宾语从句的用法
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宾语从句的用法
一、定义:宾语从句就是一个句子的宾语部分是由另一个句子来充当。宾语从句需要用引导词来引导。学好宾语从句,必须过“三关”。即引导词关、语序关、时态关。
二、引导词关:
引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类,即:
1)若宾语从句为陈述语气,则用that引导。That在从句中不充当任何成分,也无实义,只是起到连接的作用。
通常在say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后加that,引导宾语从句。连词that在口语中常被省略。
如:He said that he was a student.
I thought that he was wrong.
☆注意:A) 引导宾语从句的that 常可以省略,但下列情况下不能省略。
(1)and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句,除第一个从句中的that以外,后面从句中的that不能省略。
如:I know (that) he is a good student and that he likes basketball.
(2)、that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。
如:I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
(3)、主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。
如:We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.
B) 若宾语后面有宾语补语,则宾语从句要放到补语之后,在宾补前用形式宾语it. 常常这样用的动词有find,feel,consider,make,believe 等。
如:He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away.
I consider it necessary that he should do it again.
C) 宾语从句的否定转移。当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy,guess等表示主观看法或认识的动词,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来。其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
如:I don’t think he will come to my party.(而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.)
I don’t believe that he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生,不是吗?
I don’t think you are right.
I don’t believe that they have finished their work.
比较:she believes that I am not a good student.
2)表示一般疑问语气,含有“是否,能否”的意思。由从属连词whether 和if引导,二者通常可以互换。
如:I don't know whether/if I should go to the party tomorrow.
注意:在以下情况中,只能用whether。
A) 在动词不定式之前只能用whether
如:I can’t decide whether to stay.
B) 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中,只能用whether。
如:I want to know whether she is a student or not.
C) 在介词后,只能用whether。
如:His father is worried about whether he has lost his work .
3)表示特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词引导。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词和疑问副词。
A) 疑问代词包括what,who, whom, which,whose, whoever, whatever, whichever等.。
如:Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
I don't know what they want.
John told me which girl he liked most..
I want to know whose father that old man is.
I will give you whatever you want.
You can meet whoever you want to see.
You can choose whichever you like.
B) 疑问副词包括when, where, how, why, whenever,wherever,however等。
如:Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
He told me when we should go to the airport.
I told him where he should go.
I don't know why he is so angry.
You can come whenever you are free.
You can go wherever you like.
4)另外:宾语从句可做动词宾语,介词宾语,及某些形容词甚至是副词的宾语.
例如:
1、He said that he was a student.(that从句是said的宾语)
2、宾语从句作介词的宾语,常常有两种情况:
A) wh-类的介词宾语从句
如:We are talking about where we should go.(疑问代词where从句作介词about的宾语) The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.(疑问代词what引导的宾语从句时介词with的宾语)
B)用that,whether引导的介词宾语从句
如:except,but,besides三个介词后常常可以见到that引导的宾语从句。
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he works in a school.
We are talking about whether we should go camping.
3、常常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised。That常常可以省略。
如:I am sure (that)I will pass the exam.
Mary was pleased (that) she had passed the final exam.. (that引导的宾语从句是形容词pleased的宾语)
4、I will find out where he has gone(where引导的宾语从句作副词out的宾语).