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TEXT A
TEXT A
The ivory-billed woodpecker, if you haven’t heard, is no longer extinct. In late spring, a group of 17 researchers announced in the online version of Science that they had spotted at least one member of this majestic species living in the cypress and tupelo swamps of eastern Arkansas. Once found everywhere in Southern hardwood forests, the ivory-billed woodpecker tumbled in population after the turn of the century, the victim of avid collectors and logging. It had last been seen in 1944, reduced to what Tim Gallagher, author of "The Grail Bird: Hot on the Trail of the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker," calls "a symbol of everything that has gone wrong with our relationship to the environment."
"The Grail Bird" is the story of this remarkable rediscovery, told by one of the chief rediscoverers. The editor of Living Bird magazine, Gallagher began the book several years ago with milder ambitions. The plan was to interview anyone who had seen the bird -- or thought he or she had. Soon, though, he was swept into a web of tantalizing rumors and half- clues, propelled by the possibility that a living ivory-bill might yet be found. "If someone.., could prove that this remarkable species still exists, it would be the most hopeful event imaginable: we would have one final chance to get it fight, to save this bird and the bottomland swamp forests it needs to survive." Hope was a thing with a three-foot wingspan.
"The Grail Bird" is less an ecological study than a portrait of human obsession; if not for the outcome, it could as easily be a book about the hunt for Bigfoot. Gallagher stakes out swamps teeming with alligators and cottonmouths. He sifts through shady evidence, from fuzzy Instamatic photographs to bags of bark shavings -- peeled, possibly, by the ivory-billed woodpecker in its search for beetle grubs. He suffers bloodied feet and an infected knee. His closest companion, Bobby Ray Harrison, a wildlife photographer and an arts professor at Oakwood College, dresses in full camouflage gear and canoes with a camcorder attached to his helmet. "Sasquatch chasers," Gallagher’s wife calls them. Yet for all the shenanigans, his book is an insightful look at what most biological fieldwork involves: a lot of sweating, sitting and waiting for ghosts to -- maybe -- make themselves real.
As tales go, "The Grail Bird" isn't the most stylishly told. Gallagher lets his characters talk at too-great length, and the incidental details are sometimes overly incidental. ("After pigging out on bad burgers, we got a room at a cheap motel and quickly fell into a deep, exhausted sleep with lots of snoring.") But most readers probably won’t mind. As some rivers are to be enjoyed not for the quality of the water but for the quality of the stones to be found therein, so it is with some books. Gallagher presents a series of lively characters: Fielding Lewis, a former Louisiana state boxing commissioner who in 1971 took two fuzzy photographs of the woodpecker that were subsequently -- and perhaps mistakenly -- discredited; an anonymous "woodpecker-whisperer" who claims to have a telepathic connection to the birds, even a thousand miles away. (One group of searchers failed, they were told, because they were noisily scaring off the bird.)
Oddly missing from this recounting is any extended focus on the ivory-billed woodpecker itself. Granted, the bird has been invisible for decades, a presence notable largely for its absence. Still, the book might have given us the animal’s history in more de tail -- something to convey the visceral appeal of this "grail." Without that, the quest -- though triumphant -- at times feels hollow, and the fulfillment of the author’s obsession veers perilously close to sounding like an end in itself.
1. According to the text, the ivory-billed woodpecker _____.A. is extinct since the year of 1994.
B. was found by a group of 17 researchers through the internet.
C. is called "Grail Bird" because it is hallowed to the degree of holiness.
D. is so famous that it has become a symbol of the spoiled relationship between human beings and nature.
A B C D
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D
首先，这种稀有鸟类并没有灭绝，文章正是讲述有人重新发现了它。其次，它肯定不是通过互联网同时由17人找到的。再次，这种鸟被称为“圣杯鸟”是因为它过于稀少，就像传说中存在但谁都没见过的圣杯一样，而并不是因为它很神圣。因此这道题选择D，可以在第一段的最后一句找到线索。
2. By saying that the book of "Grail Bird" could "easily be a book about the hunt for Bigfoot", the author means that _____.A. the book is merely about the hunt for impossible things.
B. if the bird had not been discovered by the researchers, the book would have been like all the books about Bigfoot - only legends, no facts and truths.
C. the hunt for the ivory-billed woodpecker enjoys similarity to the hunt for Bigfoot, because both of them are rare animals.
D. the book is about the human obsession of finding legendary animals and about their guilty conscience facing nature.
A B C D
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B
选项A不对，因为这并不是一本单纯关于寻找根本不存在的事物的读本，而有其更深刻的意义。C不对因为这里的“大脚怪”代指一切只存在于传说中而非现实中的动物，如果这本书最后变成像追寻“大脚怪”的书一样，则表示动物没有找到，书只是人类一系列盲目猜想的集合。D不对并不是因为这句话说错了，而是因为与这句话的意思不符，原文这种句话是说“要不是作者最后发现了这种奇异的鸟类，这奉书很可能会像所有讲述寻找大脚怪的书一样，只是一堆空想的集合，没有最终结果”。因此选择B。
3. Concerning the style of the book, it is revealed in the text that _____.A. it is a normal book of discovering trip, with no particular style.
B. it is stylish in its narration and the characters are vivid.
C. its style is not so perfect especially concerning the trivia/talks of the characters and the too
incidental details.
D. readers do not like the trivial style of this book.
A B C D
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C
选项A不对，因为与原文不符，文中还是提到它的特有之处。B不对，因为它的叙述并不十分成功，人物说话太多，细节过于零散。D不对，因为文中提到读者并不介意。
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Fielding Lewis has taken two pictures of the bird, but it was too fuzzy and he was mistakenly discredited.
B. The author believes that the woodpecker-whisperer do have a telepathic connection to the birds.
C. The quality of the book may not so perfect in itself, but there is still something to be cherished and reflected on.
D. There is much sweating, sitting and waiting before the completion of the book.
A B C D
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B
因为文中作者使用了“claim”一词，表示这个人宣称是这样，但事实不一定。
5. From this article, we may draw the conclusion that _____.A. The focus on the bird is an important yet missing characteristic, and without it even the successful discovery will seem hollow.
B. It is not the bird but the human efforts that attract a lot of readers' attention.
C. The article argues that the book is with great content and great focus.
D. Although the book is not stylish, readers still find interesting things in its characterization and extended hist0ry of the bird.
A B C D
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A
这篇文章的最后提到书应该更加着重于鸟本身，因为这才是吸引读者眼球的地方，而本书做的似乎不足。因此只有A是正确的选项。
TEXT A
6. Before a big exam, a sound night's sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then "edited'' at night, to flush away what is superfluous.
To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as ff watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.
Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern--what is referred to as "artificial grammar". Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.
What is more, those with more to learn (i. e., the "grammar", as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The "editing" theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.
The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.
A B C D
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C
细节题。文中第一段提到他们对为什么睡眠对记忆有好处持有不同的观点，因此C“为什么睡眠对记忆有很大的好处”为正确选项。而选项A“梦是如何在其过程中得到改变的”，选项B“睡眠和苏醒的区别”和选项D“好睡眠的功能”均不是他们分歧的观点。
TEXT A
During the 1970's and 1980's political extremism and terrorism frequently focused on "national liberation" and economic issues. The collapse of the Soviet bloc, and the ending of its covert funding and encouragement of terrorism led to a decline in the militant and violent left-wing terrorist groups that were a feature of the age.
The 1990% have seen the development of a "new terrorism". This is not to say that state-backed terrorism has ceased, but rather that the spectrum of terrorism has widened. This new extremism is frequently driven by religious fervor, is transnational, sanctions extreme violence, and may often be millenialist. The new terrorism may seek out military or government targets, but it also seeks out symbolic civilian targets, and the victims have mostly been innocent civilians.
Growing concern about this new terrorism has been paralleled by concern about the employment of the new information and communication technologies (ICT's).
ICT's offer a new dimension for political extremists and terrorists. They allow the diffusion of command and control; they allow boundless new opportunities for communication, and they allow the players to target the information stores, processes and communications of their opponents. The sophistication of the modern nation-state, and its dependency on computer-based ICT's, make the state ever more vulnerable.
The use of ICT's to influence, modify, disrupt or damage a nation state, its institutions or population by influencing the media, or by subversion, has been called "netwar". The full range of weapons in the cyberspace armory can be employed in netwar; from propaganda campaigns at one level to interference with databases and networks at the other. What particularly distinguishes netwar from other forms of war is that it targets information and communications, and may be used to alter thinking or disrupt planned actions. In this sense it can be distinguished from earlier forms of warfare —economic wars that target the means of production, and political wars that target leadership and government.
Netwar is therefore of particular interest to those engaged in non-military war, or those operating at sub-state level. Clearly nation states might also consider it, as an adjunct to military war or as an option prior to moving on to military war. So far, however, it appears to be of greater interest to extremist advocacy groups and terrorists. Because there are no physical limits or boundaries, netwar has been adopted by groups who operate across great distances or transnationally. The growth of such groups, and their growing powers in relation to those of nation states, suggests an evolving power-based relationship for both. Military strategist Martin Van Creveld has suggested that war in the future is more likely to be waged between such groups and states rather than between states and states.
Most modern adversaries of nation states in the realm of low intensity conflict, such as international terrorists, single-issue extremists and ethnic and religious extremists are organized in networks, although their leadership may sometimes be hierarchical. Law enforcement and security agencies therefore often have difficulty in engaging in low intensity conflict against such networks because they are ill suited to do so. Their doctrine, training and modus operandi have, all too often, been predicated on combating a hierarchy of command, like their own.
Only now are low-intensity conflict and terrorism recognized as "strategic" threats to nation states, and countries which until very recently thought that terrorism was something that happened elsewhere, have become victims themselves.
The Tokyo subway attack by the Aum Shinriko and the Oklahoma City bombing would have been unthinkable a generation ago, and not only was the civil population unprepared, but also law enforcement. And this despite clear warning signs that such attacks were in the offing.
The potential for physical conflict to be replaced by attacks on information infrastructures has caused states to rethink their concepts of warfare, threats and national assets, at a time when information is recognized as a national asset. The adoption of new information technologies and the use of new communication media, such as the Internet, create vulnerabilities that can be exploited by individuals, organizations and states.
7. Which of the following is a major feature of the new terrorism? A. It obtains financial support from foreign powers.
B. It focuses on military targets of the enemy states.
C. It tends to be organized in a hierarchical manner.
D. It may choose important civilian targets to attack.
A B C D
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D
8. Netwar should be understood as a war aimed at ______. A. disrupting the enemy's communication systems
B. damaging the institutions of the enemy state
C. manipulating the enemy's means of production
D. destroying the leadership of the enemy state
A B C D
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A
9. We can infer from the passage that ______. A. traditional terrorism was mainly driven by religious fervor
B. ideological differences will continue to be a cause of terrorism
C. attacks from small terrorist groups will increasing
D. the high-tech weapons will greatly facilitate terrorist attacks
A B C D
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C
10. The best title of the passage is ______. A. ICT: A New Weapon for Terrorism
B. Netwar: An Unfamiliar Form of Warfare
C. Internet: A Vulnerable Target of Extremists
D. "New Terrorism": A Real Threat to the World
A B C D
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B
11. The main difficulty the police have in combating terrorist groups is ______. A. their poor equipment
B. the insufficiency of budget
C. their obsolete way of command
D. the transnational nature of the new terrorism
A B C D
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C
TEXT A
1Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for "academic mobility" is now often stated in impressive terms as fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.
2Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.
3In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.
4Apart from the vehicle itself, some main factors are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centers of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.
5In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centers of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of co- operation, and provide them with most satisfactory stimulus.
6But as the specializations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there has been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.
12. Literally, "academic mobility" means_________.A. academic traveling B. sharing ideas and experiences
C. academic research
D. transmission of knowledge
A B C D
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A
本题为细节理解题。据第1段的前两句可知。
13. It is suggested in Para. 2 that_________.A. academic mobility may enhance scientific research
B. academic mobility may promote interpersonal relations
C. scientific researchers may be subject to misunderstanding
D. scientific researchers work in collaboration worldwide
A B C D
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C
本题为一般推理题。据第2段最后1句可推知。
14. The number of specialists has enormously increased mainly because of_________.A. academic mobility B. interdisciplinary research
C. specialization
D. modernization of transportation
A B C D
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D
本题为细节理解题。据第5段第1句可知。
15. According to the passage, interdisciplinary studies are characterized by all the following EXCEPT that_________.A. they involve the joint efforts of scholars from different disciplines
B. they depend on the knowledge of different disciplines
C. they promote academic contact among people from different disciplines
D. they represent a newly emerging movement as against specializations
A B C D
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A
本题为细节归纳题。据最后1段倒数第2句可排除C；据最后1段第1句可排除B和D。跨学科研究未必需要不同学科的专家联手研究。
[难点解析]
1．along the same lines：沿着相同的路线或方向。
2．Which by Widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous mumber of specialists．．．：此定语从句中的by短语的本来位置应在produce的宾语之后，由于宾语太长而采用倒装结构。
3．throw up：这里表示“施加”。
TEXT A
As one of the developed countries in Asia, Japan has been sought hegemony in Asia because of its strong power in economy. How about its present economic situation? Today let's talk about this question. Once a symbol of enormous economic growth, Japan has plunged into a deep recession with the burst of its bubble economy beginning in the early 1990's. This is, without a doubt, the worst economic crisis facing this country since the end of World War II. One wonders if Japan can see its way through the storm and overcome these latest doldrums.
In the 1980' s, real estate prices soared to super inflated levels, and investors sank their money into the booming stock market. There seemed to be no end in sight for the land of' the rising sun. Everything was rising, and the government, financial institutions, and individuals paid little heed to the warning signs of an imminent crash. Then, the bubble burst, and land and stock prices plunged.
What is the result of the crash? Many companies have faltered due to poor sales and bad debt, and have closed their doers. The domino effect on many financial institutions is that they must bear an enormous number of unrecoverable loads, which have resulted when companies, depending on profits from land in- vestments to repay loans, have found themselves insolvent. Furthermore, many individual depositors, fearing a collapse of more banks and securities companies, have withdrawn their money in droves.
Attempts by the government to revitalize the sluggish and contracting economy have proven fruitless. Pump -priming measures including tax cuts and public works spending have done little to put the economy on tract again. What's more, the government's decision to increase the consumption tax from 3 to 5 per- cent in 1997 has had a devastating impact on consumer spending. As for the business sector, companies have tried various measures to streamline management, but other ill effects of such policies, including rising uuemployment among older workers, have surfaced and have dealt a huge blow to the recovery process.
Japan' s faltering economy has had an impact on other Asian countries, and some fear that the whole region will be drawn into depression. What will stem the tide of further economic collapse? For one, Japan must stabilize its financial system and take immediate and effective measures to deal with non-performing loans. Revealing the severity of the problem to the public and foreign governments is an essential first step. A more vital solution might be to institute a permanent tax cut to stimulate consumer spending and confidence in the government's handling of the situation. Ultimately, this will encourage domestic demand for goods and services and will be the driving force behind much of the recovery. That' s the bottom line. Of course, many more factors including deregulation will play a vital role in expediting economic stabilization and growth.
Whatever the case, action must be carried out swiftly and decisively. A passive and reticent approach to reform and change is what has hampered any improvement so far. Other nations have encouraged Japan to step up the pace of implementing change, but Japan must make the first step... or else we might be witnessing the setting of this great rising sun.
16. Japan' s current economic crisis is the worst since ______. A. World War I B. World War II
C. the Gulf War
D. the Korean War
A B C D
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B
[解题思路] 从5个题的问题及选项中，可推断出本文主要是谈论日本的泡沫经济及经济危机给日本带来的严重后果，日本政府为此采取了一定的措施，但可能收效甚微，因此发言者提出了日本恢复经济所必须采取的措施。
[关键词语]economic，bubble，inflate，measures，tax cuts，stimulate
[详细解答] 从"This is without a doubt，the worst economic crisis facing this country since the end of World War Ⅱ”即可直接得出结论：日本目前的经济危机是自二战以来最严重的—次危机。因此答案为B。而其余三个选项在文中均未提到。
17. What occurred during the bubble years of Japan's economy? A. Money poured into the bullish stock market.
B. The value of the Japanese yen rose sharply.
C. Financial institutions invested overseas.
D. Many individual depositors have withdrawn their money in droves.
A B C D
这道题您没有回答: ×这道题分数为:1.0
A
[详细解答] 从“In the 1980’s，real estate prices soared to super inflated levels，and investors sank their money into the booming stock market．”可知，日本的泡沫经济呈现出房地产飞涨，股票高涨的现象，所以投资者纷纷买股票。所以答案应为A。
18. Why have many companies gone bankrupt in recent years? A. Inability to compete. B. Sluggish sales.
C. Fewer exports.
D. More imports.
A B C D
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B
[详细解答] 从"Many companies have faltered due to poor sales and bad debt，and have closed their doors．中可知，许多公司因为产品销售缓慢，资金收不回来而纷纷倒闭，故只有选项B符合。
19. What is one measure the government has implemented to revitalize the economy? A. Streamlining the political bureaucracy.
B. Lowering the consumption tax.
C. Spending on the country' s social infrastructure.
D. Encourage companies to export their goods.
A B C D
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C
[详细解答] 说到日本政府为恢复经济采取的措施，可从"Pump—priming measures including tax cuts and public works spending have done little to put the economy on tract again．What’s more，the government’s decision to increase the consumption tax from 3 to 5 per cent in 1997 has had a devastating impact on consumer spending．”中得出答案，不是B而是C，而A、D 并未提到。
20. According to the passage, what step will have the most impact on the recovery at this point?
A. Decentralizing of the government.
B. Initiating a permanent tax cut.
C. Dealing with non -performing loans.
D. Encourage investors to put their money into the stock market.
A B C D
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B
[详细解答] “A more vital solution might be to institute a permanent tax cut to stimulate consumer spending and confidence in the government’s handling of the situation．”中很清楚地指出恢复经济的关键措施在于持续减税，即答案为B。
考试结果
计算公式((正确得分累加/小题累加总分)*总分=总得分)
大题题量总分小题累加总分正确得分累加总得分正确率
第1大题20 0 20 0 0 0%
当前为打印模式
89:55
TEXT A
TEXT A
The University in transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow's universities by writers representing both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.
The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University—a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery, of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at
once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world's great libraries.
Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a "college education in a box" could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.
On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content—or other dangers—will necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.
Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become "if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?"
Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow's university faculty，instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmers for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like today's faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.
A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley's view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.
Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be "enrolled" in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between-or even during—sessions at a real-world problem-focused institution.
As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.
1. When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University, ______. A) he is in favor of it.
B) his view is balanced.
C) he is slightly critical of it. D) he is strongly critical of it.
A B C D
D
针对Internet University，本文第二段提出了许多的advantages，随后的第三段则是其存在的dangers，可见文中对网络大学的利弊均进行了客观的陈述，在观点上不存在倾向性。
2. Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University? A) Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.
B) Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.
C) Internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.
D) The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.
A B C D
A
文中关于网络大学潜在弊端的介绍主要在第三段中。通过…throwing thousands of career academics out of work，可排除B)；C)可由…enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum排除；
D)也可以从…a few superstar teachers排除；A)谈到“网络课程比传统课程节省费用”，这是件好事，不是其潜在的危险。
3. According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?
A) Knowledge learning and career building.
B) Learning how to solve existing social problems.
C) Researching into solutions to current world problems.
D) Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.
A B C D
A
文中在第五段第一句中提到了…fundamental mission of traditional university education，结合第二句中的语句…instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers，可知传统大学的基本功能是knowledge learning and career building。
4. Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrow's university faculty, university teachers ______. A) are required to conduct more independent research.
B) are required to offer more course to their students.
C) are supposed to assume more demanding duties.
D) are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.
A B C D
C
文章从第六段起，对将来大学教员所扮演的角色进行了介绍。从第六段第一句中的…in stead of giving lectures and conducting independent research，排除A)；从第二句中的…assembling
customized degree-credit programmers for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world.，可以看出将来对大学教员的要求越来越高，要将世界各地大学的优秀课程进行整合之后再传授给学生，即C)所述，而不是B)所述的简单地“提供更多的课程”；由…are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty.，可知大学教员将来不是“管理更多的自己专业的学生”，而是要“和更多其他专业的学生接触”，排除D)。
5. Which category of writing does the review Belong to? A) Narration. B) Description.
C) Persuasion. D) Exposition.
A B C D
D
全文主要是对一本书的主要内容进行了介绍，很显然应该归为exposition(说明文)之列。TEXT A
A Frenchman, the psychologist Alfred Binet, published the first standardized test of human intelligence in 1905. But it was an American, Lewis Terman, a psychology professor at Stanford, who thought to divide a test taker's "mental age", as revealed by that score, by his or her chronological age to derive a number that he called the "intelligence quotient", or IQ. It would be hard to think of a pop-scientific coinage that has had a greater impact of the way people think about themselves and others.
No country embraced the IQ--and the application of IQ testing to restructure society--more thoroughly than the U.S.. Every year millions of Americans have their IQ measured, many with a direct descendant of Binet's original test, the Stanford-Binet, although not necessarily for the purpose Binet intended. He developed his test as a way of identifying public school students who needed extra help in learning, and that is still one of its leading uses.
But the broader and more controversial use of IQ testing has its roots in a theory of intelligence--part science, part sociology --that developed in the late 19th century, before Binte's work and entirely separate from it. Championed first by Charles Darwin' s cousin Francis Galton, it held that intelligence was the most valuable human attribute, and that if people who had a lot of it could be identified and put in leadership positions, all of society would benefit.
Terman believed IQ tests should be used to conduct a great sorting out of the population, so that young people would be assigned on the basis of their scores to particular levels in the school system, which would lead to corresponding socioeconomic destinations in adult life. The beginning of the IQ-testing movement overlapped with the eugenics movement--hugely popular in America and Europe among the "better sort" before Hitler gave it a bad name--which held that intelligence was mostly inherited and that people-deficient in it should be discouraged from reproducing. The state sterilization that Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes notoriously endorsed in a 1927 Supreme Court decision was done with an IQ score as justification.
The American IQ promoters scored a great coup during World War I when they persuaded the
Army to give IQ tests to 1.7 million inductees. It was the world's first mass administration of an intelligence test, and many of the standardized tests in use today can be traced back to it: the now ubiquitous and obsessed-over SAT(Study Ability Test); the Wechsler, taken by several million people a year, according to its publisher; and Terman' s own National Intelligence Test, originally used in tracking elementary school children. All these tests took from the Army the basic technique of measuring intelligence mainly by asking vocabulary questions (synonyms, antonyms, analogies, reading comprehension).
6. According to Termon's theory, a twelve-year-old boy's mental age is 10, then his IQ number is about______. A. 0.8 B.0.9
C. 1.0
D. 1.2
A B C D
A
[点拨] 第一段讲述了计算方法，用mental age除以实际年龄，即10/12等于0.8，故选A。
7. IQ test is origin ally used to ______. A. find out the students who need extra help in learning
B. assign young people to different majors
C. select the acceptable recruits for army
D. select the leaders for society
A B C D
A
[点拨] 见第四段，overlap意为重合、交迭，刚开始，IQ测试同优生运动交迭。故选A。
8. The viewpoint that intelligence was mostly inherited and people deficient in intelligence should be discouraged from reproducing was held by ______. A. IQ-testing movement
B. Eugenic movement
C. Hitler
D. both IQ-testing and Eugenic movements
A B C D
D
[点拨] 见第四段，这种看法是希特勒的观点，故选D。
9. What does the author probably mean by "scored a great coup" (Para. 5)? A. Failed.
B. Succeeded.
C. Criticized.
D. Advocated.
A B C D
B
[点拨] 第五段开头讲到了一战中，IQ倡导者说服军方对应召入伍的士兵进行测试，这是一大突破，故据此含义，该短语的意思应为B。
TEXT A
Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.
There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from GeorgeA. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number, Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.
When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Un- fortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.
Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more clues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization. (426)
10. The underlined word "elapses" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. passes
B. adds up
C. appears
D. continues
A B C D
词汇推断题。原文第一段说大多数人能够记忆一个电话号码差不多持续30秒钟。当这个短暂的时间过去，号码就从记忆中被抹掉了。因此正确答案是A。
11. Why does the author mention a dog's bark?A. It is a type of memory.
B. It is a type of interruption.
C. Dogs have better memories than humans.
D. A dog's bark is similar to a doorbell.
A B C D
B
事实细节题。选项A不是作者提到的原因，选项C没有在原文中体现，选项D是干扰项，在原文中是作为例子出现的。因此正确答案是B。
12. The author believes that "rote rehearsal" is ______.A. the best way to remember something B. more efficient than chunking
C. ineffective in the long run
D. an unnecessary interruption
A B C D
C
事实细节题。选项A和“not an efficient way”矛盾。作者没有比较rote rehearsal和chunking，因而选项B不正确。选项D不合逻辑。因此正确答案是C。
13. Why does the author mention doorbell rings?A. It is a type of information. B. It is a type of break.
C. It is a type of incentive.
D. It is a type of warning.
A B C D
B
事实细节题。选项A不是作者提出的原因。原文没有提到选项C和选项D。因此正确答案是B。
TEXT A
Jackson Carnegie Library was on the same street where our house was, on the other side of the State Capitol. "Through the Capitol" was the way to go to the Library. You could glide through it on your bicycle or even coast through on roller skates, though without family permission.
I never knew any one who'd grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway, our librarian. She ran the Library absolutely by herself, from the desk where she sat with her back to the books and facing the stairs, her dragon eye on the front door, where who knew what kind of
person might come in from the public? SILENCE in big black letters was on signs tacked up everywhere. She herself spoke in her normally commanding voice; every word could be heard all over the Library above a steady seething sound coming from her electric fan; it was the only fan in the Library and stood on her desk, turned directly onto her streaming face.
As you came in from the bright outside, if you were a girl, she sent her strong eyes down the stairway to test you; if she could see through your skirt, she sent you straight back home: you could just put on another petticoat if you wanted a book that badly from the public library. I was willing; I would do anything to read.
My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books for myself. She took me in to introduce me and I saw I had met a witch. "Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adult," Mother said.
Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the Library on the same day you'd taken it out; it made no difference to her that you'd read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only; this applied as long as you were a child and also for the rest of your life, to my mother as severely as to me. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. Every book I seized on, from Bunny Brown and His Sister Sue at Camp Rest-A-While to Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea, stood for the devouring wish to read being instantly granted. I knew this was bliss, knew it at the time. Taste isn't nearly so important; it comes in its own time. I wanted to read immediately. The only fear was that--there would be no more books left.
My mother share this feeling of insatiability. Now, I remember her reading so much of the time while doing something else. In my mind's eye, The Origin of Species is lying on the shelf in the pantry under a light dusting of flour--my mother was a bread maker; she'd pick it up, sit by the kitchen window and find her place, with one eye on the oven. I remember her picking up The Man in Lower Ten, while my hair got dry enough to unroll from a load of kid curlers trying to make me like my idol, Mary Pick ford. A generation later, when my brother Walter was away in the Navy and his two little girls often spent the day in our house, I remember Mother reading the new issue of Time magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red Riding Hood" with the children. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer--in character--"The better to eat you with, my dear," and go back to her place in the war news.
14. What description best fits Mrs. Calloway, as the author perceived her? A. A warm-hearted person. B. An awesome person.
C. A substitute mother.
D. A tutor.
A B C D
B
本文第二段第一句是双重否定句：I never．．．without．．一它清楚地表明了作者对Mrs．Calloway是敬畏的，因此选B。
15. Which of the following was a rule in Mrs. Calloway's library? A. Children could check out only two books at a time, but adults could take four books.
B. Children and adults could check out only four books at a time.
C. Children and adults could check out only two books at a time.
D. Children could check out books only when accompanied by an adult.
A B C D
C
从第五段第三句我们得知不论大人还是小孩，每人每次只能借两本书，因此C是正确答案。
16. The author's attitude toward reading was probably influenced most strongly by the fact that______. A. her mother loved to read:
B. her house was located near the library
C. she liked going to the library
D. she liked the librarian
A B C D
A
在最后一段，作者描述了她母亲是如何喜爱读书。该段第一句中this feeling of insatiability 指其渴求读书。可见作者深受她母亲的影响，因此选A。
TEXT A
In the evenings, they go to the mall. Once a week or more. Sometimes, they even leave the dinner dishes in the sink so they will have enough time to finish all the errands. The father never comes he hates shopping, especially with his wife, Instead, he stays at home to read the paper and put around his study. To do things that the other dads must be doing in the evenings. To summon the sand to come rushing in and plug up his ears with its roaring silence.
Meanwhile, the mother arms herself with returns from the last trip. Her two young daughters fro get games of flashlight tag or favorite TV shows and strap on tennis shoes and seatbelts: and they're off. On summer nights, when it's light until after, the fireflies arrive, the air is heavy and moist. The daughters unroll their windows and stick the whole of their heads out into the slate blue sky, feeling full force the sweaty, honey suckle air. In the cold mall, their rubber soles squeak on shiny linoleum squares. The younger daughter tries not to step on any cracks. The older daughter keeps a straight-ahead gaze; her sullen eyes count down each errand as it's dune.
It is not until the third or, on a good night, the fourth errand that the trouble begins. The girls have wandered over to examine rainbow beach towels, perhaps, or some kind of pink ruffled bedspread. The mother's voice finds them from a few aisles away.
Dinner squirms in the daughters' stomachs. Now comes that what if I-threw-up-right this second? or where-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into? feeling that they get around this time of evening, at the mall. The older one shakes her ponytails at the younger one. Her blue eyes hiss the
careful-don't-cry warning, but the younger one's cheeks only get redder. Toe by toe, the daughters edge towards housewares where they finger lace placemats or trace patterns in the store carpet with sneakered soles. The mother's voice still finds them, shaking with rage. Finally, heels slapping in her sandals, she strides towards them and then keeps going. They follow, catching her word-trail, "Stupid people. Stupid, stupid', stupid. I HATE stupid people." It's the little skips between steps the younger one takes to keep up with her mother's long, angry legs. It's the car door slamming and the seat belt buckle yanked into place. It's those things that tell the daughters how the next few hours will go.
In the car, the older one sighs and grinds her back teeth. The younger one feels her face get hotter and her eyes start to swell. She stares at an ice cream stain on the back of the front .4eat and sees a pony, a flower, and a fairy in that splash of chocolate mint chip. The mother begins on both at once. "And when we get home, if your shoes are still in the TV room, I'm throwing them out. Same for books. No more shit house. No more lazy, ungrateful kids. "And so on and so on through the black velvet sky and across the Hershey bar roads. On into the house with a slap or two. "You'll be happy when I'm in my grave," wails at them as they put on their nightgowns and brush their teeth. The older one sets a stone jaw and the younger one tries not to sob an she opens wide, engulfing her small hand and. scrubbing each and every molar.
The father is not spared. The volcanic mother saves some up just for him. "Fucking lousy husband Do-nothing father." And on like that for an hour or so more. Then in the darkest part of the night, it's bare feet and cool hands on a small sweaty forehead. Kisses and caresses and "Sorry Mom got a little mad." Promises for that pink ruffled bedspread or maybe a new stuffed animal. Long fingers rake through the younger one's curls. "Tomorrow evening, we'll get you some kind of treat, Right after dinner, we'll go to the mall."
17. From the first paragraph, we get the impression that ______. [A] the father is inert.
[B] their life is bustling,
[C] the evenings are exciting. [D] the mother is constantly nagging.
A B C D
B
推断题。由题干定位至首段。第三句指出：they even leave the dinner dishes in the sink so they will have enough time to finish all the errands，既然为了购物她们连碗都来不及洗，可见生活很忙乱。第四句提到爸爸不愿意和妈妈一块儿购物，但没有提及原因，排除[D]“妈妈总是唠叨”。首段并未对他们在夜晚的感受进行评论，排除[C]。
18. According to the .passage, 'the two daughters seem to ______. [A] enjoy the evening's shopping in the beginning.
[B] be reluctant to run errands with the mother.
[C] enjoy browsing various kinds of items.
[D] he glad to help their mother with housework.
A B C D
学校读书活动计划 2017年 铁岭县镇西堡镇中心小学 2017年3月
学校读书活动计划 2017年我们学校将继续扎实开展师生读书活动，培养学生良好的阅读习惯和浓厚的读书兴趣，开阔视野，增长知识，开发智力，陶冶情操，充实文化底蕴，提高综合实践能力。能利用图书室、网络，搜集自己需要的信息和资料，小学生课外阅读总量不少于100万字。 具体活动内容： 一、“书香校园”创建活动。 1.教师读书 （1）学期初全体教师每人制定个人读书计划。 （2）完善图书室、阅览室建设管理，让“沉淀”的图书“流动”起来，使之成为教师借书、读书的开放港湾。 （3）读书网络。提倡教师去图书室阅读教育教学杂志，认真阅读、做笔记；加强信息技术培训，促进网络阅读，为教师提供一个开放的“图书馆”。 （4）本学期每位教师必读一至两本教育专著，同时认真写好读书笔记。 （5）教师每学期撰写两篇读书心得体会（必须是原创）。 2.学生读书 （1）班主任老师制定切实可行的班级读书活动计划。 （2）营造读书氛围。本学期，继续加强班级图书角建设（各班可以发动学生推荐捐赠好书供全班学生共同阅读），学校图书室定期对学生开放，使学生有书可读。 （3）充分利用好每天的晨读、午读以及课前2分钟的读书时间，按要求读指定
的内容，长期坚持下去。 （4）大力推进课外阅读行动。本学期鼓励每位学生购买一本好书（参见《小学各年级好书推荐》），学校要求各班学生必须会背《弟子规》。另外根据年级不同，一至三年级每位学生读10个成语故事，10个童话故事，可以背诵《三字经》、《道德经》以及积累好词、好句、好段；四至六年级每位学生读10个神话故事，10个寓言故事，10个历史故事，四至六年级学生每人写5——10篇读书笔记，高年级学生要注重积累成语知识，背诵名言警句、古诗词、经典美文等。 （5）加强书香校园活动资料的收集与整理，重视学生的读书成果的积累。 3.家庭读书活动 在家庭内开展“亲子共读”活动，充分发挥社会、家长的作用，使其成为学校读书活动的支持者、宣传者和参与者、建设者。建议家长将每周周日一小时的时间定为“读书时间”，和孩子共同阅读，共同提高，营造家庭读书氛围（家长可以把陪孩子读书的小视频发到班级的微信群）。有条件的家庭，要经常带孩子到书店购书，到图书馆借书，拓宽读书渠道，倡导家长在孩子过生日时以书为礼品。 二、“好书大家读活动”。 学校根据各年级实际情况，制定出各年级每学期的必背、必读书目和推荐读书内容，各班充分利用早读、读书课或课余时间开展读书活动，如：好书推荐、课前3—5分钟“说”名著活动（介绍内容、讲情节、讲心得等均可）、经典回味、美文共享、心得交流、诗文诵读、读书方法大擂台等，此项活动须长期坚持，形成制度，形成特色。 三、“书香班级”、“阅读之星”的评选活动。 1.环境布置 搞好班级图书角的建设：在各班教室后方放置统一的图书柜，鼓励学生捐书，
Unit 8 Section A Animals or children?—A scientist's choice 动物还是孩子？——一位科学家的选择 1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury — circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research. 1 我就是那个敌人！我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。这些谣言刺痛了我，因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。我成为一位儿科医生，因为我爱孩子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。在医学院学习和住院医生实习时，我看到了许多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血——虽然对此医学正取得很大进步，但远非完善。更重要的是，我还看到孩子们能保持健康得益于医学的进步，如婴儿呼吸支持器，功效强大的新药物和外科手术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。我希望孩子们健康快乐，这促使我从事医学研究。 2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine. Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists. 2 控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话，并把我描写成恶魔。他们声称我没有道德界限，我折磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁，而我的实验根本与医药毫不相关。与此同时，无动于衷的公众几乎不闻不问，相信这个议题毫无意义，而具有宣传意识的参议员和政治家们却对动物权利活动家的游说不断作出让步。 3We,in medical research,have also been unbelievably uncaring.We have allowed the most extr eme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of"animal fraud"and hatred. We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal research for public health.Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emoti onal tone of the argument.Perhaps we should have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds. 3我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。我们允许最极端的动物权利活动家渐渐侵入，任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物的仇恨。我们一直坚信，有知识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要性。也许我们的错误是没有对这场争论的感性基调作出反应。也许我们早应该挥动着儿童死于癌症或外伤的同样令人伤心的海报，来回应那些关于动物受害的伤感标语及海报。 4In the animal rights forum,much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the name of medical science.Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our ev il and cruel nature.A more reasonable argument,however,can be advanced in our defense.Life i
骑桶者 【奥地利】卡夫卡 煤全部烧光了;煤桶空了;煤铲也没有用了;火炉里透出寒气，灌得满屋冰凉。窗外的树木呆立在严霜中;天空成了一面银灰色的盾牌，挡住向苍天求助的人。我得弄些煤来烧;我可不能活活冻死;我的背后是冷酷的火炉，我的面前是同样冷酷的天空，因此我必须快马加鞭，在它们之间奔驰，在它们之间向煤店老板要求帮助。可是煤店老板对于我的通常的请求已经麻木不仁;我必须向他清楚地证明，我连一星半点煤屑都没有了，而煤店老板对我来说不啻是天空中的太阳。我这回前去，必须像一个乞丐，由于饥饿难当，奄奄一息，快要倒毙在门槛上，女主人因此赶忙决定，把最后残剩的咖啡倒给我;同样，煤店老板虽说非常生气，但在十诚之一“不可杀人”的光辉照耀下，也将不得不把一铲煤投进我的煤桶。 我怎么去法必将决定此行的结果;我因此骑着煤桶前去。骑桶者的我，两手握着桶把一一最简单的挽具，费劲地从楼梯上滚下去;但是到了楼下，我的煤桶就向上升起来了，妙哉，妙哉;平趴在地上的骆驼，在赶骆驼的人的棍下摇晃着身体站起来时，也不过尔尔。它以均匀的速度穿过冰凉的街道;我时常被升到二层楼那么高;但是我从未下降到齐房屋大门那么低。我极不寻常地高高飘浮在煤店老板的地窖穹顶前，而煤店老板正在这地窖里伏在小桌上写字;为了把多余的热气排出去，地窖的门是开着的。 “煤店老板!”我喊道，那急切的声音裹在呼出的热气里，在严寒中显得格外沉浊，“煤店老板，求你给我一点煤吧，我的煤桶已经空了，因此我可以骑着它来到这里。行行好吧，我有了钱，就会给你的。” 煤店老板把一只手放在耳朵边上。“我没有听错吧?”他转过头去问他坐在火炉旁边的长凳上织毛衣的妻子，“我没有听错吧?是一位顾客。” “我什么也没有听见。”妻子说，她平静地呼吸着，一面编织毛衣，一面舒服地背靠着火炉取暖。 “噢，是的，”我喊道，“是我啊;一个老主顾;向来守信用;只是眼下没钱了。” “我的老伴，”煤店老板说，“是的，是有人；我不会弄错的;一定是一个老主顾，一个有年头的老主顾，他知道怎样来打动我的心。” “你怎么啦，当家的?”妻子说，她把毛衣搁在胸前，暂歇片刻，“没有人，街上空空的，我们已经给所有的顾客供应了煤;我们可以歇业几天，休息一下。” “可是我正坐在这儿的煤桶上，”我喊道，寒冷所引起的没有感情的眼泪模糊了我的眼睛，“请你们抬头看看，你们就会发现我的；我请求你们给我一铲子煤；如果你们给我两铲，那我就喜出望外了。所有别的顾客你们确实都已供应过了。啊，但愿我能听到煤块在这只桶里滚动的响声!” “我来了。”煤店老板说。他正要迈动短腿走上地窖的台阶，他的妻子却已经走到了他的身边，拉住他的手臂说:“你待在这儿。如果你还固执己见的话，那就让我上去。想想你昨天夜里咳嗽咳得多么历害。只为一件买卖，而且只是一件凭空想象出来的买卖，你就忘记了你的妻儿，要让你的肺遭殃。还是我去。” “那么你就告诉他我们库房里所有煤的品种;我来给你报价格。” “好。”他的妻子说。她走上了台阶，来到街上。她当然马上看到了我。“老板娘，”我喊道，“衷心地向你问好;我只要一铲子煤;放进这儿的桶里就行了;我自己把它运回家去;一铲最次的煤也行。钱我当然是要全数照付的，不过我不能马上付，不能马上。”“不能马上”这两个词多么像钟声啊，它们和刚才听到的附近教堂尖塔上晚钟的声响混合在起，又是怎样地使人产生了错觉啊！
为提高办学品质，打造特色学校，营造“书香校园”，走内涵发展之路，我校开展了以“全员诵读海量阅读”为主题的阅读工作，现总结汇报如下： 一、营造氛围优化阅读环境 为积极营造以人为本的育人环境，我校加大资金投入从五个方面优化阅读环境，营造浓厚的阅读氛围，让师生融入浓浓的书香氛围中。 1.营造班级阅读环境。建立班级图书角35个，及时更新适合孩子阅读的书籍。加强班级“悦读”主题文化建设，手抄报、读书体会、好书推荐、名言警句、个人读书照片等等应有尽有，精彩纷呈，每月更换。 2.营造教师办公室阅读环境。教师办公室里增设书柜、报刊架，针对性摆放书籍，方便教师随时阅读。 3.营造楼道阅读环境。教学楼过道因地制宜设立开放阅读区，孩子们在课余时间随时阅读自己喜欢的书籍。并在楼道内布置了新书推荐、读书方法、名人读书故事等内容的版面，营造了阅读氛围。 4.营造图书阅览室环境。改扩建图书阅览室100余平米，增加书架14个，书桌18套。美化墙壁，布置展板，摆放盆景花卉，环境优雅，温馨贴心，使孩子们静心畅游书海。 5.营造校园阅读环境。在校园突出位置温馨提示“今天你读书了吗？增设四块好书推荐、我爱读书、我会读书、读书名人名言主题板报，激发师生读书欲望。 二、强化保障培养读书习惯 2017年是我校的“读书习惯养成年”。围绕年度目标，成立了以校长为组长的“创建书香校园”活动领导小组，统一思想，加强领导，责任到人，强化物质保障、制度保障、时间保障。 1.制度保证 制定、完善了《新建小学阅读十三五规划》《2017年年度阅读行动规划》《2017年阅读考核评价办法》《阅读先进工作者、书香班级、书香少年评选方案》等，规定小学六年，每个孩子至少背诵2000首古诗，阅读90本书；教师每学期至少读两本教育教学类书籍或经典名著，读学生书目两本。 2、物质保障 为满足师生读书要求，上学年投资7万元新增图书5000余册，开放图书阅览室，延长服务时间，保证师生能读到适合自己的书籍，免费为师生设计、定制阅读笔记本，培养学生做读书笔记的号习惯。 3、时间保障 晨诵20分钟、课前2分钟诵读、路队诵读5分钟、课间操后诵读2分钟，每天下午最后一节课师生共读40分钟、每天晚上亲子共读30分钟、假期每天阅读1小时以上。学校领导和教导处专人检查量化，检查结果及时公布并计入绩效考核。 三、纳入课程构建“悦读”课程体系 构建了“悦”读课程体系，真正让学生“少做题，多读书，好读书，读好书，读整本的书”，努力打造“书香校园”。 1.每天一节自主阅读课（每天下午最后一节课）。 教师提前阅读学生阅读的书目，预设完全阅读这些书需要几个课时，每节课阅读的量（从哪一篇到哪一篇，从多少页到多少页）。 学生采用默读的方法，一、二年级要读一至二个故事或文章；三、四年级不少于10页；五、六年级不少于15页，积累生字新词、好句好段（摘录在积累本上）；大致把握文章的主要内容；养成边读边想边做批注的好习惯，简单批注“精彩句段”“我的感想”“我的收获”“我的疑问”等。教师在课堂上静静地和孩子一起读书、批画、谈体会。
Unit 6 Woman, Half the Sky Carolyn Turk works in a profession that has traditionally been a career for men. Here she talks about how she came to do so and how her success just goes to show that a woman can learn anything a man can. 卡洛琳特克从事的职业传统上一直是男人们的天下。在本文，她谈到自己是如何干上这一行的，并通过她的成功表明男人们能学会的事女人们也能做到。 Text A A Woman Can Learn Anything a Man Can Carolyn Turk 男人学得会的，女人也学得会 卡罗琳·特克1 When I was a kid, everything in my bedroom was pink. I have two sisters and we had a complete miniature kitchen, a herd of My Little Ponies and several Barbie and Ken dolls. We didn't have any toy trucks, G. I. Joes or basketballs. We did have a Wiffle-ball set, but you would have been hard-pressed to find it in our playroom. Tomboys we weren't.
Module1 My classmates M1U1 Nice to meet you. Ms Li: Hello, my name is Li Fang. I'm your teacher and you're my students. I'm Chinese. I'm from Wuhan. What's your name Linging: My name is Wang Lingling. Ms Li: Nice to meet you, Lingling. Where are you from Linging: I'm from Beijing. I'm Chinese. Ms Li: How old are you Linging: I'm thirteen years old. Ms Li: Good. Hello, what about you Daming: Hello, Ms Li. My name is Daming and I'm from Beijing too. I'm twelve years old. Ms Li: Thanks. Hello, are you from America Tony: No, I'm not. I'm from England. I'm Tony Smith. Ms Li: Nice to meet you, Tony. Hi, are you English too Betty: No, I'm not. I'm American and my name is Betty King. Linging: Tony and Betty are our friends. Ms Li: Good. Welcome to Class 4 Grade 7! M1U2 I'm Wang Lingling and I'm thirteen years old. Hello, everyone. My name is Li Daming and my English name is David. I'm twelve years old and I'm from Beijing. Beijing is the capital of China. This is Lingling and her English name is Lucy. She's my friend. She's from Beijing too. Hello, I'm Wang Lingling and I'm thirteen years old. Good to see you. Wang Hui is my friend, but he is not in my class. His English name is Henry. He's from Shanghai. Shanghai is a very big city. Hi, my name is Tony Smith. I'm from Cambridge. It's a small city in England. Tony is my first name and Smith is my last name. I'm thirteen years old. It's nice to meet you all. Module 2 My family M2 U1 Is this your mum Linging: Is this your family Tony: Yes, it is. Linging: What a big family! Is this your sister Tony: Yes, it is. Her name is Linda. Linging: Are these your grandparents Tony: Yes, they are. My mum's parents are on the left, and my dad's parents are on the right. Linging: I see. Who's this Tony: That's my dad.
Unit 1 Sources of Energy 参考译文课文A 石油 1 油，和煤一样，存在于沉积岩中，而且可能由死去很长时间的生物有机体形成。含有石油的岩石几乎都来源于海洋，所以形成石油的有机物一定是海洋生物，而不是树木。 2 石油，并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质，而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。比如浮游生物：大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。 3 有机物的脂肪物质主要由碳氢原子组成，因此并不需要太多的化学变化就可以形成石油。生物有机体只需在缺氧的条件下沉积到海湾浅水处的淤泥里。其脂肪不是分解腐烂，而是逐渐积聚，并在深层的淤泥里圈闭起来，进而经过细微的原子重组，最终形成石油。 4 油比水轻，呈液态，会经由上方覆盖的孔隙性岩石向上渗透，在地球上有些地区到达表层，古人将这些表层石油称为沥青、柏油或异庚烷。在古代和中世纪，这些石油油苗常被看作药品而不是燃料。 5 当然，表层的油苗数量很少。而石油油藏上方有时覆盖的是非孔隙性岩石。石油向上渗透抵达该岩石，然后在岩石下方逐渐积聚形成油层。若在上方的岩石上钻个孔，石油就可以通过该孔向上迁移。有时压力过大，石油会向高空喷出。1859 年在宾夕法尼亚州，由埃德温·德雷克成功打出第一口井。 6 如果可以发现一个合适的地点（勘探人员已经识别出地下可能圈闭有石油的地层结构），那么就很容易抽取这一液体燃料，这要比派人到地下把大块的固体煤炭砍成小块要容易得多。而且一旦获得石油，可以通过地上管道运输，而不必像煤一样，由运货车经过繁重的装卸任务来运输。 7 石油便于抽取，易于运输，促进了石油的应用。石油可以蒸馏成不同的馏分，每种馏分均由特定大小的分子组成，分子越小，该馏分就越容易蒸发。 8 到1 9 世纪下半叶，最重要的石油馏分是由中等大小的分子构成的煤油，它不易蒸发，被用于照明。9 然而，到19 世纪末人们研制出了内燃机。内燃机是通过在汽缸里将空气与可燃气体混合，产生爆炸来提供动力的。最便利的可燃气体是汽油——石油的又一馏分，由小分子构成，容易蒸发。10 这种内燃机与蒸汽机相比，机身小巧，可以瞬间启动；而蒸汽机需要一定时间，等待储水加热到沸点。11 随着各种带有内燃机的汽车、卡车、公共汽车、飞机等交通工具的使用，对于石油的需求激增。房屋不再用煤，而用燃烧燃料供热；轮船开始使用石油；电力也由燃油提供的能量来供给。12 在1900 年，来自石油的能量只是煤的4%，二战后，由石油的各种不同馏分提供的能量已经超过煤所供给的能量，而现在石油成为推动世界科技发展的主要燃料。13 石油相对于煤的便利却被另一个事实所抵消：地球上石油的数量比煤少得多。（这不足为奇，因为地球上形成石油的脂肪物质，要比形成煤的木质物质少得多。）14 还有另一种复杂情况，即石油的分布不如煤的分布均匀。世界上的主要能源消耗国有足够的煤，却严重缺乏石油。美国有世界石油总储量的10%，数十年来一直是主要石油生产国。现在亦是如此，但是美国大量消耗石油产品，使之成为石油进口国，对于这一重要资源不得不日益依赖其他国家。俄罗斯石油储量和美国相近，但消耗的少，因而可以成为石油出口国。15 地球上已知的石油储备约有3/5 集中在阿拉伯国家。例如，位于波斯湾岬角处的科威特，面积只有麻省那么大，人口只有50 万，却拥有世界已知石油储量的1/5。16 由石油引发的政治问题已经变得至关重要。 Unit 2 Social Science 参考译文课文A 求职面试新趋势 今天的求职者不得不经受当代面试技巧的考验 1 如果你最后一次参加求职面试是在五年或更长时间以前，那么当你重新进入就业市场时，你一定会大吃一惊。求职面试已经不再是舒适温馨的炉边闲谈了；当然，倒也不会走向另一个极端，成为为了检验你应对压力的能力而进行的令人生畏的询问。这些传统的方法已经象英式茶具车和两小时午餐休息一样过时了。 2 精明的现代企业已经明白，雇员选择不当是要付出代价的，因此，面试已经成为多层面，半科学化式的挑选程序的一部分，并且越来越可能由经过高级心理技术培训的经理人员来进行。面试还在加入高科技的内容：不久以后，求职者就会看到，面试小组中至少有一名成员是通过视频会议技术在外地甚至在海外参与面试的。 3 然而，有一点是没有变的。那就是，如果没有同未来的老板面对面接触过，你是很难得到工作的，75%的公司在雇佣每个部门的雇员时都采用面试。还有同样数量的公司认为，在选择雇员的所
劝学电子课文 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
荀子是战国后期杰出的思想家，他发展了古代的唯物主义思想。他反对天命、鬼神的迷信之说，提出了“性恶”的思想，强调教育和后天学习的重要性。《劝学篇》是《荀子》中的第一篇，原文共有15个段落，这里只是节选的一小部分。 文章谈学习的重要意义，阐明了学习的作用，说明了学习的规律，告诉人们，要积累知识，必须专心致志，持之以恒，强调发挥人的主观能动性。 9 劝学○1 ○节选自《荀子·劝学》。《荀子》，战国末期思想家荀况（约前313－前238）所作，一小部分出于其弟子之手，现存32篇。劝，鼓励。○［君子］这里指有学问有修养的人。○［青，取之于蓝］靛(diàn)青，从蓝草中取得。青，靛青，一种染料。蓝，草名，也叫蓼蓝，叶子可制染料。○［青于蓝］比蓼蓝颜色（更）深。○［中（zhònɡ）绳］（木材）合乎拉直的墨线。木工用拉直的墨线来取直。○［輮（r óu）］通“煣”，使弯曲。○［规］圆规。○［虽有(yòu)槁（ɡǎo）暴（pù）］即使又晒干了。有，通“又”。槁暴，晒干。槁，枯。暴，晒。○［挺］直。○［受绳］经墨线比量过。○［金］指金属制的刀剑等。○［就砺］拿到磨刀石上去磨。砺，磨刀石。就，动词，接近，靠近。○［参（cān）省（xǐnɡ）乎己］对自己检查、省察。参，验、检查。省，省察。乎，相当于“于”。○［须臾］片刻。○［跂(qì)］提起脚后跟，指踮起脚。○［博见］见得广。 ○［见者远］意思是人在远处也能看见。○［疾］强，这里指声音宏大。○［彰］清楚。○［假］借助，利用。○［利足］脚走得快。○［致］到达。○［能水］善于游水。水，用作动词，游水。○［绝］横渡。○［生（xìnɡ）非异也］本性（同一般人）没有差别。生，通“性”，资质、禀赋。○［物］外物，指各种客观条件。 ○［兴焉］在这里兴起。兴，起。焉，还有下面“生焉”的“焉”，也是指代词兼语气词，相当于“于此”，可译为“从这里”或“在这里”。○［神明］指人的智慧。○［圣心］圣人之心，通明的思想。○［跬（kuǐ）步］古代称跨出一脚为“跬”，跨两脚为“步”。○［无以］没有用来……的（办法）。○［骐骥(jì)］骏马。○［驽(nú)马十驾］劣马拉车走十天，（也能到达）。据王先谦考证，“驽马十驾”后脱漏一句，可能是“则亦及之”。驽马，劣马。十驾，
新视野大学英语2(第三版)u n i t8t e x t A课 文翻译 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
Unit 8 Section A Animals or children?— A scientist's choice 动物还是孩子——一位科学家的选择 1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury —circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research. 1 我就是那个敌人！我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。这些谣言刺痛了我，因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。我成为一位儿科医生，因为我爱孩子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。在医学院学习和住院医生实习时，我看到了许多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血——虽然对此医学正取得很大进步，但远非完善。更重要的是，我还看到孩子们能保持健康得益于医学的进步，如婴儿呼吸支持器，功效强大的新药物和外科手术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。我希望孩子们健康快乐，这促使我从事医学研究。 2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine. Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists. 2 控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话，并把我描写成恶魔。他们声称我没有道德界限，我折磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁，而我的实验根本与医药毫不相关。与此同时，无动于衷的公众几乎不闻不问，相信这个议题毫无意义，而具有宣传意识的参议员和政治家们却对动物权利活动家的游说不断作出让步。 3 We, in medical research, have also been unbelievably uncaring. We have allowed t he most extreme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of " animal fraud" and hatred. We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable publ ic would consent to the importance of animal research for public health. Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emotional tone of the argument. Perha ps we should have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds. 3 我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。我们允许最极端的动物权利活动家渐渐侵入，任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物的仇恨。我们一直坚信，有知识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要
当雷云在天上轰响，六月的阵雨落下的时候，润湿的东风走过荒野，在竹林中吹着口笛，于是一群一群的花从无人知道的地方突然跑出来，在绿草上狂欢地跳着舞。 妈妈，我真的觉得那群花朵是在地下的学校里上学。 它们关了门做功课。如果它们想在散学以前出来游戏，它们的老师是要罚它们站壁角的。 雨一来，它们便放假了。 树枝在林中互相碰触着，绿叶在狂风里萧萧地响，雷云拍着大手。这时花孩子们便穿了紫的、黄的、白的衣裳，冲了出来。 你可知道，妈妈，它们的家是在天上，在星星所住的地方。 你没有看见它们怎样地急着要到那儿去么?你不知道它们为什么那样急急忙忙么? 我自然能够猜得出它们是对谁扬起手臂来，它们也有它们的妈妈，就像我有自己的妈妈一样。 1.文中说花“在绿草上狂欢地跳着舞”，这符合实际吗?为什么?(不超过10个字。) ____________________________________________ 2.“地下的学校”的含义是什么?(不超过15个字。) ____________________________________________ 3.“雷云拍着大手”既指(表层意思)________，又指(深层意思) ________________。 4.为什么说“雨一来，它们便放假了”? ____________________________________________ 5.对下列例句运用的修辞方法分析正确的一项是例句：它们也有它们的妈妈，就像我有我自己的妈妈一样。 [ ] A.比喻 B.比喻、拟人 C.拟人 D.夸张
6.花孩子们在天上的家是怎样的一个家?请通过想像加以描述。 ____________________________________________________ 答案 1.符合实际。因为作者明写花朵暗写风。 2.指地底下的学校。 3.自然界的电闪雷鸣，对花孩子们的热情。有了雨的滋润，花朵才能自由自在地开放。 5.c 6.那里是他们的天地，充满了欢乐和幸福。 当雷云在天上轰响，六月的阵雨落下的时候，润湿的东风走过荒野，在竹林中吹着口笛。 于是一群一群的花从无人知道的地方突然跑出来，在绿草上狂欢的跳着舞。 妈妈，我真的觉得那些花朵是在地下的学校里上学。 它们关了门做功课，如果他们想在放学以前出来游戏，他们的老师是要罚他们站墙角的。 雨一来，他们便放假了。 树枝在林中互相碰触着，绿叶在狂风里籁籁地着，雷云拍着大手，这时，花孩子们便穿了紫的，黄的，白的衣裳，冲了出来。 你可知道，妈妈，他们的家是在天上，在星星所住的地方。 你没有看见他们怎样的急着要到那儿去吗?你不知道他们为什么那样急急忙忙吗? 我自然能够猜得出他们是对谁扬起双臂来：他们也有他们的妈妈，就像我有我自己的妈妈—样。
Unit6 A Valentine Story爱情故事 1.John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his Army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. 约翰·布兰查德从长凳上站起身来，整了整军装，留意着格兰德中央车站进出的人群。 2.He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun twelve months before in a Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he soon found himself absorbed, not by the words of the book, but by the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. 他在寻找一位姑娘，一位佩带玫瑰的姑娘。他知其心，但不知其貌。十二个月前，在佛罗里达州的一个图书馆，他对她产生了兴趣。他从书架上取下一本书，很快便被吸引住了，不是被书的内容，而是被铅笔写的眉批。柔和的笔迹显示出其人多思善虑的心灵和富有洞察力的头脑。 3.In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell. With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War II. 在书的前页，他找到了前一位拥有人的姓名，霍利斯·梅奈尔小姐。他花了一番工夫和努力，找到了她的地址。她住在纽约市。他给她写了一封信介绍自己，并请她回复。第二天他被运往海外，参加第二次世界大战。 4.During the next year the two grew to know each other through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She explained:"If your feeling for me has any reality, any honest basis, what I look like won't matter. Suppose I'm beautiful. I'd always be haunted by the feeling that you had been taking a chance on just that, and that kind of love would disgust me. Suppose I'm plain (and you must admit that this is more likely). Then I'd always fear that you were going on writing to me only because you were lonely and had no one else. No, don't ask for my picture. When you come to New York, you shall see me and then you shall make your decision. Remember, both of us are free to stop or to go on after that —whichever we choose..." 在接下来的一年当中，两人通过信件来往增进了了解。每一封信都如一颗种子撒入肥沃的心灵之土。浪漫的爱情之花就要绽开。布兰查德提出要一张照片，可她拒绝了。她解释道：“如果你对我的感情是真实的，是诚心诚意的，那我的相貌如何并不重要。设想我美丽动人。我将会一直深感不安，惟恐你只是因为我的容貌就贸然与我相爱，而这种爱情令我憎恶。设想本人相貌平平（你得承认，这种可能性更大）。那我一直会担心，你和我保持通信仅仅是出于孤独寂寞，无人交谈。不，别索要照片。等你到了纽约，你会见到我，到时你可再作定夺。 切记，见面后我俩都可以自由决定中止关系或继续交往——无论你怎么选择......” 5.When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting — 7:00 p.m. at Grand Central Station, New York. 他从欧洲回国的日子终于到了。他们安排了两人的第一次见面——晚上七点，纽约格兰德中央车站。 6.
Unit 3 Security Text A Years ago in America, it was customary for families to leave their doors unlocked, day and night. In this essay, Greene regrets that people can no longer trust each other and have to resort to elaborate security systems to protect themselves and their possessions. 许多年前，在美国，家家户户白天黑夜不锁门是司空见惯的。在本文中，格林叹惜人们不再相互信任，不得不凭借设计精密的安全设备来保护自己和财产。 The Land of the Lock Bob Greene 锁之国 1 In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the front door on the latch at night. I don't know if that was a local term or if it is universal; "on the latch" meant the door was closed but not locked. None of us carried keys; the last one in for the evening would close up, and that was it. 小时候在家里，我们的前门总是夜不落锁。我不知道这是当地的一种说法还是大家都这么说；"不落锁"的意思是掩上门，但不锁住。我们谁都不带钥匙；晚上最后一个回家的人把门关上，这就行了。 2 Those days are over. In rural areas as well as in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening. 那样的日子已经一去不复返了。在乡下，在城里，门不再关着不锁上，哪怕是傍晚一段时间也不例外。 3 Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets. Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities. At any rate, the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over. 在许多方面，郊区和农村甚至比巡查严密的城市街道更易受到攻击。统计显示，那些据称是安宁的地区的犯罪率上升得比城镇更为显著。不管怎么说，前门虚掩不落锁的时代是一去不复返了。 4 It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open. 取而代之的是防盗锁、防护链、电子报警系统，以及连接警署或私人保安公司的报警装置。郊区的许多人家在露台上安装了玻璃滑门，侧有装得很讲究的钢条，这样就没人能把门撬开。 5 It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company. 在最温馨的居家，也常常看得到窗上贴着小小的告示，称本宅由某家安全机构或某个保安公司负责监管。