初中英语语法专题讲座07——动词

初中英语语法专题讲座——动词

35 初中英语语法专题讲座——动词

【复习要点】

表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。动词有五种形态：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。

根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。

注意：基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。例如：He is giving

a lecture. 他在作报告He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划The small animals

are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。

还可以根据其后是否带有宾语分为两类：及物动词和不及物动词。缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.

英语的动词从是否独立用作谓语来看，可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。所谓谓语动词，其实就是动词独立用作谓语时的形式；非谓语动词就是动词不独立用作谓语时的形式。前者由动词的各种时态形式来表示，后者则由不定式、分词和动名词来表示。英语谓语动词的八种时态、语态和几种变化形式如下：

八种时态 主动语态 被动语态

一般现在时 do; does am; is; are done

一般过去时 did; -ed was; were done

一般将来时 will do will be done

现在进行时 am; is; are doing am; is; are being done

过去进行时 was; were doing was; were being done

现在完成时 have; has done have; has been done

过去完成时 had done had been done

过去将来时 would do would be done

情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be done

* * * * * * * * * * * * 一、一般现在时：

1. 一般现在时的构成：

一般现在时是由动词的现在式来表示的，所谓动词的现在式，是指动词原形和-s形式，后者用于第三人称单数的主语。例如：I study in a school near here. 我在附近的一所学校读书。My father often works far into the night. 父亲常常工作到深夜。

实义动词的否定式和疑问式要由助动词do / does来构成，例如：They don’t like

living in the city. 他们不喜欢住在城里。She doesn’t speak German very

well. 她德语说得不太好。Do you watch TV on Sundays? 你每个星期天都看电视吗？Where does he work? 他在哪里工作？

2. 一般现在时的基本用法：

⑴ 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always, usually, sometimes, often, every

day等时间状语连用。例如：We have an English class every day except

Thursday. 除了星期四，我们每天都上英语课。It often rains here in spring. 这里春天经常下雨。They always go to Italy for their holidays. 他们总是去意大利度假。Sometimes I come by train, but usually I come by car. 有时我乘火车来，但是通常我乘汽车来。

⑵ 表示现在的特征和状态，通常不带时间状语。例如：She likes bread, but she

doesn’t like pizza. 她爱吃面包，而不爱吃比萨饼。Do you speak English? 你会说英语吗？

⑶ 表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。例如：The sun always rises in the east. 太阳总是从东方升起。Twice three makes six. 2乘3等于6。

⑷ 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I will

discuss this with you when we meet. 我们见面的时候，我会和你讨论这件事。We will not leave until we are asked to. 直到我们被要求离开，我们才会离开。If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go on a field trip. 如果明天天晴，我们就去考察旅行。 初中英语语法专题讲座——动词

36 They will stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即便你不成功，他们也会支持你。

二、一般过去时：

1. 一般过去时的构成：

一般过去时是由动词的过去式来表示的，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下：

（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ，如：worked played wanted acted

（2）以不发音的e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：lived moved decided declined

hoped judged raised wiped

（3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把y变为i 再加-ed，如：studied tried copied

justified cried carried embodied emptied 注意：以元音字母 + y结尾的动词，直接加-ed，如：played

（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped

（5）不规则动词的过去式（过去分词）变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

原形动词 中文意思 过去式 过去分词

awake 唤醒 awoke / awaked awoke / awaked

bear 忍受 出生 bore born / borne

beat 击打 beat beaten

become 变得 成为 became become

begin 开始 began begun

bite 咬 bit bit / bitten

blow 吹 blew blown

break 打断 broke broken

bring 带来 brought brought

build 建造 built built

burn 燃烧 burnt / burned burnt / burned buy 买 bought bought

catch 抓住 caught caught

choose 选择 chose chosen

come 来 came come

cost 价值 花费 cost cost

cut 切 cut cut

dig 挖 dug dug

do 做 did done

draw 画 drew drawn

dream 做梦 dreamt/dreamed dreamt / dreamed

drink 喝 drank drunk

drive 开车,驾驶 drove driven

eat 吃 ate eaten

fall 落下 fell fallen

feed 喂 fed fed

feel 觉得 felt felt

fight 打仗 fought fought

find 找到 found found

fly 飞 flew flown

forget 忘记 forgot forgot/ forgotten

freeze 冻结 froze frozen

get 得到 got got / gotten

give 给 gave given

go 去 went gone

grow 长大 grew grown

hang 绞死 hanged hanged

hang 悬挂 hung hung

have 有 had had

hear 听 heard heard 初中英语语法专题讲座——动词

37 hide 躲藏 hid hid / hidden

hit 打击 hit hit

hold 抓 拿 held held

hurt 伤害 hurt hurt

keep 保持 kept kept

know 知道 knew known

lay 放 laid laid

lead 领导 led led

learn 学习 learnt / learned learnt / learned

leave 离开 left left

lend 借出 lent lent

let 让 let let

lie 撒谎 lied lied

lie 躺 lay lain

lose 丢失 lost lost

make 制做 made made

mean 意思是 meant meant

meet 遇见 met met

mistake 误解, 弄错 mistook mistaken

misunderstand 误解，误会 misunderstood misunderstood

pay 付钱 paid paid

put 放 put put

read 读 read read

ride 骑 rode ridden

ring 响铃 rang rung

rise 上升 rose risen