上海交通大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题It is very kind of you to offer, but any more pudding would simply be （） .问题1选项A.exceptionalB.excessiveC.abundantD.ample【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。

exceptional"例外的;异常的"; excessive"过多的;极度的"; abundant"丰富的,多产的"; ample"丰富的,足够的"。

句意：你给的刚刚好, 再多一点布丁都显得太过分了。

选项B符合句意。

When he left high school, he （） to go to college and study for a degree, rather than get a job straight away.问题1选项A.optedB.forwentC.indulgedD.excelled【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。

opt选择，opt to do sth.指选择做某事；forwent摒弃，放弃；indulge沉溺，放纵，后面一般接介词in；excelled超过，一般与at或in搭配。

句意：高中毕业后，他选择上大学攻读学位，而不是直接找工作。

选项A符合句意。

3.单选题I （） the justice and fought against corruption at my best.问题1选项A.confirmedB.upheldC.overwhelmedD.established【答案】B【解析】confirmed确认, 坚定; uphold支持, 维护; overwhelmed压倒, 淹没; established制定, 建立。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题She hesitated for a （） of a second before accepting his challenge to a game of tennis.问题1选项A.fictionB.functionC.frictionD.fraction【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。

fiction小说;function功能;friction摩擦;fraction部分。

a fraction of意为"一小部分, 零点几", 为固定搭配。

句意：在接受他的网球挑战之前, 她犹豫了片刻。

所以选项D正确。

2.单选题From the living room and family auto to the supermarket and office, it's impossible to escape the electronic revolution that is（） the way people live and work.问题1选项A.resumingB.transformingC.preparingD.seeking 【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。

resuming重新开始, 继续;transforming 转化, 转变;preparing准备;seeking 寻找, 谋求。

句意：从起居室和家用汽车到超市和办公室, 人们不可能逃脱正在改变人们生活和工作方式的电子革命。

选项B符合句意。

3.单选题I can't （）my eager when I hear of people being cruel to animals.问题1选项A.restrainB.alleviateC.deteriorateD.relieve【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

restrain"抑制,控制"; alleviate"减轻,缓和"; deteriorate"恶化,变坏";relieve"解除,减轻"。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He was very intelligent, but he （） the requirement for a manager.问题1选项A.fell short ofB.ran short ofC.ran out ofD.froze out of【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。

fell short of达不到, 缺乏;ran short of快用完了;ran out of用完;froze out of不是词组。

句意：他很聪明, 但达不到管理职位的要求。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题Plastic sheeting should be wrapped around the tree in winner to（） it from the wind and the frost.问题1选项A.recoverB.shieldC.shadeD.rescue 【答案】B【解析】recover from恢复; shield与from庇护,使免遭……; shade不与from搭配, rescue from 从...中营救。

句意：应该用塑料布把树裹起来, 以防止风和霜冻。

选项B符合句意。

3.单选题Do you know the fact that broad bean contain （） that must be destroyed by cooking them at high temperature before eating them?问题1选项A.flakeB.aromaC.etherD.toxin【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。

flake"小薄片，火花";aroma"芳香, 香味";ether"乙醚" ;toxin"毒素"。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The lease is （） in saying that the rent must be paid in dollars by the 20th of every month. 问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.conspicuousD.distinctive【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。

explicit"详述的, 明确的";implicit"含蓄的'conspicuous "显著的";distinctive "有特色的, 与众不同的", 一般接介词of。

句意：契约上明确规定房租必须在每月20日前以美元支付。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK $3 000 000's worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. As a result of this "shrinkage" as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateurs, and the people who just can't help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts.The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of ship-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age sickness or plain absent- mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops.In order to prevent the growth on ship-lifting offences, some stores, in fact are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in anther form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999 999 passengers much subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years' time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body- search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!1.Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops?2.The third group of people steal things because they （） .3.According to the passage law-abiding citizens（） .4.Which of the following is NOT true about the main types of shop-lifting?5.The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that （） .问题1选项A.There is a "shrinkage" in market values.B.Many goods are not available.C.Goods in many shops lack variety.D.There are many cases of shop-lifting.问题2选项A.are mentally illB.are quite absent-mindedC.can not resist the temptationD.can not afford to pay for the goods问题3选项A.can possibly steal things because of their povertyB.can possibly take away goods without payingC.have never stolen goods from the supermarketsD.are difficult to be caught when they steal things问题4选项A.A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the professional.B.The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught.C.People would expect that those who can't help themselves from stealing are poor.D.The professionals don't cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives.问题5选项A."the professionals do not pose much of problem for the stores"B.some people "simply forget to pay for what take from the shops"C."the honest public has to pay higher prices"D.the third type of shop-lifters are dangerous people【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节判断题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I can't possibly mark your homework; your handwriting is （） .问题1选项A.illogicalB.illiterateC.illusiveD.illegible【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。

illogical 不合逻辑的；illiterate不识字的，文盲的；illusive错觉的，虚假的；illegible 难辨认的，字迹模糊的。

句意：我无法给你的作业打分，因为你的笔迹难以辨认。

选项D 符合句意。

2.单选题The color and smell of water in these rivers（） itself how serious the pollution is but many people are still ignoring he fact.问题1选项A.illustratesB.demonstratesC.manifestsD.exemplifies 【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析题。

manifest oneself "显现, 显露";illustrate "说明, 阐明";demonstrate "举行示威游行（或集会）;说明";exemplify"例示，举例证明"。

句意：这些河水的颜色和气味表明了污染的严重性，但是许多人仍然忽视了这个事实。

选项C更恰当。

3.单选题Watching news program at night has become an （） part of the lives of most people in big cities.问题1选项A.automotiveB.instructiveC.unconventionalD.integral【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题To some people, the greatest pleasure of life is to spend their time at home watching TV and （） their pets.问题1选项A.strokingB.desiringC.modelingD.flattering【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。

stroke"轻抚, 抚摸";desire "希望, 渴望" ;model "做模特;制作模型"; flatter"奉承;谄媚"。

句意：对某些人来说，生活中最大的乐趣是花时间在家里看电视和抚摸他们的宠物。

选项A 符合句意。

2.单选题Watching news program at night has become an （） part of the lives of most people in big cities.问题1选项A.automotiveB.instructiveC.unconventionalD.integral【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。

automotive自动的；instructive有教育意义的；unconventional不按照惯例的；integral完整的，不可或缺的。

句意：晚上看新闻节目已经成为大多数城市人生活中不可或缺的一部分。

选项D符合句意。

3.单选题How many things can you see in the night sky? A lot! On a clear night you might see the Moon, some planets, and thousands of sparkling stars,You can see even more with a telescope. You might see stars where before you only saw dark space. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue. With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky. And you can see those objects in more and more details.But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We won't see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year. That's because they're invisible. They're the mysterious dead stars called black holes.You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn't seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years. As a star's gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.As the star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star ends up as a cold, dark ball called a black dwarf. If the star was very big, it keeps squashing inward until it's packed together tighter than anything in the universe.Imagine if the Earth were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble. That's how tightly this dead star, a black hole is packeD.What pulls the star in toward its center with such power? It's the same force that pulls you down when you jump—the force called gravity. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything—even light. The light from black hole can never come back to your eyes. That's why you see nothing but blackness. So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember： there's more in the sky than meets the eyes! Scattered in the silent darkness are black holes—the great mystery of space.1.According to the article, what causes a star to die?2.Which of the following statements is NOT a fact?3.What happens AFTER a star dies?4.Why can't you see light when you look at a black hole?5.What is the main idea of the article?问题1选项A.As its gases run out, it cools down.B.It collides with other stars.C.It can only live for about a million years.D.As it gets hotter and hotter, it explodes.问题2选项A.Black holes are dead stars.B.Black holes have gravity.C.Black holes are invisible.D.There is nothing as mysterious as a black hole.问题3选项A.It becomes invisible.B.It falls to Earth.C.It burns up all of its gases.D.It becomes brighter and easier to see.问题4选项A.Because most black holes are so far away.B.Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward.C.Because as the star's gases burn, it stops giving off heat and light.D.Because as a star cools, its outer layers pull in toward its center.问题5选项A.The future of our Sun billions of years from now.B.The difference between our Sun and a dead star.C.The mystery of black holes in the universe.D.The sparkling and dying stars in the sky.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Ideas （） from one's own experience are sometimes more valuable than those from books.问题1选项A.derivedB.deprivedC.retreatedD.restored【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。

derive from"来自……"；deprive"剥夺，使丧失"，后面一般接介词of；retreat"撤退"；restore"归还，使恢复"。

句意：人的经验之谈有时比书本里的话更有价值。

选项A正确。

2.单选题The love that （） takes up residence in the soul and helps complete us.问题1选项A.standsB.bearsC.endureD.lengthens 【答案】C【解析】stand"忍受,抵抗";bear"忍受,支撑"; endure"持续,忍耐"; lengthen"变长,延长"。

句意：爱持续占据灵魂, 使我们变得完整。

选项C符合句意。

3.单选题Poverty and domestic violence make it easy for her to trust that bad things will happen and take this （） happiness away.问题1选项A.adversaryB.vulgarC.fragileD.superfluous【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。

adversary敌手，对手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous 多余的。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The court ruled that John was （） in hitting the man in self-defense punished.问题1选项A.justifiedB.accusedC.approvedD.admitted【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。

justified证明...正当；accused指责，控告；approved认可；admitted承认。

句意：法院裁决John被证明打人是正当防卫而受到惩罚。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题Do you know the fact that broad bean contain （） that must be destroyed by cooking them at high temperature before eating them?问题1选项A.flakeB.aromaC.etherD.toxin 【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。

flake"小薄片，火花";aroma"芳香, 香味";ether"乙醚" ;toxin"毒素"。

句意：你知道吗？蚕豆含有毒素，吃之前必须用高温烹煮。

选项D符合句意。

3.单选题Anesthetics are substances（） to deaden pain or produce a condition in which some or all of the senses, especially touch, stop functioning or are reduced.问题1选项A.divertedB.enforcedC.exercisedD.administered【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。

divert"转移"；enforce"实施，执行"，常指法律的实施；exercise"运动，练习" ；administer"管理，作为治疗或药物使用"。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The Maya civilization reached its period of greatest development about A.D.250 and continued to （） for hundreds of years.问题1选项A.thriveB.flourishC.prevailD.popularize【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。

thrive繁荣, 兴旺, 主要指生长得健壮;flourish繁荣, 兴旺, 指健康地成长发展或处于发展的高峰;prevail盛行, 战胜;popularize普及, 推广。

句意：玛雅文明大约在公元250年达到了其最伟大的发展时期, 并持续繁荣了数百年。

所以选项B更合适。

2.单选题Can you explain this （） of ten years in your job history which you have not accounted for? 问题1选项A.interruptionB.gapC.splitD.paring【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。

interruption"中断, 干扰";gap"缺口,差距,间隔";split"劈裂,裂缝;paring"削皮"。

选项中只有gap可以表示时间的间隔。

句意：你能解释一下在你的工作经历中你没有解释的十年空白期吗? 选项B正确。

3.单选题As many as one in four U. S. workers may be chronically angry on the job, with angry employees also more likely to be bored, have low energy and feel "stuck" in their posts, according to a report Tuesday. Employees are most likely to be angered by a boss or supervisor by a fellow employee or by others in the workplace not being productive, by tight deadlines or by heavy workloads, said Donald Gibson, a professor at the Yale School of Management."A turbulent economic environment that has produced, on the one hand, productivity and growth and, on the other, wrenching change and uncertainty, has buffeted the workplace," the report saiD."While a majority of employees are responding to these conditions with reports of workplace satisfaction there remain a substantial portion who are dissatisfied, even angry, at work," it addeD."Most visibly, anger is linked to workplace aggression, which appears to be increasing: We are weekly confronted with stories of workers taking aggressive, even violent, action particularly against supervisors." The survey found that 25 percent of those contacted said they were at least somewhat angry at work on a continuing basis. Angry employees tend to have less energy and interest in the job, and tend also to be bored, according to Gibson. And angry employees tend to feel"stuck"in the joB.The study did not speculate on what percentage of angry workers are likely to resort to violence. It did find that they feel less loyal to an employer. There have been a number of workplace shootings in the United States over the years, most recently rampages in Georgia and Alabama which left 12 dead.1.What's the meaning of "stuck"in Line 2 ParA.1?2.According to the passage, the angry workers are more likely to do the following EXCEPT （） .3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause for anger?4.What can you infer from the passage?5.Which is best fit for the title?问题1选项A.AttractedB.TrappedC.PuzzledD.Irritated问题2选项A.quit their jobsB.feel boredomC.have less loyaltyD.resort to violence问题3选项A.Great pressure.B.Less motion.C.Fear and uncertainty.D.Quarrel with a boss or other employees.问题4选项A.A considerable number of angry workers develop their angel into aggression.B.The relationship between the worker and the boss is the primary reason for anger at work.C.Angry workers are more likely to lose their jobs than others as a result.D.Economic environment might be the root cause for the feeling of anger at work.问题5选项A.The Increasing Violence of Angry Workers.B.Chronic Anger in U. S. Workplace.C.The Cause for Angry Workers.D.The Conflict between Capital and Labor.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.语义题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A sensitive person is one who is easily hurt or （） by things that people do or say.问题1选项A.offendedB.woundedC.stimulatedD.motivated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

offend"冒犯;进攻"; wound"伤害,受伤"; stimulate"刺激,鼓舞";motivate"承受,具有,支撑"。

根据or可以推断填空处应与hurt意思相近。

wound一般指外伤, 伤口, 不符合句意, 所以选项A正确。

句意：敏感的人很容易被别人的言行伤害或冒犯。

试题答案A2.单选题I （） the justice and fought against corruption at my best.问题1选项A.confirmedB.upheldC.overwhelmedD.established【答案】B【解析】confirmed确认, 坚定; uphold支持, 维护; overwhelmed压倒, 淹没; established制定, 建立。

句意：我维护正义, 尽我最大的努力与腐败作斗争。

选项B符合句意。

3.单选题Competitors from more than a hundred countries have （）in Los Angeles for the Olympic Games. 问题1选项A.denouncedB.convergedC.detachedD.sprawled【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。

denounced谴责，揭发，声明...无效；converged聚集，齐聚；detached分离的；sprawled平躺的。