临终关怀与和缓医疗

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临终关怀与和缓医疗
康琳朱鸣雷刘晓红
临终关怀与和缓医疗是以预期生命有限的患者及其家庭成员为中心,通过预测、预防和治疗患者的病痛,改善其生活质量。

主要内容是对症状进行评估和处理、控制疼痛、进行家庭护理、减轻或消除患者的心理负担和消极情绪,帮助临终患者以舒适和有尊严的方式度过最后的时光。

临终关怀不同于安乐死,即不促进也不延缓患者的死亡,而是贯穿于疾病治疗始终,重视患者生理、智力、情感、社会及精神需求,帮助患者保持自主性、获取信息并自主选择。

和缓医疗是现代医学领域中新的边缘交叉性学科,是人口老龄化的需求和人类文明发展的标志;和缓医疗需要一个多学科的团队,需要良好的沟通技巧和专业技能。

姑息疗法; 临终关怀医疗
Hospice and palliative careKANG LinZHU Ming-leiLIU Xiao-hongDivision of Geriatrics,Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
 Palliative and hospice care for patients suffering severe or end-stage illness with projected short life expectancy. Such services aim to improve patients' quality of life through prognosticating, prevention and treatment of their ailment. The main components include evaluation and treatment of symptoms, pain control, family care, alleviating and treating patients' psychological burden and depression, and offering comfort and dignity. Hospice and palliative care are different from euthanasia, because they neither hasten nor delay the dying process. Instead, they focus on patients'physical and psychological needs and helping patients to maintain their independence and make their own choice. As a new medical subspecialty, palliative and hospice care are considered one of the important frontier in modern medicine. They employ a multi-disciplinary team approach, and the team members require special skill sets including those in communication and symptom management. Palliative care; Hospice care
DOI:10.3760/cma. j. issn. 0254-9026.2012.06.030
作者单位:100730 中国医学科学院北京协和医院内科老年医
学组
提高睡眠质j
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