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计算机专业英语复习资料

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hardware n.硬件 Keyboard n.键盘 Typewriter n.打字机 Button n.按钮 Type v.打字n.类型,典型 Traditional adj.传统的,惯例的 Separate adj.分开的,分离的,个别的,单独的 v.分开,隔离,分散,分别 device n.装置,设备 cord n.软线 laptop n.便携式电脑,膝上型电脑 monitor n.监视器,监控器v.监控 picture n.画,图画,照片 display vt.显示n.显示,显示器 video n.视频adj.视频的 screen n.屏幕 instruction n.指令 .个别的, 单独的, 个人的 component n.成分,部件 adj.组成的,构成的 drive n.驱动器 bonkers adj.疯狂的,精神不正常的 logical adj.逻辑的,合理的 desktop n.桌面,桌上型电脑 adj.台式的,桌面上的 horizontal adj.水平的 manufacturer n.制造业者,厂商 identify vt.识别,鉴别 resolve v.解决 accessory n.附件 adj.附属的,补充的,副的 impossible adj.不可能的,不会发生的 cost n.成本,价钱,代价 disturb v.扰乱 delicate adj.精巧的,精致的,灵敏的,精密的 sensibility n.敏感性，敏感 external adj.外部的 n.外部,外面 Wire n.电线,金属丝 corrective adj.纠正的, 矫正的 extra adj.额外的 plug vt.插上n.插头,插销 modem n.调制解调器 exotic adj.外来的 printer n.打印机 perform vt.执行 process n.过程,作用,方法,程序,步骤 vt.加工,处理 appropriate adj.适当的；适合的 transfer n.&vt.转写,转印;传输,转移,传递 information n.信息,消息,资料 function n.功能,作用,函数 directly adv.直接地,立即 operation n.运行,操作,实施,作用 build into 使成为组成部分 show up 露出,露面 find out 找出,发现,认识到,想出 instead of 代替,而不是... come up with 赶上,提出，拿出 agree on … 对...达成协议,对...取得一致意见 stand for 代表,代替,象征,支持 refer to 提到,谈到,打听 refer to… as 称……为 hard drive 硬盘，硬盘驱动器 lie down 躺下 floppy disk 软盘 stand up 竖立,站起来 depend on 依靠,依赖 as much as 差不多 home computer 家用计算机 away from 远离 CPU (Central Processing Unit) 中央处理器 CD (Compact Disc) 光盘 Modem(modulator-demodulator)

Unit8 server n.服务器 digital adj.数字的,数位的n.数字,数字式 document n.文档,文件 subtract v.减 add v.加 bit n.位, 比特 improvement n.改进,进步,改善,改良 code n.代码,编码 v.编码 original adj.最初的,原始的,独创的,新颖的 bus n.总线 table n.表格 vt.制表 multiply v.乘 divide v.除 performance n.执行,性能 address n.地址 load n.负荷,负载,加载 vt.装载,加载 be familiar with 熟悉 go down 下降 in general 总的来说，一般而言 boot sector 引导扇区 operating system操作系统(OS) RAM (Random Access Memory) 随机存储器 ROM (Read-Only Memory) 只读存储器 BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) 基本输入输出系统 file n.文件,档案 folder n.文件夹 directory n.目录 character n.字符,特征 configuration n.构造,结构,配置 label n.卷标,标签,标志 click v.用鼠标点击 n.滴答声 highlight n.高亮显示,加亮区 vt.加亮,使显著,突出 spreadsheet n.电子制表软件,电子数据 application n.应用,应用程序,应用软件 password n.密码,口令 confidential adj.秘密的,机密的 safe adj.免受攻击的,安全的 secure adj.安全的,可靠的,放心的,无虑的v.保护 sequence n.次序,顺序,序列,数列 intruder n.入侵者 guess vt.猜测,推测,猜中,猜对 vi.猜,推测 n.猜测,推测 scarcely adv.几乎不,简直没有 acquaint vt.使熟知,知道 pet n.宠物,受宠爱的人 adj.宠爱的,亲昵的 vt.宠爱 spouse n.配偶 birdie n.高尔夫球中得分低于标准杆的一击 touchdown n.[美橄]攻方持球,触地,触地得分,着地,降落 predictable adj.可预知的,可预报的 hacker n.电脑黑客 mistake n.错误,过失 v.弄错,误解 accumulate v.收集,积累 register n.登录,注册,寄存器 vt.登录,登记,注册 classify vt.分类,分等; 把...列为密件 integrity n.安全,完整性 connection n.连接,连结；联系 obvious adj.明显的,显而易见的 observation n.观察,观测,注意 compromise v.泄密,危害,危及...的安全 n.泄密,妥协,折衷 interchangeably adv.可交替地,可替换地 sensitive adj.敏感的,灵敏的 capital n.大写字母 break into 破门而入,侵占 at all 根本 computer code 计算机程序代码 go through 用完,仔细检查,经历,搜查 over and over again 一再地

keep track of 记录 financial transaction 金融交易 look over 察看,检查,调查 physical characteristic 身体特征

Unit10 e-commerce n.电子商务 shift n.&v.移动,移位,变化 hype n.大肆宣传,大做广告,天花乱坠的广告宣传 valuation n.估价,评价,计算 profit n.利润,益处,得益 vi.得益,利用 vt.有益于,有利于 participate vi.参与,参加,分享,分担 element n.要素,元素,成分,元件 product n.产品,产物,乘积 on-line n.联机,在线式 merchant n.商人,批发商,贸易商,店主 adj.商业的,商人的 payment n.付款,支付 bill n.钞票,账单,票据,清单 facility n.设备,工具 ship v.运输,载运 outsourceable adj.可外界供应的,可外包的 mechanism n.机制 claim vt.（根据权利）要求，索赔 integrate vt.使成整体,使一体化,求...的积分 accessory n.附件,零件,附加物 adj.附属的,补充的,副的 entertainment n.娱乐 competition n.竞争者,竞争,竞赛 supplier n.供应商,厂商,供给者 extremely adv.极端地,非常地 forums n.论坛 retail n.零售adj.零售的v.零售 establishment n.设施,公司,确立,制定 desirable adj.值得要的,合意的,悦人心意的 discount n.折扣 seasonal adj.季节性的 trivial adj.普通的,平凡的,价值不高的,微不足道的 stock market 股市 personal experience 个人体验 credit card 信用卡 chat room 聊天室 back end 后端

Unit11 implement vt.实现,执行 n.工具, 器具 compiler n.编译程序,编译器 official adj.官方的, 正式的 improve v.改善, 改进 revision n.修订, 修改, 修正, 修订本 procedure n.规程,程序, 手续 library n.库 loop n.循环 repetitive adj.重复的, 反复性的 construction n.结构, 建筑 context n.语境,上下文,前后关系 equivalent adj.相等的, 相当的, 同意义的 n.等价物, 相等物 encounter v.遇到, 相遇

infinite n.无穷大 adj.无穷的, 无限的, 无数的, 极大的 permit v.许可, 允许, 准许 n.通行证, 许可证, 执照 breakout n.脱逃,突破 statement n.语句 admittedly adv.公认地, 诚然, 无可否认的

variant n.变量 adj.不同的 branch n.分枝, 分支 flexibility n.弹性, 适应性,灵活性 overcome vt.克服,战胜 request vt.&n.请求, 要求 stage n.发展的进程,舞台,活动场所

pointer n.指针 beware v.注意,当心, 小心 integer n.整数

conditional expression 条件表达式 conditional operator 条件运算符

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计算机专英复习

计算机专英复习

TERMS1.high-level language 高级语言2.vacuum tubes 真空管3.mainframe n. 主机, 大型机4.Packaged software 软件包5.integrated circuits 集成电路6.instruction cycle 指令周期7.data bus 数据总线8.address bus 地址总线9.flag register 标志寄存器10.CPU(Central Processing Unit) 中央处理器11.control buses 控制总线12.microprocessor微处理器13.memory location14.存储器单元地址15.Data structures 数据结构16.Reusability复用性17.Abstraction抽象化18.Efficiency效率19.stack pointer 栈指针20.linked lists链接表21.stacks堆栈22.queues队列23.stack's base栈底24.Backtracking回溯25.empty stack26.full stack27.FIFO28.LIFO29.tail pointer尾指针30.head pointers 头指针31.OS (Operating System) 操作系统32.mutual interference 相互干扰33.exclusive use 专用er interface 用户接口35.resource allocation 资源分配36.Sequential sharing串行共享37.Concurrent sharing并行共亨38.scheduling n.调度39.access privileges访问权限40.Partitioning of resources资源分区41.dynamic allocation 动态分配42.monitor监视器43.resource preemption资源抢占44.Jobs作业45.processes进程46.software engineering 软件工程47.software life cycle 软件生命周期48.modular design 模块化设计49.waterfall model 瀑布模型50.incremental model 增量式模型51.object-oriented 面向对象的52.entity n.实体; 统一体53.debugging n.调试54.specification n.详述, 说明书, 规范55.software engineers 软件工程师56.limited functionality有限的功能57.proposed solution建议性的解决方案58.TCP (T ransfer Control Protocol)传输控制协议59.IP(Internet Protocol) 网际协议60.FTP (File T ransfer Protocol) 文件传输协议61.URL (Uniform Resource Locator)统一资源定位62.Packet Switching分组交换63.Routers路由器64.Client/Server Computing客户机/服务器计算技术65.Hyper T ext T ransfer Protocol超文本传输转移协议66.World Wide Web万维网67.Search engine搜索引擎68.Data capture数据捕获69.Web server 网络服务器70.browser浏览器work Security网络安全72.interruption 中断，打断73.interception截取74.fabrication伪造75.cryptography n. 密码学76.encryption 加密77.decrypt v. 解密78.hacker 黑客，计算机窃贼79.cipher n. 密码（钥），加密程序80.cyphertext n. 密文81.firewall防火墙82.Database83.field n. 字段84.retrieval n. 检索85.Multimedia Equipment多媒体设备86.sound card 声卡87.MIDI (Musical Instrument DigitalInterface) 乐器数字接口Ⅳ. T ranslate the following sentences into Chinese or English.（将下列句子翻译成汉语或英语）1．Encryption can be defined as the process of tasking information that exists in some readable form (plaintext) and converting it into a form (ciphertext) so that it cannot be understood by others.2．To implement a stack structure in a computer's memory, it is customary to reserve a block of contiguous memory cells large enough to accommodate the stack as it grows and shrinks.3．V acuum tubes are bulky and produce a lot of heat, so first-generation computers were large and required extensive air conditioning to keep them cool.4．When the CPU fetches data from memory, it first outputs the memory address on its address bus. Then memory outputs the data onto the data bus; the CPU can then read the data from the data bus.5．The primary purpose of Web browsers is to display Web pages, but browsers also have added features, such as e-mail and newsgroups (an online discussion group or forum).6．If the receiver of the encrypted data wants to read the original data, the receiver must convert it back to the original througha process called decryption.7．Hence, with second-generation computers, the size and cost of computers decreased, their speed increased, and their air-conditioning needs were reduced.8．Unlike the other buses, the address bus always receives data from the CPU; the CPU never reads the address bus.9．A consequence of this restriction is that the last entry entered will always be the first entry removed--an observation that leads to stacks being known as last-in, first-out (LIFO) structures.10．The purpose of a user interface is to provide for the use of OS resources, primarily the CPU, for processing a user's computational requirements.11．In the resource partitioning approach, the OS decides a priori what resources should be allocated to a user computation. This approach is called static allocation because the allocation is made before the execution of a program starts.12．Software, on the other hand, does not wear out. Instead, software moves into the modification phase because errors are discovered, because changes in the software's application occur that require corresponding changes in the software, or because changes made during a previous modification are found to induce problems elsewhere in the software. For example, changes in tax laws may require modifications to payroll programs that calculate withholding taxes, and all too often these changes may have adverse effects in other areas of the program that may not be discovered until some time later.13． A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage, and each field typically contains information pertaining to one aspect or attribute of the entity described by the database. Using keywords and various sorting commands, users can rapidly search, rearrange, group, and select the fields in many records to retrieve or create reports on particular aggregates of data.14．First-generation computers were characterized by the use of vacuum tubes as their principal electronic component.V acuum tubes are bulky and produce a lot of heat, so first-generation computers were large and required extensive airconditioning to keep them cool. In addition, because vacuum tubes do not operate very fast, these computers were relatively slow.15．The complete system, as illustrated in Figure 4-1, works as follows: To push a new entry on the stack, we first adjust the stack pointer to point to the vacancy just beyond the top of the stack and then place the new entry at this location. To pop an entry from the stack, we read the data pointed to by the stack pointer and then adjust the pointer to point to the next entry down on the stack.16．V acuum tubes are bulky and produce a lot of heat, so first-generation computers were large and required extensive air conditioning to keep them cool.17．Hence, with second-generation computers, the size and cost of computers decreased, their speed increased, and their air-conditioning needs were reduced.18．Unlike the other buses, the address bus always receives data from the CPU; the CPU never reads the address bus. 19． A consequence of this restriction is that the last entry entered will always be the first entry removed--an observation that leads to stacks being known as last-in, first-out (LIFO) structures.20．The purpose of a user interface is to provide for the use of OS resources, primarily the CPU, for processing a user's computational requirements.21．To implement a stack structure in a computer's memory, it is customary to reserve a block of contiguous memory cells large enough to accommodate the stack as it grows and shrinks.22．When the CPU fetches data from memory, it first outputs the memory address on its address bus. Then memory outputs the data onto the data bus; the CPU can then read the data from the data bus.23．The primary purpose of W eb browsers is to display Web pages, but browsers also have added features, such as e-mail and newsgroups (an online discussion group or forum).24．If the receiver of the encrypted data wants to read the original data, the receiver must convert it back to the original through a process called decryption.25．When the CPU fetches data from memory, it first outputs the memory address on its address bus. Then memory outputs the data onto the data bus; the CPU can then read the data from the data bus.26．In the resource partitioning approach, the OS decides a priori what resources should be allocated to a user computation. This approach is called static allocation because the allocation is made before the execution of a program starts.27．It is a well-established principle that the best structure for a large software system is a modular one. Indeed, it is by means of this modular decomposition that the implementation of large systems becomes a possibility. Without such a breakdown, the technical details required in the implementation of a large system would exceed a human's comprehensive powers.28．Database records and files must be organized to allow retrieval of the information.29．Data structures organize data in ways that make algorithms more efficient.30．Software, on the other hand, does not wear out. Instead, software moves into the modification phase because errors are discovered, because changes in the software's application occur that require corresponding changes in the software, or because changes made during a previous modification are found to induce problems elsewhere in the software. For example, changes in tax laws may require modifications to payroll programs that calculate withholding taxes, and all too often these changes may have adverse effects in other areas of the program that may not be discovered until some time later.31． A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage, and each field typically contains information pertaining to one aspect or attribute of the entity described by the database. Using keywords and various sorting commands, users can rapidly search, rearrange, group, and select the fields in many records to retrieve or create reports on particular aggregates of data.32．Packet switching is a method of slicing digital messages into parcels cal led “packets,” sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destination.33．First-generation computers were characterized by the use of vacuum tubes as their principal electronic component.V acuum tubes are bulky and produce a lot of heat, so first-generation computers were large and required extensive air conditioning to keep them cool. In addition, because vacuum tubes do not operate very fast, these computers were relatively slow.34．The complete system, as illustrated in Figure 4-1, works as follows: To push a new entry on the stack, we first adjust the stack pointer to point to the vacancy just beyond the top of the stack and then place the new entry at this location. To pop an entry from the stack, we read the data pointed to by the stack pointer and then adjust the pointer to point to the next entry down on the stack.35．In packet-switched networks, messages are first broken down into packets. Appended to each packet are digital codes that indicate a source address (the origination point) and a destination address, as well as sequencing information and error control information for the packet. Rather than being sent directly to the destination address, in a packet network, the packets travel from computer to computer until they reach their destination. These computers are called routers. Routers are special purpose computers that interconnect the thousands of different computer networks that make up the Internet and route packets along to their ultimate destination as they travel.T o ensure that packets take the best available path toward their destination, the routers use computer programs called routing algorithms.36．While packet switching exploded the available communications capacity and TCP/IP provided the communications rules and regulations, it took a revolution in computing to bring about today’s Internet and the Web. That revolution is called client/server computing and without it, the Web—in all its richness—would not exist.37．06下半年信息技术处理员英文真题38．（71）Messages that are sent electronically over a network.（72） A series of instructions(commands) performed in a sequence specifying actions to accomplish a task.（73）The character code built into most modern personal computers.（74）The minimal unit of information, it can have the value 1 or 0.（75）The brain of a computer, it contains the ALU, the clock, many registers, the bus interface and circuitry that makes these parts work together.（71）A.input B.output C.data D.E-Mail（72）A.menu B.tool C.program D.hardware（73）A.ASCII B.internet C.interface D.Windows（74）A.byte B.bit C.logic D.true（75）A.memory B.CPU C.I/O device D.program参考译文电子邮件--在网络中传播的电子信息。

计算机专业技能英语期末整理自资料

计算机专业技能英语期末整理自资料

10软件专业英语期末复习Vocabulary (30分)（一）Translate the following words or phrases into English. （写出下列词或词组的英文）（共10题，每题1分，计10分）1. 备份backups2. 路由器router3. 基于文本的text-based4. 下载/上传download/upload5, 浏览器browser6. 数据挖掘data mining7. 端口port8. 恶意软件malware9. 协议栈protocol stack10. 软件工程sofeware engineering11. 黑客hacker12. 网关gateway13. 总线bus14. 排除故障debug15, 假脱机spooling16. 多媒体multi--media17. 主干网backbone network18. 升级upgrade19. 线程thread20. 防火墙fire wall21．进程process22 向导guide（二）Give out the full names for the following abbreviations and translate into Chinese.（写出下列缩写词的全称，并翻译成汉语）（共10题，每题2分，计20分）1.GUI Graphic User Interface 图形用户界面2.RAM Random Access Memory 随机存取存储器3.SQL Structured Query Language 结构化查询语言4.HTTP Hyper Text Transport Protocol 超文本传输协议5.ISO International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织6.DBMS Data Base Management System 数据库管理系统7.AI Artificial Intelligence 人工智能8.PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect 外设部件互联9.WAN Wide Area Network 广域网10.I C Integrated Circuit 集成电路11.R OM Read Only Memory 只读存储器12.U RL Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位符13.F TP File Transport Protocol 文件传输协议14.L AN Local Area Network 局域网15.H TML Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标记语言16.W AP Wireless Application Protocol 无线应用协议17.U SB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线I．Multiple Choices（共15题，每题1分，计15分）II．Cloze (共15题，每题1分，计15分)（一）Choose from the list to fill in the blanks.（选词填空）(共10题，每题1分，计10分)（二）Fill in the blanks according to what you have learned. （根据课文选词填空）(共5题，每题1分，计5分)1. Buffering can overlap The input, output and computation.2. Batch systems automate job sequencing by a Resident monitor.3. Spooling allowed the CPU to overlap the I/O operation with the computation.4. Time sharing can be got by Multiprogramming.5. Real time system and Multiprocessor systems are other operating system types.IV．Reading comprehension（阅读理解）(共10题，每题2分，计20分)III．Translation （翻译）（共5题，每题4分，计20分）中译英：1、计算机系统由硬件系统和软件系统做成，计算机的硬件通常分为三个主要部分或三个主要子系统：CPU,存储子系统和输入/输出系统。

计算机英语复习重点

计算机英语复习重点

Hardware硬件、software软件、general-purpose machine通用计算机、special-purpose machine专用计算机、instruction指令、input\output输入输出、central processing unit(CPU)中央处理器、bus总线、personal computer个人计算机、operating system操作系统、Digital Video Disk(DVD)数字视盘、Compact Disk Read-Only Memory(CD-ROM)光盘只读存储器、audio声频、peripheral外围设备、operation操作码指令、operand操作数、register寄存器、control unit控制部件、arithmetic and logic unit(ALU)算术逻辑单元、word size字长、cache高速缓冲存储器、chip芯片、Random Access Memory（RAM)随机存储器、Read Only Memory （ROM)只读存储器、floppy disk软磁盘、volatile易失性、job management作业管理、job queue作业队列、batch system批处理系统、time-shared operating分时操作系统、multiprogramming多道程序设计、Dynamic Link Library（DLL)动态链接库、Encrypting File System(EFS)加密文件系统、stack堆栈、desktop桌面、definition分辨率、menu slide菜单滑块、taskbar任务栏、virus病毒、animation 动画、folder文件夹、favorite收藏夹、terminal终端、kernel内核、system call 系统调用、interpreter解释程序、shell命令解释程序、application suite应用程序集、word processor字处理程序、configuration配置、peripheral device外围设备、USB(Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线、toolbar工具条、control panel控制面板、standby mode待机模式、GUI(Graphical User Interface）图形用户界面、icon 图标、dialog box对话框、removable hard disk可移动硬盘、zip disk大容量磁盘、network architecture网络体系结构、Open System Interconnection/Reference Model （OSI/RM)开放系统互连参考模型、client-server客户服务器、peer-to-peer对等、switch交换机、star topology星型拓扑、Ethernet以太网、UTP(Unshielded Twisted Pair）非屏蔽双绞线、coaxial cable同轴电缆、NIC(Network Interface Card）网络接口卡、WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network）无限局域网、route路由、ARPAnet 阿帕网、WWW（world wide web）万维网、browser浏览器、search engine搜索引擎、search criteria搜索条件、electronic mail电子邮件、SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）简单邮件传送协议、POP(Post Office Protocol）邮局协议、FTP(File Transfer Protocol）文件传送协议、Telnet(Telecommunication network)远程通信网、TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol）传输控制协议/互联网协议、HTTP（hypertext transfer protocol）超文本传送协议、URL（uniform resource locator）统一资源定位地址、video chip视频剪辑、tree topology树形拓扑、ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line）非对称数字用户线、hyperlink超级链接、package程序包、shareware共享软件、HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language）超文本标记语音、transaction实物、assembler汇编程序、selection structure选择结构、loop structure循环结构、form表单、Intranet因特内部网、OOP（Object-Oriented Programming)面向对象程序设计、release软件发布、life cycle生命周期、requirement analysis需求分析、feasibility可行性、flowchart流程图、algorithm算法、data structure数据结构、debugging调试、database record 数据库记录、database management system（DBMS)数据库管理系统、relational database关系数据库、field字段、script脚本、dynamic/static web page动态/静态web网页、API(Application Program Interface）应用程序接口、spreadsheet电子表格、presentation演示、Portable Document Format（PDF)可移植的文档格式、temple 模版、computer graphics（CG)计算机图形学、render渲染、three-dimensional computer graphics三维计算机图形、image图像、image processing图像处理、brightness亮度、contrast对比度、pixel像素、extension扩展名、CAD(computer-aided design）计算机辅助设计。

计算机专业英语影印版句子词语翻译（知识点复习考点归纳总结）

计算机专业英语影印版句子词语翻译（知识点复习考点归纳总结）

计算机专业英语影印版句子词语翻译（知识点复习考点归纳总结）○11.Visual chapter openers and summaries具视觉效果的开篇和总结2.On the Web explorations 网络资源3.Tips 小贴士，小窍门4.Making IT work for you 为你所用5.Concept checks and review 检查6.Key terms 核心词汇7.Careers in IT 信息技术相关职业8.Procedures (指令，操作说明)9.Software (软件)10.Hardware (硬件)11.Blocking spam 垃圾邮件过滤软件12.Speech Recognition 语音识别软件13.Virus Protection and Internet Security14.网络安全软件/doc/943653572.html, Tuner Cards and Video Clips电视卡和视频编辑软件16.Web Cams and Instant Messaging 网络视频摄像头和即时通讯17.Music from the Internet网络音乐下载、上传和编辑18.Home Networking 家庭网络19.Spyware Removal 间谍软件移除工具20.Job Opportunities 网络就业机会搜索软件21.Operation system 操作系统22.Coordinate resources 协调资源23.Interface 提供接口24.Run applications 运行应用程序25.Utilities 公共实用程序26.Device drivers 设备驱动程序27.Browser 浏览器程序28.Microsoft Office 办公软件29.Basic application 基础应用程序/doc/943653572.html,itary or Government 军事政府31.Research institute 研究机构32.Insurance companies 保险公司33.Mainframe computers 大型机，主机34.Supercomputers 超级计算机35.Minicomputers 中型电脑36.Microcomputers 微机个人计算机37.Desktop computer 台式电脑38.Notebook computer, laptop computers手提式、膝上轻便电脑39.Tablet PC 支持手写的平板电脑40.Handheld computer 掌上电脑41.Windows mobile 操作系统42.Electronic Dictionary 电子词典43.Palm computer 掌上电脑44.Handheld computer 手持电脑/doc/943653572.html,itary PDA 军用PDA46.System unit：microprocessor and memory微处理器和内存47.Input/output devices 输入和输出48.Keyboard 键盘49.Mouse 鼠标50.Monitor 显示器printer 打印机51.Secondary storage 辅助存储器/doc/943653572.html,pact discs (CD) 激光盘53.Digital versatile or video discs (DVD) 数字化视频光盘54.High-definition discs (HDD) 高清盘55.Document files 文字处理56.Worksheet files 工作表单57.Database files 数据库文件58.Presentation files 演示文件/doc/943653572.html,puter competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills-indispensable tools for today.2.Present an overview of an information system 概述信息系统3.Understand these basic parts and how connectivity through the Internet.5大组成部分及如何访问网络4.Filled out computerized forms, took computerized tests 填写电脑化的表格和考试5.People are surely the most important part of any information system. 人是信息系统中最重要的组成元素6.Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. 我们的生活每天都要接触计算机、信息系统分不开7.Making IT Work for You：present interesting and practical IT applications. 实用的信息技术应用8.Tips：suggestions ranging from the basics of keeping your computer system running smoothly to how to protect your privacy while surfing the Web. 关于计算机运用和网上冲浪安全的提示和建议9.Careers in IT：provides job descriptions, projected employment demands, educational requirements, current salary ranges, and advancement opportunities. 信息技术相关的工作/doc/943653572.html,puting Essentials Web site：more information on the Web. 本课本相关的网络资源11.Software are the instructions that tell the computer how to process date into the form you want. 软件就是指导计算机把数据转换成信息的指令12.In the most case, the words software and programs are interchangeable. 大多时候，软件和程序的概念是可以互换的13.系统软件是应用软件和计算机硬件的中间连接件。