英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解及练习英语句⼦成分1．主语（subject）: 句⼦说明的⼈或事物，是句⼦叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）2．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.3．表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表⽰主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious.He looks tired. He became mad after that.系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本⾝有词义，但不能单独⽤作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

常见的系动词有:1）状态系动词：be (am is are was were…)2）持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持”3）表像系动词：seem, appear, look.. "看起来像"4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste,5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得”6）终⽌系动词：prove, turn out, "证实"4．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. He hates you.I enjoy working with you.2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?3）双宾语-----间宾（指⼈）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. My father told me a story.5. 补语1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补⾜语。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词She came．.主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.主谓宾名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.主系表名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。

英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法微观遣词；句法宏观造句01词法微观遣词1. 实词：有实际意义的词;名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为,动态;vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量基数词,表顺序序数词2. 虚词：没有实际意义的词;介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前,限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法宏观造句1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句,并列句,复合句6.复合句：名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句二、语法四大原则1. 词性决定词用2. 同类同用同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致3. 动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词4. 举一反三由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属；认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群;语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语,谓语,宾语,表语次体：定语,状语,补语,同位语主语：一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象;常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首;The sun名词n. rises in the east.W e代词pron. are friendsT wenty years数词num. is a short time in history.S eeing动名词 is believingT o be a teacher不定式is my dreamW hat he needs 句子is a book 主语从句I t 形式主语is time to go home真正的主语形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study实意动词 EnglishI can情态动词do itI don’t助动词knowH e is系动词asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后;I play with him代词I like china名词H ow many do you need ——we need two数词I enjoy working with you动名词I hope to see you again不定式D id you write down what he said句子U nder the snow介宾短语,there are many rocks.H e gave me间接宾语a book直接宾语 yesterday表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态,一般由名词或者形容词担任;凡是系动词be 动词,感官动词等出现的地方,后面必定带着表语He is a teacher名词Seventy-four you don’t look it代词F ive and five is ten数词H e is asleep形容词T his picture is on the wall介词短语M y watch is missing/lost 形容词化的分词T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”不定式T he question is whether they will come句子语法精讲3定语：用来修饰或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任,形容词放在名词前面;相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面;H e is a clever boyT his is an apple treeT here are ten students in our classS he is Tom’s sisterH e bought some sleeping pillsT he girl in red is his sisterW e have a lot of work to doT he girl standing under the tree is his daughterD o you know the man who spoke just now.状语：用来说明动词,形容词,副词或者整个句子的成分;常由副词担任;修饰动词可放动词前,也可放在动词后；修饰形容词或者副词时放在他们前面;动词的八个状态：时间,地点,原因,状态,目的,结果,方式,程度T he students study hardI often write to himH e wrote with a red pencilH e went to see a filmT he students went away laughingI’ll write to you as soon as I get there .补语：表示补充说明,总是跟着宾语跑I found a book lying on the floor.D o you smell something burningS he asked me to go with her.独立成分：同位语,感叹语B ruce,my English teacher,is a cool man That’s great语法精讲4简单句的5种基本结构通过一个爱情故事掌握5种简单句;1, 主语+谓语：She comes.2, 主语+系动词+表语She is lovely.3, 主语+谓语+宾语I love her.4, 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾I gave her a rose.5, 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补I made her happy. 2三大句子结构类型1, 简单句F rank and Eric are good friends.I make and have breakfast.2, 并列句I like English, but I don’t like math.I hate grammar,while he loves it.3, 复合句W hat she does is not good.T he man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.W hen you finish the work,you may go out to play with Sam.语法精讲5简单句T hat is what I want to tell you. 表语从句I t’s a question how he did it. 同位语从句T he man whom you talk with is my friend. 定语从句I f I am free,I will go shopping . 条件状语从句四种句子类型：01陈述句肯定,否定H e is six years old.S he doesn’t like English.02疑问句一般,特殊,选择,反义D o you like swimming ↑一般疑问句W hat are you doing ↓特殊疑问代词+一般疑问句=特殊疑问句I s this a pen ↑or a pencil ↓选择疑问句S he likes dancing↓,doesn’t she ↑反义疑问句;前肯后否或者前否后肯03祈使句：命令,要求,请求;一般会略去主语,动词开头B e careful , boysD on’t speak in class04感叹句：how/what 开头H ow clever the boy isW hat a nice day it is。

一、英语句子成分与英语句子构造讲解：〔一〕句子成分语〔subject〕: 句子说明的人或事物。

主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句与短语等来担任。

The sun rises in the east.〔名词〕He likes dancing. 〔代词〕Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. 〔动名词〕To see is to believe. 〔不定式〕What he needs is a book. 〔主语从句〕It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 〔It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语〕找出以下句中的主语：Jane is good at playing the piano.〔名词〕She went out in a hurry.〔代词〕Four plus four is eight.〔数词〕To see is to believe.〔不定式〕Smoking is bad for health.〔动名词〕The young should respect the old.〔名词化的形容词〕What he has said is true. 〔句子〕2.谓语〔predicate〕: 说明主语的动作、状态与特征。

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hillHe looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出以下句中的谓语〔注：只有动词才可作谓语。

〕：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.语〔predicative〕: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态与特征。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习❖简单句的五个基本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语❖2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)❖4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

中考英语复习——句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构（5种）1、主语+谓语（s+v）2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p）3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o）4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c）二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east （）He likes dancing. （）Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （）To see is to believe.（）What he needs is a book.（）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B.longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子成分意义充当词类例句

主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子

We study in HuangQiao Middle School.

谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语Both of us like English.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.

状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子He works very hard.

They held a party in Hollywood.

宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等She always keeps the house

clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！

?简单句的五个基本句型?主语＋不及物动词She came．. ?主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. ?主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．?主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me. ?主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?主谓宾?名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you. we-- did --the work. ?主系表?名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautiful you seems worried. you are a stufent. ?相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语?2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)?4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) 8、同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子We study in HuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组She is dancing under thetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语Both of us like English.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is a chemist.His words soundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessonsevery day.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子He works very hard.They held a party inHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等She always keeps thehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。

宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词 She came．.主语＋及物动词＋宾语 She likes English.主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.主谓宾名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.主系表名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

句子结构及成分① 相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。

如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。

缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt. transitiveverb 及物动词vi. intransitiveverb不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliaryverb 助动词adj. adjective 形容词adv. adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron . pronoun 代词prep. preposition 介词art . article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。

实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。

The door opened.(open 后面没跟宾语，此时，open 是不及物动词。

)He opened the door.(open 后面有宾语the door, 此时，open 是及物动词。

)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。

如：The meeting began at six. <vi.> We began the meetingat six. < vt.>有(答疑 qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。

如：The man walked away. (walk 不及物动词，意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk 及物动词，“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash 及物动词，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash 不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。