时态和代词知识点与练习
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1 动词时态 一、时态:所谓“时”就是动作发生的时段或状态存在的时段,有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态、完成进行状态或四种。英语中描述不同时间发生的动作,要用不同的时态。 时态的不同体现在句子中的动词上。 二、初一阶段时态种类: 1.一般现在时(do) 2. 现在进行时(be doing) 3.一般过去时(did) 4.一般将来时(will/shall do),(be going to do)
一般现在时 一、 定义:表示经常性、反复性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的状态或者动作有时间规律发生的事件的一种时间状态。 二、时间标志词: often, usually,always,sometimes,everyday,in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night, at weekends, on Sundays….. 三、结构: 1. 肯定句: 主语+be(am, is, are)+其他 否定句: 主语+be(am, is, are)+not+其他 一般疑问句: Be(Am, Is, Are) +主语+其他 肯定回答: Yes, 主语+be(am, is, are) 否定回答: No, 主语+be(am, is, are)+not缩写式 例句: (肯) I am a teacher. He/She is a doctor. You/They are beautiful. (否) I am not a teacher. He/She is not a doctor. You/They are not beautiful. (一般)Are you a teacher ? Is he/she a doctor ? Are you/they beautiful ? (肯回)Yes, I am. Yes, he/she is. Yes, I am/they are. (否回)No, I’m not. No, he/she isn’t. No, I’m not/ they aren’t.
2. 主语+动词(实义动词/情态动词/助动词)+其他 非三单主语+动词原形+其他 (非三单主语:I, you, we,they,以及可以用这些词来代替的词) 三单主语+三单动词+其他 (三单主语:he,she,it,以及可以用这些词来代替的词) 三单动词变化规则: (1) 一般情况下,直接在动词词尾 + s: like-likes,get-gets (2) 以s , ch, x , sh ,(“四川小说”) 结尾的动词,在词尾 + es: guess-guesses ,watch-watches, teach-teaches,wash-washes, fix-fixes (3) 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,先把y变为i, 再 + es: study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries. (4) 不规则(特殊)变化: have-has, do-does, go-goes. 2
注:助动词(do-does):帮助实义动词构成否定句和一般疑问句。 例句: (肯) I/They like apples. He/She likes apples. (否) I/They don’t like apples. He/She doesn’t like apples. (一般) Do you/they like apples? Does he/she like apples? (肯回) Yes, I/they do. Yes, he/she does. (否回) No, I/they don’t. No, he/she doesn’t. 注:含有实义动词的肯定句 (1) 变为否定句时需将助动词do/does+not 放在动词之前,用does时,动词恢复到原形(一山不容二虎) (2) 变为一般疑问句时需将助动词do/does提到主语前;注意人称和标点变化;does 提问时动词恢复到原形(一山不容二虎) 一般现在时用法专练:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl ______ _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _____ ___(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ___ _____(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike ____ ___(like) cooking. 12. They ____ ___(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt ___ ____(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always ____ ___(do) your homework well. 15. I _____ __(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She ____ ___(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _____ __(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _____ __(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang ____ ___(have) eight lessons this term. 20. -What day ___ ____(be) it today? - It’s Saturday 三、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) 3
____ _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答) ___________________ ________ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) ________________________________________________________ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________
现在进行时 一、 定义:表示现在或现价段正在进行的动作。
二、时间标志词:now,Look!Listen! at the moment (此刻) 三、结构: 肯定句: 主语+be(am, is, are)+V-ing(动词现在分词) 否定句: 主语+be(am, is, are)+not+V-ing 一般疑问句: Be(Am, Is, Are) +主语+V-ing 肯定回答: Yes, 主语+be(am, is, are) 否定回答: No, 主语+be(am, is, are)+not缩写式 例句: (肯)I am listening to music. He/She is listening to music. They are listening to music. (否)I’m not listening to music. He/She isn’t listening to music. They aren’t listening to music. (一般)Are you listening to music. Is he/she listening to music? Are they listening to music? (肯回)Yes, I am. Yes, he/she is. Yes, I am/they are. (否回)No, I’m not. No, he/she isn’t. No, I’m not/ they aren’t.