动词的各种时态归纳
一、一般现在时
构成:主语+谓语(主谓一致,需注意主语为单三时,谓语动词用单三) 时间状语:常与表示频率的时间状语连用,如usually, often, always, sometimes,
never, every day, once a week 等.
用法：
⑴表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态.
eg: He always goes to work by subway.
他总是乘地铁去上班.
I visit my grandmother once a week.
我一周去看望一次我的祖母.
Mary does exercise every day.
玛丽每天做运动.
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理,也用在格言中.
eg: Light travels faster than sound.
光比声音传播的快.
Pride goes before a fall.
骄傲使人失败.
⑶表示按方案或时间表将要发生的事儿,其后常跟表示将来的时间状语. The plane takes off at four PM.
飞机下午4点起飞.
When does the school begin?
学校什么时候开学？
(4)表示主语现在的特征性格或状态.
Jenny loves music.
珍妮喜欢音乐.
She lives in a small apartment.
他住在一套小公寓里.
(5)一些表示心理意识的动词,如know, understand, remember等无进行时,只能用一般现在时表示现在发生的具体行为.
eg: I still remember the frightening experience on the island.
我仍然记得在那个岛上的可怕经历.
⑹在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时.
eg: I'll think about it when I write my report.
我写报告时会对此予以考虑的.
If he comes, I'll let you know as soon as possible.
如果他来的话,我会尽快让你知道.
二、现在进行时
构成:主iu+be+doing
时间状语：常与now, right now, at present, at the moment 等时间状语及look, listen等标志词连用.
用法：
⑴表示说话时正在进行的动作.
eg: We are waiting for the subway at the moment.
我们现在正在等地铁.
Listen! Somebody is singing.
听!有人在唱歌.
⑵表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作.
成语表示一段时间的状语连用,如these days, this week等.
eg: How are you getting on with your classmates these days?
这些天你和同班同学相处的如何？
We are studying French this semester.
我们这学期学习语法.
⑶某些非延续性动词可以用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作.
常用的这类动词有come, go, leave, arrive, start, finish, die 等.
这时剧中一般有表示将来的时间状语.
eg: They are living by train tonight.
他们今晚坐火车走.
We are starting work at 8 o'clock next month.
下个月我们将8点开始上班.
(4)表达特定的感情色彩.
现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly, forever等表示频率的副词连用,表示重复的动作,常含有厌烦,不满,抱怨,赞扬等感情色彩.
试比拟：
She is always scolding her child.
她总是训斥自己的孩子.〔不满〕
She always scolds her children.
他总是训斥自己的孩子.〔事实〕
He is constantly doing good work at school.
他在学校总是成绩优秀.〔赞扬〕
He does good work at school.
他在学校成绩优秀.〔事实〕
三、现在完成时
构成:主语+ha ve/has+done
标志词：常与already, just, yet, before, recently, so far, ever, never, once 等连用.
用法：
⑴表示过去发生的动作,对现在造成的影响或结果.
eg: They have already learned two languages.
他们己经学会了两种语言.
He hasn't made a remark on the structure yet.
他尚未对该结构发表评论.
I have seen the linguist only once this year.
我今年只见过那位语言学家一次.
⑵表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作或状态.
常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如so far, up to now, for a long time, for years, since 2021, in the past/ last five years, these days 等. eg: Tom and mary have been friends for years.
汤姆和玛丽是多年的朋友.
He has lived in London since 2000.
自从2000年以来他就住在伦敦.
How many words have you learned these days?
