(完整word版)简单句并列句复合句
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句子结构和成分
句子分类
句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
考点1.简单句
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。如:
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
(画线部分为并列谓语,只有一个主语,仍为简单句。)
改错:
It not only costs little money but also comfortable.
考点2.并列句
改错:
①.He likes English, his English is very good. ×
②.His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. ×
当一个句子中含有两个简单句时,就要考虑两个简单句的连接问题了。直接用逗号连接两个简单句是错误的。
这时我们可以用and, but, or等并列连词来连接这两个句子;也可以用分号(;)来连接。此时,这两个简单句(此时也可称作分句)之间是并列关系,不能说一个分句作了另一个分句的什么成分。
用并列连词或分号连接起来的句子是并列句。
上两句可以改为:
①.He likes English;his English is very good. (用分号连接)
He likes English, so/and his English is very good.
②.His wife was ill; he had to stay at home. (用分号连接)
His wife was ill, so/and he had to stay at home.
考点3.复合句
A.用从属连词连接的句子是复合句。
还先看上面的两个错句:
①.He likes English, his English is very good.×
②.His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. ×
我们还可以用从属连词来连接。这两句话可改为:
①.Because he likes English, his English is very good.
When he likes English, his English is very good.
②.Because his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.
When his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.
先看第一个句子。当用because连接时,译为“因为他喜欢英语,(所以)他的英语非常好”。主要说的是“他的英语非常好”,“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的原因。因此:“his English is very good”是主句,“because he likes English”是原因状语从句。当用when连接时,译为“当他喜欢英语时,他的英语非常好”。主要说的是“他的英语非常好”,“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的时间。因此,“his English is very good”是主句,“when he likes English”是时间状语从句。
同理,句②修改后,前面分别为原因状语从句和时间状语从句,后面是主句。
像上面这样,用从属连词连接两个简单句之后,一个句子是主要的(主句),另外一个句子(从句)是说明主要句子发生的时间、原因、条件等,这样构成的句子称为复合句。
B.当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时,整个句子就成为复合句了。从
词或词组升级后的句子是从句,除从句以外的是主句,整个句子是复合句。
①The boy over there is my brother. (只有一个主谓结构,是简单句。)
The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.
(当over there变为who is wearing a hat时,句子就含有两个主谓结构,一个是The boy is my brother,是主句;who is wearing a hat是the boy的定语,称为定语从句。who既作从句成分,又起着从属连词的作用。)
②I was doing my homework at six. (只有一个主谓结构,是简单句。)
I was doing my homework when he came in.
(I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构,he came in也是一个主谓结构。
后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语,是时间状语从句。因此本句是复合句,when是从属连词。)
③I t is wrong. (只有一个主谓结构,是简单句。)
What he said is wrong.
(what he said,是一个主谓结构。What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构,What he said作主语,is wrong系表结构作谓语,因此,本句是复合句。What he said是主语从句;what既作从句成分又起着从属连词的作用)
从上面这几个句子,我们可以看出:
C.一个句子如果含有从句,如名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和
同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等,这个句子就是复合句。
练习1.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。
1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.