what引导名词性从句的五种用法
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专业知识分享 what引导名词性从句的五种用法
一、用法归纳
1. 表示“……的东西或事情”：
They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2. 表示“……的人或的样子”：
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？
3. 表示“……的数量或数目”：
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.
现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“……的时间”：
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours.
小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5. 表示“……的地方”：
This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
二、用法说明
(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：
你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。
正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.
误：You can have everything what you like.
(2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：
I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。
He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
(3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：
误：I gave him what book I had. WORD格式整理
专业知识分享 (4) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。 如：
I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。
I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的
连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较
2009-04-13 23:22
先看下面一道单项选择题：
______impressed me most was ______such a little boy could play the violin so
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
很明显，这道题考查的知识要点是名词性从句。名词性从句是高中阶段的重要语法项目之一语试题考查的重要语法项目之一，是高中阶段的重点，也是难点，尤其对于连接代词that 和少学生感到十分困惑，做题几乎是靠“蒙”来寻求答案。以这道题为例，第一空是what 引在主语从句中作主语；第二空是that 引导的表语从句，that在表语从句中不能省略，不作虽然that 和what 都可以引导名词性从句,但他们在句子中的语法功能截然不同。下面我们06年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that 与 what 的相关题目对二者在引导名词性从句时的区别。
一．2006年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that 与 what 的相关题目
1. ---- What did your parents think about your decision?
---- They always let me do I think I should. WORD格式整理
专业知识分享 A. when B. that C. how D. what ( 全国II T解析：这一题的正确答案是D。what 在本题中引导名词性从句并作动词do 的宾语。
2．Engines are to machines hearts are to animals.
A. as B. that C. what D. which ( 山东 T23
解析：这一题的正确答案是C。本题汉语意思为“发动机对于机器正如心脏对于动物一样”定句型，其基本结构是“A is to B what C is to D ”。在这个句型结构中，what 引导个are 的表语，同时what 在表语从句中又作表语。
3. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feelinge was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether ( 湖南 T3解析：这一题的正确答案是B。本题考查宾语从句的用法，因从句he was a man of actio不缺少句子成分，且表达肯定意义，所以此空应填入连词that, that 只起连接作用，不作4．----- It’s thirty years since we last met.
----- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, we got lostht.
A. which B. that C. what D. when ( 四川 T30
解析：这一题的正确答案是B。本题考查that 引导的同位语从句的用法，两个逗号之间的部 WORD格式整理
专业知识分享 or not 为插入语，因空的后面是一个语法意义上完整的句子，可以断定这是一个以that 引A 项which 引导定语从句在从句中要作成分；C项What 引导名词性从句时意思是 “----的间/地点等”，等同于定语从句中的“先行词 + that ”，本句中已有先行词 the story,
意的重复；D项when 引导定语从句从句缺少表时间的先行词。
二．that 引导的名词性从句
首先，在引导名词性从句时，that 一般具有不可省略性。
连接代词that除引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略外，引导其他各类名词性从句皆不能省略。① It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people thour e-mail account. ( 2005 天津 )
② ---- Don’t you think it necessary that he not be sent to Miami but to New----- I agree, but the problem is that he has refused to. ( 2005③ There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for th( 2006 天津 T14 )
④ Our English teacher told us (that) we all did very well in the examinationf us got full mark.
以上四个句子中，that 分别引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句和宾语从句，除在第四个at 可以省略外，其他的that 均不可省略。 WORD格式整理
专业知识分享 其次，在引导名词性从句时，that不作句子中的任何成分。例如：
① Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had to
at the airport. ( 2006 重庆 T该句中，that引导同位语从句，但在句中不作任何成分。
