汉英语篇翻译重点
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被动语态翻译法1) 变为汉语的主动形式。
Eg:It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为应该这样对待动物:要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。
2) 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。
Eg:For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助,它却不应该被看作是基本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。
Eg:How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.这些预测将在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实取决于所用信息的数量、可靠程度、适宜程度以及用来解释这些信息的技巧与才智。
3) 增添“人们”、“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。
Eg:And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程想比较,他们并认为这些思维过程必须经过某中专门训练才能掌握。
⼀、英汉语篇对⽐及翻译技巧-52) 主语 / 话题转换英语是主语突出的语⾔,汉语是话题突出的语⾔。
换⾔之,英语是⼀种重形式的语法结构,汉语是⼀种重意义的信息结构。
这种主语和话题之间的相互转换是英汉互译的主导⾛向之⼀,是很值得研究的。
例1There was a heightened awareness of each sunny day, the beauty of flowers, the song of bird. How often do we reflect on the joy of breathing easily of swallowing without effort and discomfort, of walking without pain, of a complete and peaceful night’s sleep?对每⼀个晴天丽⽇,对鸟语花⾹,我的感触倍加强烈。
平⽇呼吸轻松,吞⾷⾃如,⾛路毫不费劲,⼀夜安寝到天明,我们⼏曾回味过其中的乐趣?译⽂根据汉语的习惯以话题为主线组织译⽂。
按照话题+评论的模式展开,符合汉语的思维和阅读习惯。
例2…My holiday afternoons were spent in rambles about the surrounding country. I made myself familiar with all its places famous in history or fable. I knew every spot where a murder or robbery had been committed, or a ghost seen. I visited the neighboring villages, and added greatly to my stock of knowledge, by noting their habits and customs, and conversing with their sages and great men …(Washington Irving: The Author’s Account of Himself)A. ……⽆数假⽇下午尽⾏消磨在郊垌的漫游之中。
第七讲汉英语篇翻译(一)由于汉英两种语言的显著差异,与英译汉相似,汉译英时,不仅要着眼于每个句子,更应着眼于句子所在的段落乃至篇章,否则,所给出的译文即使每个句子均没什么毛病,但整个篇章却缺乏必要的统一、连贯和衔接,不符合英语的行文习惯。
因此,第七、八讲审视汉语段落及由多段组成的汉语篇章的英译问题。
一、英语语篇诸要素因为篇幅及时间有限,本讲仅以英语段落为例下面我们就审视连句成段的主要手段。
如果我们对此重视了,把汉语翻译为英语时,就能保证所译出的英语在段落和篇章层次上也能显得较为地道。
连句成段的手段主要有3种:1.语法连接1)时体连接Robert says we can offer the poor respect. And what might they offer back? The constituency had a rude cheer for it.罗伯特说我们可以给穷人以尊重。
但穷人会有什么反映呢?那个选区早就对此喝了倒彩。
2)替代The babysitter looks after my daughter every weekend. But she can’tdo in the end of the semester because she has to prepare for the final examination.保姆每周末都照料我女儿。
但期末她不行,因为她要准备终考。
3)省略Here is a red silk blouse and a blue one. The blue seems to suit you better.有一件红色的真丝罩衫和一件蓝色的。
蓝的似乎更适合你穿。
Overall, the communities on CompuSever tend to be more professional; those on America Online, affluent young singles;Prodigy, family-oriented.总的来说,经常上“计算机服务网”的群体一般是专业技术人员;上“美国在线”网的一般是富有的独身者;“奇才网”则面向家庭。
英汉对比翻译知识点总结翻译是一门复杂的艺术,尤其是英汉翻译,因为中英两种语言有着根本的差异。
对于翻译工作者来说,了解和掌握英汉两种语言的特点和规律是非常重要的。
在翻译过程中,需要考虑语言的语法、词汇、文化以及表达方式等方面的差异。
下面将对英汉翻译中的一些常见知识点进行总结和比较。
1.语法结构英汉两种语言的语法结构有很大的差异。
中文语法灵活,句子结构简洁,通常不需要使用冠词、时态、语气等。
而英语语法则更为严谨,句子结构复杂,使用了丰富的时态、语气和冠词等。
在翻译时,需要注意将英文句子中的时态和语气等信息准确地转化为中文,同时也要保持句子结构的自然流畅。
2.词汇中英两种语言的词汇差异也是翻译中需要关注的重点之一。
英语词汇丰富多样,有着丰富的同义词和近义词,而中文的词汇相对简洁,往往需要通过上下文来理解词义。
在翻译时,需要根据上下文和语境来选择合适的词语,保持译文的意思准确清晰。
3.文化背景文化背景是影响翻译质量的重要因素之一。
英汉两种文化有着不同的价值观、习俗、传统等,因此在翻译时需要考虑到文化差异。
有些词语、习惯用语或者成语在中英两种文化中可能有着不同的含义和使用方式,因此需要特别留意,以免产生误解或者歧义。
4.表达方式英语和中文的表达方式也有着一定的差异。
中文语言善于表达抽象意义,通过修饰词和成语来表达情感和意象。
而英语语言更注重直接的表达和逻辑推理。
在翻译时,需要根据原文的表达方式来选择合适的中文表达方式,以保持译文的准确和自然。
5.口语和书面语中英两种语言的口语和书面语也有着不同的风格和表达方式。
英语口语更为活泼自然,词汇量较大,而中文口语则更为简洁直接,词汇量较小。
在翻译时,需要根据文体和语境来选择合适的口语和书面语表达方式,以保持译文的自然流畅。
总之,英汉翻译是一项需要耐心、细心和专业知识的工作。
翻译工作者需要对比英汉两种语言的语法、词汇、表达方式以及文化背景等方面的差异,才能够做出高质量的翻译作品。
英汉翻译要点1.实称,代称与重复(1)代词1) E.代词用得多,C相反2) E.先出代词,再出它指的人或物。
C先出实词,再用代词。
3)在E中,She或her可以用来指代国家或船只。
4)C可以在一句话中重复某些词语,E却不喜欢重复而用其他简洁的说法来代替。
(代称)(2)名词的重复与代称1)E避免重复,多用代称或以其他手法来避免;C不怕重复,多用实称。
2)E代称:A最常见的办法是使用代词pron.(物主代词)。
They, it, one, another, these,(还有人称代词,指示代词)B名词:this n., such n.,C采用部分重复合并,加以简化。
(3)其他词语的代称(状语,谓语,宾语从句)——pro-formsA then, there,B does, so does, so, doC vice versaD 为了加强语气,E也重复,不用代称。
2.搭配(1)主谓搭配-主语(与动词)汉语的主谓关系没有英语密切。
汉译英时,考虑的就是主谓搭配的问题1)翻译时的转换:A.(n1)+n2+a.: n1+take/have+(a.)+n2 (主谓式为n+a.-定短式)B.(n1)+n2+v.: n1+v.+n2 (主谓式为n+v.-动宾式)以上为定语作主语式2)英语的主语不能不断变换3)若E保留C的主语,就要选用合适的动词了。
4)由字引出谓语时, E用被动语态; 并且考虑增词搭配5)C为无主句,E以C的宾语作主语采用被动语态(正式场合,E一定要有主语)。
(2)主谓搭配-动词(与主语)1)E-C时,动词处理起来弹性很大,注意选择一个能很好与主语搭配的动词。
(感情色彩)2)E-C,C-E,无论是主谓关系,动宾关系,不是修饰关系,都存在一个选择最佳搭配问题。
(V-定语,当形容用)3)E用倒装时(主谓颠倒),应改变句子结构并找一个适当的V。
4)动词(与宾语)A E中,2个主语共用1个动词,或1个动词有2个并列的宾语,C中根据有关的主语或宾语选用不同的动词,分别处理。
汉译英语法要点总结1. 准确翻译:在汉译英过程中,准确地翻译是最重要的。
为了保证准确性,应注意以下要点:- 确保理解原文的意思,尤其是涉及法律术语和概念的部分。
- 使用适当的英语词汇和表达方式来准确传达原文的含义。
- 避免词义的误解或混淆,特别是在存在多义词的情况下。
2. 语法结构:在进行汉译英时,语法结构的正确使用是关键。
以下是几个需要注意的要点:- 确保句子结构正确,包括主谓宾的搭配和时态的正确使用。
- 使用恰当的语态,包括主动语态和被动语态,以准确地表达原文中的动作或事件。
- 使用适当的连词和连接词来构建句子的连贯性和流畅性。
3. 法律术语翻译:在进行汉译英时,正确翻译法律术语是至关重要的。
以下是一些建议:- 确保理解法律术语的准确含义和用法。
- 参考专业法律词典或翻译资源,以确保法律术语的准确翻译。
- 在翻译法规、条款或合同等正式文件时,保持与原文在法律术语使用上的一致性。
4. 文化差异:汉译英时需要留意中西文化差异对表达方式的影响。
以下是一些需要注意的文化差异:- 注意原文中的语、成语或文化背景的表达方式,适当进行调整或解释。
- 尊重英语的文化和法律背景,以确保翻译的准确性和适用性。
5. 校对和修订:完成翻译后,进行校对和修订是非常重要的。
以下是一些建议:- 对翻译的内容进行仔细校对,确保句子结构正确、语法准确,并保持上下文的连贯性。
- 重点检查翻译中可能存在的错别字、标点符号错误或其他拼写和语法错误。
- 如果可能,邀请母语为英语的人士进行审校,以确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。
以上是汉译英语的一些要点总结,希望能对您的汉译工作有所帮助。
《汉英翻译》复习提纲Chapter oneas close/dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶cast/lay/have an anchor to windward 未雨绸缪范进迎了出去,只见那张乡绅下了轿进来,头带纱帽,……Fan Chin went out to welcome the visitor, who was one of local gentry, and Mr. Chang alighted from the chair and came in. He was we aring an official’s gauze cap…(乌)纱帽an official’s gauze capblue jokes下流的玩笑blue talk下流的言论This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.我再也无法忍受了。
我当时很年轻,我要在一个女人手下工作,这对我简直是最大的侮辱。
Chapter two军事集团a military bloc反党集团anti-Party clique保税区bonded area消息灵通人士Informative sources or well-informed source持审慎态度With guarded reserve经济全球化economic globalization两岸关系the relationship between the two sidesthe relationship between the two sides of the Taiwan Straitrelations across the Taiwan Strait三个代表Three Represents/the Three R Principles科学发展观the scientific outlook on development中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics 一国两制one country,two systems三资企业three kinds of foreign invested enterprises保税区bonded area海选mass election审美疲劳aesthetic fatigue跳槽job-hop暗箱操作manipulation behind the scene白色收入1egal income灰色收入grey income神舟五号Shenzhou No.5亚健康subhealth排行榜best seller list电子邮件electronic mail草根组织grass-root organization多媒体multimedia按揭贷款mortgage loan短信陷阱令你防不胜防Traps of Short Messages:Hard to Guard Against东北生态岌岌可危The Ecological Crisis in Northeast China夫妻联手解开新的基因奥秘Husband and wife team unlocks new gene secrets妇女正在成为家庭装修能手Women are become experts at home repairs.房屋起火五死四伤Five killed and four hurt in a house fire.严禁非法金融活动,维护经济秩序稳定State eliminates illegal banking挽留北京旧城墙Beijing to fix ancient city wall施罗德将出访美国Shroeder to visit US forging ties with the new Bush举世瞩目的中国农业Chinese Agriculture Attracting Worldwide Attention农民可放心的几件事T he Things That Farmers Needn’t Worry About江泽民在贵州、广西考察扶贫开发工作强调扶贫攻坚战必须打好,务求全胜Jiang: Abolish rural poverty美国不要做干涉他国内政的事情US told to stop its ‘interfering’青海湖二百年内将成为盐湖Qinghai Lake to Become Salty Within 200 Years我国承担的人类基因组“天书”接近完成China to complete draft of 1% Human Genome上千律师义务帮助二战中国劳工打官司Lawyers to help forced laborers无可奉告No comments即将取得进展On the brink of breathrough援引...的话说Be quoted as saying (cited as saying)两栖明星a bi-media star大龄青年:single youth above the normal matrimonial age豆腐渣丁程:bean-curd projects(so named because they are too poor in quality to last out)三角债:chain debts; debt chains单亲家庭single-parent family防病毒软件anti-virus software免提电话hand-free phone生态宜居城市eco-friendly city无人售票车conductor-less bus无烟城市smoke-free city外向型经济export-oriented economy工薪族wage-earners打工族job-seekers; migrant worker刷卡族card-users追星族star-chasers国家发改委副主任张平说跨越式发展是一大亮点。
汉英翻译10大必考点【word版】汉英翻译中的10大必考考点:1.被动语态在不同时态中的应用2.形容词和副词的比较级(一般不考最高级)3.倍数、半数的表达法4.require、demand、order、claim等动词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达5.It is time…、It is natural…等词后接宾语从句时从句的虚拟性表达6.If 引导的条件状语从句、及虚拟语气的表达定语从句的恰当表达7.no matter 引导的状语从句8.主语从句、动词不定式复合结构作主语9.现在分词和过去分词在句子中的应用10. 倒装句式的使用1)The size of my room is three times the size of yours.我房间的面积是你房间的三倍。
2) Tom bought a same book as mine early this morning.汤姆今天早上买了一本和我的一样的书。
3) I was reading a novel when my mother came in to fetch some books. 我正在读小说,突然我妈妈进来送些书给我。
4)Since he has been late, I will leave some message notes for him.既然他已经晚点了,我就给他留几个便条吧。
5) He eventually succeeded after (he experienced) many failures.在经历了许多失败之后,他终于成功了。
6)We got very surprised at his going to school late every day.我们对他天天上学迟到感到惊奇7)Everybody was shocked at her killing boyfriend.她能杀了她男朋友,大家都很吃惊。
8)I don’t believe that he can mock/ridicule me.我不相信他会嘲弄我。
英语重点翻译1、布鲁斯先生对他不尊重当地(local)传统的行为表示了歉意。
Mr. Bruce made an apology for disrespect for the local traditions.2、在会议上,双方就两国关系方面交换了各自的观点。
At the meeting the two parties exchanged their opinions on the relationship between the two countries.3、他目前心情很糟糕,不适合在公共场合露面。
He is in such a bad mood that it is not appropriate for him to appear in public.4、你提水的时候至少应该做到不要把水泼出来呀!You should at least try not to spill the water when carrying it.5、这位科学家的论点得到了学术界(academic circles)的极大支持。
The argument of this scientist received tremendous support from academic circles.6、无论你遇到什么困难,大家都会帮你渡过难关的。
No matter what difficulties you may come across, we will pull you through.7、杰米冲到人行道上,捡起钱包,举得高高的,大声喊道:“妈妈,你的钱包掉了!”Jimmy raced to the sidewalk ,picked up the purse ,which he held high up, and shouted, “Mom ! You’ve dropped your purse.”8、父亲最近情况不是太好,我这部小说写完后就回北京照顾他。
可是在其他地方,情况却完全两样了。
But the picture outside this place is quite another story.如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册,不胜感激。
It would be appreciated if samples and /or brochure could be soon forwarded to us. 没有群众条件,要进行价格改革是不能的。
It is impossible to carry out a price reform without popular support.接到你的来信,非常高兴。
I was very glad to have received your letter.她用手蒙住脸,好像是为了保护眼睛。
She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes.群众齐心了,一切事情都好办了。
When the masses are of one heart, everything becomes easy.我们对问题要作全面的分析,才能解决得妥当。
We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.虽然中国妇女在平等方面取得了巨大的进步,但还未完全实现平等就业机会。
It is true that Chinese women have made enormous strides toward equality. But the goals of equal opportunity of employment for women have not been fully realized. 生也好,死也好,我们要忠于党,忠于人民,忠于祖国。
Live or die, we should be loyal to our Party, to our people and to our motherland.因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系,所以八面玲珑,到处有缘。
(“八面玲珑,到处有缘”是一个意思,只要译出一个就可以)Sensitive in their dealings with others, they are well liked everywhere.海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞,手足兄弟。
The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same blood.他的家里十分穷,但是他从小就认真读书,刻苦学习。
His family was very poor, but he worked hard at his studies even in his early childhood.对于胜利了的人民,这(指权力)是如同布帛菽粟一样地不可以须臾离开的东西。
Like food and clothing, this power is something a victorious people cannot do without even for a moment.( “布帛菽粟”是用来比喻人民生活中的头等要素“吃、穿”。
不能逐字译成cloth and silk, bean and grain)林则徐认为,要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片焚毁了。
Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the opium trade must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.获悉贵国遭受地震,我们极为关切。
We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake.空气是这样的清香,使人胸脯里感到分外凉爽、舒畅。
The air was fresh and fragrant; it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort.该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛,经久耐用。
The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.医生为救病人,尽到了一切必要的努力。
The doctor did everything necessary to save the patient.我们一定要用一切可能的办法来帮助他们。
We must help them in every way possible. ( in every possible way)过去我们5月份总是到海滨去休假。
We always used to go for a holiday to the seaside in May.我是在哈尔滨工作时认识她的。
I made her acquaintance when I was working in Harbin.救死扶伤,实行人道主义。
Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice humanitarianism.窗上的玻璃叫那个孩子打破了,他一定要挨骂的。
The window pane was broken by the child; he will certainly be scolded.办公大楼为松树所环绕。
The office building is surrounded by pine trees.这个问题必须在适当的时候以适当的方式予以处理。
The problem must be dealt with by appropriate means at an appropriate time.我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。
National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct. 1 by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year.今天邀请大家来开座谈会,目的是要和大家交换意见。
You have been invited to this forum today to exchange ideas.来宾请出示入场券。
Visitors are requested to show their tickets.他的解释不能让人满意。
His explanation is far from satisfactory.他虽然贫穷,但无论如何也不会说谎。
Poor as he was, he was above telling a lie in any case.俗话说,‘男儿有泪不轻弹,皆因未到伤心处’嘛。
As the saying goes, “Men only weep when deeply hurt.”As the saying goes, “Men never weep unless and until deeply hurt.”小王这几年一直是全勤。
Xiao Wang has never missed a day’s work for years.使我们失望的是他不顾大局。
To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account.他上火车站去接他的朋友,可是未能在人群中见到他。
He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd.他未能履行诺言,我们大家都很失望。
His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed every one of us.他宁愿饿死,不愿行窃。
He will die of hunger before he steals.要不是你帮忙,那件任务我是无法按时完成的。
Without your help, I could not have fulfilled the task in time.工作没有经验,出点差错,几乎是不可避免的。
Slips are scarcely avoidable when you are new to your work,活到老,学到老。
One is never too old to learn.请讲慢一点。
Speak a little slower, please.知彼知己,百战不殆。
Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat..祥子的手哆嗦得更厉害了,揣起保单,拉起车,几乎要哭出来。
Xiangzi’s hands were shaking even more violently as he tucked the guarantee away and pulled his rickshaw out, feeling ready to burst into tears.这里省去的主语,不是前一句中的主语“祥子的手”而是在该句主语中作定语的“祥子”。
他找着了就送过来。
If she find s it, she’ll send it to you.他有这样的看法,已经不是一两天了,但他隐忍着,从未向谁谈过。
He had been harbouring such views for some time, but had kept them to himself. 向谁谈过。
He had been harbouring such views for some time, but had kept them to himself. 历来只有真正老实的劳动者,才懂得劳动生产财富的道理,才能排除一切想入非非的发财思想,而踏踏实实地用自己的辛勤劳动,为社会也为自己创造财富和积累财富。
Throughout the ages only those honest laboring people see the truth that wealth is created through labour. Only they can free their minds of any fantastic ideas ofgetting rich. And only they create and accumulate wealth for both society and themselves through hard practical work.这王冕天性聪明,年纪不满二十岁,就把那天文、地理、经史上的大学问,无一不贯通。