第七课aA1…boy and man, I had been through it often before.As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region.2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appaling desolation.But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3….it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly,saddening joke.4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills.The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricksstanding upright.6.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.These brick-like houses were made of shabby,thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.8.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks stillappear pleasing to the eye.9.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having donea lot of hard work and research and aftercontinuous praying.10.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retroapect, become almost diabolical.They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When onelooks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.11.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.12.on certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly…People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Chris- tianstrata, people seem to long for things beautiful. 13.they meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this typeof mind.14….they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top ofit.They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they onlymanaged to make it absolutely intolerable.15.out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hatesbeauty as strongly as it hates truth．第八课1….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom…Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.2.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being.Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.3…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man's reason and skill.All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill.4.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the workhe was doing.5.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticiam,”an answer to man's sense of aloneness andisolation.Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thingthat brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading this kind of ascetic life.6.Work has become alienated from the working person.In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.7. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or pur pose.8…a pay check is not enough to base one's self-respect on.Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.9…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker's psyche,Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.10.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits ifit has better relations with the public.11.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity.The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more high-minded cover for what is reallya vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things. 12….he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces,conscious of the deception involved.第九课1.with a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The 1oud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival ofSummer in Omelas.2…their high calls rising like the swallows' crossing flights over the music and the singing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying byoverhead.3…exercised their restive hoeses befor the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resistingthe control of the riders.4.Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions. After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certainthings.5.These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopian.The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealistsdreaming of a perfect society.6.This is the treason of the artist:a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull anduninteresting.7.They were mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.8.Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination willbe equal to the task.9.The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city.The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.10.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, and neglect.Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because offear, poor nourishment and neglect.11.Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly andtenderly.12.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality,and to accept it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize howjust and fair though terrible reality was.第十课1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle aged.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian slcial structure,…The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4…it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholicsophistication…In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to beworldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,…The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a senseof adventure.6…our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war. 7…they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.8….they had outgrown towns and families…These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9…the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical dogoodism of Prohibition,…The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to thepeople.10.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.11…it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war,Babbitry, and Puritanical gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artisticcentre.12.Each town had its”fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.第十一课1…below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive-feeling…The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of naturalsympathetic feeling for each other.2…at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy andtroublesome people.3….there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor,…There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board ofmanagers (or governing board of a factory).4.It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5.Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show…At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up arather poor weak performance.6….while Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for change's sake,…Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be verywrong and harmful.7.To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility.To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~8.I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning.I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there isa great possibility of Admass winning.9.It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking forstrength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10.They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts.These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11.They can be found, too-though not in largenumbers because the breed is duing out- among crusty High Tories who avoidthe City and directors' fees.They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt,bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.12….they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy.They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy. 13…he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man's self-respect.He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by spongingon people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.14.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling andarguing over some small matter.15….heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away polotics.If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politicsfor they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.第十二课1.It is a complex fate to be an American…The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2…they were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3.We were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5.Europe can be very crippling too…Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.6…it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse.7.A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened.In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of eachother and do not live in fear of losing their position.8.I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.9.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can bevery painful, though very valuable.10.On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will alwayscarry the marks of his origins.11.American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.12.Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people…Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people,though not openly spoken about.第十四课1.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste…Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.2.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends,…New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America.sitcomes cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airwaves from California.Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio andTV programs for California.4. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.5.To win in New York is to be uneasy…A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has wonin the fierce competition).6.nature's pleasures are much qualified in New York.The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7…the city's bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.8.But the purity of a bihemian dedication can be exaggerated.But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9.In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but givesits stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10.The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype,…The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertising.11…those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves in the magazines.Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12.Broadway, which seemed to be succuming to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy andactive.13…he prefers the unhealthy haale and the vitality of urban life.(If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil andanimated life of a city.14.The defeated are not hidden away aomewhere else on the wrong side of town.Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other peoplecan't see them.15.The place constantly exasperates, st times exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.。
Lesson 11．And it is an activity only of humans.And it is a human unique activity．2．Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not to convince others．3．In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to be lose.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are willing to be lose.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.Bar friends are not deeply concerned with each other’s private lives.5....it could still go ignorantly on...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．6. There are cattle in the field, but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle in English, when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef in French．7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class had caused the cultural contradictions between the ruling class and native English by regarding French superior to English.8.English had come royally into its own.English had gained recognition by the King．9．The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase, the king’s English has always been used disrespectfully and made fun by the lower classes.10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.There is still opposition to cultural monopoly.11. There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us”We tend to make the mistake that we regard the things as they represent.12. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. Even the most educated and literated people will not always use the formal English in their conversation．Lesson 21. The burying--ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.The burying-ground is just a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth, looking like a deserted construction land.2.All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.All colonial empires are built by exploiting the local people.3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then they work hard without enough food for a few years. Finally they die and are buried in the hills graves without any mark to identify them.4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lighting speed.A carpenter sits crossing his legs at an old-fashioned lathe, making round chair-legs very fast.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews.Immediately, Jews rushed out of their dark hole-like rooms nearby in a frenzy madness.6.every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.Every one of these Jews considers the cigarette as a somewhat piece of luxury which they can not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.However, a white-skinned European is easy to notice in a fair way.8. In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human being.Against the background of a tropical landscape, people could notice everything but they cannot see local people.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed AreasNo one would propose the cheap trips to the slums．10．...for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.The real life of nine-tenths of the people is that there is no end to their extremely hard work in order to get a little food from an eroded soil．11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she should work like an animal．12.People with brown skins are next door to invisible.People who have brown skins are almost invisible．13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms...The soldiers wore second—hand khaki uniforms which covered their beautiful well—built bodies．14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?How long will it take for them to attack us?15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.It is certain that every white man realized this.Lesson31.And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe... And yet the same revolutionary belief which is the aim of our ancestors is still in dispute around the world.2. This much we pledge--and more.This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.If we are united, there is almost nothing we can not do through a lot of cooperation.4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.But this peaceful revolution which can bring hope in a peaceful way can not fall victims to enemy country.5. .... Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of pace... The United Nations is our last and best hope in the era where means of launching war have far surpassed means of keeping peace.6. ...to enlarge the area in which its writ may run...to increase the area where the UN’s written documents may be effective.7....before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction...before the evil atom weapon made possible by science destroy all human beings in a planned way or by accident.8...yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war... However both trying to change that unstable balance of weapons and this balance of weapons could prevent human beings from launching their final war.9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness...So let us begin once again to realize that politeness does not mean weakness.10. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.I suggest both sides try to use science to make wonders for human beings rather than terrors.11. ...each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.There are Americans from every generation who answer the call of the country to prove their loyalty to the country.12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love...Our certain reward is our good conscience and history will judge our deeds, therefore, let us try to be pioneers in building our beloved country.Unit41.A nice enough young fellow, you understand ,but nothing upstairs.He is a nice enough young fellow,you know , but he is empty-headed.2.Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.A passing fashion or craze ,in my opinion, shows a complete lack of reason.3.I should have known they‟d come back when the Charleston came back.I should have known that raccoon coats would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s,came back.4.“All the Big Men on Campus are wearing them. Where …ve you been?”All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How c ome you don’t know?5.My brain , that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is precision instrument, began to work at high speed.6.With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectly.Except for one thing(intelligence)Polly had all the other requirements.7.She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.8.In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.In fact, she went in the opposite direction,that is , she was not intelligent but rather stupid.9.“ In other words ,if you were out of the picture,the field would be open. Is that right?”If you were no longer involved with her, others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend.10.Back and forth his head swiveled , desire waxing, resolution waning.His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat and then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to abandon Polly became weaker.11.This loomed as a project of no small dimensions...To teach her to think seemed to be a rather big task.12.Admittedly it was not a prospect fraught with hope ,but I decided to give it one more try.One must admit the outcome did not look very hopeful, but I decided to try one more time.13.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear .14.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein , and my monster had me by the throat.I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but I turned out to be Frankenstein because Polly ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan.15.Frantically I fought back the tide of panic surging through me .Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic which was overwhelming me.Unit51.The slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged...At the very mention of this postwar period ,middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was , in any case ,inevitable .In any case,an American could not avoid casting aside middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure...The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4...it was tempted ,in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication...In America at least,the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit...The young found greater pleasure in drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful,added a sense of adventure.6...our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7....they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up.”The young wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole ended.8...they had outgrown towns and families...These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their hometowns or their families.9..the returning veteran also had to face the sodden,Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles,the hypocriticaldo-goodism of Prohibition...The returning veteran also had to face the stupid cynicism of the victorious allies in Versailles who acted as cynically as Napoleon did,and to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”...(Under all this force and pressure)something in the youth of America,who were already very tense ,had to break down.11....it was only natural that hopeful young writers , their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center...It was only natural that hopeful young writers ,whose minds and writings were full of violent anger against war, Babbittry,and “Puritanical”gentility,should come in largen numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.12.Each town had its “fast”set which prided itself on itself on its unconventionality...Each town was proud that it had a group of wild ,reckless people,who lived unconventional lives.Unit61. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste...Nowadays New Yorkers can‟t understand nor follow the taste of the American people and often disagree with American politics.2. New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends...New York is proud that it is a city that resists the prevailing fashion or styles of America and that it remains to be a place where people can escape uniformity.3. ...sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California...Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the live talk show of Johnny Carson now dominate the radio and TV programs in California.4. ... It is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction...New York is making attempts to regain its status as a city that attracts tourists .5. To win in New York is to be uneasy...Even when a person whins in New York ,he may well be anxious and fearful, for he is afraid of losing what he has gained in the coming fierce competition.6. Nature‟ pleasures are much qualified in New York.Since New York is a large and crowed city with a lot of tall buildings ,the chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited here.7. ...the city‟s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.At night, the lights of New York are so proudly bright that the sky seems to be darkened.8. But the purity of a bohemian dedication can be exaggerated.But the pure and wholehearted devotion to a bohemian lifestyle can be overstated.9. In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications headquarters, New York creates very few things but approves many things started by people in other parts of the country.10. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype...The television generation was continually and strongly affected by extravagant promotional advertising.11. ...those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines.Writers producing long serious novels also earn their living by writing articles for popular magazines.12. Boardway, which seemed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again. Boardway,which seemed to be giving up to the cheap ,gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas,now becomes flourishing and busy again.13. The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town.Those who failed in the struggle of life ,the down-and-outs ,do no hide themselves away in slums where other people cannot see them.14. The place constantly exasperates,at times exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but sometimes it also stimulates.Unit71.With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The loud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.2. ..Their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and singsing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.3. ..Exercised their restive horses before the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to startand stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4. Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5. This is the treason of artist: a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and unin teresting.6. They were nature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable pe ople.7. Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion. Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagin ation will be equal to the task.8. The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the way of the city.The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.9. Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition and neglect. Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid b ecause of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.10. Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kin dly and tenderly.11. Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality, and to acce pt it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tearsdry up when they re alize how just and fair though terrible reality was.Unit101. It is a complex fate to be an American.The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2...they were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3...we were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4. I do not think that could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5...it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercour se.6. A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened . In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealo us of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.7. I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.8. This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past c an be very painful, though very valuable.9. On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will al ways carry the marks of his origins.10. American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe. 11..Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people.Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt andtaken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.。
Lesson 11. We're elevated 23 feet. (para3)We're 23 feet above sea level.2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. (para 3) The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can batten down and ride it out. (para 4)We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. (para 9)Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! (para 10)Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems had been killed by water. (para 11)The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. (para17)As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Get us through this mess, will you? (para17)Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. (para 21) Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis had just one delayed reaction. (para 34)Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Lesson 21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelictbuilding-lot. (para2)The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on whicha building was going to be put up.2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard. (para3)They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lighting speed. (para9)Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews. (para10) Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. …every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury. (para10)Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para16)However, a white -skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para16)If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para17)No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poorslum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)．10. …for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil. (para17)life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.(para19)She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para21)People with brown skins are almost invisible．13．Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms,… (para23) The Senegalese soldiers were wearing ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies．14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para25)How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us? 15．Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.(para26)Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white N.C.Os. marching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．Lesson 31．And it is an activity only of human. (para1)And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings．(Animals and birds are not capable of conversation．) 2．Conversation is not for making a point. (para2)Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．3．In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. (para2)In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．4．Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. (para3)People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other's lives．5. …it could still go ignorantly on… (para6)The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．6．There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). (para9)These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we call their meat beef．7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. (para11)The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers．8．English had come royally into its own. (para13)The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. (para15)The phrase，the King's English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes．The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. (para15)There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．11. There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us.” (para18)There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，t he word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal．We mustn't regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself．12. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips andslides in conversation. (para18)Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard，formal English all the time in their conversation．Lesson 41. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe... (para2)Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.2. This much we pledge—and more. (para5)This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. (para6) United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (para9)We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.5. …our last best hope in an age wh ere the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace… (para10)The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.6. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run… (para10)We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.7. …before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction… (para11)Before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned orbrought about by an accident, takes place8. …yet both racing to alte r that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war… (para13)Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness,… (para14)So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness. 10. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.11. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. (para21)Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of ourdeeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love,… (para27)Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.Lesson 71. …boy and man, I had been through it often before. (para1)As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had often travelled through the region.2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation. (para1)But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3. … it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke. (para1) This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve theirlot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.4. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. (para3) The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5. They have taken as their model a brick set on end. (para3)The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.6. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. (para3)These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (para4)When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.8. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity. (para4)Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.9. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (para5)I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.10. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical. ( para5)They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked. When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.11. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. (para6)It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because theydid not know what beautiful houses were like.12. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly,… (para7)People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.13. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. (para7)These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.14. …they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it. (para8)They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.15. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. (para9) From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．最新文件仅供参考已改成word文本。
Lesson One1.And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.2.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.}People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his ownlanguage.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8.English had come royally into its own.(English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.a.《b.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anythingthat deserves the name of conversation.不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。
