…连接主语，动词与后面的主语保持一致。见讲解15。
14、A 见讲解6。15、A 见讲解4。16、A 见讲解1，动名词作主语。17、B 倒装，见讲解3。 18、A 见讲解9。19、C 见讲解11。
20、C 因谓语动词是复数，所主语应是复，The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。
21、B works在此句中是指工厂，所以是单数。22、B 见讲解10。
23、B six在这儿指的是人，因此用复数形式。24、B 见讲解17。
25、A deer, sheep是单、复数同形，根据后面的dogs，前面的deer应是复数（单数前应有a）。
26、B 见讲解14。27、B 见讲解12，因人才能受感动，所以the whole class是指全班的成员。
28、C 见讲解18。29、A 见讲解5。刀、叉是一副而论，所以看作单数。30、C 见讲解9。
31、B 见讲解12。32、C 见讲解4，注意与第11题比较。
33、A 因此句主语是pair，所以用单数。
34、A 因此句主语是the students，所以用复数。如果each作主语，谓语动词则用第三人称单数形式。如：Each of the students / Each student has an English dictionary.
35、B 此句中的主语是one answer，所以谓语动词应与它保持一致。
36、B 根据句意，这个男孩是学校中唯一来自农村的学生，自然后面的定语从句的主语是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式，又因主从句时态保持一致，故B 是唯一正确答案。
37、A 见讲解12。38、A 见讲解2。39、B 见讲解16。
40、C 这部小说的剩余部分，还没超出“一”，用单数。
41、C 见讲解13，不定代词all在此句中代“与她相处的人”，所以是复数。
42、C 见讲解1，when and where this took place是一个从句。
43、C 见讲解15。44、B few在此代人，是复数。45、B 见讲解10。
46、C 同上。47、A 同上。48、A 见讲解7。49、B 见讲解4。50、B 同上。
四、虚拟语气
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：
1、虚拟条件句。
2、名词性虚拟语气。
3、虚拟语气的其他用语。
一、虚拟条件句：
条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：
If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋动词原形，如：
If I am at school, I will finish my homework.
If I were at school, I would finish my homework.
If I were you, I would study hard.
If it rained, I would not be here now.
2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为： If 主语＋had ＋过去分词，主语＋should （could, would, 或might ）＋have ＋过去分词，如：
If you had studied hard, you should have passed the exam. Had you studied hard,……
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为： If should were to 主语＋???
＋do ，主语＋should （could …）＋ 原形 do 过去时（与现在事实条件句一样）。
If you were to go to vacation, nobody could go to school.
If it were to rain tomorrow, we couldn ’t go to picnic .
Were it to rain tomorrow, we ……
If you were not to watch happy camp, you would not feel happy.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
Should it rain tomorrow, we ……
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.
注意问题： 1、If 条件句中绝对不可出现“would ”。
2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。
3、
在条件句中如果出现were, had, should 可省去if ，将主语与
这些词倒装，例如：
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二、名词性虚拟语气：
在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语＋（should）＋动词原形，如：Mother i nsist ed that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.（宾语从句）
We suggest ed that the meeting should not be held.
We make a suggestion that the meeting should not be held.
It was require d that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）
It was a requirement that the crops should be harvested at once.
The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）
That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）
注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。
三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：
1、wish后的宾语从句：
与现在愿望不一致主语＋过去时；I wish I were you.
与过去愿望不一致主语＋had＋过去分词；I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states. 与未来愿望不一致主语＋would（could）＋原形。I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.
2、It’s time句型：当It’s time后用that从句时应该为：主语＋should＋原形或主语＋过去时，例如：It’s time that you went to school. 或It’s time that you should go to school.
3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish＋宾语从句”
If only he could come! 他要能来就好了。
If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。
If only I were tall!
4、would rather, as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.
She loves the children as if they were hers.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.
5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。
Without you, I would never know him.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well. = If it were not for your cooperation, we wo uldn’t have done the work so well.
注：wit hout / but for … = If it were not for…/ If it hadn’t been for …., sb …..
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.
I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!
【专项训练】
1、It is important that a college student a foreign language.
A．will master B．master C．masters D．would master
2、It is strange that she without saying a word.
A．should have gone out B．went
C．should go out D．goes out
3、If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.
A．had been, would have prevented B．had been, would prevent
C．were, would prevent D．were, would have prevent
4、——“He is a brave man.”
——“Yes, I wish I his courage.”
A．have B．had C．will have D．may have
5、If it rain, the crops would be saved.
A．should B．will C．is going to D．was to
6、He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.
A．was sent B．would be sent
C．should send D．be sent
7、If you the medicine, you better now.
A．took, would feel B．had taken, felt
C．had taken, would feel D．took, would have felt
8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother.
A．is B．was C．were D．had been
9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.
A．didn’t do B．hadn’t do ne C．haven’t done D．couldn’t do
10、I’d rather he tomorrow afternoon.
A．will come B．comes C．coming D．came
答案：
1、B
2、A
3、A
4、B
5、A
6、D
7、C
8、C
9、B 10、D
五、倒装句
英语的基本句型是主语+ 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
一、全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种
情况:
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:
There goes the bell! 铃响了！There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.
注意:
① 这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, rush等。
②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
2、方位状语在句首, 如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
two canoes in which they had come to the island. Were nearby.
Under the tree sat a boy.
A butterfly flies around the tree.
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.
二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:
1. 否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldom
Never shall I forget you.
I shall never forget you.
Never I shall forget you.
At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
The man was aware of what was happening at no time.
At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
I understood little what he said to me at that
time.
I understood little what he said to me at that time
I can hardly understand what you speak.
I hardly know what he means.
Hardly do I know what he means.
我几乎不能理解你说的话。
I seldom watch the anime.
Seldom do I watch the anime.
I have never listened to music.
Never have I listened to music.
2.几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly…when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:
No sooner…than…
Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. Everything (he had) was taken away from him. His German citizenship was taken away.
I received my passport. I bought a airplane ticket.
Not only did I receive my passport, but also I bought a airplane ticket.
Not only did I finish my homework, but also I watched TV for a while.
Not only do I often play computer games, but also I study better than other students.
Not only do I play the computer games, but also I always study well. Get a high mark in my exam.
He finished the homework. He played soccer.
Not only did he finish the homework, but also he played soccor.
He planted the tree. He watered it.
Not only did he plant the tree,
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
No sooner had I turned on the TV than advertisement appeared.
No sooner had I opened the door than he finished his homework.
No sooner had I got home than my mother smiled.
No sooner had I reached home than my mother smiled. No sooner had I planted the tree than I watered it.
No sooner had I played computer games than I was happy,
Hardly had I played computer games when I was happy.
(注意时态)
注意:
① not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如:
Not only you but also I like playing chess.
Not only John but also Jim like singing.
②neither…nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,
Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
Neither is the dog male, nor is the cat.
3、only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when my mother cooks dinner am I hungry.
Only when class is over do I feel happy.
Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
注意: only强调主语不倒装:
Only the teachers can use the room.
Only I can go to America.
Only the computer can calculate the difficult math problems.
4、so…that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.
It is so easy that a child can learn it.
So easy it is that a child can learn it.
So easy is it that a child can learn it.
He works so hard that he is very famous.
So hard does he work that he is very famous.
The flower is so beautiful that I am not willing to put it down.
So beautiful is the flower that I am not willing to put it down.
The table is so dirty that mother is not willing to clean it.
So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
I saw the film, so did he.
1、倒装句（Inversion）
英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。
一、倒装的类型
类型例句说明
完全倒装Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign
friends.
学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。
整个谓语移至主语
之前。
部分倒装Seldom does he go to school late.
他上学很少迟到。
只把系动词，情态
动词，助动词或表
语放在主语之前。
二、倒装结构的基本用法
1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装
情况例句说明
疑问句中Have you got a dictionary?
你有一本字典吗？
Where did he go last Monday?
上星期一他去什么地方了？
Are you listening to the radio?
你在听广播吗？
Who told you the news?
谁告诉你那个消息的？
Which boy broke this glass?
哪个男孩子把这个玻璃打破了？
用完全或部分倒
装，但以疑问词或
疑问词修饰的名
词作主语的疑问
句要用正常语序。
“there be”结构中There are three wells in our village.
我们村里有三口水井。
There stands a big paper making factory by the river.
河边有座大型造纸厂。
在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中Here is a letter for you.
这儿有你一封信。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Now comes your turn to play.
现在轮到你玩了。
Away went the crowd one by one .
人们一个一个地离去。
Look, there he comes! 看，他来了。
Down she went 她下来了。
使用完全倒装结
构。
但如果主语是代
词则用正常语序。
在以neither nor 或no more 开头的句I can’t swim, nor (neither)can she .
我不会游泳，她也不会。
He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he
want to go there.
表示……也不这
样，neither和
nor意思相同，可
以替换使用，no
子中他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。
He did not turn up. No more did his wife.
他没有来，他妻子也没有来。more表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强。意为也不…。
用在as（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see me .
尽管这些贵族很傲慢，他却害怕见我。
Young as he is, he knows a lot .
虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。
从属连句as用于
特殊语序，含义与
though, although
相同，但“as”这
种结构可表示非
常强烈的对照，必
须用倒装（表语提
前）
2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）
情况例句说明
含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时Never before have we seen such a sight.
以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。
Little did I think that he could be back alive.
我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
Not until New Y ear’s Day shall I give you a
gift.
我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。
Not only was everything that he had taken
away from him, but also his German
citizenship.
不仅他所有的一切被没收了，而且连他的德
国公民权也被剥夺了。
常用否定词有：
never,not,hardly,
scarcely seldom, little,
not until, not only…but
also, no sooner …than,
hardly (scarcely)…
when等。一般主句用部
分倒装结构。
副词only 放在句首时Only then did he realize his mistakes .
只有在那时，他才认识到自己的错误。
Only in this way can you learn maths well .
只有用这种方法，你才能学好数学。
Only Mother can understand me .
只有母亲最理解我。
Only three of us failed in the exam.
我们中只有三个人考试不及格。
only 起强调作用，其句
型为“only +状语+部分
倒装”。
如置于句首的only修饰
主语，则不用倒装结构。
虚拟语气条件从句中Were they here, they would help us .
他们要是在这儿，他们会帮助我们的。
Had I been informed earlier. I could have
done something.
我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。
Should you fail, take more pain and try
again.
万一你失败了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。
把从句中if省略将
were，had或should放
在主语的前面。
直接引语“He is a clever boy”said the teacher. 主句主语和谓语次序颠
的全部或一部分放在句首时老师说：“他是个聪明的孩子。”
“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and get
help”“走，狄克，走！”汤姆呼喊着，“快回
家去求援”
“What do you think of the film? ”he asked.
他问“你认为这部电影怎么样？”
“I’m leaving for Hongkong next month”
Mary told me yesterday.
玛利告诉我“我下月要去香港”。
倒，用完全倒装。
但如果主句主语为代词
时或谓语部分比主语
长，一般不用倒装。
表示祝愿的句子中May you succeed! 祝你成功。
Long live the Communist Party of China.
中国共产党万岁！
谓语动词或谓语的一部
分放在主语的前面。
副词so在句首He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I .
他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。
They will learn chemistry next term, so will
I .
他们下学期学化学，我也学。
I can drive a car, so can my younger brother.
我会开汽车，我弟弟也会开车。
表示前面所说的情况也
适合于另一个人或另一
事物的肯定句中。
—Tom won the first prize for the English
competition.
－So he did.
英语竞赛汤姆获得了一等奖。确实如此。
It was cold yesterday. So it was .
昨天天气冷。的确冷。
如果后面的句子只是单
纯重复前句的意思，不
表示也适用于另一人或
事，则不用倒装结构。
在频度状语often, always, many a time等开头的句子中Often did we warn them not to do so.
我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。
Many a time has she helped me with my English.
她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。
在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .
他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
介词短语作状语，放在句首In the middle of the room stood a little girl. 在房间中央站着一个小女孩。
In the distance was a horse.
马在远处。
在强调表语的句子Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of
great achievements.
表语提前，不仅为了强
调，而且为了使句子结
新概念英语第二册语法解析及练习题：过去完成时 过去完成时：had + 过去分词 1.表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作。“过去的过去”。● They had got everything ready before I came. ● The play had begunbefore I got to the theater with my boyfriend. 2.过去完成时常用于 hardly / scarcely ... when, no sooner ... than等固定句型结构中。(此乃超级重点句型，意为：“一……就”)● She had hardly / scarcely gone to bed when the bell rang. ● No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he met her parents. (注意 no sooner 在句首时句型倒装。) 3.intend(打算)，mean(意味)，hope(希望)，want(想要)，plan(计划)等动词的过去完成时用来表示本打算做而没有做的事。● I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave. (……原想昨天去看你……) ● They had planed to hold a football match last week, but they had to cancel it because the bad weather. (……原计划上周举行一场足球赛……) 练习： 1. -Let's hurry! The president is coming. -Oh, I was afraid that we ________. A. already miss him B. had already missed him C. will miss him already D. have already missed him 2. Your letter came just as I ________ my office.
1. 关系副词eweek. 2. A． B which. C． D ? 3.as as A “as...as” 例如： B．as ??? as 例如： (二): . (三): 从句）gthecase. 就是that不做任 ，doubt，suggestion explanation truth，knowledge 或whether that不做 that做定
2 3 4 nity. VII. 1． 句话说） 2．括） 关系。 3． (四): 1. should might 2. er. 3. ? 4. ● 词原形，（建议） ??? ●（should oposal. arty. ●I wroteit) 通常用于动词： 属静态 被省 句子，seldom，等。
7 ???? oblem. ???? 注意：不用was 找他。 答案词， 不能说 8 ???（ ????? ( 定义：特点等。 ● ● 所属等。 1 2 smell， remain 3 面） poorly（身 ） ，usually ，below 等 ，perfectly， 注意
式地）（以前） 10.free freely (九):前，an 如： I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11． 12 13 民 II 1． 2 3 4 5 (十): 1 “willyou”，如：
1 assroom. 2 3 ??? 别力。 (十三): 1.rise， ?“rise”提高”。 “arise”其语义为“义为“ https://www.doczj.com/doc/051335284.html,y， “lay” “lie” “lie” 3.sit， “sit” “seat” 4. “affect” “effect”dy. 5.hang 当hang 而当hang 6. 7.take :? 8. 9.fit, “fit”指“ 10.搭配
新概念英语第一册113-144课语法点总结一．so / neither引导的简短回答 a.结构： 1.so / neither + be动词 + 主语 例：He is a dancer, so am I. 他是个舞蹈家，我也是。2.so / neither + 情态动词 + 主语 例：He can dance very well, so can I. 他跳舞跳得很好，我也是。 3.so / neither + 助动词 + 主语 例：He doesn’t like singing, neither do I. 他不喜欢唱歌，我不喜欢。 b.表示 某人也是，某人也会，某人也不是，某人也不会。 c.区别 如果前一句是肯定的，后一句用so开头； 如果前一句是否定的，后一句用neither开头。 二．not a (an) / any & no & none 1.no是个限定词，用在名词前，等同于not a或not any，用 来强调句子的否定含义。
例：I haven’t got any fingers. = I have got no fingers. 我没有手指。 I haven’t got a long tail. = I have got no long tail. 我没有一条长尾巴。 2.none : 没有人；一个也没有；一点儿也没有 例：He has got many interesting books. I have got none. 他有很多有趣的书，我一本也没有。 三．不定代词either; both; all; neither; none 注意：either表示两者任选其一。 例：Which one do you want, an apple or a pear? Either is Okay. 你想要苹果还是梨？都可以。 Either of my parents will come to see you. 我爸爸或者妈妈会来见你。 不定代词的词组： 1.both … and …两者都…… 例：Both Lily and Linda are right. Lily和Linda都是对
新概念英语第三册重点语法总结：定语从句 导读：本文新概念英语第三册重点语法总结：定语从句，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 1. 定语从句：由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词when, where, why 引导。 1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week. 2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful. 4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in. 5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 6. He still remembers the day when he went to school. 7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time. 8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war. 9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English. 10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy. 2. 只能用that和who引导的定语从句 A.all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行词指物时
L.1 1．五大基本句型2．零冠词精讲背诵 L.2 1.现在进行时与一般现在时2．感叹句的基本结构精讲 L.3 1.“给予”动词带双宾精讲背诵 L.4 1．现在完成时2．Accept vs.receive3.excited vs. exciting知识点和第五课重复，可以不讲 L.5 1.一般现在时与过去完成时的区别2．In 3 minutes vs. in 3 minutes’time3. 带way的短语精讲课文：背诵课文 L.6 1.in vs.on2.不定冠词的一般用法3 动词词组搭配精讲课文：背诵 L.7 1.expect的用法2．过去进行时3．When, while and as4. 小品词（副词vs介词）精讲 L.8 1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级2．谓语动词的单复数确定精讲：背诵 L.9 1.基本时间介词的用法：at, in, on, during, through, till, until2 时间表示法次精讲 L.10 1.被动语态2．名词所有格，双重所有格（37）3.made in, made of, made from, made by精讲;鼓励背诵，加强语感 L.11 1.deserve的用法2．不定式作宾语动词后是否需要先加一个名词或代词次精讲：适合背诵L.12 1．一般将来时可以不讲 L.13 1.将来进行时和一般将来时的区别精讲 L.14 1．Except, except for, apart from次精讲 L.15 1.afford的用法2.interrupt的用法3．直接引语与间接引语精讲：背诵 L.16 1．Remind的用法2．Fail的用法3．if条件句精讲：背诵 L.17 1.in spite of2.介词的用法in, 3 情态动词精讲：鼓励背诵L. 18 1.have的多种用法（助动词，完全动词）2．关于give的词组自学课文L. 19 1.hurry的用法2．Can vs may; can vs could; may vs might3. might as well次精讲：设置场景，组对背诵 L.20 1.动名词充当主语和宾语2．Instead of vs. instead精讲：背诵 L.21 1.含助动词的被动语态2．Come into3.drive的不同用法4．Home vs. house次精讲 L.22 1 课后介词搭配练习文章次精讲 L.23 1.there is vs. it is自学课文
新概念英语语法 英语语法的掌握是英语能力的基本功。要想用英语准确表达自己意思，离不开正确的语法知识和准确地使用语法结构。新概念英语语法体系比较完整、知识介绍比较全面，新概念英语第一册到新概念英语第四册基本涵盖 了英语学习者必备的所有语法知识点，保证每篇课文都有一个自己的核心语法内容，课后的习题练习和同步测试可以巩固英语学习内容，检验学习效果。 如何攻破新概念英语语法呢？只是单独学习英语语法知识是一种学习误区，这样会造成缺乏对于语言规律的实质性、全局性和整体性的把握和理解，从而无法在实际交际中进行理解和应用。小编总结了新概念英语语法的学习方法，希望对英语学习者有所帮助。 一、突破新概念英语语法重点与难点。 1、首先要以句法为主。这就要求我们掌握好英语的基本句型。尽管英语句子的数量是无限的，变化无穷无尽， 形式繁简各异，但万变不离其宗，这个宗”就是英语的7种基本句型。各种各样的英语句子经过分析解剖之后， 都可归到这几个基本句型中。我们还要掌握基本句型的转换形式，如陈述句转换为疑问句、肯定句转换为否定 句、主动句转换为被动句。我们还要熟悉基本句型的扩展手段，如添加定语或状语等修饰语；将句子成分由单词或短语扩展为从句，从而岀现了名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。如果我们掌握了英语的基本句型及其转换、扩展形式，我们也就掌握了英语语法的概貌。 2、总结新概念英语语法中的特殊语法结构。如倒装、分隔、省略、前移、后移、外置等，却使英语句子复杂起来，需要同学们多下些工夫。 3、重点学习新概念英语中动词”的用法。在词法部分中，动词是关键，因为英语句子是以动词为聚焦点或中心的，且时态、语态、语气等都是在动词上体现岀来的。 二、阅读材料以切合自己能力或程度为佳。新概念一共四册，每一册具有跳跃性，知识性，逐渐加大难度。阅读时要切实朗读，不可有eye-reading 。在阅读中并注意引证自己已学习过的语法规则，或利用自己所学过的语法规则来了解文意，体会文体，模仿英语的表达句式或习惯。 三、勤做练习，不要怕犯语法上的错误。新概念每篇课后都有相应习题，用于检验学员学习效果，查漏补缺。平常练习可以以句为单位，口头练习与书写练习并重，更应培养思路与表达趋于一体的自然语言习惯。 新概念英语语法精粹/节目内容 一、冠词The Article 1 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article ) 和定冠词(The definite Article )两种。a (an)是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：女口a book, a man; an 用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book 等。the 是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类 (泛指)。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。女口：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Wang is looki ng for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如: a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time 等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍一一a +抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：
新概念英语第一册语法点梳理 新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。 以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。 首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析： 本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。 Lesson 31—34现在进行时 Lesson 37—40第一次出现be going to的将来时 Lesson 51—56一般现在时 Lesson 67—76为一般过去式 Lesson 83—90为现在完成时 Lesson 91—96为一般将来时(will) Lesson 117—118过去进行时 Lesson 119—120过去完成时 除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。 在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。 Lesson1—2
语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much.语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is thisyour handbag? Yes, it is. Lesson 5—6 语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. It’s a Volvo.(L6)a/an的使用。 Lesson 7—8 语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。 语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French? What nationality are you? What’s your job?特殊疑问句。Lesson 9—10 语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you? 语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。 介词短语表示位置near the window, on the televion, on the wallLesson 29—30 语言点：如何发号命令。 语法点：祈使句（肯定）。 动词与宾语的固定搭配。 Lesson 37—38 语言点：如何表达将要做的事情。 语法点：现在进行时态be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情。 There be句型的一般疑问句形式。 Lesson 41-42
新概念英语第三册语法解析：类比法、夸张法、排比法 类比法(Analogy)是一种词义修辞格，把两种本质上不相同的事物就其某方面的共同 点进行比较，通过比喻说明某种道理或描绘某种复杂情况。例如，Lesson 27的第一句, “It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.” 作者把人们生活工作的方式类比成销 售货物的方式，每个人都是一定意义上的推售员，抽象的为谋生而付出的努力被比喻成具体的可供售卖的货物。通过这样的类比，读者找到了联系的线索，加深对句子的理解并引起共鸣。假如我们要借助类比描绘英语的作用，我们就可以说，“What English means to a student is what weapons mean to the soldiers who fight in the battlefield.” 或“If we obtain English proficien cy, we obtain the key which leads us to more knowledge and opportunities.” 夸张法(hyperbole)也是词义修辞，刻意地夸大或缩小把事物的特征，在数量，形状和 程度上加以渲染，“言过其实”地使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来，给人强烈的印象。Lesson 49, 作者谈到阿姨家的仆人数量时提及”an army of servants (仆人大军)” and “the shifting population(流动人口)”, 把Bessie导致布丁砸在桌上的小意外说成“catastrophe (大 灾难)”, 不难看出这些都是夸张的例子。如果我们的朋友多不胜数，我们也可以自豪地说，“I have an army of friends.”, 但是如果他们都是“the shifting population who just come and go into my life without even a hello or goodbye (他们只是连招呼不打就来来去去的流动人口)”，那么这样的友情带来的只是一个“catastrophe”, 因为没有得到真正的知己。 排比法(Parallelism)，属于结构修辞，以语法结构对称来突出意义，增添气势。Lesson 51,阐述Bagrid预测计算机的功能, 文中出现了连续四个排比，充分证明了Bagrid非凡的 眼光，“Bagrid foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, when they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams…, when they would be used in hospital…, when they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work..”排比是最常用的修辞之一，排比项通常以三项为起点，控制于五项之内。 结合一个写大学教育的主题，以下的排比句跃然纸上, “University is the place where we absorb the most comprehensive knowledge, where we encounter friends of lifetime, where we cultivate our characters and personalities, where we create the most impressive part of our life.
新概念英语第二册语法 总结 Revised as of 23 November 2020
《新概念英语第二册》语法总结 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine.
新概念英语第一册语法点归纳 新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。 首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析： 本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。 Lesson 31—34 现在进行时 Lesson 37—40 第一次出现be going to 的将来时 Lesson 51—56 一般现在时 Lesson 67—76 为一般过去式 Lesson 83—90 为现在完成时 Lesson 91—96 为一般将来时(will) Lesson 117—118 过去进行时 Lesson 119—120 过去完成时 除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。 在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。 Lesson1—2 语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much. 语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Lesson 5—6 语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. It’s a Volvo.(L6) a/an 的使用。
新概念英语第三册重点语法总结：名词性从句 王牌要点：通常由 that或疑问词导出。 1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.(主语从句) 2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.(宾语从句) 3. The problem is what we'll do next.(表语从句) 4. We have no idea that he has come back.(同位语从句) 同位语(Appositive): 同位语是英语语法的重点内容，也是各类考试中的一个考点，同时，在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。 《新概念英语》第三册第一课有这样一个句子： When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
(当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没 有受到重视。) 在这里，a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London就是同位语从句，它本来应该放在“reports”后面，这里却被放在了谓语成分 came into London zoo的后面， 目的是让句型显得更为稳重。 I.简单记忆：同位语从句，就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。 I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday. (that 引导的句子解释了news的内容，注意：that不做任何成分) We have to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad. (that 引导的句子解释了fact的内容) II.联想记忆： 能接同位词从句的名词有：belief(信仰)，fact，idea，doubt，rumor(谣言)， evidence(证据)，conclusion(结论)，suggestion(建议)，problem，order，answer， discovery(发现)explanation(解释)，principle(原则)，possibility(可能性)，truth，promise(承诺)，report(报告)，statement(声明)，knowledge(知识)，opinion(观点)，likelihood(可能性) [大声朗读三遍，背下即可。]
新概念英语第二册：第26课课文详解及语法解析课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.They always tell you what a picture is‘about’.(他们)总是告诉你一张画的“意思”是什么。 This is a book about Australia. 这是一本关于澳大利亚的书。 They are talking about modern art. 他们在谈论现代艺术。 课文中这句话能够直译为：他们总是告诉你某一幅画是“关于”什么的，也就是一幅画的“意思”是什么。about放在引号里，一是指这些人谈论画的时候经常用到这个词，二是表示一种讽刺，因为有些画没有任何“意思”。 2.They are just pretty patterns.它们就是些好看的图案。 just在此处指“仅仅”、“仅仅(是)”，而不是指“刚才”、“正好”、“正是： It was just a wrong number. 这仅仅一个错误的号码。(即只不过是拨错了号码) It's just six o'clock. 正好6点。 I've just heard the news. 我刚刚听到这个消息。
3.We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. 我们喜爱它们就像我们喜爱漂亮的窗帘布一样。 in the same way that/as是个连接短语，用于表示比较，可译 为“像/和……一样”： She walks in the same way that/as her sister did. 她的走路姿势和她姐姐以前走路的姿势一模一样。 4.I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. 我觉得小孩子们往往比任何人 都更能欣赏现代绘画。 else经常与不定代词连用(如everyone else，someone else，anything else等)，表示“另外/加”、“其它/他的”或“不同的”： Can you find anyone else? 你还能够找到其他人吗? I can find nothing else here except an old dictionary. 除了一本旧字典，我在这儿再也找不到别的东西了。 课文中的这句话表示小孩子们比其他任何人都更能欣赏现代绘画。 5.…she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. ……她总能说出我的画是好还是坏。 连接词whether…or not能够表示选择： I don't know whether you are interested (in it) or not.
新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习(一) 新概念二册语法精粹一、一般现在时 一、一般现在时： 1 ?构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 (1)直接加“s” works , takes (2 )以辅音加“y结尾，变“y为“,再加“es”，carry宀carries (3) 以“o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的动词加I “es” , goes dresses watches brushes 2 .功能： (1 )表现在的事实、状态或动作： eg: Birds fly. She loves music. Mary's parents get up very early. (2)表习惯性动作或职业，常与often , sometimes , usually , always , every week , seldom , occasionally , frequently等时间副词连用。 eg: I always take a walk after supper. She writes to me very often. Tom and his girlfriend go out to take a picnic occasionally. (3)表客观真理，格言警句或事实： The earth moves round the sun.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Two and two makes four. No man but errs. 人非圣贤，熟能无过。 （4 ）表将来： A .在由when , after, before , as, as soon as , although , because , if, even if, in case , till, until , unless , so long as, where, whatever , wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。 （黄金重点，所有考试都不放过它！） 例如：ril tell her when shecomes tomorrow. Even ifit rains this afterno on, I'll meet you. Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. （不错的句型，背下！！） r II be right here waiting for you wherever you go. （很感人的句型！） B ?按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。 The play begins at 6:30 this evening. When does the plane take off? He leaves for that city next week. According to the timetable, the express train to Shanghai starts at nine in the morning. （按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7点岀发。） 测试精编 1. The Browns _______ a nice car and Brown's brother _______ a nice jeep. A. have / have B. has / has C. have / has D. has / have
新概念英语第1册第87-88课课重点语法 第87-88课的内容： 一、重要句型或语法 1、现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，基本形式为have/has done。本课侧重的是标志性词语yet的用法和不规则的过去分词。如：Have your mechanics finished yet? 二、课文主要语言点 Is my car ready yet? 1)ready，准备好了的。 2)yet用于疑问句，起加强语气作用。 What's the number of your car? It's LFZ 312G. 1)What's the number of ...?，用来询问某物的号码，如：What's the number of your phone?，相当于What's your phone number? 2)汽车牌照的号码只要按顺序逐个读出即可。 When did you bring it to us? I brought it here three days ago. 1)此处动词采用一般过去时，是因为他们在讨论的是三天前发生的事情。 2)bring sth. to sb.，把某物带给某人。 3)可复习ago表示过去时间的用法。 Ah, I remember now. 注意remember的读音和拼写。 Have your mechanics finished yet? No, they're still working on it. 1)finish，完成，结束。如果后面再接动词，要用doing，如finish working。 2)此处yet用来加强语气。 3)still，仍然，用来加强语气。 4)work on sth.，忙于。 Let's go into the garage and have a look at it. 1)Let's用来引导祈使句，后面要接动词原形。 2)注意garage的发音：美 [ɡ?'rɑ??] ;英 ['ɡ?rɑ??]。 3)have a look at sth.，看一看某物。 Isn't that your car? Well, it was my car. 1)Isn't在此用来引导反问句。 2)此处的was用了斜体，起到强调作用，意思是这车子曾经是我的，但现在不是了。意思是：车子坏得已经认不出来了。 Didn't you have a crash? have a crash，表示出车祸了、撞车了。crash作为动
1. 被动语态（二） will/must/can/would/could/have to be done have/has been done must have been done drive 用法 home/house 2. 介词用法：见书 3. 复习 there be句型 it做为虚主语可以用来表示时间，天气，温度，距离，人或指代一个句子或不定式。 4. Summary of Unit two 5. 并列句 我们可以将几个简单句连在一起,组成并列句,常用以下连词: and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but …as well, not only…but also 主谓一致: 当主语由and , both…and 连接时,通常用复数谓语. Both the girls and the boy are his friends. 当主语由neither… nor, either…or, not only…but also或or 连接时,谓语动词与nor, or, but also后面的一致,在英语语法中，这被称为就
近一致. Neither he nor I am going to the airport. Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad. 6. 一般现在时的复习,状态动词,标点符号的使用. 以下一些动词很少用与进行时态: appear(看起来), appreciate(鉴赏), believe(相信), feel(感觉到), forget(忘记), hear(听见), know(知道), like(喜欢), look like(看起来像), notice(注意到), remember(记得), resemble(形似), see(看到), think(认为), understand(理解), have(拥有),love(爱), seem(看起来), show(显示), mind(介意), sound(听起来), hate(讨厌), detest(憎恨), desire(意欲), 引号: 引号位于一行之上,应该在句尾其他标点符号, 如逗号,句号,问好之外. 引语的第一个词以大写字母开头. 在said, asked, 等词后面用逗号,只有当它们位于句尾时才在它们后面用句号. 当said, asked等词置于引语之间时,句子的后半部分以小写开头. 当一个新的说话人开始讲话时, 要另起一个段落. 7. 复习一般过去时/不规则过去式和过去分词 常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词在英语里约有300多个 put up(搭建), put out(扑灭), put on(穿上), put sb. up(为某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍), put down(抄写), put off(推迟), put away(放好，放到一边去)
一．时态： 一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时 1. 一般现在时 表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。 ◆?????? 含有be动词的句子 He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Is he a teacher? Is the girl very beautiful? Are Tim and Jack students? ★变否定句在be动词后面加not He is not a teacher. The girl is not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. ◆?????? 不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子 第三人称单数及单数名词 He likes books. She likes him. The dog likes bones. ★变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型 Does he like books? Does she like him? Does the dog like bones? ★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t, 动词变为原型 He doesn’t like books. She doesn’t like him. The dog doesn’t like bones. ★肯定回答及否定回答： Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t. 注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。 其他人称及复数名词 I want to have a bath. We have some meat. The students like smart teachers. ★变疑问句在句首加do Do you want to have a bath? Do we have any meat? Do the students like smart teachers? ★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t. You don’t want to have a bath.