段落翻译(all)
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B-中国民俗-春节-习俗-4中文:中国的农历新年是农历的正月初一。
在中国的传统节日中,这是一个最重要、最热闹的节日。
中国人过春节有很多传统习俗。
从腊月二十三起,人们就开始准备过年了。
在这段时间里,家家户户要大扫除,买年货,贴窗花,挂年画,贴春联(couplets),做好各种食品,准备辞旧迎新。
语言要点:lunar calendar; bustling; relating to; undertake a thorough cleaning; decoration; usher in译文:The first day of the first lunar month is the New Year in Chinese lunar calendar. Among the traditional Chinese festivals, this is the most important and the most bustling. Chinese have many traditional customs relating to the Spring Festival. From the 23rd day of the 12th lunar month, people start to prepare for the event. Every family will undertake a thorough cleaning, do their Spring Festival shopping, make paper-cuts for window decoration, put up New Year pictures and Spring Festival couplets, and also prepare all kinds of foods to bid farewell to the old and usher in the new.H-传统艺术-功夫-综述-4武术,也称为功夫或中华武术,是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产,是一项具有民族特色的中国传统竞技。
武术历史悠久,习武者众多。
根据武术中使用的不同动作,可形成不同套路的徒手或持器械的动作组合。
武术形式可以是单打、双打或多人打斗。
习武者在或攻击或防御、或快或慢、或强或弱的动作中,相互打斗较量,试图打败对方。
习武有助于人们强劲体魄,锻炼意志、培养人格、保护生命。
语言要点:heritage, based on, offensive, defensive, preserve, cultivate译文:Wushu, also known as gongfu or martial arts, a valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, is a traditional Chinese sport with a unique national characteristic. It enjoys a long history and a large number of practitioners. Based on movements employed in fighting, wushu is practiced in various types of set exercises, either barehanded or with weapons. They can be practiced singly, in pairs or collectively. Offensive or defensive, quick or slow, hard or soft, the practitioners wrestle with each other and try to outwit each other. Wushu helps people build their physique, heighten their will, cultivate themselves and preserve their lives.E-日常生活-饮食-餐桌礼仪-4在中国,许多传统的餐桌礼仪今天仍保留着。
作为礼貌,在食物摆好后,客人会等待主人邀请后再开始进餐。
进餐时,咀嚼食物时不要发出噪音。
等下一道菜时,应该把筷子整齐地放好,避免交叉或放在饭碗上。
不要用你的筷子去指别人,也不要把筷子竖着插进饭碗,因为那么呆着就像在坟前插着的香柱(incense sticks)。
语言要点:table manners; chew the food; resemble译文:In China, many traditional table manners are still observe d today. It’s a form of courtesy that when the food is served the guests wait for the host to invite them to eat. While eating, one should not make any noise when chewing the food. While waiting for the next course of food one should place the chopsticks n eatly and avoid crossing them or putting them on the rice bowl. Don’t point at others with your chopsticks and don’t stick your chopsticks into your rice bowl and leave them there standing up, for in this position they resemble incense sticks set before a grave.F-四大发明-总-综述-4中国古代的四大发明(The Four Great Inventions)有着重要的历史意义,它们也是中国古代先进科技的象征,因此四大发明在中国文化中常常被提及。
这四大发明分别是:指南针,火药,造纸术和印刷术。
这四个新发现对中国文明的发展有很大的影响。
然而,一些现代的中国学者认为,其他中国发明也许更复杂(sophisticated),对中国文明的影响更大,四大发明是因为促进了东西方的技术交流而凸显出来。
语言要点:celebrated; historical significance; sophisticated; serve to; highlight译文:The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and as symbols of ancient China’s advanced science and technology. The Four Great Inventions are compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing. These four discoveries had a great impact on the development of Chinese civilization. However, some modern Chinese scholars have believed that other Chinese inventions were perhaps more sophisticated and had a greater impact on Chinese civilization and the Four Great Inventions were highlighted because they promoted the technological interaction between East and West.D-古代思想-佛学-发展-4佛教(Buddhism)发源于古印度,早在汉代(the Han Dynasty)就已经传入中国。
佛教在中国的发展过程中不断中国化,逐渐发展成中国的重要宗教之一,深刻影响中国人思想和生活习惯。
佛教中国化的重要时期是在隋唐时期(the Sui and Tang dynasties),在这一时期随着国家的统一、经济的发展和文化交流的日益频繁,佛学获得了空前的繁荣发展。
语言要点:originate; adapt…into…; localization; unprecedentedly; prosperous development译文:Buddhism originated from ancient India and had been introduced to China as early as the Han Dynasty. During its development in China, Buddhism constantly adapted itself to the local context in China so as to gradually become one of the most important religions in China and to deeply influence the thoughts and living habits of Chinese. The localization of Buddhism in Chinawas most important in the Sui and Tang dynasties. During this period, with the unity of the country, the development of the economy and the more and more frequent cultural exchanges, Buddhism gained an unprecedentedly prosperous development.I-历史文化-语言-汉语地位-4汉语是目前世界上使用人数最多的语言。
根据估计,世界上大约有1/5的人在使用汉语。
它也是联合国的工作语言之一。