Unit5（教案）现代大学英语第二册QuickFixSocietyUnit 5 Quick Fix societyI. Teaching ObjectivesThrough learning this passage can students：Know something about the authorLearn some background information about Pennsylvania Dutch TownLearn some useful words, phrases and expressionsLearn the writing devices in expositionLearn the pros and cons of the rapid paced society through text appreciation and debate II. Teaching ContentsPennsylvania Dutch townText appreciation and analysisWriting techniques of expositionDebate in classIII. Teaching FocusBackground informationWriting device of expositionDebate in classIV Teaching TechniquesLecturing, group discussion, debateStepⅠBackground information(10minutes)I Background Information1. Fast Roads in the U.S.Highways: connect citiesSuperhighways: a road with six or more lanesInterstate highways: connect cities in different statesFreeways: roads within a cityExpressways: fast roads in or near citiesTurnpike: pay money before you use it2. Pennsylvania Dutch TownLocationThe heart of the Pennsylvania Dutch Country is Lancaster County. It is located in south central Pennsylvania, one and half hours west of Philadelphia. Most of the Amish Country attractions are in Lancaster County, and almost all of the local Amish people live here as well.People: AmishThe Amish are a religious group who live in settlements in 22 states of the U.S. and Ontario, Canada. The oldest group of Old Order Amish, about 16,000—18,000 people live in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The Amish stress humility, family and community, and separation from the world.Amish’s beliefsThe Amish was part of the early Anabaptist movement in Europe, which took place at the time of the Reformation. The Anabaptists believed that only adults who had confessed their faith should be baptized, and that they should remain separate from the larger society. They also believe in non-resistance and basic Bible doctrines.Amish’s lifesty leThese people as a whole are not as materialistic as modern society today. They do not use electricity or modern conveniences.Amish men have beards, but not mustaches.Most Amish are trilingual: dialect of German, High German and English.Old Order children attend one-room schools through the eighth grade.They are a private people who believe God has kept them together. They are a strong example of a community that supports and cares for its members. They are a people apart; they are also a people together.Antique shopping (Para. 2)Pennsylvania Dutch town is called “Sunday Antiques Capital of the United States”. Over 3,000 antique dealers gather here to display and sell their merchandise.Antique shopping (Para. 2)Pennsylvania Dutch town is called “Sunday Antiques Capital of the United States”. Over 3,000 antique dealers gather here to display and sell their merchandise.Outlet shopping (Para. 2)Here, you’ll find over 240 factory outlet stores featuring nam e brands and quality merchandise prices at reduced prices.3. Cliff’s NotesCliff’s notes are a series of reference books written to help undergraduate students to understand and appreciate important literary works.With such notes, students don’t hav e to read the work itself and be able to write papers and take exams.4. Civil WarCivil War was the war from 1861 to 1865 fought between the northern and southern states. The Civil War battlefield mentioned in paragraph 2 is the battlefield of famous Gettysburg battle in July, 1863. At Gettysburg, Union army defeated Confederate army. This victory is the turning point of the Civil War. After the campaign, on November 19, President Lincoln delivered the well-known Gettysburg Address.5. BeethovenLugwig Van Beethoven is one of the greatest composers in the world.His famous symphonies include: No. 5 (Fate); No. 6 (Pastoral); No. 9 (Choral)6. USA TodayUSA Today is one of the most popular daily national newspapers serving the interest of a general public in the United States.II Text AppreciationDiscuss the following questions or topics.1) If you agree that people are getting too impatient and too obsessed with the quick fix for everything, what examples would you give to illustrate your point? (Base your observations on your experience in China. ) How is it reflected in our transportation and communication? How is it shown in our eating habits? Does it affect our consumption habits as well as our production? How about entertainment or amusement? Are our reading, writing, learning habits also changed? What has this "fast-fix" attitude done to our human relationships? Has it caused health problems? Has it reduced our capacity for enjoying life?2) If you disagree with the author and think that the desire for speed is basically good, how would you defend your position?Text Analysis1. Theme:Let’s slow down and enjoy what nature offers us and what mankind has left us and rediscover life.2.Structure:Part 1 (Paras. 1—3 ): Her ride on fast roads and her return trip of a country roadPart 2 (Paras. 4-6 ): Now instead of later Faster instead ofslower Superficially instead of thoroughlyPart 3 (Paras. 7--8 ): Slow down and rediscover life3. Further DiscussionWhy did the writer take the turnpikes and inters tates? Did they have any fun on the way? ?Why did the writer take another way back? How did she feel this time?What is the attitude of modern people to do everything? How does it affect our life??Why did the author write this article? Was she suggesting we stop using all time-saving techniques and products?4 Sentence Paraphrase1. For four hours, our only real amusement consisted of counting exit signs and wondering what it would feel like to hold still again. (Para. 1)---The 4-hour drive on fast roads was tedious; the only fun we had was to count the exit signs we were passing and to figure out how we’d feel if we stopped again.2. Getting there certainly didn’t seem like half the fun; in fact, getting there wasn’t any fun at all. (Para. 1)---We had expected that our ride to West Virginia would be fun, and that half of the fun we’d get from the trip would come from it. But we were wrong. It wasn’t fun at all.3. We toured a Civil War battlefield and stood on the little hill that fifteen thousand Confederate soldiers had tried to take on another hot July afternoon, one hundred and twenty-five years ago, not knowing that half of them would get killed in the vain attempt. (Para. 2)---We visited a Civil War battlefield and stood on the little hill. One hundred and twenty-five years ago, on a hot July afternoon, 15,000 soldiers fighting for slavery, while trying tooccupy the hill, had no idea that they would fail and that half of them would bekilled in the battle.4. We stuffed ourselves with spicy salad s and homemade bread in an “all-you-can-eat” farmhou se restaurant, then wandered outside to enjoy the sunshine and the herds of cows—no little dots this time—lying in it. (Para. 2)---We had a meal in a farmhouse restaurant where for a certain amount of money you could eat as much as you wanted, and we fed ourselves with lots of spicy salads and homemade bread. After the meal, we walked leisurely outdoors to enjoy the sunshine and watch the herds of cows—this time they did not seem like little dots—lying in the sunshine.5. And we returned home refreshed, revitalized, and reeducated. (Para. 2)---When we got home, we not only felt fresh and energetic, but also felt that we had experienced a new way of life.6. In fact, most Americans are constantly in a hurry—and not just to get from Point A to Point B. Our country has become a nation in search of the quick fix—in more ways than one. (Para.3)---In fact, most Americans are always in a rush. People are not only trying to find the fast way to get around from place to place, but also looking for ways of getting things done quickly in various aspects of life.7. Once upon a time, Americans understood the principle of deferred gratification. We puta little of each paycheck away “for a rainy day”. (Para. 4)---In the past, Americans were patient to have their desires satisfied. We saved a little money each time we got paid in casewe might need it in the future.8. If we wanted a new sofa or a week at a lakeside cabin, we saved up for it, and the banks helped us out by providing special Christmas Club and Vacation Club accounts. (Para. 4) ---If we wanted to buy some new furniture or spend a week at a lakeside, we could open special accounts at the banks to save money for it.9. and if we are in a hurry to lose weight, we try the latest miracle diet, guaranteed to tak e away ten pounds in ten days… unless we’re rich enough to afford liposuction. (Para. 4) ---If we want to lose weight quickly, we try the most recent miracle diet which is said to be effective and is sure to make us lose a pound per day. If we are rich enough to pay for the operation, we can have our unneeded fat removed from our bodies.10. We like our information fast, too: messages flashed on a computer screen, documents faxed from your telephone to mine, current events in 90-second bursts on Eyewitness News, history reduced to “Bicentennial Minutes”. (Para. 5)---For information, we also want to get it fast by skimming through what is offered on the web. Documents are faxed to one person from another. We are informed of what is happening at home and abroad through TV programs through which we get very brief accounts of current events. We learn the history of the past 200 years quickly from “Bicentennial Minutes”.11. Even our personal relationships have become compressed. Instead of devoting large parts of our days to our loved ones, we replace them with something called “quality time”, which, more often than not, is no time at all. (Para. 6) ---Even our personal relationships are affected. Instead ofspending much of our time with our loved ones, we now talk about giving them full attention in the limited time after work. But usually we have no time to do that at all.12. As we rush from book to music to news item to relationship, we do not realize that we are living our lives by the iceberg principle—paying attention only to the top and ignoring the 8/9 that lies just below the surface. (Para. 6)---When we rush through books, music, news and relationship, we are paying attention to the surface and will never get into the heart of anything.13. When did it all begin, this urge to do it now, to get it over with, to skim the surface of life? (Para. 7)---When did this quick-fix lifestyle/attitude toward life begin?14. But I am saying that all of us need to think more seriously about putting the brakes on our “we-want-it-all-and-we-want-it-nor” lifestyle before we speed completely out of control. (Para.8)---But what I do want to say is this: before we go too far, all of us need to think seriously about changing our lifestyle of seeking a quick fix in our lives.III Language StudyWords:1. advocatev. to publicly support an idea or a plann. someone who strongly and publicly supports someone or somethingExamples:He advocates building more schools.The re is no point advocating high salaries for teachers unless we can do it.He is a tireless advocate of political reform.2. antiqueadj. being old and therefore valuablen. an old object such as a piece of furniture or jewellery that is valuable because it is rare, beautiful, or well madeExamples:It is an antique rosewood desk.The palace is full of priceless antiques.3. compressv. a. to press or squeeze something so that it fits into a smaller spaceb. to write something in fewer wordsc. to make a process last for a shorter time than usualExamples:The machine compresses old cars into blocks of scrap metal.Try to compress your notes so that they are easier to learn.You’d better compress two months’ work into one.4. condensev. a. to cause (a gas or vapor) to change to a liquidb. to remove water from (milk, for example)c. to make a piece of writing shorter by removing some partsExamples:Steam condensed on the bathroom mirror.condensed milk(炼乳)condensed story(缩写本)5. deferv. to delay something until a later datedefer to sb./sth(formal) to agree to accept someone’s opinion or decision because you have respect for that person.Examples:Let’s defer the decision for a few weeks.I will defer to Mr. Walter on this point.defer, postpone, delayDefer implies an intentional delaying.Postpone implies an intentional deferring, commonly until a definite time.Delay causes to be behind scheduleI __defrred__ paying the bills.The bus wa s __delayed__ by a cloudburst.We would like to __postphne__ your appointment until Saturday.6. depositn. a. a first payment that you make when you agree to buy something expensive such as a car or house.b. an amount of money you pay when you rent something that is returned to you when you stop renting itc. an amount of money that you pay into a bank accountd. a layer of metal that has formed in soil or rockExamples:We put down a deposit on a house last week.You will have to pay one month’s rent in advance, plus a deposit of $500.I’d like to make a deposit, please.Rich mineral deposits have been discovered in the area.7. guaranteev. a. to promise sth. will happenb. to make sth. certainn. a. an agreement that if sth. you buy does not work, it will be repaired or replacedb. a formal and firm promise that sth. will be done or will happen.Examples:The government guaranteed to free the captives.The rain guarantees a good crop this year.The new television had a guarantee with it.Is there a guarantee of work after training?8. outletn. a. a shop or a place where a particular product is soldb. a way of expressing strong feelings that you would normally not express Examples:Most of their sales are through traditional retail outlets.He plays basketball as an outlet for stress.9. refreshv. to make someone feel less tired or less hot refresh one’s memory to make someone remember something refresh someone’s drink to add more of an alcoholic drink to someone’s glass.Examples:A shower will refresh you.I looked at the map to refresh my memory of the route.Can I refresh your drink?10. revitalizev. to put new strength or power into sth.Example:They hope to revitalize the neighborhood by providing better housing.11. scalelarge scale大规模evolutionary scale进化等级the bathroom scales浴室磅秤the scale on a thermometer温度计上的刻度Richter scale里氏震级a scale of 1∶250 1∶250的比例尺scales of fish鱼鳞12. skimv. a. to remove floating fat or solids from the surface of a liquidb. to read something quickly to find the main facts or ideas in itc. to move along quickly, nearly touching a surfaceExamples:After simmering the meat and vegetables skim the fat off from the surface.Just skim through the second section to save time.The swallows were skimming over the water.Phrases and Expressions:1. agree with sb.If something agrees with you, it doesn’t make you feel ill.Examples:Stop ta king the medicine if it doesn’t agree with you.I find that country life really agrees with me.2. as manythe same number as another particular numberExample:Those coolies were great. I could eat as many again.3. can’t wait to do sth. = can hardly wait to do sth.to be very excited about something or keen to do itExample:I can’t wait to go to school then: I will be a big kid, and I’llmake friends andlearn so much at school.4. get sth. over with (把做完了事)to do and finish something difficult that you have to doExamples:I’ll speak first if you like—I’d rather get it over with quickly.He looked upon the marriage ceremony as a mere formality—something to be got over with as quickly as possible.5. help out救助，协助（渡过难关）to help somebody in a difficult situationExamples:Who is helping out in the garden this afternoon?I’ve often helped Bob out when he has been a bit short of money.6. linger over/onto stay somewhere a little longer, especially because you do not want to leave Examples:They lingered over coffee and missed the last bus.She let her eyes linger on him.7. more often than not = as often as noton most occasionsExamples:Nancy comes over on Saturday more often than not.More often than not, the argument could have been avoided.all too often: used for saying that something makes you sad or upset because it happens more often than you think it should All too often, parents leave their children home alone.every so often: sometimes, but not frequently8. off the rackoff-the-rack (AmE)/ off-the-peg (BrE)ready madeExamples:It was only a cheap suit, bought off the rack/off the peg.on the rack: in a difficult situation that you cannot deal with The interviewer’s questions pu t the President on the rack.9. put away 处理掉(吃,把...收好,拿开,排斥)Examples:My grandfather had put away over $100,000.Put away all your books on the desk. The guest might come any time.Please put all negative thoughts away.The boy put away the dinner in just a few minutes.10. put brakes on使停顿put a brake on/ put the brakes on sth.to stop sth. that is happeningExamples:The high level of debt continued to put a brake on economic recovery.The town government put the brakes on all these projects by giving them less money.11. save sb. the trouble of doing sth.to make somebody able to avoid extra effort or workExample:Fast-food restaurants are popular because they save people the trouble of cooking.12. save upto keep or store something so that you can use it in the futureExamples:The y are saving up for a new car.She spent all the money I have saved up for our trip.13. stuff witha. to fill sb. with food until one is not hungryb. to fill a container or space with sth., especially sth. softExamples:They stuff the children with f ood.The bed was stuffed with cotton so it was very soft.IV Word Formation and GrammarWord Formation:1. Prefix—super-: more, larger, greater, or more powerful than usualsuperego超我superficial肤浅的superhero超级英雄supernatural超自然的superstructure上层建筑superstore大型商场supertanker巨型油轮2. Prefix—pre-a. before someone or sth. b. in preparationprecedent先例，前例preface前言premature早熟的precaution预防措施preconception预想precondition前提，先决条件preview（电影等）预演，预映3. Root—centenarycentennial (AmE)/centenary (BrE):adj. 一百周年纪念的n.一百周年纪念centenary一百周年纪念bicentenary二百周年纪念tercentenary三百周年纪念quatercentenary 四百周年纪念quincentenary 五百周年纪念Grammar:GerundDefinition: Gerund is used as a noun, but like a verb it can take an object.Example:For four hours, our only real amusement consisted of counting exit signs and wondering what it would feel like to hold still again.1. Now it’s no use your saying anything, Mother—I’ve made up my mind.---Saying: Gerund as subject2. … all we are good at is saving time… not spending time.---Saving and spending: Gerund as predicative3. Why doesn’t everybody try slowing down and exploring the countryside?---Here the “Gerund” as object4. The scene is set in the comfortable, well furnished living room of an American upper-class family, the Kents.---Here the “Gerund” as attribut ive modifier.5. After all, why waste 45 minutes listening to the whole thing when someone else has saved us the trouble of picking out the best parts?---“Gerund” as apposition to “trouble”V. AssignmentFinish the exercises after the text in the textbook.VI. Debate1. IS the fast speed in our life good or not?2. Divide the students into 5 groups and ask them to debate.VII. Reference Answer1. Word Formation1) Study the following words and find out what the following prefixes mean:The prefix “super-” means ____________________________________.The prefix “pre-” means ______________________________________.The prefix “micro-“ means:_____________________________________The prefix “bi-“ means: ________________________________________The prefix “inter-“means: ______________________________________2)Translate into Chinese the words in bold type:(1 超人(2 超级明星；超自然的(3) 洲际的；超级公路(4) 预计；芯片/集成电路；超级计算机(5) 半月刊; 预先安排好的(6) 工业化前的；微生物学；显微镜(7) 学前的；史前的(8) 预先确定的(9) 过早的；先决条件(10) 互相关联的；互动3）Study the following compound words:an “all-you-can-eat” farm restaurant;a “we-want-it-all-and-we-want-it-now” lifestyle;an “I-hate-to-wait” kind of attitude; ;a wait-and-see policy;an “I- told –you- so” kind of look;4) Give the adjective forms of the following nouns and verbs.1) attentive2) personal3) convenient4) symbolic5) favorable, favorite6) true, truthful7) impatient8) weighty9) informative10) devoted11) massive12) moved, moving13) medical, medicinal14) pervasive15) musical2. P ut the following into English1) fast food2) best seller3) homemade bread4) musical excerpts5) express mail6) life style7) personal relationship8) mass movement9) subtle changes10) pastoral scenery11) rear-view mirror12) exit sign13) Civil War battlefield14) horse carriages15) antique cars16) factory outlets17) quality time18) deferred gratification19) credit card20) ready-made clothes21) automatic teller machine22) convenience store23) Polaroid camera24) current affairs25）news briefings26) Fifth Symphony27) classic novels3. Rewrite the sentences below using the expressions given in the brackets.1)We have decided to slow down in our economic growth so as to devote ourselvesmore to the improvement of people’s living s tandard.2)Lucy is good at swimming. More often than not she can win a prize in a contest.3)My sister said that she wanted to be on her own instead of working for thatcompany any longer, but she had not saved up enough for capital. She wondered ifI could help her out.4)Thanks to government policy that the unemployment rate has dropped. It wasreduced to less than four percent for the first half of the year.5)Joe was crazy about the raw fish and he stuffed himself with it. That night, the fishdidn’t agree with him, and he had a terrible stomachache. Finally he had to go to the hospital for quick relief.6)I am getting sick and tired of this unpleasant job. We have been lingering over itfor almost a week. Let’s finish it today somehow to get it over and done with.7)The new president ordered professors to double their publications in three yearshoping that that would make the school more famous. Well, he sped out of control..Teaching suffered because the professors did not have enough time to devote to it.Th e quality of their publications also suffered and so did the professors’ health.4. Put in the appropriate prepositions or adverbs.1)up; out2)down; at3)up4)aside/away; out of; with5)On; with.6)with; off.7)in; out8)in; of; on9)into; around; at10)out; in5.Translate1）The government will have to decide when and how to put brakes on the economy before it speeds out of control.2）Why waste money building an airport in the middle of nowhere? We must not ignore the fact that what people here need most is clean water and clean air.3）They thought they might take a different route on their return trip so as to explore the great canyon in Tibet.4）She traveled around the world and came back home quite a changed person, educated and greatly revitalized.5）There is no easy fix for our social problems. We should explore all possibilities and move one step at a time.6）All old traditions die a slow and lingering death. Customs and habits that have taken so long to form can’t be expected to disappear overnight.7）Madam Chang was considered a pioneer who advocated combining classic Chinese music with Western music.8）I was so stunned when I heard the news, that for quite some time I didn’t know what to say.9）The soldiers are learning how to survive in the wilderness.10）I’ll go there with you if you insist. But really I won’t be much help to you. Grammar1.Point out the difference between the gerund and the infinitive when they are usedas object after the same verb.1)try doing sth: to do sth to see if it works or will be successful2)try to do sth: to make an effort or take action to do sth that you may not be able todo3)like doing sth: to enjoy doing sth, referring to a general preference4)like to do sth: to want or prefer to do sth, referring a particular case5)begin to do sth:very little difference6)begin doing sth:Note: A number of verbs can have either a gerund or a to-infinitive as object with little difference in meaning. They include: attempt,begin, bother, continue, fear, hate, love, prefer, start, etc. However, when these verbs are used in a continuous tense, they take a to-infinitive as object, e.g.I’m beginning to like the food here.Some township enterprises are continuing to expand.Verbs that often take a gerund as their object: admit, advise, avoid, deny, e njoy, fancy, (can’t/couldn’t) help, keep, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, etc.Verbs that can have a to-infinitive as their object: agree, decide,hope,offer, promise, choose, expect, intend, mean, plan, refuse, fail, manage, pretend,tend, want, etc7)regret doing sth: to feel sorry about sth you did or did not do8)regret to do sth:formal used in writing to express sad feelings about sth that isdisappointing or unpleasant9)stop doing sth: not to continue what your have been dong10)s top to do sth: to stop (doing one thing) so as to do another(Note: He re “to do sth” is an adverbial of purpose, not anobject.)11)m ean doing sth: to have or represent a particular meaning12)m ean to do sth: to intend to do sth2.Practice using the gerund and the to-infinitive.A. Complete the statements or questions using the gerund or the infinitive formof the verb in brackets.1) to live 2) living, living 3) arguing 4) to watch5) pretending 6) to perform 7) trying 8) Settling downB. Translate, choosing between the gerund and the to-infinitive.1)Remember to bring your ID with you when you go to the airport.2)I remember feeling greatly disappointed after my first job interview.3)Finally they decided to apologize to the passengers for what had happened. at theairport.4)I’m sorry that I clean forgot to pass the message to Big Li.5)At midday we stop to have lunch in a fast food restaurant.6)I stopped listening about the disaster on the radio, but I was too shocked to moveout of the chair.3.Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.(1) affect (2) signs (3) passing (4) depend (5) providing(6) lack (7) Whether (8) superficial (9) on (10) isolated4.Learn to recognize and use various forms of attributive modifiers (定语).1.Identify the grammatical form of the underlined attributivemodifiers in thesentences and note their position.The attributive modifiers are all placed after the nouns they qualify.Their grammatical form:1)prepositional phrase2)adjective phrase3)three to-infinitive phrases4)past participle phrase5)present participle phrase6)adjective2. Translate the Chinese in brackets using the grammatical forms asshown in the above six sentences.1)something important to say2)known as a nation on wheels3)as well-informed of Beijing opera as Anna4)called the sixth generation of Chinese directors5)living and working overseas/abroad/in foreign countries6)with a big nose and big hands7)sitting in the corner8)to play center forward (AmE) /central forward (BrE)on the university team9)anything particular to do10)all the things mentioned above2.Identify and correct the mistake in each of the sentences.1)Those who refused to work for the invaders were sent to concentrationcamps.2)I don’t remember seeing the man anywhere before.。
