非谓语动词用法归纳
一、表格的用法
1.doing 的用法
（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得 delay延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest 嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受 worth值得
You should try to avoid making mistakes.
The book is worth reading.
The book deserves reading.
（2）表进行
Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.
The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom.
（3）表主动
The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom.
= The man who spoke English is Tom.
Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled.
（4）表伴随
I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen.
I lie in bed reading a novel.
（5）表性质；特点
The film is very moving.
She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. （6）概括性,一般性
Climbing mountain is very interesting.
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性)
Our work is serving the people．
（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如：
Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
2. being done表示正在进行的被动
The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom.
Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad.
The building being built will be the tallest one in this city.
= The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city.
3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首)
Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home.
Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.
Having done the work, I went back home.
Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders.
4. having been done用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,（有过去时间或过去动作）
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. (要求动词后)
=I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then.
= Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
