世界与环境
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Theamountofwaterwhichissuitable____________(drink) islessandlessnow. 2．Nowmoreandmorepeoplepaymoreattentiontohow____________(save) water. 3．Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，itbecomesmoreimportant____________(protect) ourenvironment.
4．InChinaalotofriversandlakesare____________(serious) pollutedbysomefactories. 5．Somewastewaterhasbeenpouredintoriversandlakes，____________(kill) alargenumberoffish. 6．Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment，theworld____________(become) muchmorebeautiful. 7．Howtoprotectourenvironmenthasbeenoneofthemostdifficult____________(problem) intheworld. 8．Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterand____________(healthy) inthefuture. 9．Itishightimethatthegovernment____________(take) somemeasurestoreducepollution.
10．____________thewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 11．Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactoriesproduceharmfulgases. 12．Asweallknow，environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeople’slives. 13．Ifwedon’tsavewater，lastdropofwaterwillbeatear-dropofus. 14．Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveralmeasuretoreducetheheavypollution. 15．Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive. 16．Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheearthsoitisourhome. 17．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostofthemarebeyondourcontrol. 18．You’dbeexposedtoalotlittlepollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair. 19．Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicalsarepoisonoustohumanbeings. 20．Nobodyknowsexactwhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.
话题词汇
1．pollution n．污染
2．atmosphere n．大气，气氛
3．consequence n．结果，后果
4．attach great importance to...十分重视……
5．be aware of...意识到……
6．damage v．毁坏
7．make a difference有影响
8．environment n．环境
9．suffer v．受苦，遭受
10．cause v．导致
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2018·安徽皖北协作区联考)
Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconce rn，rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsatarou nd2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea.
Deforestation(森林滥伐) oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction，thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources，andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However，thisdestructioncanbeslowed，stopped，andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆转)．Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved，butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Ec onomic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddev elopment.
So，whatshouldbedone？Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical，notcompletelyidealisticanddependsondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainabl e(可持续的) useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests，effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainfor estsforthelong-termbenefitstheycanprovideformankind.
Historicapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed，
asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions，closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicoppo rtunitiesfortheruralpoor，norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers.
Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstod eveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinan cialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities. 21．Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests?
A．Humans’destroyingthetrees.
B．Carbonsinksbeingreduced.
C．Lackingrenewableresources.
D．Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests. 22．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A．Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved. B．Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected. C．Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectontropicalrainforests. D．Economicreturnscanmakeadifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests. 23．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection?
A．Indifferent. B．Concerned.
C．Doubtful. D．Puzzled. 24．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A．Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation. B．Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests. C．Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests. D．Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing.
B
Forcenturies，elephantshaveplayedabigroleintheworld’seconomies，culturesandreligions.TheAfricanelephantsusedtobefoundalloverAfricaandtheAsianelephantsmovedfrom SyriatoChinatoIndonesia.Nowadays，elephantsarefoundinsmallgroupsinthesouthoftheSaharaDesertandscarcelyinSoutheastAsia，SriLankaandIndia.
Intheearlytwentiethcentury，therewereclosetotenmillionelephants，andnowtheelephantnumberisaslowas252,000andexpectedtodropdownto160,000by2025.Between2007an d2014，theelephantpopulationfellbyatleast30%，or144,000elephants.AsresearchershavetraveledovertheAfricanplains，theyonlyspottedoneherdof36elephantsinanarealikethesizeofMexico.Itisclearthatthesegentlemammalsare disappearingrightbeforeoureyes.
Therearemanyreasonswhytheelephantpopulationhasbeendecreasing，oneofwhichistheirhabitat.Humansarecompetingwithelephantsforlivingspace，andasmoreandmorehumansclearthelandthatisbeingusedbyelephants，theelephantshavelessspace.Elephanthuntingor“poaching”hasbeenamajorfactorforthedisappearanceofthisspecies，andtheyarekilledonlyfortheirvaluableivorytusks.Althoughthetradeoftusksisillegal，itisstillacommonpracticeinmanyplaces.
Often，allthelocalpeoplelivingamongelephantswouldbefarmers，andfoundthattheycouldmakemoremoneybysellingthetusksofoneelephantthandoingmanuallaborfortwelv eyears.Thatalonemakesitreallyhardtopreventthemfromkillingtheelephants.
SomeplacessuchasBotswana，haveputinextraefforttoprotecttheirwildlifefrompoachersbyfoundingtheirBotswanaDefenseForce，whichismadeupofaround700specially-trainedsoldiersthatarestationedin40differentareas.Youmayfeelworriedaboutthepresentsituationselephant sarein，buttherearewaystohelp.Tofindouthowyoucanhelpelephantconservation，adoptanelephant，ordonate，clickhere.
25．ThenumberslistedinParagraph2showthat________.
A．humansdon’tcareforelephants
B．elephantshavebeennexttoextinction C．elephantshavebecomegentlerthanbefore D．elephantshavegainedmoreattention 26．Whatisthebiggestfactorforthedisappearingelephants?
A．Lessspace. B．Alackoffood.
C．Sufferingfromadisease. D．Elephanthunting.
27．Whyisithardtobankillingtheelephantsamongthefarmers?
A．Theirtusksareprofitable.
B．Elephantsaredestroyingtheirfieldscruelly. C．Farmershopetomakealivingbysellingtheirmeat. D．Farmerspracticetheirhuntingskillsbykillingelephants. 28．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?
A．Topersuadereaderstomakeadonation. B．Toguidereadershowtoprotectelephants. C．Toencouragereaderstohelpprotectelephants. D．Tointroducethedecreasingnumberofelephants.
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2018·广东湛江二模)
Whatissomethingyoucan’tseebutisallaroundyou？Whatholdanairplaneinthesky？Theanswerwithallthesequestionsisair.Thoughyoucan’tseeair，butyouknowit’sthere.Youcanfeelthem.Airisamixtureofinvisiblegas.Putyourhandsonyourchestandtakedeepbreath.What happens？Yourchestrisessoyourlungsarefilledwithair.Also，thetiresonbikes，cars，trucksandbusesneedairtokeeproll.Theatmosphereblocksoutmuchofthesun’sharmfulrays.The atmosphere traps the heat from the sun.It makes our world warmly enough for life to grow.
答案解析
Ⅰ.1.todrink 2.tosave 3.toprotect 4.seriously 5.killing6．willbecome 7.problems 8.healthier 9.shouldtake/took10．On
Ⅱ.11.Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactories
produce producing
harmfulgases.
12．Asweallknow，environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeople’slives.
13．Ifwedon’tsavewater，∧
the lastdropofwaterwillbeatear-dropofus.
14．Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveral measure
measures
toreducetheheavypollution.
15．Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive ∧on.
16．Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheearth
so
because
itisourhome.
17．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostof them
which
arebeyondourcontrol.
18．You’dbeexposedtoalot little
less
pollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair.
19．Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicals ∧
which/that arepoisonoustohumanbeings.
20．Nobodyknows exact
exactly
whyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.
Ⅲ.
语篇解读如今，热带雨林正面临严重的生存危机，为世界敲响了环保警钟。人类应采
取更加实际、有效的措施来保护热带雨林。
21．A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Deforestation(森林滥伐) of tropical rainforests has a global effect through species extinction”可知，人类对热带雨林的滥砍滥伐导致热带雨林一些物种的灭绝。故选A。]
22．D [推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Economic，political，and social pressures will not allow rainforests to continue to exist if they are completely closed off from use and development.”可推知经济效益对保护热带雨林有一定影响。故选D。]
23．B [观点态度题。根据第二段和第四段的内容可知，作者讲述了热带雨林正在消失的现状并提出了一些保护措施已经无效的问题。由此可以推断出作者对热带雨林保护持担忧的态度。故选B。]
24．C [写作目的题。通读全文并根据最后两段可知，作者认为传统的保护热带雨林的方法无效，呼吁大家分享合适的保护措施。故选C。]
语篇解读本文主要讲了大象在经济、文化和宗教上都起了很重要的作用，而现在由于种种原因，大象的数量在急剧减少。作者在这里呼吁人们保护野生大象。
25．B [推理判断题。根据第二段的数据252 000,160 000,144 000,36可知，大象的数量在不断地减少，所以它们有濒临灭绝的危险。故选B。]
26．D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Elephant hunting or ‘poaching ’ has been a major factor for the disappearance of this species ，and they are killed only for their valuable ivory tusks.”可知，导致大象灭绝最主要的原因是人类对大象的捕杀。故选D 。]
27．A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，农民捕杀大象的现象很难被禁止的原因是象牙很赚钱。故选A 。]
28．C [写作目的题。通读全文尤其是文中最后一段的最后两句可知，作者写作本文是想鼓励人们保护大象。故选C 。]
Ⅳ.
Whatissomethingyoucan ’tseebutisallaroundyou ？What hold holds anairplaneinthesky ？Theanswer with to
allthesequestionsisair.Thoughyoucan
’tseeair ，butyouknowit ’sthere.Youcanfeel them
it .Airisamixtureofinvisible gas gases .Putyourhandsonyourchestandtake
∧a deepbreath.Whathappens ？Yourchestrises so because/when/while
yourlungsarefilledwithair.Also ，thetiresonbikes ，cars ，trucksandbusesneedairtokeep roll rolling .Theatmosphereblocksout much many
ofthesun ’sharmfulrays.Theatmospheretrapstheheatfromthesun.Itmakesourworld
warmly warm enoughforlifetogrow.