Early Evaluation of the Cray XT3 at ORNL

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The surface of Mars [1]The surface of Mars shows a wide range of geologic features,including huge volcanoes—the largest known in the solar system—and extensive impact cratering.Three very large volcanoes are found on the Tharsis bulge,an enormous geologic area near Mars's equator.Northwest of Tharsis is the largest volcano of all:Olympus Mons,with a height of 25 kilometers and measuring some 700 kilometers in diameter at its base.The three large volcanoes on the Tharsis bulge are a little smaller—a“mere”18 ki1ometers high. [2]None of these volcanoes was formed as a result of collisions between plates of the Martian crust-there is no plate motion on Mars.Instead,they are shield volcanoes—volcanoes with broad,sloping slides formed by molten rock.All four show distinctive lava channels and other flow features similar to those found on shield volcanoes on Earth.Images of the Martian surface reveal many hundreds of volcanoes.Most of the largest volcanoes are associated with the Tharsis bulge,but many sma11er ones are found in the northern plains. [3]The great height of Martian volcanoes is a direct consequence of the planet's low surface gravity.As lava flows and spreads to form a shield volcano,the volcano's eventual height depends on the new mountain's ability to support its own weight.The lower the gravity,the lesser the weight and the greater the height of the mountain.It is no accident that Maxwell Mons on Venus and the Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth rise to about the same height(about10 kilometers)above their respective bases-Earth and Venus have similar surface gravity.Mars's surface gravity is only 40 percent that of Earth,so volcanoes rise roughly 2.5 times as high.Are the Martian shield volcanoes still active?Scientists have no direct evidence for recent or ongoing eruptions,but if these volcanoes were active as recently as 100 million years ago(an estimate of the time of last eruption based on the extent of impact cratering on their slopes),some of them may still be at least intermittently lions of years,though,may pass between eruptions. [4]Another prominent feature of Mars's surface is cratering.The Mariner spacecraft found that the surface of Mars,as well as that of its two moons,is pitted with impact craters formed by meteoroids falling in from space.As on our Moon,the smaller craters are often filled with surface matter—mostly dust—confirming that Mars is a dry desert world.However,Martian craters get filled in considerably faster than their lunar counterparts.On the Moon,ancient craters less than100 meters across(corresponding to depths of about 20 meters)have been obliterated,primarily by meteoritic erosion.On Mars,there are relatively few craters less than 5 kilometers in diameter.The Martian atmosphere is an efficient erosive agent,with Martian windstransporting dust from place to place and erasing surface features much faster than meteoritic impacts alone can obliterate them. [5]As on the Moon,the extent of large impact cratering(i.e.craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they were formed)serves as an age indicator for the Martian surface.Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars's southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way. [6]The detailed appearance of Martian impact craters provides an important piece of information about conditions just below the planet's surface.Martian craters are surrounded by ejecta(debris formed as a result of an impact)that looks quite different from its lunar counterparts.A comparison of the Copernicus crater on the Moon with the(fairly typical)crater Yuty on Mars demonstrates the differences.The ejecta surrounding the lunar crater is just what one would expect from an explosion ejecting a large volume of dust,,soil,and boulders.■However,the ejecta on Mars gives the distinct impression of a liquid that has splashed or flowed out of crater.■Geologists think that this fluidized ejecta crater indicates that a layer of permafrost,or water ice,lies just a few meters under the surface.■Explosive impacts heated and liquefied the ice,resulting in the fluid appearance of the ejecta.■ Paragraph 1 Q29 The word“enormous”in the passage is closest in meaning to A.Important B.Extremely large C.Highly unusual D.Active 正确答案:B 解析：回到原文题干定位词汇出现的句子，“Three very large volcanoes are found on the Tharsis bulge,an enormous geologic area near Mars’s equator.”从句型结构来看，这句话的是修饰Tharsis bulge的同位语短语。

文章逐句翻译第一段The vast grasslands of the High Plains in the central United States were settled by farmers and ranchers in the 1880’s. 19世纪80年代，在美国中部北美大平原的广阔草原上定居着农民和农场主们。

This region has a semiarid climate, and for 50 years after its settlement, it supported a low-intensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming. 这里有着半干旱的气候，在人们定居50年后，它支撑了一个以畜牧业和小麦种植为主的低密度农业经济。

In the early twentieth century, however, it was discovered that much of the High Plains was underlain by a huge aquifer (a rock layer containing large quantities of groundwater). 然而，在20世纪初，人们发现北美大平原的大部下面是巨大的蓄水层（含有大量地下水的岩层）。

This aquifer was named the Ogallala aquifer after the Ogallala Sioux Indians, who once inhabited the region.这个蓄水层因曾经在这里定居过的奥加拉拉苏族印第安人而得名，被称作奥加拉拉蓄水层。

第二段The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota. 奥加拉拉蓄水层属于砂岩结构，在从德克萨斯州西北到南达科塔州的地下绵延了583000平方公里。

2015年华南理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．It’s been a nail-biting couple of weeks waiting for my results.正确答案：等结果的这几个星期，我坐卧不安。

2．Dear me, those girls were even as nervous as brick.正确答案：我的天哪，那些姑娘们居然一点儿也不紧张。

3．These constant changes in the weather beat me.正确答案：我适应不了变化无常的天气。

4．He gave up the sword for the plough.正确答案：他解甲归田了。

5．I could have laughed to read her thoughts.正确答案：看出了她的心思，我差点笑出声来。

6．It is essential that the mechanic or technician understand well the characteristics of battery circuits and the proper methods for connecting batteries or cells.正确答案：重要的是，技术人员要深入了解电池电路的特性和连接电池的正确方法。

7．They were understandably reluctant to join the battle.正确答案：他们不愿意参战，这是可以理解的。

8．The curtain has parted; the mystery is being dispelled.正确答案：帷幕已经拉开，谜团正逐渐被解开。

9．They love to read and be read to.正确答案：他们喜欢自己读书，也喜欢别人念给他们听。

Unit 1 – Section A Language Focus – Words in Use1.The mayor decided to (condense) his speech in order to leave enough time for his audience to raise questions.2.It was reported that there was a vehicle missing every 20 seconds in the US. If the trends continue, experts predict annual vehicle thefts could (exceed) two million.3.Researchers put patients through a set of psychological tests to determine the negative consequences of sleep (deficit) .4.Too much (exposure) to dirty air can cause people to suffer from allergies and diseases that will eventually affect people's health.5.Moving forward even in the face of great difficulties has become my most important (asset) in my life since it has helped me accomplish something remarkable.6.The lawyer proclaimed they couldn't jump to conclusions because acceptable conclusions must be supported by (adequate) facts and evidence.7.To help the employees be more communicative, the company is offering workshops for those who may be professionally (competent) but socially awkward.8.Most parents, in fact, aren't very helpful with the problems that their sons and daughters have in (adjusting) to their college life.9.You can count how many students passed an exam, but psychological and emotional feelings cannot be (precisely) measured.10.In short, participation in sports is extremely (beneficial) for college students not only physically but also emotionally and socially.Word Building1.manager2.editor3.substantial4.survive5.traditional6.marginal7.consistent8.accurate9.efficiency10.recover11.minister12.assemble1.managerial2.editorial3.substance4.survival5.tradition6.margin7.consistency8.accuracy9.efficient10.recovery11.ministry12.assembly1.Careful and detailed planning, plus a firm (editorial) hand, was an essential ingredient in the success of the book.2.In terms of health condition, we must not forget that health (recovery) is brought about not by doctors but by patients themselves.3.With the help of the textbook, you'll possibly speak, read and write English with fluency and (accuracy) .4.While he was trying to get through the crowd, the passenger was taken away because security members found an explosive (substance) in his bag.5.Dave was newly hired by our company, and he is a good choice for the position since he gained rich (managerial) experience when he was working for another company.6.Students especially like the design of the textbook that provides a(n) (margin) on each page to let them conveniently take notes.7.It was Henry Ford who introduced the moving (assembly) belts into his plants, which enabled an enormous increase in production.8.When the People's Republic of China was founded, the school was run by the (Ministry) of Education.9.The climate has changed too much and too quickly: This is why wild animal (survival) is becoming more and more difficult every year.10.If you live in India or West Africa, where there is a long (tradition) of speaking English, you would tend to acquire a variety of pronunciation.11.In regard to the development of moral standards in the growing child, (consistency) is very important when parents teach their children.12.Just as most people have realized, jogging is a cheap, quick and (efficient) way to maintain physical fitness.●Banked ClozeThe Internet has made English learning much easier. English learners used to be (1) (obliged) to spend their time in libraries looking for the books that would help them in their language studies. It was very inconvenient because a lot of materials could only be found in (2) (tedious) and uninteresting textbooks and readers. But today authentic content on a variety of subjects is only a click away. This is especially (3) (beneficial) for those who wants to learn English earnestly.In order to achieve fluency in English, you need to be comfortable using at least 10,000 words. The (4) (abundant) materials on the Internet make it possible for you to choose appropriate content to read and listen to. These materials can be (5) (adjusted) to your level if you input some key words in the search engine. But how can you remember the (6) (bulk) of unfamiliar words?In this case, the Internet (7) (evidently)makes it easier to learn vocabulary. You can use online dictionaries to instantly find out their grammatical (8) (functions) and the specific meaning of these words. The Internet helps you to (9) (efficiently) accumulate vocabulary based on lively and interesting language content, which greatly reduces your (10) (distress) caused by inability to remember the new words. The efficiency of this vocabulary learning is one of the reasons why the Internet has become an ideal place to learn English.●Language Focus – Expressions in Use1.Since we have invited all the other neighbors to our 25th wedding anniversary party, we (feel obliged to) invite the Browns too.2.Most of the time, no one will care about natural disasters, and they won't (be serious about) avoiding disasters till one has really struck.3.When you (run into) a friend that you haven't seen for a long time and have a good chat with him, you may feel very happy and delighted.4.It is very important to (distinguish between) facts and opinions in order to have a better understanding of what a reading passage is talking about.5.Though he was very excited about being elected as president of the student association, many extra responsibilities have been (thrust upon) him ever since then.6.The doctor, having no knowledge that I (was allergic to) this particular drug, prescribed the medicine.7.It's understandable that, without any support, a 16-year-old can easily (get lost) in a committee of people in their forties.8.It is hoped that some new high-tech companies will (be attracted to) this small, old town to encourage loans for building houses and factories.9.It doesn't (make sense) to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.10. A few years later, Franklin got married, started his own printing shop, and was (looked upon as) a successful young businessman.●Translation➢英译汉English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。