数字地形测量学实习报告记录

数字地形测量学实习报告记录

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———————————————————————————————— 作者： ———————————————————————————————— 日期： 3

淮 海 工 学 院 实 习 报 告 书

题 目： 数字地形测量实习 学 院： 测绘工程学院 专 业： 测绘工程 班 级： 测绘 112 姓 名： 许艳超 学 号： 2011122712

2013年 7月10日 4

目录 1 概述 ···························································3 1.1实习名称·······················································3 1.2实习时间·······················································3 1.3实地地点·······················································3 1.4指导教师·······················································3 1.5实习目的及要求·················································3 1.6仪器及工具·····················································3 2测区概况··························································3 3平面控制测量 ·····················································3 3.1平面坐标系统···················································3 3.2导线等级及精度指标·············································4 3.3导线控制网的布设···············································5 3.4导线施测方法···················································5 3.5数据处理、平差计算·············································5 4 高程控制测量····················································7 4.1高程系统的选择 ················································7 4.2精度等级及技术指标·············································7 4.3水准网的布设···················································7 4.4高程施测方法···················································8 4.5数据处理、平差计算·············································8 5 碎部点测量······················································9 5.1 碎测量的步骤···················································9 5.2 测量时应该注意的问题···········································9 6 成图方法························································9 6.1测量数据传输···················································9 6.2 南方CASS软件绘制地形图······································9 7 分幅与编号·····················································10 7.1 大比例尺地形图的分幅··········································10

成绩 5

7.2 大比例尺地形图的编号··········································10 7.3 1:500地形图的分幅及编号······································10 8 实习体会·······················································10

附图、附表························································11 1 概述 1.1实习名称：数字地形测量实习

1.2实习时间：2013.6.17-2013.7.14

1.3实地地点：淮海工学院校区第四测区

1.4指导教师：赵宝锋

1.5实习目的及要求 数字地形测量学实习是《数字地形测量学》课程教学的重要组成部分,是巩固和深化课程所学知识的必要的环节,通过实习培养学生理论联系实际、分析问题和解决问题的能力以及实际动手操作能力，使学生具有严格认真的科学态度、实事求是的工作作风、吃苦耐劳的劳动态度以及团结协作的集体观念。同时，也使学生在业务组织能力和实际工作能力方面得到锻炼，为今后从事测绘工作打下良好基础。本次数字地形测量的实习，是对我们数字化测图学习情况的一次实践检验，同时也是一次让我们在实践中体会理解所学知识，并在实际应用中融会贯通的难得机会。 实习要求： (1) 掌握水准仪、全站仪的使用； (2) 掌握导线测量的外业施测过程与方法、内业数据处理过程与方法； (3) 掌握水准测量的外业施测及内业数据处理的过程、方法； (4) 掌握三角高程导线测量的外业施测及内业数据处理的过程、方法； (5) 掌握全站仪数字化测图的外业测量方法及内业软件的使用； (6) 熟悉大比例尺测图的工作内容及作业过程； (7) 掌握地物、地貌的合理表示与取舍原则。

1.6仪器及工具： (1) 水准仪每组一套，包括：水准尺一对、水准仪一台、水准仪脚架一个； (2) 全站仪一套，包括：主机、脚架一个、棱镜两个、对中杆两个、充电器； (3) 铁钉、斧子 (4) 导线测量、等外等水准测量、测量手薄、计算表自备 2 测区概况 淮海工学院第四测区位于江苏省连云港市，地处苏北平原，平均海拔高程约3.7米。测区内均为人造河流、湖泊、草地等，另外有体育馆和体育场等。测区属季风特点的海洋性气候，四季分明，寒暑适宜，光照充足，雨量适中。气候温和湿润，常年平均气温14度左右，年平均降水量约910-980毫米之间，降雨期集中在7-9三个月。 测区内地势较为平坦，道路通畅，交通便利，视野开阔这都有利于我们测量的进行。实习中，我们使用中纬全站仪和精密水准仪进行测量作业，同时我们会避开正午的高温天气，利用早出、午休、晚归的作业方法，摆脱酷热天气的影响，使我们的测量实习可以顺利的进行。 3 平面控制测量 6

3.1平面坐标系统 本次实习采用连云港市坐标系。测区内已知点进行控制测量，布设导线。因为测区内已知点很多，因而十分方便，可选择性较强，但是实际测量中，为了起到真实的锻炼作用，我们只选择两个已知点作为图根点，把他们的坐标作为起算数据，布设导线，导线类型采用闭合导线或者附和导线，目的是为了能够和已知点坐标进行比对，检测控制网观测数据的正确性。实际测量中我们选取了HB16和HB27两个已知点，选取这两个点有利于我们测区的观测，可以同时提供两个闭合导线的起算数据，避免了多余观测。 表3-1 控制点坐标 单位：m 点号 X Y Z

HB16 47176.991 17104.664 3.75 HB27 47222.456 17368.862 3.743

3.2导线等级及精度指标 图根控制测量分为角度测量和距离测量两部分，在我们实际测量中，这两部分都是通过全站仪一起完成的，全站仪它可以完成角度的观测，同时也可以完成距离的观测，既方便省时，精度又高，完全能够满足我们对精度的指标要求。角度观测采用测回法观测法进行。

表3-2城市导线测量的主要技术指标

等级 导线 长度 /km 平均 长度 /km 测角 中误差 测距中误差 /mm 测回数 方位角闭合差 导线全长相对闭合差 J1 J2 J3

二级 2.4 0.2 ±8 ±15 — 1 3 ±16″ ≤1/10000 三级 1.5 0.12 ±12 ±15 — 1 2 ±24″ ≤1/6000 距离测量采用全站仪 表3-3 图根光电测距导线测量的技术要求 比例尺 附合导线 长度（m） 平均边长(m) 导线 相对闭合差 方位角闭合差 测回数

1：500 900 80 ≤1/4000 ≤±40"n 2

注：n为测站数