113855普通化学英汉术语+(General+Chemistry+Glossary)
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化合:chemical combination置换:metathesis分解decompose复分解double decomposition包括include中和neutralization反应reactPart 1 foundation chemistry 基础化学Chapter 1acid 酸apparatus 仪器,装置aqueous solution 水溶液arrangement of electrons 电子排列assumption 假设atom 原子(化学变化中的最小粒子)atomic mass 原子量atomic number 原子序数atomic radius 原子半径atomic structure 原子结构be composed of 由……组成bombardment 撞击boundary 界限cathode rays 阴极射线cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器ceramic 陶器制品charge-clouds 电子云charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比(质谱分析时样品质量的测量以质量与其离子电荷之比表示)chemical behaviour 化学行为chemical property 化学性质(物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质)clockwise 顺时针方向的compound 化合物(由不同元素组成的纯净物)configuration 构型copper 铜correspond to 相似corrosive 腐蚀d-block elements d 区元素deflect 使偏向,使转向derive from 源于deuterium 氘diffuse mixture 扩散混合物distance effect 距离效应distil 蒸馏distinguish 区别distribution 分布doubly charged(2+) ion 正二价离子dye 染料effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响electrical charge 电荷electrical field 电场electrically neutral atom 电中性原子electricity 电electrolysis 电解electron 电子(负电荷粒子,电量等于4.77×10-10绝对静电单位)electron shielding 电子屏蔽element 元素(具有相同核电荷数即荷内质子数的一类原子的总称)emission spectrum 发射光谱(根据发射光源和激发能量方式所产生的特征电磁波谱)energy level 能态,能级(稳态能量,有相同主量数的电子壳层)fertiliser 肥料first ionisation energy 一级电离能fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluoride 氟化物fuel 燃料fundamental substance 基础物质fuzzy 模糊的galaxy 星系,银河gas 气体gaseous state 气态gravity 重力GroupⅠ第一族Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 海森堡测不准原理hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸identical 同一的,相等的in terms of 根据,在……方面innermost 最内的,最深的interaction 相互作用internal structure 内部结构interpret 解释investigate 研究,调查ionisation energy 电离能(从原子或分子中移走一个电子至无穷远处所需的能量,以电子伏特eV表示)ionise 电离isotope 同位素(原子里具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数的同一元素的原子互称同位素)J.J. Thomson’s e/m experiment 汤姆森质何比实验Latin 拉丁lepton 轻粒子liquid 液体magnet 磁铁magnetic field 磁场Maltese Cross 马耳他十字marble 大理石mass number 质量数matter 物质metal foil 金箔meteorite 陨星microbe 微生物,细菌Millikan’s ‘oil-drop’ ecperiment 密立根油滴实验model-building 模型建筑mole 摩尔(表示一个系统的物质的量的单位,该系统中所包含的基本单元数与12g碳12即12C的原子数目相等,每摩尔物质含有阿佛加德罗常数个微粒)molecule 分子(保持物质的化学性质的最小粒子)narrow beam 狭窄的光线negative electrode(cathode)阴极negligible 可以忽略的neutron 中子nitrate 硝酸盐noble gas 稀有气体normal pressures 常压nuclear charge (原子)核电荷nuclear model for atoms 原子核模型nuclear reaction 核反应nucleus (pl.nuclei)核Orbital 轨道paraffin wax 石蜡particle 微粒,粒子Pauli exclusion principle 保里不相容原理(每个原子轨道至多只能容纳两个电子;而且,这两个电子自旋方向必须相反)Periodic Table 周期表physical property 物理性质(物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质,如颜色、状态、气味、熔沸点、密度等)plastics 塑料plum-pudding 李子布丁positive charge 正电荷(带有质子的物质,用丝绸摩擦玻璃棒,在棒上会产生正电荷)positive electrode (anode) 阳极positively charged particle (ion) 离子potential difference 电位prediction 预言principal quantum number 主量子数(标示轨道电子的波函数,包括轨道角动量和自旋量子数,电子的能级和距原子核的平均距离主要取决于主量子数)probe 探测,探究protium 氕proton 质子quantum (pl. quanta)量子(一个电子转移到原子的下一层轨道时发出的有限辐射能单位)quantum mechanics 量子力学Quantum Theory 量子理论quark 夸克(组成基本粒子的更小的粒子)radioactive source 放射源repel 排斥repulsion 斥力respectively 分别地rung 梯级scattering effect 散射作用Schr?dinger equation 薛定谔(波动)方程(一偏微分方程,描述基本粒子波动性)scintillation 火花shell 电子壳层shielding effect 屏蔽效应simpler substance 单质(指由同种元素组成的纯净物)solid 固体sphere 球spin 自旋stable state 稳态sub-atomic particle 原子内的粒子subset 子集,小团体successive ionisation energy 逐级电离能symbol 符号symmetry 对称the lowest-energy orbitals 最低能量轨道transition elements 过渡元素tritium 氚X-ray X 射线α-particles α粒子,即alpha-particle(带有两个质子和中子的粒子,即氦原子核,对物质的穿透力较强,流速约为光速的1/10)α-ray α 射线β-particles β粒子β-ray β 射线γ-patticles γ粒子γ-rayγ 射线Chapter 2abbreviation 缩写absorption 吸收abundance 丰度accelerate 加速alloy 合金alter 改变atmospheric pressure 大气压Avogadro’s constant 阿佛加德罗常数(12g12C含有的原子数,约为6.02×1023)azide 叠氮化物balance chemical equation 配平化学方程式balance ionic equation 配平离子方程式benzene 苯blast furnace 高炉bromide 溴化物bulk 体积burette 滴定管butane 丁烷carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonate 碳酸盐collide with 冲突combustion analysis 燃烧分析concentration 浓度conical flask 锥形瓶convert 转化covalent bonds 共价键(原子间通过共用电子对形成的化学键)decimal place 小数位deposit 沉淀物detonator 炸药dioxide 二氧化物dissolve 溶解dropwise 逐滴地electric current 电流empirical formulae 实验式,经验式(只表示化合物中原子间最简单比例关系,非分子式,而为成分式)end-point 终点enthalpy 焓(热力学状态函数,单位质量的热含量,恒压下系统改变状态时增加的热含量等于内能与体系体积与压力乘积之和)equation 方程式ethanoic acid 乙酸filament 灯丝formula (pl. formulae)化学式(用元素符号来表示物质组成的式子)granule 颗粒Group Ⅰ- the alkali metal 第一族,碱金属Group Ⅱ-the alkaline earth metal 第二族,碱土金属Group Ⅲ- 第三族Group Ⅳ-Carbonic Group 碳族Group Ⅴ-Nitric Group 氮族Group Ⅵ-Oxygenic Group 氧族Group Ⅶ, the halogens 第七主族,卤族hexane 己烷horizontal axis 横坐标hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,烃hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢hydroxide 氢氧化物hypothesis 假设indicator 指示剂inspect 检查,查看iodide 碘化物ionic compound 离子型化合物(电负性相差大的两种元素相互作用,发生电子转移,变为正、负离子,正、负离子结合形成离子型化合物)iron oxide 氧化铁low pressure 低压mass spectrometer 质谱仪methane 甲烷mixture 混合物(由两种或多种物质混合而成的,这些物质相互间没有发生反应,混合物里各物质都保持原来的性质)molar mass 摩尔质量(1摩尔物质的质量)molarity 摩尔浓度,也叫物质的量浓度(以1升即1立方分米溶液里含有多少摩溶质来表示溶液组成的物理量)molecular formulae 分子式(根据元素分析和分子量表示的化学式)monoxide 一氧化物negative ion (=anion) 阴离子neutralise 中和nitric acid 硝酸non-metal 非金属octane 辛烷organic compound 有机化合物oxidation state 氧化态oxide 氧化物peroxide 过氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐pipette 移液管positive ion (=cation) 阳离子precipitation reaction 沉淀反应reactant 反应物reaction 反应reagent 试剂,反应物redox reaction 氧化还原反应relative atomic mass 相对原子质量(以碳12原子的质量的1/12约1.66×10-27kg作为标准,其他原子的质量跟它比较所得的值)relative formula mass 相对式量relative isotopic mass 相对同位素质量relative molecular mass 相对分子质量(化学式中各原子的相对原子质量的总和)room temperature 室温singly charged 单核stoichiometric ratio 化学计量比stoichiometry 化学计量法sulphate 硫酸盐sulphide 硫化物sulphite 亚硫酸盐sulphuric acid 硫酸temperature 温度thermite 铝热剂,灼热剂titration 滴定法(将已知浓度的标准溶液加到被测溶液中,直到反应完成,借以测定其浓度)vaporize 汽化vertical axis 纵坐标vice versa 反之亦然volume 体积weld 焊接Chapter 3adjacent molecule 相邻的分子amide 酰胺(含-CONH2基)ammonia 氨atmosphere 大气层atomic orbital 原子轨道attractive force 吸引力biochemical compound 生化化合物boiling point 沸点bond angle 键角(与同一原子连接的两个键之间的角度)bond enthalpybond length 键长(分子中两个原子核间的平衡距离)bonding pair 成键电子对brine 盐水brittle 脆的building-block(=monomer unit) 单体(聚合物中最简单的重复结构单元)catalyst 催化剂(能改变反应速度而它本身的组成和质量在反应前后保持不变的物质)chemical bonding 化学键(分子或晶体中,原子或离子之间直接的、主要的和强烈的相互作用称为化学键)chemical bonding and structure 化学键及结构chloride 氯化物cleavage 裂开condense 浓缩conduct electricity 导电covalent compound 共价化合物crystal 晶体crystal lattice 晶格crystal plane 晶体平面crystalline solid 晶状固体cyclohexane 环己胺dative covalent bond=coordinate bond 配位键decomposition 离解density 密度dipole-dipole force 取向力dot-and-cross diagram 电子式,点叉式double bond 双键double helix 双螺旋ductile 可塑性,易变形的,可延展的electric dipole 电偶极子(一对相距极近,符号相反、数值相等的电荷所形成的体系)electrical insulator 电绝缘体electrical transformer 变压器electronegativity 电负性(原子或基团吸引并持留价电子的能力)electron-pair 电子对electron-pair repulsion theory 电子对互斥理论(是利用中心原子周圍電子的排斥理論來預測的分子及離子(去除金屬部分)的形狀)electrostatic attraction 静电吸引(引力)emerald 翡翠enthalpy change of vaporization 蒸发焓ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇,又叫酒精evaporation 蒸发fabric 布,fibre 纤维fibrous 纤维状的formation of ions 离子的形成gaseous state 气态gemstone 宝石graphite 石墨haemoglobin 血红蛋白hard 硬的high-density poly(ethene) 高密度聚乙烯hydrated ion 水合离子(与水结合而成,如H3O+)hydrogen bond 氢键(氢键是由于与电负性极强的元素如氟、氧等相结合的氢原子和另一分子中电负性极强的原子间所产生的引力而形成)insoluble 不溶instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces 诱导力intermediate character 两性intermolecular force 分子间作用力(又称van der Waals’ force 范德华力)interval 间隙ionic bonding 离子键(由原子得失电子后,生成的正负离子之间,靠静电作用而形成的化学键)ionic crystal 离子晶体(离子间通过离子键结合而成的晶体)ionic lattice 离子晶格jewellery 珠宝kinetic theory of matter 物质运动论(所有物质的分子处于恒动状态)liquid state 液态lone-pairs 孤对电子low-density poly(ethene) 低密度聚乙烯LP-LP repulsion> LP-BP repulsion> BP-BP repulsion 孤电子对—故电子对斥力>孤电子对—成键电子对斥力>成键电子对—成键电子对斥力lubricant 润滑剂magnetise 磁化malleable 有延展性的melting point 熔点metal complex 金属络合物(由金属离子与电子给予体结合而成)metallic bonding 金属键(通过自由运动的价电子将金属原子连结起来的键) metallic element 金属元素mineral 矿物质mobile electron 流动电子molecular orbital 分子轨道molten 熔化non-contuctor 非导体non-linear molecule 非直线分子non-metallic element 非金属元素non-polar molecule 非极性分子non-stick properties 不黏性nylon 尼龙,聚酰胺纤维octahedron 八面体oppositely charged electron 电性相反的电极oppositely charged ion 电性相反的离子outer-shell electron 外层电子oxonium ion(=hydronium ion) 水合氢离子polar molecule 极性分子polarisation of ions 离子极化(在阴阳离子自身电场作用下,产生诱导偶极,而导致离子的极化,即离子的正负电荷重心不再重合,电子云发生变形,致使物质在结构和性质上发生相应的变化)polarized 极化poly 聚乙烯poly(ester) chain 聚酯链polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 多氯联(二)苯polymer 聚合物,高分子polymer chain 聚合物链protein 蛋白质quartz 石英relative bond strength 相对键能repulsion 斥力ruby 红宝石sapphire 蓝宝石semi-precious stone 亚宝石single bond 单键slippery 光滑sodium chloride 氯化钠solid state 固态solubility 溶解度(物质在溶剂中达到饱和时的溶解程度)soluble 可溶sparingly soluble 难溶sublimation 升华(固体不经液态直接转变为气态)sublime 升华(固体不经液态直接转变为气态)sucrose 蔗糖surface tension 表面张力(由于表面层下面的分子与表面层下面的分子间的分子吸引,液体表面收缩成最小表面的趋向)symmetrical distribution 对称分布tensile strength 抗拉强度tetrahedral molecule 四面体分子tetrahedron 四面体the δ+ and δ-charges δ+ 和δ-电荷three-dimensional arrangement 三维排列triangular pyramidal molecule 三角锥形分子trichloromethane 三氯甲烷trigonal planar molecule 三角锥形分子triple bond 三键unit cell 晶胞vapour pressure (蒸汽压)viscosity 黏度(流体流动阻力的表示,为液体中黏合力和内聚力的综合效果)volatility 挥发性washing-up liquidwater is peculiar 水是特殊的weapon 武器δbond δ键δorbital δ轨道π bond π键π orbital π轨道Chapter 4 and 5antacid tablet 解酸的药片atomic radii(=atomic radius) 原子半径barium meal 钡餐Blocks of elements in the Periodic Table 周期表中元素的分区brick red 砖红色bricklaying 砌砖,泥水业brilliant whitish flame 明亮的白色火焰bubble 泡camera lenses 照相机镜头cement 水泥chalk 白垩chemical species 化学物种clay 黏土,泥土cliff 悬崖cloudy white precipitate 浑浊的白色沉淀covalent radius 共价半径covered with a layer of its oxide 覆盖一层氧化物薄膜crucible 坩埚crumble 粉碎d-block d区diatomic molecule 双原子分子dilute 稀释disulphur dichloride 二氯化二硫dolomite 白云石electronegative 带负电的,负电性的electropositive 带正电的,正电性的evolution (气体)散出exothermic reaction 放热反应f-block f区filtration 过滤firework 焰火flare 照明弹good conductivity of heat and electricity 良好的导电导热性gypsum 石膏hydrogencarbonate 碳酸氢盐incendiary bomb 燃烧弹indigestion remedy 消化不良的治疗lanthanide and actinide elements 镧系和锕系元素(周期表中,ⅧB族有32种元素,包括钪、钇、镧和锕,其中镧这一格代表15种镧系元素[Z=51~71],锕这一格代表15种锕系元素[Z=89~103])Law of Octaves 八行周期律(当元素按原子量增加的顺序排列成以八个为一组时,则上下每组对应元素有相似的性质)Law of Triadslime 石灰lime water 石灰(水溶液)limelight 灰光灯limestone 石灰石liquid phase 液相magnesium ribbon 镁条marine invertebrate 海里的无脊椎动物Mendeleev’s periodic table 门捷列夫周期表(按原子序数递增顺序排列成行,并将元素性质相同者置于各行之下,由此形成18列,各列元素的化合价按正规顺序变化)metal hydride 金属氢化物metallic radius 金属半径molten slag 熔渣monatomic ion 一价离子mortar 灰浆negative oxidation state 负化合价opaque 不透,不传导oxidation 氧化oxidation number (abbreviated ox. no.) 氧化数(某元素一个原子的荷电数,这种荷电数由假设把每个键中的电子指定给电负性更大的原子而求得)oxidation state 氧化态oxidising agent 氧化剂(得到电子的物质)p-block p区periodic patterns 周期律periodicity 周期性photographic flash bulb 感光photosynthesis 光合作用pitchblende 沥青铀矿plaster 石膏plaster of Pairs 熟石膏positive oxidation state 正化合价quicklime 生石灰reactivity 活动性reciprocal 倒数redox system 氧化还原体系reducing agent 还原剂(逝去电子的物质)reduction 还原refractory material 难熔物质rotary kiln 回转窑(炉)saturated solution 饱和溶液s-block s区scum 浮垢sedimentary rock 沉积岩siemens per metre (S m-1) 西门子/米(西门子是电导实用单位,亦称姆欧,欧姆的倒数)single atom 单原子slaked lime 石灰(固)solid phase 固相suspension 悬浮液the outmost electrons 最外层电子the rising parts of the curve 曲线的上升部分the trend is uneven 趋势是不规则的thermal decomposition 热(分)解toxic 有毒的tracer bullet 示踪子弹trough 曲线上的最小值valency 化合价vapour phase 气相vigorous 剧烈的Chapter 6a cream precipitate 米黄色沉淀aerosol propellant 气溶胶喷射剂ammonia solution 氨水anomalous properties 异常的性质antiseptic抗菌剂,防腐剂apparent 透明的bacteria 细菌bleach 漂白bromine is a dark red liquid giving off a densered vapour 溴是深红色液体,会挥发浓的红色溴蒸气capture an electron 捕获一个电子CFCS(chlorofluorocarbons) 含氯氟烃chlorine is greenish yellow gas 氯是黄绿色气体contamination 污染covalent diatomic molecule 共价双原子分子cyclohexane 环己烷dichloromethane 二氯甲烷displacement reaction 置换反应(由一种单质跟一种化合物起反应,生成另一种单质和另一种化合物的反应:1.非金属取代—电负性强者取代弱者;2.金属取代—金属性强者取代弱者)disproportionation reaction 歧化反应(又叫自身氧化还原反应,在歧化反应中同一种元素的一部分原子[或离子]被氧化,另一部分原子[或离子]被还原)electron affinity 电子亲合势(原子保持其离子电荷的亲合势)fire extinguisher 灭火器flammable 易燃的fluoride controversyfluorine is pale yellow gas 氟是淡黄绿色气体foaming agent 起泡剂germicide 杀菌剂halate 次卤酸根离子halide 卤化物halogen 卤族元素,简称卤素hydrated halide ion 水合卤素离子inert 惰性的iodine in alcohol 碘酒iodine is a shiny, grey-black crystalline solid which sublimes to a purple vapour 碘是有光泽的灰黑色晶体,会升华变成紫色碘蒸气liver damage 肝脏损伤Lubricant 滑润剂non-flammable 不易燃的organic solvent 有机溶剂organo-chlorine 有机氯ozone layer 臭氧层poisonous 有毒的PTFE (polytetrafluoroethene) 聚四氟乙烯PVC 聚氯乙烯refrigerant 制冷剂solvent 溶剂thyroid problem 甲状腺问题volatility 挥发性water purification 水质净化waterproof clothing 防水布Part 2 Chains and Rings 链和环Chapter 71,2-dichloroethene 1,2-二氯乙烯2,2,3-trimethylbutane 2,2,3-三甲基丁烷2,2,4-trimethypentane (iso-octane) 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷2-bromobutane 2-溴丁烷2-hydroxybenzoic acid 2-对羟基苯甲酸2-methylpentan-3-one 2-甲基3-戊酮3-ethylpent-2-ene 3-乙基烯acid-base reaction 酸碱反应activation energy 活化能(分子开始反应所需最低能量,为活化分子能量与所有分子平均能量差)addition 加成alanine 丙氨酸alcohol 醇aldehyde 醛aliphatic alcohol 脂肪醇aliphatic aldehyde 脂肪醛aliphatic compounds 脂肪族化合物alkene 烯烃alkyl 烷基allotrope 同素异形体amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸ammonium cyanate 氰化铵anhydrous salt 无水盐anti-bumping stone 沸石aqueous layer 水层arene 芳烃aromatic compounds 芳香族化合物(分子里含有一个或多个苯环的化合物)aspirin 阿司匹林atoms can rotate freely about a carbon-carbonsingle bond 原子可绕碳-碳单键自由旋转ball-and-stick model 球棍模型benzene ring 苯环branched-chain 支链buchner flask 布氏烧瓶,抽滤瓶buchner funnel 布氏漏斗(常用于真空抽滤疏松沉淀)buckminsterfullerenebut-2-ene 2-丙稀butan1-ol (=CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) 1-丁醇butanoic acid 丁酸cage 壳体,支架calculation of percentage yields 回收率的计算capillary electrophoresis apparatus 毛细管电泳仪carbanion 负(阴)碳离子carbocation 正(阳)碳离子carboxylic acid 羧酸Compact 致密的condenser 冷凝器convection currents 对流气流(由温差推动)criteria for checking purity 检测纯度的标准cyclic hydrocarbon 环烃(碳原子间相互连接成环状)cyclobutane 环丁烷decane 癸烷displayed formula (=full structural formula)distillation 蒸馏法eicosane 二十烷electric heating mantle 电热炉electrophile 亲电子试剂electrophilic addition 亲电子加成electrophilic substitution 亲电子取代elimination 消去equilibrium 平衡ester 酯ethanoic anhydride 酐ethanol (=CH3CH2OH) 乙醇ethyl- 乙基ethylamine 乙胺Ethylbenzene 乙基苯free redical 自由基free-radical substitution 自由基取代functional group 官能团gas-liquid chromatography 气液色谱法general formulageodesic domes 地圆学说geometric (or cis-trans) isomer 几何异构体(顺式-反式)grooved cork 具孔塞ground glass cone-and-socket joint 磨口玻璃锥管接合处ground glass socket 磨口玻璃管halogenoalkane 卤代烃heptane 庚烷heterolytic fission 异裂(共价键断裂产生两个相反电荷的离子)high-performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱法homologous series 同系物homolytic fission 均裂(共价键断裂产生两个自由基)hydrolysis 水解hydroxy-(=-OH)羟基hyphen 连字符immiscible liquid 不溶混液体impurity 杂质intermolecular hydrogen bond 分子间氢键Isomerism 同分异构现象ketone 酮kinetic energy 动能Kjeldahl 克耶达liquid circulates 液体循环melting point tube containing sample 装有样品的熔点测定管methanol (=CH3OH) 甲醇methoxymethane 甲氧基甲烷methyl(-CH3)甲基Methylpropane 甲基丙烷molecular formulanomenclature 系统命名法nonane 壬烷nucleophile 亲核试剂nucleophilic addition 亲核加成nucleophilic substitution 亲核取代organic chemistry 有机化学paper chromatography 纸层析法paraffin oil 石蜡油pentan-3-one 3-戊酮pentane 戊烷phenyl ring(-C6H5) 苯基phenylalanine 苯基丙氨酸phosphoric acid 磷酸preliminary calculation 预算propan-1-ol (=CH3CH2CH2OH) 1-丙醇propan-2-ol 2-丙醇propanal 丙醛propane 丙烷propylamine 丙胺pumice 浮石reaction mechanism 反应机制reaction pathway 反应途径recrystallisation 重结晶redistilling 重蒸馏Reflux 回流rubber ring 橡胶圈rubber seal 橡胶塞separating funnel 分液漏斗side-chain 侧链skeletal formula 骨架skeletonspectroscopic technique 光谱技术stereoisomerism 立体异构体stoppered flask 已塞紧的烧瓶stright-chain 直链structural formulastructural isomer 同分异构体(化合物具有相同的分子式,但具有不同结构)substitution 取代synthesis 合成the maximum mass of product 最大产量the neck of the reaction flask 烧瓶瓶颈thermometer 温度计thermostatically controlled heating mantle 恒温控制加热炉Thiele tube 蒂埃尔均热管thin-layer chromatography 薄层层析法three-dimensional formulaultraviolet (UV) 紫外线vacuum filtration 真空抽滤,真空过滤vinegar 醋visible spectroscopy 可见光voltage 电压water bath 水浴wavelength 波长Chapter 82,2,4-trimethyolpentane 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷2-methylpentane 戊烷adhesive 粘合剂alkane 烃alternatives to fossil fuels 化石燃料的代替品anaerobic decay 厌氧分解bimetallic catalyst 双金属催化剂biofuels 生物燃料bitumen 沥青burn off 燃尽carbon coke 焦炭carcinogenic aldehyde methanal 致癌的醛甲烷化catalytic cracking 催化裂化(由重质组分催化裂解为轻质组分)cellulose 纤维素chemical cell 化学电池CO2 emissions CO2 的排放coal 煤condensation 冷凝corrode 腐蚀cracking 裂化crude oil 原油cycloalkane 环烃cylinder 汽缸,圆筒diesel 柴油drastic action 剧烈反应efficient combustion 有效燃烧feedstock 给料ferment 发酵fission 裂变flow rate 流速Fluid 流体fluidised bed 流化床fossil 化石fraction 分馏物fractional distillation 分馏fractional distillation column 分馏塔fusion (核)聚变gasoline 汽油generate electricity 发电geothermal: hot rocks 地热:热岩greenhouse effect 温室效应hydrocarbons: fuels 碳氢化合物:燃料hydroelectricity 水电,水力发电inhalation 吸入isomerisation 异构化kerosene 煤油lead-acid battery 铅酸蓄电池lubricating oil 润滑油megawatt 兆瓦,即106瓦naphtha 粗汽油natural gas 天然气non-renewable resource 不可再生资源nuclear fuels 核燃料oil refinery 炼油厂oscillating motion 振动overflow pipe 溢流管oxidation product 氧化产物oxidiser 氧化剂petrol 汽油photovoltaic cell 阻挡层光电池plant 植物rapeseed 油菜籽raw material 原料recycle 重复利用reforming 重整regeneration chamber 燃烧室residue 废料,残渣seething mixture 沸腾的混合物separate into layers 分层sieve 滤网solar panels 太阳能(电池)板spherical tank 球形罐spillage 溢出steady state 稳态sunflower oil 葵花油sunlight: solar heating and photovoltaics 阳光:太阳热和太阳电池tarmac 停机坪thermal energy 热能transfer of energy to the surroundings 把能量转移到四周tray (分馏塔的)板turbine 涡轮waste products 废品weir 坝,堰zeolite 沸石Chapter 92,2-dimethylpropane 2,2-二甲基丙烷CH3· (methyl) free radical 甲基自由基chain reaction 链锁反应combustion in air 在空气中燃烧complete combustion in an excess of air 在过量空气中完全燃烧concentrated sulphuric acid 浓硫酸dodecane 十二烷hydrocarbons: alknes 碳氢化合物:烃in poorly ventilated rooms 在通风不足的房间initiation step 初级过程mechanism 机理overlap 重叠photochemical reaction 光化学反应(原子、分子、自由基或离子由吸收一个具有一定频率的光子而成为激发态所引起的反应)photodissociation 光解作用(分子通过吸收一个光子的电磁能分裂出一个或多个原子)propagation step 增殖过程saturated hydrocarbon 饱和烃termination step 终止过程tetrachloromethane 四氯甲烷undecane 十一烷unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃waxy solid 蜡状固体Chapter 102-methylbuta-1,3-diene 2-甲基-1,3-二丙稀addition polymerisation 加聚反应(由大量小分子(单体)相继加成为大分子量化合物或聚合物)antifreeze 防冻剂bark 树皮cis-trans isomerism 顺-反式同分异构现象decolourise 褪色dibromo- 二溴diene 二烯electron-richelectrophilic addition 亲电加成ethane-1,2-diol 乙烷-乙二醇gas scrubber 气体洗涤器gutta-percha 杜仲胶,古塔胶hard margarine 硬植物油horny 角状的,粗硬的hydrocarbons: alkenes 碳氢化合物:烯烃industrial methylated spirits 工业甲基化酒精inelastic 无弹力的isoprene 异戊(间)二烯latex 橡浆,树乳monomer 单体(见chapter 3 building-block)multiple bond 重键(不饱和化合物中双键和三键的总称)natural rubber 天然橡胶nickel catalyst 镍催化剂non-biodegradable 不可生物降解optic nerve 视觉神经percha treepollutant 污染物poly(chloroethene) 聚氯乙烯poly(phenylethene) 聚苯乙烯polymerisation 聚合反应polyunsaturated 多个不饱和的propene is bubbled through a solution ofbromine 把丙稀通入溴水中repeat unit 重复单元retinal 视网膜steam 蒸汽styrene 苯乙烯systematic name 系统命名traditionally vinyl chloride 氯乙烯triethyl- 三乙基Ziegler-Natta catalyst 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂(由两种金属化合物反应而成,用于烯烃、双烯烃等聚合,生成聚乙烯、聚丙烯)planar molecule 平面分子Chapter 11acidified aqueous potassium dichromate 酸化二氯溶液acyl chloride (acylation) 酰基氯,氯化某酰(酰化作用)adulteration 搀杂alkoxide ion(=RO-)烷氧离子anaerobic process 厌氧过程ceramic wool soaked in ethanol 陶瓷羊毛colvescorresponding alcohol 相应的醇dehydration 脱水deterrent 灭菌剂enzyme 酶ethanoate 醋酸盐ethoxide ion 乙氧基离子fermentation 发酵foul taste 恶臭fruity odour 水果香味gentle heating 微热glucose 葡萄糖infrared spectrum 红外光谱(分子只能吸收与其振动、转动频率相一致的红外线而形成特征光谱)litmus paper 石蕊试纸(检查酸碱性用)metabolism 新陈代谢miscibility with water 与水的互溶性phenolphthanlein incicator 酚酞指示剂pore 孔porous ceramic surface 多孔的陶瓷表面primary alcohol 伯醇reverse reaction 逆发应secondary alcohol 仲醇simplified equation 简化方程式tertiary alcohol 叔醇wavenumber 波数yeast 酵母菌Chapter 12aerosol propellant 气溶胶火箭燃料anti-inflammatory medicine 消炎药aqueous ethanolic silver nitrate 乙醇硝酸银溶液blowing agent 发泡剂bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF) 溴氯二氟甲烷(灭火剂)circuit board 电路板combustible materiall 可燃物degreasing agent 除油剂electrical insulation 电绝缘材料halogenoalkanes 卤代烃ibuprofen 布洛芬,异丁苯丙酸(解热镇痛药)ozone ‘hole’ 臭氧层空洞primary halogenoalkane 伯卤代烃rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎second halogenoalkane 仲卤代烃silver halide precipitate 卤化银沉淀stratosphere 平流层tertiary halogenoalkane 叔卤代烃the classification of halogenoalkanes 卤代烃的分类Part 3Chapter 13beaker 烧杯bond breaking 断键bond making 成键Chapter 13 enthalpy change 焓变clamp 夹copper spiral 铜圈endothermic reaction 吸热反应(体系从环境吸收热能,化学反应的焓变为正值)energy transfer 能量转移enthalpy changes by different routes 不同途径的焓变enthalpy cycleexothermic reaction 放热反应(体系放热给环境,化学反应的焓变为负值)first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律(本质是能量守恒定律)flame calorimeter 火焰量热计graph extrapolated backwards to starting time反推到开始时间的曲线图Haber process 哈伯合成氨法heat capacity 热容(当一系统由于加给一微小的热量δQ而温度升高δT时,Δq/δT这个量即是热容)heating-insulated vessel 隔热容器Hess’ law 赫斯定律(一个化学反应的热销应决定于其始终态,与中间过程无关)joule 焦耳〔能量和功的单位〕law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律(在任一封闭系统中总能量保持不变)metal calorimeter 金属量热计negative value(-) 负值pascal 帕斯卡(压强单位)perpetual motion 永恒运动polystyrene cup 聚苯乙烯杯positive value(+) 正值reaction pathway 反应途径release large quantities energy 释放大量能量screw 螺旋桨shield 护板specific heat capacity of water 水的比热容spectator ionstandard enthalpy change of combustion 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of formation 标准摩尔生成焓standard enthalpy change of reaction 标准反应焓变(标准状态下反应的焓变)standard enthalpy changes: standard conditions标准焓变:标准状态stirrer 搅拌器suction pump 真空泵,抽水机vacuum flask 真空烧瓶wick 灯芯Chapter 14reaction rates 反应速率acidity 酸性,酸度adsorb 吸附aldehyde 乙醛at normal temperatures and pressures 在常温常压下basicity 碱度;碱性Bung 塞camphor 樟脑catalytic converter 催化转化器celluloid 赛璐珞(明胶)chemical analysis 化学分析chemical kinetics 化学动力学colorimeter 色度计colour intensity 色度concentration of reactants 反应物浓度constant random motion 永恒的无规则运动desorb 解吸entropy 熵(热力学状态函数,用于量度系统无序度,等于吸收之热与吸热时绝对温度之商)esterification 酯化exhaust gases 排放气体factors that affect the rate of a reaction 影响反应速率的因素gas syringe 气体注射器glass delivery tube 玻璃导管heterogeneous catalysis 多相催化(催化剂与反应物处于不同相如在固体和流体相界面间发生催化作用)homogeneous catalysis 均相催化(催化剂与反应物在同相中反应)intensity of the radiation 照射的强度inverted, water-filled burette 倒置的装满水的量管latitude 纬度low-energy collisions 低能量碰撞nitrocellulose 硝化纤维素nitroglycerine 硝化甘油oxyacetylene torch 氧乙炔火炬peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) 硝酸过氧化乙酰ppb 十亿分之一(10-10)ppm 百万分之一(10-6)pressure sensor 压力感受器rate determining step 决定反应速率的步骤removal 去除Ribenascanning probe microscopy(SPM) 扫描显微探针sealed container 密闭容器self-sustainedspectrophotometer 分光光度计(根据样品对可见光分解为单色光后的透(反)射能量与波长的函数关系,可准确分析色度或比较两种波长的发光强度)surface area 表面积temperature sensor 温感器(能对温度变化作出反应)the asymmetric shape of the curve 曲线的不对称形状the Boltzemann distribution 玻耳兹曼分布(处于热平衡的气体中具有不同能级的分子数的几率)the collision theory of reactivity 碰撞理论(化学反应速率等于反应物分子间的碰撞数乘以有效碰撞因子)Timer 计时器Chapter 15equilibra 平衡base 碱closed system 封闭系统constancy of macroscopic propertiescotton wool 脱脂棉dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡(在一定条件下德可逆反应里,正反应和逆反应德速率相等,反应混合物中各组成成分德含量保持不变)fertility 肥(沃)度forwards direction 正方向irreversible one-way reaction 不可逆单向反应keep the pressure constant 保持恒压Le Chatelier’s principle 勒沙特列原理(如果改变影响平衡的一个条件如浓度、压强或温度等,平衡就向能够减弱这种改变的方向移动)macroscopic properties nail varnish remover 洗甲油Ostwald process 奥斯特瓦尔德法(制硝酸,采用高温铂网催化剂,将氨氧化为氧化氮,经水吸收成硝酸)porous iron 多孔的铁reaction vessel 反应容器reverse direction 反方向reversible reaction 可逆反应strong acid 强酸the equilibrium shifts to minimize this increase平衡就向能够减弱这种改变的方向移动weak acid 弱酸氨ammonia氨基酸aminoacid铵盐ammonium salt饱和链烃saturated aliphatichydrocarbon苯benzene变性denaturation不饱和烃unsaturatedhydrocarbon超导材料superconductivematerial臭氧ozone醇alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠sodium acetate蛋白质protein氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠sodium iodide电化学腐蚀electrochemicalcorrosion电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云electron cloud淀粉starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassiumiodide paper二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide。
Applied Chemistry (1000 specialized English Words)Aaberration n. 偏差ablation n. 脱落,消融abscissa n. 横坐标*absorbance n. 吸收率absorption n. 吸收absorption coefficient n.吸收系数*abstract vt. 提取accommodation n.容纳性*accuracy n. 精度*acetamide n. 乙酰胺acetic acid n.醋酸acetophanone n. 乙酰苯,苯乙酮*acetylene n.乙炔acetyl-salicylic acid n. 乙酰水杨酸achiral a.非手性的actinium n.锕actinide n. 锕系元素*activation n.活化*addition n. 加成反应adiabat n. 绝热线adipic acid n. 己二酸aerobe n. 需氧微生物*affinity n. 亲和力alchemy n. 炼金术*alcohol n. 醇*aldehyde n. 醛, 乙醛algebra n. 代数学*aliphatic a. 脂肪族*alkali n. 碱*alkane n. 烷烃*alkene n. 稀烃*alkoxy n. 烷氧基alkyl n. 烷基alkylation n. 烷基化反应alkylbenzene烷基苯alkyne 炔烃allowance n. 允许(量),许可(量)alphabetical a. 以字母顺序的*aluminum n. 铝aluminosilicate n. 铝硅酸盐amalgam n. 汞齐ambient a. 周围的americium n. 镅amide n. 酰胺,氨基化合物aminoethane n. 乙胺*ammonia n. 氨水*ammonium n. 胺amphiphile n. 两亲物,亲水脂分子amplitude n.广大,充足,振幅amylase n. 淀粉酶anaerobe n. 厌氧微生物analogue n. 类似物angstrom n. 埃anharmonicity n. 非协性anhydride n. 酐*aniline n. 苯胺*anion n. 阴离子anti- 对位交叉,反式antiknock n; a. 防爆(的),抗爆(的)antimony n. 锑antiperspirant n. 抗汗剂apatite n. 磷石灰*apparatus n. 设备appreciable a. 明显的,可察觉的aqueous a. 水的aquchlorochromium n. 水合氯化铬*aromatic a. 芳香烃的argon n. 氩arrangement n.排列方式arsenic n. 砷, a. 含砷的*aryl n. 芳基assimilate vt. 吸收, vi. 被吸收,同化assumption n. 假定,推测astatine n. 砹asymmetric a. 非对称的,不匀称的,不均匀的atomism n. 原子学说axially ad. 轴对称地*azeotrope n.共沸物Bbacteriological a.细菌学的barium n. 钡batch n. 一批,大量batchwise a.成批的*benzene n.苯benzoyl n.苯甲酰berkelium n. 锫bicarbonate n.重碳酸盐bilayer n. 双分子层binary a. 二元的biodiversity n.生物合成法bioenergy n.生物能biogas n.生物气体biomass n.生物量biosphere n.生存范围,生物圈biosythetic a.生物合成的biphenyl n.联苯bismuth n. 铋bleach vt. 漂白,vi.变白blemish vt. 有损…的完美,玷污n.污点,瑕疵bride n. 硼化物*bond v; n. 键(合)bonding n. 键合*boron n.硼botanist n.植物学家bounce n.; v. 反射,发射brine n.盐水bronze n.青铜,青铜色,青铜制品bromine n. 溴brewage n.(酒)酿造,饮料调制butadiene n. 丁二烯butane n.丁烷butene n.丁烯byproduct n.副产物Ccadmium n.镉caesium .n. 铯calandria n. 加热体,加热器calcium n.钙calibrate vt 校准,使标准化caloric n.热(量),热质 a.热(量)的,卡的*capillary n. 毛细管*carbanion n. 碳阴离子carbon tetrachloride n. 四氯化碳*carbonate n.碳酸盐vt. 使变成碳酸盐,使充满二氧化碳*carbonium n. 碳正离子carbonyl n.碳酰基,羰基carboxylate n.羰化物*carboxylic a.羧酸的*carcinogen n.致癌的cascade n.阶式蒸发器catabolism n.分解代谢,降解代谢category n.种类*catalysis n.催化(作用)catalyst n. 催化剂,刺激(或促进)因素catalyze vt.催化catalytic reforming 催化重整*cation n.阳离子caustic a.碱性的caustic potash 苛性钾(KOH)caustic soda 苛性钠(NaOH)*ceramic a.陶瓷的,陶器的,n.陶瓷制品cerium n. 铈cesium n.铯centripetal a. 向心力的chain-initiating 链增长*chelate n.螯合物*chiral a.手性的*chloride n.氯化物*chlorine n.氯chloroacetophenone n.氯苯乙酮chloroform n.氯仿cholesterol n.胆固醇chlorofluoro carbon n. 氯氟烃*chromatography n.色谱法chromium n.铬chromophore n.发色团chronic a. 长期的,慢性的,惯常的,经常的circulating pump 往复泵citric acid n. 柠檬酸clarification n.澄清,净化cleave v.劈开,分裂clinch n.解决,确定v.证明…是对的cobalt n.钴coexistence n.共存,共处*coefficient n. 系数collision n. 碰撞,冲突combust v.燃烧compensate vt.补偿,赔偿complementary a.补充的*complex n. 络合物component n. 组分*concentration n. 浓度conceptualize vt.使概念化*condensation n.冷凝configuration n.轮廓,构成*conformation n. 构象congruent a.和谐的,一致的,全等的consistency n.稠度,一贯,坚固*constituent a.形成的,组成的,n.成分,要素contaminant n.沾染物contemplate v.注视,沉思contemporary a.当代的,同龄的,同时代的contour n.轮廓,外形vt. 画轮廓controversy n.争论,辩论conversely ad. 相反地converter n. 转化器*coordinate n.配位,配价,坐标coplanarity n.共面*copper n. 铜coprecipitate vt.共沉淀coprous a. 亚铜的*corrosion n.腐蚀*cosmetic n.化妆品,a.化妆用的counter ion n.反离子coupling n.联结,结合,偶和*covalent a.共有原子价的,共价的*criteria n.标准cross-reference n. 前后参照,交叉引用crucial a. 至关重要的cryogenic a.低温学的,低温实验法的*crystallinity n.结晶性的,水晶的*cube n.立方体,立方形,立方,三次幂curium n. 锯curvature n. 曲率customary a.习惯的,惯例的cuticle n. 表皮,透明薄膜*cyanide n.氰化物cyano n.氰,氰基cylinder n.圆柱体*cycloalkane n. 环烷烃cytochrome n.细胞色素dative bond 配(价)键*deactivate vt.使不活动decentralize v.使分散,划分decipher v.解开(疑团),破译(密码)decouple n.v.分开,去偶合装置deduce vt.推论,推断deficiency n.缺乏,缺陷*deflect v.歪斜,使偏向*degradation n.降低*delocalization n.离位demolish vt. 拆除,毁坏denote v.指示,表示,意味着depletion n.削减,消耗*deposit vt.(使)沉淀,安置*derivative a.派生的*desolvation n. 去溶剂化作用*desorption n.解吸作用destructive a.破坏(的),危害的*detector n. 检测器*detectable a.能发觉的,detergent a.使干净的*deuterium n. 重氢diagnose v.诊断(疾病),分析diatomic a. 二原子的,二价的,dicarboxylic a.二元羧酸的*dichroism n.二色性,分光特性,两色现象didactic a.教诲的,说教的*diene n.二烯(烃)*diesel n. 柴油机,内燃机*displacement n. 换置,移位,移动,取代*diffraction vt.衍射*diffuse a.散开的,弥散的,v.扩散,散播digestibility n.可消化性,消化率dilemma n.窘境,进退两难*dilute n.a.冲淡(的),稀释*diol n.二醇,二酚*dipole n.双极,偶极discipline n.学科*discriminate v.区别,辨别,有差别地对待disinfection n.消毒*dioxide n.二氧化物disrupt vt.(使)破裂,使中断*dissociate vt.使分离,将…分开*dissociation energy 离解能distaste n.讨厌,嫌恶*distill vt.用蒸馏法提取,蒸馏distillate n.馏出物,馏出液distortion n.扭曲,变形,失真*distribution coefficient 分配系数disubstitute a.二取代的disulfate n.硫酸氢盐,焦硫酸盐divergence n. 分歧dodecahedron n.十二面体donor n.施主downfield n.低磁场*driving force 推动力droplet n. 小滴dynamite n. 炸药dysprosium n. 镝E.*ecological a. 生态学的ecosystem n. 生态系统*effluence n 射出物,流出物effluent a 流出的einsteinium n. 锿*electrode n.电极*electric potential moment 电子偶极矩*electric potential 电势*electrolyse vt. 电解*electromagnetic a. 电磁的,由电磁石产生的*electron acceptor 电子接受体*electron donor 电子给予体electron-capture detector 电子捕获检测器*electronegativity n.电负性*electropositive a.电正性的electronelectrode n. 阴电极electron-withdrawing a. 推电子的*electrophilic a. 亲电的*electroplate vt. 电镀n. 电镀物品,电铸版*electrospray n. 电子喷射elevation n. 升高*elimination n. 除去,剔除,淘汰ellipticity n. 椭圆率elucidation n. 阐明,解释*eluent n. 洗脱液elusive a. 难捉摸的,巧妙地逃避的emanate vi. (气体)发出,(光等)发散,放射embed v. 嵌于emission n. 散发,发射,发射物emitter n. 发射器empirically ad. 经验主义地*emulsifier n. 乳化剂,乳化器*enantiomer n. 对映体*endogenous a. 内存的*endothermic a. 吸热的energetic a. 有精力的,精力旺盛的enhance vt. 提高,增加*enrich vt. 使浓缩,加浓,富集*enthalpy n. 焓,热函entropy n. 熵enzymatic a. 酶的epidemics a. 流行的,n.病equation n. 等式,方程式,相等,均衡equilibrate vt. (使)平衡,(使)均衡equimolar a. 当量克分子的,克分子数相等的ester n. 酯esterification n. 酯化ethane n. 乙烷1,2-ethanediol n. 1,2-乙二醇ethanolamine n. 乙醇胺*ethanoyl n. 乙酰基ethoxyethane n. 乙氧基乙烷,乙醚ethyl 乙基*ethylamine 乙胺ethylene 乙稀ethylenediamine 乙二胺ethyne 乙炔europium n.铕evacuate v. 清除,搬空exactitude n. 精确,正确,精密*exclusively ad. 排外地,专有地excreting n. 排泄,分泌exergonic a. 释出能量的exponent n. 幂,指数expound vt. 阐述,说明exquisite a. 精美的,灵敏的*extraction n. 萃取,提取,摘要*extrapolate n. 推断,外推extravagance n. 浪费,铺张Ffabric n. 编织物facet n. 小平面*facilitate v. 使容易,使便利,推进far-fetched牵强的,勉强的*feasibility n. 可行性featureless a. 无特色的,平凡的*ferment n. 酶,酵酶,*ferric a. 铁的ferrous a. 亚铁的fictitious a. 虚构的,假造的filament n. 丝状体,单纤维filamentous a. 细丝的,单纤维的,细丝状的*fixed-bed 固定床flammabilit n. . 可燃性flash distillation 闪蒸flexibility n. 柔韧性,弹性,折射性,灵活性flip v. 轻击,掷,弹,抽打,迅速翻动*flocculate n. 絮凝物‘*fluorescence n. 萤光,发荧光,荧光性*fluorine n. 氟*fluorocarbon n. 氟碳化合物fluoromethane n. 氟代甲烷fluorspar n. 萤石,氟石flux n. 不断变化的,变迁,流,涨潮,流量focus on 聚焦于,集中(注意力)于forepump n. 前置泵,预抽泵*formaldeehyde n. 甲醛*formic a. 蚁的,蚁酸的*formula n. 公式,程式,处方fossil n. 化石,旧事物;成化石的,陈旧的foul a. 恶臭的,邪恶的;弄脏;犯规fraction n. 小部分,片段,馏分,级分*fractionating column 分馏柱*fragmentation n. 分裂,崩溃,爆破francium n. 钫froth n. 泡沫,起泡,v. 使(啤酒)起泡fructose n.果糖,左旋糖frustrate v.击败,阻拦fungi n.(的形式)真菌fullerence n. C60furniture n.家具,设备,装置fuzzy a. 模糊的,失真的Ggalactose n. 半乳糖gallium n. 镓garnet n. 石榴石*gasifier n. 汽化器,煤气发生器gastric a. 胃的*gene n. 基因,遗传因子germanium n. 锗glucose n.葡萄糖glycerine n 甘油glucerol n. 丙三醇,甘油gold n. 金*graphite n. 石墨grease n.动物脂grid n.格栅,栅极gauche a.偏转gyromagnetic ratio 回转磁比率H.hafnium n. 铪*halide n. 卤化物*halogen n. 卤素*halogenation n. 卤化,卤代hamper vt. 防碍haphazard a. 偶然的,随便的*helium n. 氦heptane n. 庚烷heredity n. 遗传herein ad. 在此处,如此*heterocyclic a. 杂环的,不同环式的*heterogeneous a. 不同的,异类的hexaaqua a. 六合水的hexadiene n.已二烯hexane n.已烷hexafluoride a. 六氟化合物*hexagonal n. 六角型的holmium n. 钬*homogeneity n. 同种,同质homogenize vt.使均匀,变均匀*homologue n. 同系物horizontal a. 水平的*hormone n. 激素*hybrid n.杂种,混血儿*hydrate n. 水合物,含水物vt.水合作用*hydration n. 水合*hydride n. 氢化物*hydrigen n.氢*hydrocarbon n.烃类hydroelectric a.水力电气的hydrogen halide n. 氢卤化物*hydrolyse vt.水解hydronium ion n.水合离子*hydrophilic a.亲水的*hydrophobic a. 憎水的*hydrostatic(al) a.流体静力学的hydrostatics(pl) 流体静力学*hydrothermal a.水热的*hydroxide n.氢氧化物hydroxyl n.氢氧根,羟基*hydroxylation n.羟基化hypochlorite n.次氯酸盐hypothetcal a.假说的,臆说的I.icosahedron n.二十面体identical a.同一的n.一样,相等*ill-defined a.不清楚的,不确切定义的immaterial a.非物质的,无形的,不重要的immaterialism n.非物质论immaterize vt.使无实体,使无形immerse vt.沉浸,使浸入immiscible a.不混溶性impetus n.推动力,动力,推动impurity n.杂质,混杂物,不纯inactivate vt.钝化,使减少活性inactive a.不活动的,停止的incentive n.诱因,刺激 a.刺激的incident a.入射的,伴随而来的incipient a.开始的,起初的insertion n.插入,插入物inclement a.恶险的,严酷的incontrovertible a.无争论余地的,无疑的,明白的incorporate v.结合,合并indices n.index的复数,指数,刻度,索引indivisible a.不可分割的,不可分裂的induced enzyme 诱导酶indigestion n.消化不良inelastic a.无弹性的,无弹力的,无适应性的inert a.惰性的,不活泼的infectious disease 传染病infinitely ad.无限地,无数地infix n.插入词,中缀vt.使…插入infrared a.红外线的,红外区的n.红外线inherently ad.天生的,本质的inhibitor n.禁止剂,抑制剂,抑制因素inhomogeneity n.不同族,不同质initiating n.开始,创始,入门inlet n.进口vt.引进inoculate vt.给…做注射,给…接种inorganic a.无机的,无生物的inroad n.损害insoluble a.不溶的intact a.尚未被人碰过的,原封不动的integer n.整数,完整的东西interface n.界面,分界面,接触面interferogram n.干涉图,干涉照片interhalogen n.杂卤素intermedium n.中间体intermittent a.断续的,间歇的interrelate vt.使相互关联intimacy n.密切,熟悉intriguing a.吸引人的,有趣的intrinsic a.本质的,固有的,内在的,体内的intuitive a.直观的,直觉的invariably ad.不变的,始终如一的invoke vt.行使(法权等),实行iodic a.含碘的iodide n.碘化物iodine n.碘ion n.离子ion-association complex 离子缔合ion-exchange chromatography 离子交换色谱ionic a.离子的ionisation n.电离作用ionization n.离子化irradiate vt.使明亮,照耀irreversible a.不可逆isocratic a.无梯度的,等度的isomer n.同分异构体isomeric a.同分异构的,同质异能的isopropane n.异丙烷isopropanol n. 异丙醇isopentylamine n.异戊胺isothermally ad.等温的isotope n.同位素isotopically labeled 同位素标记的Jjargon n.行话,专业术语joule n.焦耳Kkerosene n.煤油ketone n.酮kinetics n.动力学krypton n.氪Llabile a.不安定的,不稳定的lactic acid n.乳酸lanolin n. 羊毛脂lanthanide n.镧系金属lanthanum n.镧lattice n.格子,点阵,网格,晶格lattice energy 点阵能legislation n.立法,立案ligand n.配位limestone n.石灰石lipid n.类脂(化合物)literacy n.有文化,有读写能力lithium n.锂litmus n.石蕊longitude n.经线,经度liquefaction n.液化lubricant n.润滑剂,润滑的lustrous a.有光泽的lye n.碱液vt.用碱液洗涤Mmacromolecular n.大分子magma n.岩浆magnitude n.大小,数量,巨大,广大magnesium n.镁makeup n.组成,构造,化妆品malonic n.丙二酸maltose n.麦芽糖mamganese n.锰manifestation n.显示,表现manipulation n.改造,操纵masking agent 掩蔽剂mass spectrometry 质谱mass-to-charge 质荷比matrix n.矩阵membrane n.薄膜,细胞膜membranous a.薄(状)的,形成膜的mercury n.水银,汞mesh n.筛眼,每平方米英寸的网孔(筛眼)数mesophase n.中间相meta-间位-metabolic a.变化的,变形的,新陈代谢metabolism n.代谢作用,新陈代谢metabolite n.代谢物metallurgy n.冶金学metastable a.亚稳的methanol n.甲醇microbe n.细菌,微生物microbiological a.微生物学的microenvironment n.小环境micron n.微米microporous a.多孔的microsecond n.微秒mightily ad.强烈的,非常的milligram n.毫克mingle v.使混合,混合起来minimize v.使减少到最小,降到最低misbrand vt贴错(药品,食品)标记,贴假标签于miscibility n.混溶性modulation n.调整molal a.摩尔的molasses n.糖蜜,糖浆molecular a.分子的,摩尔的molten a.熔融的,融化的molybdenum n. 鉬momentum n.运动量,要素,冲力,衡量monatomic a.单原子的monochromatic a.单色的,单色光的,全色盲的monochrome n.单色器,单色仪monograph n.专题论文monomer n.单体monoxide n.一氧化物mucleosid n.核苷mucletide n.核苷酸multidecker n.多层(板)multifarious a.多种的,各式各样的multitude n.众多,大量,大群,大众multivalued a.多值的mutagen n.诱变mutate v.变化,产生变化mutually ad.互相地,nanoampere n.10-9安培nanometer n.纳米,nmnaphthene n.脂环烃nebulization n.喷雾(作用)nematic a.向列相(的),丝状的neon n.氖neopentane n.新戊烷neutralization n.中和neutron n.中子nitrate n.硝酸盐nitric oxide n.氮氧化物nitrite n.亚硝酸盐nitroglycerine n.硝化甘油noble gas n.稀有气体nomenclature n.术语,命名系统nominally ad.名义上地nonaqueous a.非水的nonbonding a.非粘和的nondestructive a.非破坏性的nonmagnetic a.非磁性的n.非磁性物nonprescription n.非处方nonvolatile a.非挥发性的nucleate v.成核 a.有核的nucleophile a.亲核的numerical a.数字的,用数字表示的,数值的nutrient a.营养的,滋养的nylon n. 尼龙Ooctadecyl n.十八(烷)基octahedral a.八面体的octene n.辛烯octet n.八重态,八重峰octyl n.辛基off-the-shelf a.非定制的olefin n.链烯ongoing n.程序,处置,前进opaque a.不透明的,不透光的optically ad.眼睛地,视力地optimization n.最优化,最佳化orbital a.轨道的orientation n.定位,方向orifice n.小开口,小孔originate v.起源,发生,首创ortho- 邻,正,原,直oscillation n.振动,动摇,变动osmium n. 鋨outermost a.最外面的,最远的overhead n.塔顶流出物 a.高出地面的,架空的overlap v.重叠,与…交叠overtone n.倍频oxalic a.草酸的oxidation n.氧化作用oxidation number n.氧化数oxide n.氧化物oxoacid n.酮酸oxoanion n.含氧阴离子oxonium n.氧鎓oxyanion n.氧离子ozone n.臭氧,新鲜空气Ppalladium n.钯para- 对位paradox n.反论paraffin n.石蜡烃parameter n.参(变)数,参(变)量,因素,特征paratope n.抗体结合部位parentacid n.母体酸partition n.瓜分,隔开penetration n.穿入,渗透,洞察力pentachloide n.五氯化物pentane n.戊烷pentoxide n.五氧化物perchlorate n.高氯酸盐perforate v.穿孔,渗透,有孔的,穿孔的periodic a.周期的,定期的高氯酸盐permeable a.可渗透的peroxidation n.过氧化反应peroxide n.过氧化物peroxo- [词头]过氧化pertain n.附属,关于,相配pesticide n.杀虫剂pharmaceutical a.药学的pharmacy n.药房,药学,配药,制药phenol n.酚phenyl n.苯基phosphorus n.磷,磷光体,发光物质photon n.光子potosynthesis n.光合作用planar a.平面的,平坦的,二维的platinum n.铂pneumatic a.风动的,空气的polar a.极性的,两个相反方向的pollutant n.污染物,污染源polycrystalline a.多晶的polyene a.多烯的potassium n.钾pilyfuctional a.多功能的polygon n.平面多边形polyhalogen n.多卤素polyhedra [polyhedron的复数]形式n.多面体polymer n.聚合物polymer nylon 尼龙polymeric a.聚合的polymerization n.聚合作用polyvinyl a.乙烯聚合物的pore n.气孔,毛孔,细孔postulate n.假定,基本条件v.假设potassium n.钾potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾potent a.强有力的p-phenylenediamine n.亚苯基precipitator n.沉淀器,除尘器precipitate n.沉淀predilection n.偏爱predominantly ad.占优势的preferential a.优先的premature a.早熟的,不成熟的prerequisite n.先决条件preservative a.有保护力的,防腐的n.防腐剂,防腐料primary a.最初的,伯-probabilistic a.概率统计的,椭圆的probe n.探针,探测品v.探查,穿刺prominent a.突起的,著名的,突出的promote vt.促进,发扬,提升,发起propanal n.丙醛propanol n. 丙醇propene n.丙稀proportional a.比例的,相称的propyne n.丙炔proton n.质子protonation n.质子化,质子化作用provision v.供以物质n.准备,供应pseudothermodynamic a.假(热)力学purge n.v.清除,吹洗,净化pyridine n.吡啶quadrupole n.a.四极(的)qualitative a.定性的quality parameter 质量参数quantitative a.数量的,定量的quantum n.量子quintessence n.典型Rradius n.半径racemic a.消旋地radialization n.辐射,放射radial a.径向的,半径的,光线的,射线的radioactive a.放射性的,有辐射的radium n.镭radon n.氡random a.随机的,随意的,随机,随意reactant n.反应物reactor n.反应器reagent n.反应试剂rearrange vt.vi重新安排reboiler n. 再沸器recipe n. 配方,食谱,方法rectification n. 精馏,纠正refabrication n. 重组,重新安排reflux n. 回流,逆流,退潮refractive a. 折射的,有折射力的,屈折的regenerability n. 再生能力reoxidation n. 再氧化repulsive a. 排斥的residual a. 残余的,剩余的resonance n. 回响,共鸣resolution n. 分辨率resonance n.共振response n.响应respiration n. 呼吸作用,生物的氧化作用retention n. 保留,保持,保持力retort n. 曲颈瓶,蒸馏器(蒸馏器中加热)提纯reversibility n. 可反转性,可逆性rhodium n.铑rigorous a. 严厉的,严格的rotation n. 转动roundabout a. 迂回的,不直接的的rubble n. 碎石rubidium n. 铷rudimentary a. 根本的,初期的,发育不健全的ruthenium n.钌Ssaline a. 盐的,盐湖samarium n.钐sanitation(环境)n. 卫生,卫生设备saponification n. 皂化scandium n.钪schematically ad. 图解地,扼要地sebum n. 皮脂,脂肪segregate vt. 分凝,分异selectivity n. 选择性selenium n. 硒semipermeable a. 半透性的sensitivity n. 敏感性,灵敏性separation coefficient 分离系数sequester v. 隔绝sewage n. 污水,污物,污水处理sieve-plate column 筛板柱silanol n. 硅醇,硅烷醇silica n. 氧化硅,硅土silicon n. 硅silver n.银spoilage n. 食品等)腐败,损坏,损坏的东西spontaneity n. 自然,自发,自发性spontaneously ad. 自发地spray n. 喷雾,飞沫,v. 喷,喷射sprinkle v. 洒,喷淋stationary a. 不动的,静止的,固定的,停留的stepwise a. 逐步的steric a. 空间的,位的sterilization n. 灭菌,削菌still n. 蒸馏室,蒸馏器,蒸馏stoichiometric a. 化学计量的strontium n.锶substantial a. 物质的,坚固的,大量的substituent n. 取代,替代,交换substitution n. 代理,交换,替换subtract v. 减去,减掉,扣除succcinc n. 琥珀,丁二酸的,琥珀酸的sucrose 蔗糖+suffice v. 足够,是满足,满足需要suffix n. 后缀sulfate n. 硫酸盐用硫酸处理sulfite n. 亚硫酸盐sulfur n. 硫磺,v. 用硫磺处理sulfuric a. 硫磺的,含多量硫磺的sulphinate vt.磺化n. 磺酸盐summarization n. 概括,概述,综述superconductibity n. 超导性supersaturation n. 过饱和(现象)supersaturation zone 过饱和区surfactant n. 表面活性剂sustainable a.足可支撑的,可忍受的swirl vt. 旋动,使打旋,旋涡symmetrically ad. 对称性地,对称地,平衡地synchronize vi. 同步发生,同步vt. 使时间上发生一致,使同步synchrotron n. 同步加速器synthesize v. 合成syringe n. 注射器,洗涤器,vt. 注射,洗涤Ttable salt (餐桌上的)食盐tantalum n.钽taxology n. 分类学tellurium n. 碲‘template n. (切金属、石、木等用的)样板,模板tensile a. 张力的,抗张的,拉力的terminology n. 术语thallium n.铊theorem n. 定理,原则thermal a. 热量的温度的,热的thermal conductivity 热导性thermochemistry n. 热化学thermodynamics n. 热力学thionyl n. 亚硫酰thiophenol n. 硫酚three-dimensional structure 三维结构thulium n.铥tin n.锡titanium n.钛titrant n. 滴定管titration n. 滴定方法toluidine n. 甲苯胺torr n. 托(压力单位)toxic a. 有毒的toxicant n.有毒物toxicological a. 毒理学的transmutation n. 变化,变形,变质transverse a. 横向的,横切的treatise n. 论文,论述trial-and-error 反复试验法tricarboxylic a. 三羧酸的trichloroethylene n. 三氯乙烯triene n. 三烯tube-and-shell heat exchanger 管壳式热交换器tubular reactor 管式反应器turbid a. 浑浊的,不清的typify vt. 代表,象征,为…典型Uultraviolet a. 紫外的unambiguous a. 不含糊的,明确的unconjugate a. 未共轭的underlie vt. 位于…之下unimolecular a. 单分子的univalent a. 一价的upfield n. 高磁场uranyl n. 铀基,铀酸基,铀氧基urea n. 尿素Vvalence n.(化合)价,原子价valve n. 阀,真空管,电子管vanadium n. 钒vaporize vt.(使)蒸发,(使)汽化vent v. 发泄(情绪),开孔n. 孔,口ventilation n. 通风,公开讨论,通风设备versatile a. 通用的,多才多艺的,反复无常的vertices n. 顶点,头顶,顶vibration n. 振动,摆动,颤动vibronic a. 电子振动的vicinity n. 附近,接近,邻近,邻近地区vinyl n. 乙烯基化学专业英语考试词汇表. vinyl chloride n. 氯乙烯viscosity n. 粘度viscosity index n. 黏度系数vitalism n. 活力论,生机说volatile a. 反复无常的,挥发性的volatility n. 挥发度volumetric a. 测容量的,的容量Wwater fitting n. 水管wavelength n. 波长wavelet n. 子波wavenumber n. 波数well-defined a. 定义明确的,清晰的Xxenon n.氙Yyeast n. 酵母,酵母片vi. 发酵,起泡沫yttrium n. 钇Zzeolite n. 沸石zinc n.鋅zirconia n. 氧化锆zirconium n. 锆11 / 11。
氨ammonia氨基酸amino acid铵盐ammonium salt饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯benzene变性denaturation不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料superconductive material臭氧ozone醇alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠sodium acetate蛋白质protein氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠sodium iodide电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云electron cloud淀粉starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅silicon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide二氧化锰manganese dioxide芳香烃arene放热反应exothermic reaction非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond肥皂soap分馏fractional distillation酚phenol复合材料composite干电池dry cell干馏dry distillation甘油glycerol高分子化合物polymer共价键covalent bond官能团functional group光化学烟雾photochemical fog过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide合成材料synthetic material合成纤维synthetic fiber合成橡胶synthetic rubber核电荷数nuclear charge number核素nuclide化学电源chemical power source化学反应速率chemical reaction rate化学键chemical bond化学平衡chemical equilibrium还原剂reducing agent磺化反应sulfonation reaction霍尔槽 Hull Cell极性分子polar molecule极性键polar bond加成反应addition reaction加聚反应addition polymerization甲烷methane碱金属alkali metal碱石灰soda lime结构式structural formula聚合反应po1ymerization可逆反应reversible reaction空气污染指数air pollution index勒夏特列原理Le Chatelier's principle离子反应ionic reaction离子方程式ionic equation离子键ionic bond锂电池lithium cell两性氢氧化物amphoteric hydroxide两性氧化物amphoteric oxide裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis硫氰化钾potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠sodium sulphide氯化铵ammonium chloride氯化钡barium chloride氯化钾potassium chloride氯化铝aluminium chloride氯化镁magnesium chloride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化铁iron (III) chloride氯水chlorine water麦芽糖maltose煤coal酶enzyme摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass品红magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖glucose气体摩尔体积molar volume of gas铅蓄电池lead storage battery强电解质strong electrolyte氢氟酸hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide取代反应substitution reaction醛aldehyde炔烃alkyne燃料电池fuel cell弱电解质weak electrolyte石油Petroleum水解反应hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride塑料plastic塑料的降解plastic degradation塑料的老化plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration酸雨acid rain羧酸carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴化钠sodium bromide溴水bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron (III) oxide乙醇ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯ethene银镜反应silver mirror reaction硬脂酸stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯 ester酯化反应 esterification周期period族group(主族:main group)A:吸收度,也作面积CAN:乙腈(acetonitrile)B(%B):二元流动相中的强溶剂(% v/v)C8,C18:烷基键合相的键长度(八烷基或十八烷基)CD:环糊精(cyclodextrin)CV:变异系数(通常以%表示);dC:色谱柱内径(cm)dP:颗粒直径(um)DAD:二极管阵列检测器EC:电化学(检测器)F:流速(ml/min)FL:荧光(检测器)GS:梯度斜度参数;k*=20/GSh':峰高HP:惠普公司(Hewlett-Peckard)HPLC:高效液相色谱ID:内径,dCIEC:离子交换色谱(ion-exchange chromatography)IPC:离子对色谱 (ion-paire chromatography)k:保留因子k*:梯度洗脱中,k的有效值或平均值ka,kZ:色谱图中,首峰(a)和末峰(z)的k值L:色谱柱长度(cm)LC-MS:液相色谱-质谱M:分子量MC:二氯甲烷(methylene chloride)MeOH:甲醇(methanol)MS:质谱MTBE:甲基-叔-丁醚(methyl-t-butyl ether)N:色谱柱塔板数N':噪音NARP:非水反相HPLCNPC:正相色谱P:色谱柱压力降(通常以psi表示)pKa:酸或供质子碱的酸性常数PAH:多环芳烃(polyaromatic hydrocarbon)RS:分离度RI:折光指数RPC:反相色谱S:信号;tD:延迟或滞留时间(min,用于梯度洗脱中);等于VD/FtG:梯度时间(min)tR:保留时间(min,等于tO(1+k)tRa,tRz:色谱图中首峰(a)与末峰(z)的保留时间,tR(min)tO:色谱柱死时间(min)t1,t2:相邻谱峰1与谱峰2的保留时间(min)TEA:三乙胺(triethylamine)TEA:四氢呋喃(tetrahydrofuran)UV:紫外光谱VD:延迟或滞留体积(mL);为梯度混合器与色谱柱人口之间的体积(包括混合器的体积)Vm:色谱柱死体积(mL;Vm为色谱柱内部的流动相体积,不包括附于固定相上的溶剂Vmax:最大样品体积(mLVa:样品体积(mL)w:重量(mg);也作半峰高处的峰宽(min)wmax:不超载色谱柱的最大进样量(mg)wS:色谱柱的饱和容量(mg)W:峰底宽(min)Wth:大进样量对峰底宽的贡献(min)WO:小进样量的峰底宽(min)W1/2:半峰高处的峰宽(min)a:分离因子,等于k2/k1,其中k2与k1分别为相邻谱峰2和谱峰1的k值△tR:tRz-tR(min)△%B:梯度洗脱期间,%B的变化)不常有符号C:谱峰最大值处的浓度(mol/L)CO:注入样品中溶质的浓度(mol/L)CI:化学电离(MS)DGA:N,N-二甲基-1-萘酰胺;(也作二甲基苯胺dimethylaniline)EI:电子电离(MS)ELS:蒸发光散射击(Evaporative light scattering)EtOAc:乙酸乙酯(ethyl acetate)FAB:快速原子轰击(MS)FD:场解吸附(MS)h:折合板高,等于H/dPHB:羟基苯甲酸(hydrxybenzoic acid)HFBA:七氟丁酸(hyptafluorobutyric acid)IPA:异丙醇(isopropanol)kW:以水作为流动相的k值LCEC:液相色谱电化学检测器LD:激光解吸(MS)LSIMS:液态二级离子质谱MALDI:基质辅助激光解吸电离MP:对羟苯甲酸甲酯[P-]m:流动相中离子对试剂P-的浓度(mmol/L)PAD:脉冲电流分析检测器PBP:极性键合相PD:等离子解吸(MS)PP:对羟苯甲酸丙酯PTH:乙内酰苯硫脲R+,R-:分别为阴离子与阳离子离子交换色谱柱中的荷电功能基团RF:响应因子TBA+:四丁基铵离子tBME:见MTBETMS:三甲基硅烷(trimethylsilyl;也为C1)TNB:1,3,5-三硝基苯(1,3,5-trinitrobenzene)TOF MS:时间飞行质谱TSP:热喷雾(MS)u:流动相通过色谱柱的速度(cm/s);等于L/toV:峰底宽(mL)Vc:色谱柱内峰展宽对V的贡献;也作小样品量峰底宽(mL)VR:保留体积(mL)W:峰宽(min)Wc,WS,:分别为色谱柱,进样器,连续管和流通池对W的贡献(min)Wlc,Wfc:X,X1,:无特征结构的溶质X2,X3XB:流动相中的B溶剂的摩尔分数V:折合速度,等于udp/Dmб:高斯曲线的标准偏差;等于峰底的1/4?:检测器响应时间常数(S)ф:流动相中B溶剂的体积分数;等于0.01%B。
英汉汉英化学化工词汇(汉英部分) 化学工业出版社 (合著者, 编者)
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质量技术监督行业职业技能鉴定考核培训教材——化学检验(第二版)中国计量出版社。
化学常用英语词汇1 .The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列沙特列原理27.Effects ofVolume,Pressure,TemperatureChanges andCatalysts体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35.TheProtoninWater水合质子36. The pH Scales pH 值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38.Proton-Transfer Reactions质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54.Half-Reaction半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56.Voltaic Cell伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58.StandardE lectrode Potentials标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s( p ,d ,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73.ThePeriodicTable周期表74.Row行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116.Charges,CoordinationNumbers,andGeometries电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122.E lectronConfigurations inOctahedral Complexes八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s 区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130.Peroxides andSuperoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p 区元素134.BoronGroup(Boron,Aluminium,Gallium,Indium,Thallium)硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid ,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144.OxygenGroup(Oxygen,Sulfur,Selenium,andTellurium)氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145.Ozone,HydrogenPeroxide臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d 区元素152.TransitionMetals过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154.PotassiumPermanganate高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f 区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD )189. coefficient variation 变异系数(CV )190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero leve 零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量(OC )254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shif 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转 n 297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应 t 316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱。
常用分析化学专业英语词汇absorbanee 吸光度absorbe nt 吸附剂absorpti on curve 吸收曲线absorpti on peak 吸收峰absorptivity 吸收系数aeeide nt error 偶然误差accuracy 准确度acid-base titrati on 酸碱滴定acidic effective coefficie nt 酸效应系数acidic effective curve酸效应曲线acidity con sta nt 酸度常数activity 活度activity coefficie nt 活度系数adsorpti on 吸附adsorpti on in dicator 吸附指示剂affin ity 亲和力aging 陈化amorphous precipitate 无定形沉淀amphiprotic solve nt 两性溶齐U amphoteric substa nee 两性物质amplificatio n reacti on 放大反应an alytical bala nee 分析天平an alytical chemistry 分析化学analytical concentration 分析浓度an alytical reage nt (AR) 分析试剂appare nt formati on eon sta nt 表观形成常数aqueous phase 水相arge ntimetry 乍艮量法ashing 灰化atomic spectrum 原子光谱autoprotolysis eon sta nt 质子自递常数auxochrome group 助色团back extracti on 反萃取band spectrum 带状光谱bandwidth 带宽blank空白color transition point 颜色转变bathochromic shift 红移block ing of in dicator 指示剂的圭封闭bromometry 溴量法buffer capacity 缓冲容量buffer solution 缓冲溶液burette 滴定管calc on carboxylic acid 钙指示齐Vcalibrated curve 校准曲线calibrati on 校准catalyzed reacti on 催化反应q cerimetry 铈量法charge bala nee 电荷平衡chelate 螯合物chelate extraction螯合物萃取chemical analysis化学分析chemical factor 卜化学因素chemically pure 化学纯chromatography 色谱法chromophoric group 发色团coefficient of variation 变异系数color reage nt 显色剂blank空白color transition point 颜色转变占八、、colorimeter 比色计colorimetry 比色法colu mn chromatography 柱色谱compleme ntary color 互补色complex络合物complexati on 络合反应complexometry complexometric titratio n 络合滴定法complex one 氨羧络合剂concen trati on con sta nt 浓度常数con diti onal extracti on con sta nt 条件萃取常数con diti onal formatio n coefficie nt 条件形成常数con diti onal pote ntial 条件电位con diti onal solubility product 条件溶度积con fide nee in terval 置信区间con fide nee level 置信水平conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸con sta nt weight 恒量dichloro fluoresce in二氯荧光con tam in ati on 沾污黄con ti nu ous extracti on连续萃取 dichromate titrati on重铬酸钾con ti nu ous spectrum 连续光谱法coprecipitati on 共沉淀dielectric con sta nt介电常数correcti on 校正differe ntial spectrophotometrycorrelati on coefficie nt 相关系示差光度法数differe ntiati ng effect 区分效crucible 坩埚 应crystalli ne precipitate晶形沉 dispers ion 色散淀dissociati on con sta nt离解常数cumulative con sta nt "累积常数 distillati on 蒸馏curdy precipitate 凝乳状沉淀 distribution coefficient分酉己 degree of freedom 自由度系数demasking 解蔽distributi on diagram分布图 derivative spectrum导数光谱distributi on ratio分配比desicca nt; drying age nt干燥剂double beam spectrophotometerdesiccator 保干器双光束分光光度计dibasic acid 二元酸 碱对determi nate error可测误差deuterium lamp 氘灯 deviatio n偏差dual-pa n bala nee 双盘天平 dual-wavele ngthspectrophotometry 双波长分光光 度法electronic balanee 电子天平Fajans method 法杨斯法electrophoresis 电泳ferroin 邻二氮菲亚铁离子elue nt 淋洗剂filter 漏斗end point 终点filter 滤光片end point error 终点误差filter paper 滤纟纸en riehme nt 富集filtratio n 过滤eosin 曙红fluex溶剂equilibrium concen trati on 平衡fluoresce in 荧光黄浓度flusion 熔融equimolar series method 等摩尔formati on con sta nt 形成常数系列法freque ncy 频率Erele nm eyerflask锥形瓶freque ncy den sity 频率密度eriochrome black T (EBT) 铬黑T freque ncy distributi on 频率分error 误差布ethyle nediam ine tetraacetic gas chromatography (GC) 气相色acid (EDTA) 乙二胺四乙酸谱evaporati on dish 蒸发皿grati ng 光栅excha ngecapacity交换谷量gravimetric factor 重量因素exte nt of crossli nking 交联度gravimetry 重量分析extracti on con sta nt 卒取常数guara ntee reage nt (GR) 保证试齐Uextracti on rate 萃取率high performa nee liquid extracti on spectrphotometric chromatography (HPLC) 咼效液相method萃取光度法色谱histogram 直方图homoge neous precipitati on 均相沉淀hydroge n lamp 氢灯hypochromic shift 紫移ign iti on 灼烧in dicator 指示齐Uin duced reacti on 诱导反应inert solve nt 惰性溶剂in stability con sta nt 不稳定常数in strume ntal analysis仪器分析in tri nsic acidity 固有酸度in tri nsic basicity 固有碱度in tri nsic solubility 固有溶解度iodimetry 碘滴定法iodin e-t un gste nlamp碘钨灯iodometry 滴定碘法ion association extraction 离子缔合物萃取ion chromatography (IC) 离子色谱ion excha nge 离子交换ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ion ic stre ngth 离子强度isoabsorptive point 等吸收点Karl Fisher titration 卡尔?费歇尔法Kjeldahl determ in ati on 凯氏定氮法Lambert-Beer law 朗泊-比尔定律leveli ng effect 拉平效应liga nd 配位体light source 光源line spectrum 线状光谱lin ear regressi on 线性回归liquid chromatography (LC) 液相色谱macro an alysis 常量分析masking 掩蔽mask ing in dex 掩蔽指数mass balanee 物料平衡matallochromic indicator 金属指示剂maximum absorpti on 最大吸收mean, average 平均值n eutral solve nt 中性溶剂measured value 测量值n eutralizatio n 中和measuri ng cyli nder 量筒non-aqueous titrati on 非水滴定measuri ng pipette 吸量管no rmal distributi on 正态分布median中位数occlusi on 包藏mercurimetry 水量法orga nic phase 有机相mercury lamp 水灯ossificati on of in dicator 指示mesh [筛]目剂的僵化methyl ora nge (MO) 甲基橙outlier 离群值methyl red (MR) 甲基红ove n烘箱micro an alysis 微量分析paper chromatography(PC) 纸色mixed con sta nt 混合常数谱mixed crystal 混晶parallel determ in ati平行测onmixed in dicator 混合指示齐U 疋mobile phase 流动相path le nth 光程Mohr method 莫尔法permanganate titration 高锰酸molar absorptivity 摩尔吸收系钾法数phase ratio 相比mole ratio method 摩尔比法phenolphthalein (PP) 酚酞molecular spectrum 分子光谱photocell 光电池mono acid 一元酸photoelectric colorimeter 光电mono chromatic color 单色光比色计monochromator 单色器photometric titrati on 光度滴定法photomultiplier 光电倍增管phototube 光电管pipette 移液管polar solve nt 极性溶剂polyprotic acid 多元酸populatio n 总体postprecipitati on 后沉淀precipita nt 沉淀剂precipitati on form 沉淀形precipitati on titrati on沉淀滴定法precisi on 精密度prec oncen tratio n 预富集predo minan ce-area diagram 优势区域图primary sta ndard 基准物质prism 棱镜probability 概率proto n 质子prot on con diti on 质子条件prot on atio n 质子化prot on ati on con sta nt 质子化常数purity 纯度qualitative an alysis 定性分析qua ntitative an alysis 定量分析quarteri ng 四分法random error 随机误差range全距(极差)reage nt bla nk 试剂空白Reage nt bottle试剂瓶record ingspectrophotometer 自动记录式分光光度计氧化还原指示剂氧化还原滴定仲裁分析参考水平(RM) 标准物参比溶液相对误差分辨力recovery 回收率redox in dicator redox titratio n referee an alysis reference level refere nee material 质reference soluti on relative error resolutio n rider 游码rout ine an alysis 常规分析sample样本,样品spectral an alysis 光谱分析sampling 取样spectrophotometer 分光光度计self in dicator 自身指示齐U spectrophotometry 分光光度法semimicro an alysis 半微量分析stability con sta nt 稳定常数separati on 分离sta ndard curve 标准曲线separati on factor 分离因数sta ndard deviation标准偏差side reacti on coefficie nt 畐反sta ndard pote ntial 标准电位应系数standard series method 标准系歹U sig nifica nee test 显著性检验法significant figure 有效数字sta ndard soluti on ,标准溶液simulta neous determ in ati on of sta ndardizati on 标定multipo nents 多组分同时测定starch 淀粉sin gle beam spectrophotometer stati onary phase 固定相单光束分光光度计steam bath 蒸气浴sin gle-pa n bala nee 单盘天平stepwise stability con sta nt 逐slit 狭缝级稳定常数sodium diphe ny lam ine sulfo nate stoichiometric point 化学计量二苯胺磺酸钠占八、、solubility product 溶度积structure an alysis 结构分析solve nt extracti on 溶剂萃取supersaturati on 过饱和species 型体(物种)systematic error 系统误差specific exti ncti on coefficie nt test soluti on 试液比消光系数thermodynamic constant 热力学常数volumetric flask 容量瓶thin layer chromatography (TLC)薄层色谱titra nd 被滴物titra nt 滴定剂titrati on 滴定titrati oncon sta nt 滴定常数titrati on curve 滴定曲线titrati on error 滴定误差titrati on in dex 滴定指数titrati on jump 滴定突跃q titrimetry 滴定分析trace an alysis 痕量分析tran siti on in terval 变色间隔tran smitta nce 透射比tri acid 三元酸true value 真值tun gste n lamp 钨灯ultratrace an alysis 超痕量分析UV-VIS spectrophotometry 紫外-可见分光光度法volumetry 容量分析Wash bottle 洗瓶washings 洗液water bath 水浴weighi ng bottle 称量瓶weighti ng form 称量形weights 砝码worki ng curve 工作曲线xyle nol ora nge (XO) 二甲酚橙zero level 零水平异步处理dispatch_as yn c(dispatch_get_glo bal_queue(O, 0), A{//处理耗时操作的代码块…[self testl];//通知主线程刷新dispatch_as yn c(dispatch_get_mai n_queue(),八{Volhard method 福尔哈德法。
无机化学英语词汇专业英语词汇-----无机化学acid 酸base 碱salt 盐acid(orbase)dissociationconstant 酸(或碱)解离常数atomicnumber 原子序数atomicorbital s 原子轨道atom 原子molecule 分子ion 离子cation 阳离子anion 阴离子charge 电荷bond 键bonding 成键doublebond 双(重)键singlebond 单键covalentbond 共价键hydrogenbond 氢键hydrogenbonding氢键的形成hybridization 杂化coordinationcompoundsorcomplexes配位化合物(配合物)ligand 配体electronicconfiguration 电子组态electronaffinity 电子亲和性electronegativity 电负性experiment 实验inorganicchemistry 无机化学inorganiccompounds 无机化合物ionizationenergy 电离能latticeenergy 晶格能interaction 相互作用oxoacid 含氧酸oxide 氧化物monoxide 一氧化物dioxide 二氧化物hydroxide 氢氧化物hydride 氢化物sulfide 硫化物alkali (强)碱alkalimetals 碱金属halide 卤化物hydrogenhalide 卤化氢metalhalides 金属卤化物carbonate 碳酸盐sulfuricacid 硫酸sulfate 硫酸盐periodictable 周期表valence 价maingroupcompounds 主族化合物p(ors,d,f)-blockelements p(或s,d,f)区元素group13(or14,15,…)elements 第13(或14,15,…)元素solidstate 固态liquidstate 液态gaseousstate 气态freeenergy 自由能dissociation 解离reaction 反应reactivity 反应性aqueoussolution 水溶液solubility 溶解性solute 溶质dissolution 溶解common-ioneffect 同离子效应stability 稳定性thermodynamics 热力学oxidation 氧化oxidant 氧化剂reduction 还原reductant 还原剂redox 氧化还原反应potential (电)势cell 电池precipitate 沉淀(物)precipitation 沉淀hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧carbon 碳silicon 硅nitrogen 氮phosphorus 磷sulfur 硫fluorine 氟chlorine 氯bromine 溴iodine 碘sodium 钠potassium 钾calcium 钙magnesium 镁aluminum 铝iron 铁cobalt 钴nickel 镍copper 铜zinc 锌silver 银gold 金thefirstrowtransitionmetals 第一过渡系金属transitionmetals 过渡金属occurrence 存在oxidationstate 氧化态groundstate 基态excitedstate 激发态spin 自旋high(orlow)spin 高(或低)自旋5。
常用分析化学专业英语词汇absorbance 吸光度absorbent 吸附剂absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption peak 吸收峰absorptivity 吸收系数accident error 偶然误差accuracy 准确度acid-base titration 酸碱滴定acidic effective coefficient 酸效应系数acidic effective curve 酸效应曲线acidity constant 酸度常数activity 活度activity coefficient 活度系数adsorption 吸附adsorption indicator 吸附指示剂affinity 亲和力aging 陈化amorphous precipitate 无定形沉淀amphiprotic solvent 两性溶剂amphoteric substance 两性物质amplification reaction 放大反应analytical balance 分析天平analytical chemistry 分析化学analytical concentration 分析浓度analytical reagent (AR) 分析试剂apparent formation constant 表观形成常数aqueous phase 水相argentimetry 银量法ashing 灰化atomic spectrum 原子光谱autoprotolysis constant 质子自递常数auxochrome group 助色团back extraction 反萃取band spectrum 带状光谱bandwidth 带宽bathochromic shift 红移blank 空白blocking of indicator 指示剂的封闭bromometry 溴量法buffer capacity 缓冲容量buffer solution 缓冲溶液burette 滴定管calconcarboxylic acid 钙指示剂calibrated curve 校准曲线calibration 校准catalyzed reaction 催化反应cerimetry 铈量法charge balance 电荷平衡chelate 螯合物chelate extraction 螯合物萃取chemical analysis 化学分析chemical factor 化学因素chemically pure 化学纯chromatography 色谱法chromophoric group 发色团coefficient of variation 变异系数color reagent 显色剂color transition point 颜色转变点colorimeter 比色计colorimetry 比色法column chromatography 柱色谱complementary color 互补色complex 络合物complexation 络合反应complexometry complexometric titration 络合滴定法complexone 氨羧络合剂concentration constant 浓度常数conditional extraction constant 条件萃取常数conditional formation coefficient 条件形成常数conditional potential 条件电位conditional solubility product 条件溶度积confidence interval 置信区间confidence level 置信水平conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对constant weight 恒量contamination 沾污continuous extraction 连续萃取continuous spectrum 连续光谱coprecipitation 共沉淀correction 校正correlation coefficient 相关系数crucible 坩埚crystalline precipitate 晶形沉淀cumulative constant 累积常数curdy precipitate 凝乳状沉淀degree of freedom 自由度demasking 解蔽derivative spectrum 导数光谱desiccant; drying agent 干燥剂desiccator 保干器determinate error 可测误差deuterium lamp 氘灯deviation 偏差deviation average 平均偏差dibasic acid 二元酸dichloro fluorescein 二氯荧光黄dichromate titration 重铬酸钾法dielectric constant 介电常数differential spectrophotometry 示差光度法differentiating effect 区分效应dispersion 色散dissociation constant 离解常数distillation 蒸馏distribution coefficient 分配系数distribution diagram 分布图distribution ratio 分配比double beam spectrophotometer 双光束分光光度计dual-pan balance 双盘天平dual-wavelength spectrophotometry 双波长分光光度法electronic balance 电子天平electrophoresis 电泳eluent 淋洗剂end point 终点end point error 终点误差enrichment 富集eosin 曙红equilibrium concentration 平衡浓度equimolar series method 等摩尔系列法Erelenmeyer flask 锥形瓶eriochrome black T (EBT) 铬黑T error 误差ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) 乙二胺四乙酸evaporation dish 蒸发皿exchange capacity 交换容量extent of crosslinking 交联度extraction constant 萃取常数extraction rate 萃取率extraction spectrphotometric method 萃取光度法Fajans method 法杨斯法ferroin 邻二氮菲亚铁离子filter 漏斗filter 滤光片filter paper 滤纸filtration 过滤fluex 溶剂fluorescein 荧光黄flusion 熔融formation constant 形成常数frequency 频率frequency density 频率密度frequency distribution 频率分布gas chromatography (GC) 气相色谱grating 光栅gravimetric factor 重量因素gravimetry 重量分析guarantee reagent (GR) 保证试剂high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 高效液相色谱histogram 直方图homogeneous precipitation 均相沉淀hydrogen lamp 氢灯hypochromic shift 紫移ignition 灼烧indicator 指示剂induced reaction 诱导反应inert solvent 惰性溶剂instability constant 不稳定常数instrumental analysis 仪器分析intrinsic acidity 固有酸度intrinsic basicity 固有碱度intrinsic solubility 固有溶解度iodimetry 碘滴定法iodine-tungsten lamp 碘钨灯iodometry 滴定碘法ion association extraction 离子缔合物萃取ion chromatography (IC) 离子色谱ion exchange 离子交换ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ionic strength 离子强度isoabsorptive point 等吸收点Karl Fisher titration 卡尔•费歇尔法Kjeldahl determination 凯氏定氮法Lambert-Beer law 朗泊-比尔定律leveling effect 拉平效应ligand 配位体light source 光源line spectrum 线状光谱linear regression 线性回归liquid chromatography (LC) 液相色谱macro analysis 常量分析masking 掩蔽masking index 掩蔽指数mass balance 物料平衡matallochromic indicator 金属指示剂maximum absorption 最大吸收mean, average 平均值measured value 测量值measuring cylinder 量筒measuring pipette 吸量管median 中位数mercurimetry 汞量法mercury lamp 汞灯mesh [筛]目methyl orange (MO) 甲基橙methyl red (MR) 甲基红micro analysis 微量分析mixed constant 混合常数mixed crystal 混晶mixed indicator 混合指示剂mobile phase 流动相Mohr method 莫尔法molar absorptivity 摩尔吸收系数mole ratio method 摩尔比法molecular spectrum 分子光谱monoacid 一元酸monochromatic color 单色光monochromator 单色器neutral solvent 中性溶剂neutralization 中和non-aqueous titration 非水滴定normal distribution 正态分布occlusion 包藏organic phase 有机相ossification of indicator 指示剂的僵化outlier 离群值oven 烘箱paper chromatography(PC) 纸色谱parallel determination 平行测定path lenth 光程permanganate titration 高锰酸钾法phase ratio 相比phenolphthalein (PP) 酚酞photocell 光电池photoelectric colorimeter 光电比色计photometric titration 光度滴定法photomultiplier 光电倍增管phototube 光电管pipette 移液管polar solvent 极性溶剂polyprotic acid 多元酸population 总体postprecipitation 后沉淀precipitant 沉淀剂precipitation form 沉淀形precipitation titration 沉淀滴定法precision 精密度preconcentration 预富集predominance-area diagram 优势区域图primary standard 基准物质prism 棱镜probability 概率proton 质子proton condition 质子条件protonation 质子化protonation constant 质子化常数purity 纯度qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析quartering 四分法random error 随机误差range 全距(极差)reagent blank 试剂空白Reagent bottle 试剂瓶recording spectrophotometer 自动记录式分光光度计recovery 回收率redox indicator 氧化还原指示剂redox titration 氧化还原滴定referee analysis 仲裁分析reference level 参考水平reference material (RM) 标准物质reference solution 参比溶液relative error 相对误差resolution 分辨力rider 游码routine analysis 常规分析sample 样本,样品sampling 取样self indicator 自身指示剂semimicro analysis 半微量分析separation 分离separation factor 分离因数side reaction coefficient 副反应系数significance test 显著性检验significant figure 有效数字simultaneous determination of multiponents 多组分同时测定single beam spectrophotometer 单光束分光光度计single-pan balance 单盘天平slit 狭缝sodium diphenylamine sulfonate 二苯胺磺酸钠solubility product 溶度积solvent extraction 溶剂萃取species 型体(物种)specific extinction coefficient 比消光系数spectral analysis 光谱分析spectrophotometer 分光光度计spectrophotometry 分光光度法stability constant 稳定常数standard curve 标准曲线standard deviation 标准偏差standard potential 标准电位standard series method 标准系列法standard solution 标准溶液standardization 标定starch 淀粉stationary phase 固定相steam bath 蒸气浴stepwise stability constant 逐级稳定常数stoichiometric point 化学计量点structure analysis 结构分析supersaturation 过饱和systematic error 系统误差test solution 试液thermodynamic constant 热力学常数thin layer chromatography (TLC) 薄层色谱titrand 被滴物titrant 滴定剂titration 滴定titration constant 滴定常数titration curve 滴定曲线titration error 滴定误差titration index 滴定指数titration jump 滴定突跃titrimetry 滴定分析trace analysis 痕量分析transition interval 变色间隔transmittance 透射比tri acid 三元酸true value 真值tungsten lamp 钨灯ultratrace analysis 超痕量分析UV-VIS spectrophotometry 紫外-可见分光光度法volatilization 挥发Volhard method 福尔哈德法volumetric flask 容量瓶volumetry 容量分析Wash bottle 洗瓶washings 洗液water bath 水浴weighing bottle 称量瓶weighting form 称量形weights 砝码working curve 工作曲线xylenol orange (XO) 二甲酚橙zero level 零水平异步处理dispatch_async(dispatch_get_glo bal_queue(0, 0), ^{// 处理耗时操作的代码块... [self test1];//通知主线程刷新dispatch_async(dispatch_get_mai n_queue(), ^{//或者说是通知主线程刷新,NSLog(............);});。
化学常用英文缩写词14 化学常用缩写词(Abbreviation)Aa = active;activity 活性;活度a = atto- 渺;阿(托);微微微[10-18)A = absorbance 吸光度A = ampere 安培(电)AA = aminoacid analyzer 氨基酸分析器AA = atomic absorption 原子吸收(法)AAD = atomic absorption detector 原子吸收检测器AAS = atomic absorption spectrometry 原子吸收光谱法A.A.S.= alkyl aryl sulphonate 磺酸烷基芳基酯ABCD = automatic basellne drift correction 自动基线漂移校正abnml = abnormal 反常的;异常的abr.= abridged;abridg(e)ment 节略的;摘要ahs.= absolute 绝对的ahs.= absorption 吸收ahs.E = absolute error 绝对误差ABS = acrylonitrile-butadlene-styrene ABS树脂;丙烯睛-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物ABS = alkylbenzene sulfonate 烷基苯磺酸盐abs.visc = absolute viscosity 绝对粘度ac.= acid 酸ac.= active;activity 活性;活度ac.a.;AC.A.= acetic acid 乙酸a.c.;A.C.= alternating current 交流(电)A.Ch.S.= American Chemical Society 美国化学学会ACI = allowable concentration Index 容许浓度指数acid.= acidification;acidified;acidify 酸化;酸化丁的ACS;A.C.S.= American Chemical Society 美国化学学会act.= active ;activity 活性;活度act.std = actual standard 现行标准activ.= activated 活性的AD = automatic detection 自动检测ADC = ascending-descending chromatographv 升降色谱(法)addl;addnl = additional 附加的addn-(l)= addition(al)加入;加合;加成;附加的ADI = acceptable daily intake 日容许摄入量adj.= adjustment 校准;调节ADP = adenosine diphosphate 腺苷二磷酸ADP = ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 磷酸二氢铵ADP = automatic data processing 自动数据处理AE cellulose = aminoethyl cellulose 氨乙基纤维素AER = anion exchange resin 阴离子交换树脂AES = atomic emission spectrometry 原子发射光谱法AES-LEED = Auger electronic spectroscopy-low energy electron diffraction method 俄歇电子能谱低能电子衍射法AFC = automatic frequency control 自动频率控制AFD = alkali flame detector 碱火焰检测器AFID = alkali flame ionization detector 碱火焰电离检测器AFS = atomic fluorescence spectrometry 原子荧光光谱法AFT = automatic fine tuning 自动微调AGC = adsorption gas chromatography 吸附气相色谱(法)A.1.C.= American Institute of Chemists 美国化学师学会A.1.Ch.E.= American Institute of Chemical Engineers 美国化学工程师学会AID = argon ionization detector 氩电离检测器alc.= alcohol;alcoholic 醇;酒精;酒精的ALC = analyticl liquld chromatograph 分析(用)液相色谱仪ALC ;ale = ethyl alcohol 乙醇;酒精ald = aldehyde 乙醛alk = alkali;alkaline 碱;碱性alk = alkyl 烷基alky = alkalinity 碱性AMFID = alkali metal flame ionization detector 碱金属火焰电离检测器ammon.= ammoniacal 氨的amor.= amorphous 无定形amp;amps = ampere(s)安培Amp.= amplifier 放大器AMP = adenosione monophosphate;adenylic acid 腺苷一磷酸;腺苷酸AMS = accelerator mass-spectrometry 加速器质谱法Am.Std.= American Standards 美国标准AMU = atomic mass unit 原子质量单位anal.= Analogy;analogous 同属;类似;类似的anal.= analysis;analytical 分析;分析的Anal.Chem.= analytical chemistry 分析化学anh;anhyd = anhydride 酐anh;anhyd = anhydrous 无水的ANOV A = analysis of variance 方差分析AP = air pressure 空气压力;气压AP = all-purpose 通用的A.P.= American Patent 美国专利APDC = Ammonium pyrrolidine dlthiocarbamate 吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵app.= apparatus 装置;设备;仪器APR = Annual Progress Report 年度进展报告[特种文献〕Aq.= Water;aqueous 水;含水的AQL = acceptable quality level 合格标准;正品标准aq.reg.= aqua regia 王水aq.sol.= aqueous solution 水溶液ar.= aromatic 芳族的;芳香的ar.;Ar.= aryl(radical)芳基AR = analrtical reagent 分析试剂AR = analytical reagent grade 分析试剂纯;分析纯AR = annual report 年度报告;年报ARC = automatic range control 自动量程控制AS = auger spectroscopy 俄歇(电子)能谱法ASA = American Standards Association 美国标准协会A.S.C = automatic sensitivity control 自动灵敏度控制asmt.= assortment 品种;品级;分级Assn.Assoc(n) = Association 协会;学会ASTM = American Socity for Testing and Materials 美国材料试验学会at.= atomic 原子的at.= atomospheric 大气的A.T.= ambient temperature 环境温度atm.= atmosphere (pressure);atmospheric 大气(压);大气的at.no.;At.No.= atomic number 原子序数ATPR = Annual Technical Progress Report 年度技术进展报告A.T.U.= absorptiometric turbidity unit 吸收比色浊度单位at.wt.= atomic weight 原子量A.U.= absorbance unit 吸光度单位Aufs.= absorbance unit full scale 满刻度吸光度单位AV = acid value 酸值;酸价ave.;avg.= average 平均BBaP = benzo[α]pyrene 苯并[α]芘bcgd;bkgd.= background 本底BDDA = N-benzyldidodecylamine N-苄基双十二烷基胺BDHA = N-benzyldihexylamine N-苄基二己基胺BDHP = butyldihexylphosphinate 二己基次磷酸丁酯BDMDC = bismuth dimethylthiocarbamate 二甲基硫代氨基甲酸铋BDNA = benzyldnonylamine 苄基二壬基胺BDOA = benzyldioctylamine 苄基二壬基胺BDOPO = benzyldioctylphosphine oxide N-苄基二辛基氧膦BEHA = benzylethylhexylamine N-苄基-2-乙基已基胺Belg.Pat.= Belgium Patent 比利时专利Bep = benzo[e]pyrene 苯并[e]芘BESA = British Engineering Standards Association 英国工程标准协会Bipy = 2,2’-bipyridyl 2,2’-联吡啶BL;bl.= base line 基线BMA = polybutylmethacrylate 聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯BOD = biochemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量BOP = butyl octyl phthalate 邻苯-甲酸丁基辛酯bp;b.p.;B.P.= boiling point 沸点BPC = bonded-phase chromatography (化学)键合(固定)相色谱法BPC = British pharmacopoeia codex 英国副药典B.Ph = British Pharmacopoeia 英国药典Bq = becquerel 贝克勒尔[放射性活度单位,等于1s-11Bq=27.027pCi]br.= brand 商标:牌号B.R.;b.r.= boiling range 沸程Brit.Pat.= British Patent 英国专利Br-PADAP = 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol 2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)5-二乙氨基苯酚B.S.= British Standards 英国标准bu.alc.= butyl alcohol 丁醇bu.;BU = butyl 丁基bus.= bushel 蒲式耳[英制谷物容量单位,英=36.368L,美=35.238L]b.v.= by volume(%)按体积(%)b.w.= by weight(%)按重量(%)Bz = benzyl 苄基CCA = cellulose acetate 乙酸纤维素CA = Chemical Abstract 化学文摘cal.= calorie ;gram-calorie 卡calc.= Calculate(d) 计算(的)cal.val.= Calorific value 发热量;发热值CAMD = computer aided moleculardesign 计算机辅助分子设计Can.Pat.= Canadian Patent 加拿大专利cap.= capacity 容量;能力cap.= capillary 毛细管;毛细的cat.= catalyst ;catalytic;catalyzed 催化剂;催化的cat.= catalog(ue)目录;条目;总目CBPC = chemical honded phase chromatography 化学键合(固定)相色谱(法)CC = continuous current 直流(电)CCIX = continuous countercurrent ionexchange 连续逆流离子交换CCM = column chromatographic methd 柱色谱法CCS = Chinese Chemical Society 中国化学会CD = circular dichroism 圆二色性CD = coulometric detector 库仑检测器CDA = N-cyclohexyldodecylamine N-环己基十二烷基胺CDC = column development chromatography 柱展开色谱(法)CDTA = cyclohexane-diamine-tetraacetic acid 环己烷二胺四乙酸CEHA= N-cyclohexyl-2-ethylhexy-lamine N-环己基-2-乙基己基胺CER = cation exchange resin 阳离子交换树脂CETTA = N-(β-carboxyethyl)diethylene triaminetetraacetic acid N(β-羧乙基)二亚乙基三胺四乙酸c./f.= carried forwad 转入下页cf.= confer 比较;参看CF = concentration factor 浓集因数CFM = polychlorotrifluoroethylene 聚氯三氟乙烯cfs = cubic feet per second 英尺3/秒CG = chromatographic grade ①色谱级(的)②;色谱用(的)[如某些离子交换树脂商名后附CG字样,为色谱专用的]CGC = capillary gas chromatography 毛细管气相色谱(法)CGS = centimetre-gram-second 厘米.克.秒(单位)制CHA = cyclohexylamine acetate 乙酸环己胺oh.E.= chemical engineering 化学工程Chem.= chemisty;chemical 化学;化学的C.H.U.= caloric heat unit 卡热单位Ci = curie 居里[放射性强度单位]CI = chemical ionization 化学电离CI = clearing index 净化指数CI = concentration Index 浓度指数CI = contamination index 污染指数CID = catalytic ionization detector 催化电离检测器CID = cheml-ionization detector 化学电离检测器cit.= citation 引证;引证文cit.= cited 引用的;引证的Cit = citrate 柠檬酸盐Clin = clinical(ly)临床的CMC = carboxymethyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素CMC = critical micelle concentration 临界胶束浓度CMDMS = chloromethyl -dimethylsilane 氯甲基二甲基硅烷CMR = carbon magnetic resonance 碳核磁共振13 CMR = carbon-13 magnetic resonance 碳-13(核)磁共振CN = cellulose nitrate 硝酸纤维素CNAA = continuous neutron activation analysis 连续中子活化分析CoA = coenzyme A 辅酶ACOA = N-cyclohexyloctylamine N-环已基辛基胺COC = chemical oxygen consumption 化学耗氧量COD = chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量col.= column 柱coll.= colloidal 胶体的Coll.Ch.= colloid chemistry 胶体化学Co.Ltd.= company limited 有限公司comb.= combine 混合;结合;化合comp.= composition 组成;成分comp = compound ①胶料;②化合物conc.= conentrate;concentrated;concentration 浓缩;浓缩丁的;浓缩作用;浓度concn.= concentration = 浓度;浓缩cond.= co ndition 条件;情况cond.= conductivity 传导性;传导率cont.= content 含量cont.(s)= contain(s)含有;包含conv.(n)= conversion 转化;转变;换算co-op = co-operation 合作;协作cor.= corrected 校正的Corp.= corporation 公司;社团法人c.p.;CP = chemically pure 化学纯CPAA = charged particle activation analysis 带电粒子活化分析CPC = cetyl pyridinium chloride 氯化十六烷基吡啶CPE = chlorinated polyethylene 氯化聚乙烯cpm,c/m = counts per minute 每分钟计数CPU = central processing unit 中央处理机CPVC = chlorinated polyvinyl chloride 氯化聚氯乙烯cr.= crystalline 结晶的c.r.;C.R.= cathode ray 阴极射线crit.= Critical 临界的CRT = cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管Cry.= crystalline 结晶的crystn.= crystallization 结晶CT = computerized tomography 计算机化断层显像CTAB = cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide 溴化十六烷基三甲基铵CTAC = cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride 氯化十六烷基三甲基铵C TC;C.T.C.= carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳CTR = controlled thermonuclear reactor 受控热核反应堆;聚变堆C.T.U.= centigrade thermal unit 百分度热单位cur.= current 流;流行的;现在的C.V.= calorific value 卡值CVD = chemical vapor deposition 化学蒸气淀积;化学汽相淀积CyDTA = cyclohexane diaminetetraacetic acid 环己二胺四乙酸Dd;D = density 密度d- = dextro- 右旋的d;D = diameter 直径da = deca- 十[101]DAM ;DADPM = diamino-diphenyl-methane 二氨基二苯甲烷DAMD = dimethylaminomethyl dimethyl dithiocarbamate 二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸二甲胺甲酯Dan.Pat.= Danish Patent 丹麦专利DAP = di-alkyl phthalate 邻苯二甲酸二烷基酯DAPT = diamlnopropane-tetraacetic acid 丙二胺四乙酸dat.= Datum [单]数据;资料DBA = dibenzylamine 二苄基胺DBA = dibutylamine 二丁胺DBAE = dibutylamino-ethanol 丁基氨基乙醇DBAO = dibutylammonium oleate 油酸二丁基铵DBBP = dibutyl butylphosphonate 丁基磷酸二丁酯DBC = dibutylcarbitol 二丁基卡必醇DBC = dibutylcellosolve 二丁基溶纤剂DBDA = N,N-dibenzyldodecylamine 二苄基十二烷基胺dB/db = decibel 分贝[声强度单位]DBHA = dibenzylhexylamine 二苄基己基胺dbl.= double 双的;双重的DBMP = dibutylmethylphosphate 磷酸二丁基一甲基酯DBMP = dibutylmethylphosphonate 甲基磷酸二丁酯DBOA = dibenzyloctylamine 二苄基辛胺DBP = dibutylphosphate 磷酸二丁酯DBP = dibutyl phthalate 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯DBPP = dibutyl phenyl phosphonate 苯基磷酸二丁酯DBS = dodecyl benzene sulfonate 十二烷基苯磺酸盐d.c.= dispersing coefficient 分散系数d.c.;D.C.= direct current 直流(电)DC = diffusion constant 扩散常数DCB = 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine 3,3’-二氯联苯胺DCS = data collection srstem 数据收集系统DCTA = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane tetraacetic acid 环已二胺四乙酸DDB = dodecyl benzene 十二烷基苯DDC;DDCN = diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate 二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸二乙铵DDD = dimethylammonium dimehyldithiocarbamate 二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸二甲铵DDDC = diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate 二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸二乙基铵DDP = di-decyl phthalate 邻苯二甲酸二癸酯DDPA = dodecyl phosphoric acid 十二烷基磷酸;磷酸单十二烷基酯DDT = dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane 滴滴涕;双对氯苯基三氯乙烷DDTC = diethyldithiocarbamate 二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸盐DDVP = O,O-dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl-phosphate 敌敌畏。
普通化学英汉术语(General Chemistry Glossary)1. Introduction: Matter and Measurement (1)2. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (2)3. Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations (3)4. Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry (4)5. Thermochemistry (5)6.Electronic Structure of Atoms (6)7. Periodic Properties of the Elements (7)8. Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding (7)9. Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories (8)10. Gases (9)11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids10 12. Modern Materials (11)13. Properties of Solutions (12)14. Chemical Kinetics (12)15. Chemical Equilibrium (13)16. Acid-Base Equilibria (14)17. Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria..1418. Chemistry of the Environment (15)19. Chemical Thermodynamics (15)20. Electrochemistry (16)22. Chemistry of the Nonmetals (17)23. Metals and Metallurgy (17)24. Chemistry of Coordination Compounds (18)1. Introduction: Matter and Measurement1.1 The Study of Chemistrychemistry(化学): The scientific discipline that treats the composition, properties, and transformations of matter.Matter(物质): Anything that occupies space and has mass; the physical material of the universe.atom(原子): The smallest representative particle of an element.molecule(分子): A chemical combination of two or more atoms.1.2 Classification of Matterstates of matter(物质的状态): The three forms that matter can assume: solid, liquid, and gas.gas(气体): Matter that has no fixed volume or shape; it conforms to the volume and shape of its container. liquid(液体): Matter that has a distinct volume but no specific shape.solid(固体): Matter that has both a definite shape and a definite volume.mixture(混合物): A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity.homogeneous(均匀的): Having uniform composition throughout.heterogeneous(不均匀的): Having diverse composition.pure substance(纯净物): Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties.compound(化合物): A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions.element(元素、单质): A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. law of constant composition(定组成定律): A law that states that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same, regardless of its source; also called the law of definite proportions.law of definite proportions(定比定律): A law that states that the elemental composition of a pure substance is always the same, regardless of its source; also called the law of constant composition. electrolysis reaction(电解反应): A reaction in which a nonspontaneous redox reaction is brought about by the passage of current under a sufficient external electrical potential. The devices in which electrolysis reactions occur are called electrolytic cells.1.3 Properties of Matterphysical properties(物理性质): Properties that can be measured without changing the composition of a substance; for example, color and freezing point. chemical properties(化学性质): Properties that describe a substance's composition and its reactivity; how the substance reacts, or changes into other substances.intensive(强度性质): A property that is independent of the amount of material considered; for example, density.extensive(广延性质): A property that depends on the amount of material considered; for example, mass or volume.mass(质量): A measure of the amount of material in an object. It measures the resistance of an object to being moved. In SI units, mass is measured in kilograms.chemical changes(化学变化): Processes in which one or more substances are converted into other substances; also called chemical reactions. chemical reactions(化学反应): Processes in which one or more substances are converted into other substances; also called chemical changes. physical changes(物理变化): Changes (such as a phase change) that occur with no change in chemical composition.changes of state(状态变化): Transformations of matter from one state to a different one, for example, from a gas to a liquid.1.4 Units of MeasurementSI units(国际单位): The preferred metric units for use in science.Celsius scale(摄氏温标): A temperature scale on which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° at sea level. Kelvin scale(开氏温标): The absolute temperature scale; the SI unit for temperature is the kelvin. Zero on the Kelvin scale corresponds to -273.15°C; therefore, K = °C + 273.15.1.5 Uncertainty in Measurementprecision(精密度): The closeness of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity; the reproducibility of a measurement.accuracy(准确度): A measure of how closely individual measurements agree with the correct value. significant figures(有效数字): The digits that indicate the precision with which a measurement is made; all digits of a measured quantity are significant, including the last digit, which is uncertain. .1.6 Dimensional Analysisdimensional analysis(因次分析): A method of problem solving in which units are carried through all calculations. Dimensional analysis ensures that the final answer of a calculation has the desired units. conversion factor(转化因子): A ratio relating the same quantity in two systems of units that is used to convert the units of measurement.2. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions2.1 The Atomic Theory of Matteratom(原子): The smallest representative particle of an element.law of constant composition(定组成定律): A law that states that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same, regardless of its source; also called the law of definite proportions.law of conservation of mass(质量守恒定律): A scientific law stating that the total mass of the products of a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass of the reactants, so that mass remains constant during the reaction.law of multiple proportions(倍比定律): A law stating that if two elements A and B combine to form more than one compound, the masses of B that can combine with a given mass of A are related by factors of small whole numbers.2.2 The Discovery of Atomic Structuresubatom(亚原子): Particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons that are smaller than an atom.cathode rays(阴极射线): Streams of electrons that are produced when a high voltage is applied to electrodes in an evacuated tube.electron(电子): A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus; it is a part of all atoms. An electron has a mass 1/1836 times that of a proton.electronic charge(电荷): The negative charge carried by an electron; it has a magnitude of 1.602×10-19 C.2.3 The Modern View of Atomic Structure nucleus(原子核): The very small, very dense, positively charged portion of an atom; it is composed of protons and neutrons.proton(质子): A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.neutron(中子): An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom; it has approximately the same mass as a proton.angstrom(埃): A common non-SI unit of length, denoted m.atomic mass unit (amu) (原子质量单位): A unit based on the value of exactly 12 amu for the mass of the isotope of carbon that has six protons and six neutrons in the nucleus.atomic number(原子序数): The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element.isotopes(同位素): Atoms of the same element containing different numbers of neutrons and therefore having different masses.Mass number(质量数):The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the atom.2.4 The Periodic Tableperiodic table(周期表): The arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number, with elements having similar properties placed in vertical columns.Group(族): Elements that are in the same column of the periodic table; elements within the same group or family exhibit similarities in their chemical behavior. metallic elements (metals)(金属元素): Elements that are usually solids at room temperature, exhibit high electrical and heat conductivity, and appear lustrous. Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals. nonmetallic elements (nonmetals)(非金属元素): Elements in the upper-right corner of the periodic table; nonmetals differ from metals in their physical and chemical properties.Metalloids(准金属、半金属): Elements that lie along the diagonal line separating the metals from the nonmetals in the periodic table; the properties of metalloids are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals.main-group elements(主族元素): Elements in groups 1-8A.transition elements(过渡元素): Elements in groups 1-8B.2.5 Molecules and Molecular Compounds molecules(分子): Electrically neutral combinations of two or more atoms.molecular(分子化合物): A substance that exists as molecules.chemical formula(化学式): A notation that uses atomic symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different elements in a substance.molecular formula(分子式): A chemical formula that indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a substance.empirical formula (simplest formula) (实验式或最简式): A chemical formula that shows the kinds of atoms and their relative numbers in a substance.2.6 Ions and Ionic Compoundsion(离子): Electrically charged atom or group of atoms (polyatomic ion); ions can be positively or negatively charged, depending on whether electrons are lost (positive) or gained (negative) by the atoms. monatomic ion(单原子离子): An atom that has either lost or gained one or more electrons to become electrically charged.polyatomic ion(多原子离子): An electrically charged group of two or more atoms.cation(阳离子): A positively charged ion.anion: (阴离子)A negatively charged ion.2.7 Naming Inorganic Compoundsoxyanion(含氧酸根离子): A polyatomic ion that contains one or more oxygen atoms. Binary(二元的): Consisting of two different elements. Elements in the upper-right corner of the periodic table; nonmetals differ from metals in their physical and chemical properties.3. Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations3.1 Chemical Equationschemical equation(化学方程式): A representation of a chemical reaction using the chemical formulas of the reactants and products; a balanced chemical equation contains equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.reactant(反应物): A starting substance in a chemical reaction; it appears to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation.product(产物): A substance produced in a chemical reaction; it appears to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation.law of conservation of mass(质量守恒定律): This law tells us there must be the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the arrow.Compound (化合物): A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions.element(元素、单质): A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. balanced chemical equation(配平的化学方程式): It is balanced because it has the same number of each type of atom on the left side of the arrow (reactants) and the right side of the arrow (products).3.2 Patterns of Chemical Reactivitygroup(族): Elements that are in the same column of the periodic table; elements within the same group or family exhibit similarities in their chemical behavior. combustion reaction(燃烧反应): A chemical reaction that proceeds with evolution of heat and usually also a flame; most combustion involves reaction with oxygen, as in the burning of a match.oxidation-reduction reaction(氧化还原反应): A chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of certain atoms change.alkali metals(碱金属): Members of group 1A in the periodic table.decomposition reaction(分解反应): A chemical reaction in which a single compound. reacts to give two or more products.3.3 Atomic and Molecular Weights3.5 Empirical Formulas from Analysesmolecular formula(分子式): A chemical formula that indicates the actual number of atoms of each elementin one molecule of a substance.empirical formula (simplest formula) (实验式或最简式): A chemical formula that shows the kinds of atoms and their relative numbers in a substance.3.6 Quantitative Information from Balanced Equations3.7 Limiting Reactantsstoichiometric(计量法): Exact amount of reactant dictated by the balanced equation.theoretical yield(理论产量): The quantity of product that is calculated to form when all of the limiting reagent reacts.percent yield(百分比产率): The ratio of the actual (experimental) yield of a product to its theoretical (calculated) yield, multiplied by 100.4. Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutionssolution(溶液): A mixture of substances that has a uniform composition; a homogeneous mixture.solvent(溶剂): The dissolving medium of a solution; it is normally the component of a solution present in the greater amount.solutes(溶质): A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution; it is normally the component of a solution present in the smaller amount.aqueous solution(水溶液): A solution in which water is the solvent.electrolyte(电解质): A solute that produces ions in solution; an electrolytic solution conducts an electric current.nonelectrolyte(非电解质): A substance that does not ionize in water and consequently gives a nonconducting solution.strong electrolyte(强电解质): A substance that is completely ionized in solution, for example, strong acids, strong bases, and most salts.weak electrolyte(弱电解质): A substance that only partly ionizes in solution.dissociate(离解): Separates into constituent ions. Used for ionic compounds that come apart when dissolved.ionize(离子化): Comes apart to form ions. Used for molecular compounds that form ions when dissolved. 4.2 Precipitation Reactionsprecipitation reaction(沉淀反应): A reaction that occurs between substances in solution in which one of the products is insoluble.precipitate(沉淀): An insoluble substance that forms in, and separates from, a solution.molecular equation(分子方程): A chemical equation in which the formula for each substance is written without regard for whether it is an electrolyte or a nonelectrolyte.complete ionic equation(离子方程): An equation written such that species known to exist completely or predominantly as ions are separated and written as separate ions.spectator ions(旁观离子): Ions that go through a reaction unchanged and that appear on both sides of the complete ionic equation.net ionic reaction(净离子反应): A chemical equation for a solution reaction in which soluble strong electrolytes are written as ions and spectator ions are omitted.weak electrolyte(弱电解质): A substance that only partly ionizes in solution.4.3 Acid-Base Reactionsacid(酸): A substance that is able to donate a H+ ion (a proton) and hence increases the concentration of H+(aq) when it dissolves in water.base(碱): A substance that is a H+ acceptor; a base produces an excess of OH-(aq) ions when it dissolves in water.salt(盐): An ionic compound formed by replacing one or more H+ of an acid by other cations.neutralization reaction(中和反应): A reaction in which an acid and a base react in stoichiometrically equivalent amounts; the neutralization reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide produces water and a salt.4.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactionsoxidation-reduction reaction(氧化还原反应): A chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of certain atoms change.oxidation(氧化): A process in which a substance loses one or more electrons.reduction(还原): A process in which a substance gains one or more electrons.oxidation number (oxidation state) (氧化数或氧化态): A positive or negative whole number assigned to an element in a molecule or ion on the basis of a set of formal rules; to some degree it reflects the positive or negative character of that atom.activity series(金属活动顺序): A list of metals in order of decreasing ease of oxidation.4.5 Concentrations of Solutionsconcentration(浓度): The quantity of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution.molarity(摩尔浓度): The concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution; abbreviated M.4.6 Solution Stoichiometry and Chemical Analysistitration(滴定): The process of reacting a solution of unknown concentration with one of known concentration (a standard solution).standard solution(标准溶液): A solution of known concentration.Stoichiometri point or equivalence point(化学计量点): The point in a titration at which the added solute reacts completely with the solute present in the solution.indicator(指示剂): A substance added to a solution to indicate by a color change the point at which the added solute has just reacted with all the solute present in solution.5. Thermochemistry5.1 The Nature of Energyenergy(能量): The ability to do work or to transfer heat.work(功): The movement of an object against some force.heat(热): The flow of energy from a body at higher temperature to one at lower temperature when they are placed in thermal contact.joule (J) (焦耳): The SI unit of energy.system(系统): In thermodynamics the portion of the universe that we single out for study.surroundings(环境): In thermodynamics everything that lies outside of the system of interest.5.2 The First Law of Thermodynamicskinetic energy(动能): The energy that an object possesses by virtue of its motion.potential energy(势能): The energy that an object possesses as a result of its composition or its position with respect to another object.first law of thermodynamics(热力学第一定律): A statement of our experience that energy is conservedin any process. We can express the first law in many ways. One of the more useful expressions is that the change in internal energy, E, of a system in any process is equal to the heat, q, added to the system, plus the work, w, done on the system by its surroundings: ΔE = q + w.internal energy(内能): The total energy possessed by a system.exothermic process(放热过程): A process in which a system releases heat to its surroundings. endothermic process(吸热过程): A process in which a system absorbs heat from its surroundings.state function(状态函数): A property of a system that is determined by the state or condition of the system and not by how it got to that state or condition.5.3 Enthalpyenthalpy(焓): A quantity defined by the relationship H = E + PV; the enthalpy change,H, for a reaction that occurs at constant pressure is the heat evolved orabsorbed in the reaction:pH=qΔstate function(状态函数): A property of a system that is determined by the state or condition of the system and not by how it got to that state or condition. extensive property(广延性质): A property that depends on the amount of material.intensive(强度性质): A property that is independent of the amount of material considered; for example, density.states of matter(物质的状态): The three forms that matter can assume: solid, liquid, and gas.5.4 Enthalpies of Reactionheat of vaporization(蒸发热): The enthalpy change,vHΔ, for vaporizing a liquid.heat of solution(溶解热): The enthalpy change,sHΔ, for dissolving a substance in water.5.5 Calorimetrycalorimetry(量热): The experimental measurement of heat produced in chemical and physical processes. heat capacity(热容): The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a sample of matter by one degree (Celsius or Kelvin).specific heat or specific heat capacity(比热): The heat capacity of 1 g of a substance; the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by one degree (Celsius or Kelvin).molar heat capacity(摩尔热容): The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mol of a substance by one degree (Celsius or Kelvin).calorimeter(热量计): An apparatus that measures the evolution of heat.system(系统): In thermodynamics the portion of the universe that we single out for study.surroundings(环境): In thermodynamics everything that lies outside the system of interest.first law of thermodynamics(热力学第一定律): A statement of our experience that energy is conserved in any process. We can express the first law in many ways. One of the more useful expressions is that the change in internal energy, E, of a system in any process is equal to the heat, q, added to the system, plus the work, w, done on the system by its surroundings: E = q + w.bomb calorimeter(弹式量热计): A device for measuring the heat evolved in the combustion of a substance under constant-volume conditions.5.6 Hess's LawHess's law(盖斯定律): The heat evolved in a given process can be expressed as the sum of the heats of several processes that, when added, yield the process of interest.5.7 Enthalpies of Formationheat of formation H fΔD(生成热): The change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mol of a substance from its elements, with all substances in their standard states.5.8 Foods and Fuelsfossil fuels(化石燃料): Coal, oil, and natural gas, which are presently our major sources of energy. combustion(燃烧): A chemical reaction that produces energy and, in the case of combustion of carbon-based compounds, carbon dioxide and water.Calorie(卡路里): A unit of energy, it is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1度, from 14.5?C to 15.5度。