宾语从句
Teaching Aims：让学生通过学习宾语从句，能正确做题，并能在交际及写作中正确运用。
Main and Difficult Point s:时态中的细化角度，以及含宾语从句的反意疑问句。
Analysis: 宾语从句在初中语法中是重点，中考选择题必有一道。
Teaching Procedure:
1定义的角度：在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子叫宾语从句。
eg I know you. (主+谓+宾）
I know(主+谓+宾语从句)
2 从解题的角度：
①语序的角度：从句总是要用陈述句的语序（主谓不倒装）
What are they talking about ? I want to know.
⇨I want to know what they are talking about.
How can I get to the train station ? Can you tell me?
⇨Can you tell me how I can get to the train station?
②从时态的角度：
a .如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何一种时态。
I know you are a teacher. (一般现在时)
I know you were a teacher three years ago.（一般过去时）
I know you will be a teacher next year. (一般将来时)(主现从任)
b.如果主句是一般过去时，从句就要根据时间状语而用相应的过去的某种时态。
I heard you had a bad cold.（一般过去时）
He asked me what I was doing last night (过去进行时)
He told me that he had finished his homework last night.（过去完成）
I knew you would be a teacher next year. (过去将来)（主过从过）
c.如果从句是客观真理时，它永远都用一般现在时。
The teacher tells/told that the earth moves around the sun. （主任从现）注意：时态：十二字方针：主过从过，主现从任，主任从现
⑶从连接词的角度：
a 当陈述句变为宾语从句时，用that连接，而且that可省略
You are a student. (改为宾语从句）
I know (that) you are a student
注意：that不可省略的情况
1.宾语从句中的主语是that时
Eg：She told me that that was a useful book.
2.有多个宾语从句，第一个可以省略，其他不可以
Eg: She said(that) the film was interesting and that she enjoyed seeing it.
3.在主从复合句中（that引导的宾从中又含有从句时that 一般不省略）
Eg : I'm afraid that if you lose the book you’ll pay for it.
I think that if you study hard you will pass the test.
4.主语和宾语之间有插入语时
Eg: He told me ,believe it or not ,that he would buy a car.
5.当it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时
Eg: They make it clear to the public that they do an important job.
b 当一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，用if 或whether连接.
Are you a student? I wonder.
⇨I wonder if /whether you are a student.
Does he like learning English? Do you know?
⇨Do you know if/whether he likes learning English?
注意:下列情况一般用whether 不用if
●后接or not 时只用whether
Eg:I don’t know whether she will come or not.
●引导从句作介词宾语时
Eg: I am interested in whether you like English.
I am worried about whether I hurt his feelings.
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time
●后接to 的不定式
Eg: I’m uncertain whether to go or not
●若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether.
如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为： Please let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。 If you like the book please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我
●whether置于句首时，不能换用if。
如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。
●引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。
如：Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽
补充；只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
3.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
Eg :He talks as if he has known all about it.
c 当特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，用疑问词作连接词（即保留疑问词不变）;常见疑问词包括疑问代词（ what ,who ,which, whom, whose）和疑问副词（when , where ,how, why）
Where are you going? I don’t know.
