高考语法梳理

高三语法重点梳理一、三大从句定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句）连接词：what 不能用于定语从句which 在名词性从句中意为“哪一个”技巧: 1. 快速浏览选项，确定出题意图 2. 把握从句成分的缺失（主、宾、表、状）定语从句1. Last March, a deadly earthquake and tsunami struck Japan, causing a nuclear disaster,whose shadows many Japanese are still living in.Or :…disaster, of which the shadows many Japanese….Or:… disaster, the shadows of which many Japanese….Or: …disaster, and many Japanese are still living in its shadows.（注意：定语从句的关系代词如whose, that, which, who等既起到代词的作用，也起到连词的作用。

）Part of Britain was stricken by snowstorms, from whose effects most passengers in Heathrow were suffering a lot.2. One example of cybercrime is hacking, where users’ computers are illegally accessed.Everyone will go through life’s stages of ups and downs, when self-respect plays a key role in the maturity of a person. （注意从句成分的缺失，在既不缺主语也不缺宾语，句子貌似完整的情况下，考虑是否缺状语。

）3. The government officials met the workers and engineers working on the stadium, most ofwhom were migrant workers.(在定语从句中，在介词后指物只用which, 指人只用whom)4. When the Spring Festival comes, there are many ―sales‖ in my city, during which time scoreswill lower their normal prices. （类似情况：in which case，by which means等）5. Without facts, we can’t form a correct opinion, for we need to have actual knowledge onwhich to base our thinking. ( to base our thinking on actual knowledge)6. She is doing her work the way I like it done. 表‖…的方式‖, the way (in which/ that )7. Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.（主语）Such ideas as he hits on are worthless （宾语）I bought the same watch as he had. ( 宾语)The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking.When lost in reading, as he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.Cf: Oct.1st, which is the National day of China, is celebrated by….Note: 1) 在非限制定语从句中，as 通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。

且所处位置较灵活。

2) as 引导的非限制性定语从句通常与一些固定搭配连用，表示“正如”，如：as is often the case, as is well known to all, as often happens, as is mentioned above, as is vividly described / illustrated in the picture, as is expected….强调句与定语从句1.It is in this very village, where Lily was born 30 years ago, that she will build her first artschool, which involves many people to help her.2.It is the hotel located in the downtown that he applied to for a job. (= which is located in)3.–Where did you buy this beautiful skirt?-- It was in the shop where my mother is working. （定语从句，在母亲工作的店里）总结：定语从句起修饰功能，“…的”；强调句则更凸显主句要反映的事情）定语从句与同位语从句1.He came to the decision that he must act at once. （同位语从句，表前面名词的内容，从句不缺成分）2.He made a decision that was agreed on by his partners. (定语从句，修饰前面的名词，从句缺少成分，如主语)状语从句1. Jose cupped his hands together to cover his mouth for fear that other people would see him cry.状语从句特殊连词：on condition that 倘若providing / provided that如果supposing that 假设seeing that / considering that…考虑到，有鉴于now that既然，由于in that 因为for fear of / for fear that唯恐in case / in case of 万一lest (that)以免2. It cost her much to have broken the law, I wonder why she stole things when she could easily afford them. （when: since，if 既然）when, while, as 的特殊含义：when 强调事情发生的突然性, 常与be about to do…when; be on the point of doing; be on the way to doing…when …等连用。

while强调“在…期间”，在一段时间内; as 强调“一边…一边”。

特殊用法：when可表“既然，明明…‖; while 表示对比关系，也可表转折，相当于although, despite/ in spite of (the fact that)…等；as 也可表转折, 但需倒装，如：Try as she might, …放在句首时，as 表因为，随着（As time goes by/ With time going by）3. Every time he came to see me, he would bring me some good news. （状语从句）(表示一…就… : the moment / the instant/ the minute; immediately/ instantly/ directly;每当：every time/ each time; 第一次：the first time 这些词都是名词转义做连词）4. Whitney Houston’s sudden death suggests that drug abuse is such a serious problem as we should deal with properly. (定语从句)Whitney Houston’s sudden death…is such a serious problem that we should deal with it properly. （状语从句）5. His behavior was such that everyone was angry. (此处such 为代词)=His behavior was such as to make everyone angry.6. Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.7.倍数比较（1）Statistics show that men have twice as many serious accidents as women do whatever vehicles they drive.(2) Music has always been as much a part of her life as her work. (联想：as tall a boy as)(3) The body of the plane is more than twice the weight of its wings. (此处more than= over)基本结构：倍数+the size/ weight / height of倍数+ as big/ much/ high as倍数+ bigger/ more/ higher than…名词性从句1.– What has made him look like lacking sleep?-- That his wife is ill and he has to get up several times a night to attend to her.（答句为问句的省略：That his wife is ill and…has made him look …主语从句）（在名词性从句中，that 只起连接主句和从句的功能，并不充当任何成分，也无意义）2. (1) Most of wha t we call geniuses are successful only because they have made extraordinaryefforts. （作宾语）(2) She is what is known as a nosy person—she is always dying to know what’s going on inothers’ lives. (what= the person that/who) (3) The policeman arrested the suspect in a nearby city after what was about ten days.（what = the time that ，作主语）(4) The researcher haven’t found what effect the medicine will have on our health.(作定语，什么样的影响)(5) Finally, they reached what was a farmland before. (作主语what = the place that)Finally, they reached where a lot of unique animals lived. (where在该宾语从句中作状语，相当于定语从句中的where=(in) the place where) 小结：在名词性从句中，what表“所…的”，相当于定语从句中的“先行词+关系代词that/which；在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语。