非谓语动词用法归纳语法)
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非谓语动词的用法总结非谓语动词是汉语中一种特殊的动词形式,它不具备人称和数的特征,并不直接表达动作的主体,而是依附于其他句子成分,用来修饰名词、动词、形容词或整个句子。
非谓语动词包括了不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
今天我们就来总结一下它们的用法。
一、不定式(infinitive)是一种基本的非谓语动词形式,它的形态是“to + 动词原形”。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等。
例如:1. 作主语:To learn a new language is never too late.学一门新语言永远都不会太晚。
2. 作宾语:I want to visit Paris in the spring.我想在春天去巴黎旅游。
3. 作定语:The best way to improve your English is to practice every day.提高英语的最好方法就是每天练习。
4. 作表语:His dream is to become a famous musician.他的梦想是成为一名著名的音乐家。
5. 作同位语:Her wish is for everyone to be happy.她的愿望是每个人都快乐。
二、动名词(gerund)是名词化的动词,它的形态是动词的现在分词形式(V-ing),可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。
例如:1. 作主语:Swimming is good for your health.游泳对身体健康有好处。
2. 作宾语:He enjoys playing basketball in his free time.他喜欢在空闲时间打篮球。
3. 作定语:I have a meeting with my boss this afternoon.我今天下午有个与老板的会议。
4. 作表语:Her favorite activity is dancing.她最喜欢的活动是跳舞。
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词和谓语动词的形式及用法对比高中英语知识点归纳:非谓语动词和谓语动词的形式及用法对比在英语语法中,动词是一项重要的内容。
除了谓语动词,还有非谓语动词。
非谓语动词与谓语动词在形式和用法上有一些区别。
本文将对这两种类型的动词进行比较和总结。
一、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
下面将分别介绍它们的形式。
1. 动词不定式动词不定式的一般形式为“to + 动词原形”。
例如:- to study(学习)- to eat(吃)- to go(去)2. 动名词动名词的一般形式为“动词的-ing 形式”。
例如:- studying(学习)- eating(吃饭)- going(去)3. 分词分词有两种形式:现在分词(-ing 形式)和过去分词(-ed 或 -en 形式)。
例如:- studying(正在学习)- eaten(被吃掉的)- broken(被打破)二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种不同的成分,下面将分别介绍它们的用法。
1. 动词不定式的用法- 作主语:To study is important.(学习很重要。
)- 作宾语:I want to eat an apple.(我想吃一个苹果。
)- 作补语:His goal is to win the championship.(他的目标是赢得冠军。
)- 作定语:We need a pen to write.(我们需要一支笔来写字。
)- 作状语:She woke up early to catch the train.(她早早醒来以赶上火车。
)2. 动名词的用法- 作主语:Studying is important.(学习很重要。
)- 作宾语:I enjoy listening to music.(我喜欢听音乐。
)- 作补语:Her hobby is singing.(她的爱好是唱歌。
)- 作定语:I saw a flying bird.(我看到一只在飞的鸟。
非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一,同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。
它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。
但是,只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握,就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄,游刃有余。
一.非谓语动词区别简表二.不定式的用法不定式不可作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语(表用途)、状语或补足语。
高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词+不定式等。
作主语不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指一件已知的事或目的。
不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事,做是另外一回事。
)(2)不定式短语较长时,通常放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。
eg:①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。
)②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。
)③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。
)2.作宾语(1)常只用不定式作宾语的动词有:want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decid e,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn,choos e,refuse,fail,manage,pretend等。
eg:①He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.)②She has agreed to come tomorrow.(他已同意明天来.)(2) 不定式较长时,作宾语,也可用it代替,放在后面。
eg;I find it difficult to do the job well.(3) “特殊疑问词﹢不定式to do结构”具有名词特征,可作宾语。
英语语法之非谓语动词用法一、解析非谓动词作主语1. 不定式作主语。
如:To say is easier than to do.解析:用不定式作主语时,常表示一次性的、具体的、特指的动作,并且用it作形式主语而将其后置。
如上例可改为:It is easier to say than to do.2. 动名词作主语。
如:Walking after supper is good for both young and old.解析:若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名词。
二、解析非谓语动词作表语1. 不定式作表语。
如:What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice.The library books are not allowed to be taken away.解析:不定式作表语时,其后接动词(词组)主动式或被动式,与其最近的动词采用原形。
2. 动名词作表语。
如:His job is teaching.The most famous writings in the world are worth reading.解析:动名词作表语时,表语既具有动词特征又具有名词性,甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。
如上例可改为:Teaching is his job.3. 分词作表语。
如:The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in it.解析:现在分词作表语,表示主语所具有的特征,表语与主语之间是主动关系,并且常以物作主语,译为“某物怎么样”;过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的心理状态,主语和表语之间存在被动关系,并且常以人作主语,译为“某人感到怎么样”。
具有这一用法的有:surprise, interest, touch, move, puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy, encourage等三、解析非谓语动词作宾语1. 不定式作宾语。
语法(非谓语动词)I. 动词不定式和动名词的构成形式动词不定式是由“ to + 动词原形”构成;动名词由动词+ing构成。
主动式有:一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式;II. 动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解一.做主语⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:(1)把不定式置于句首。
如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。
如:①It+be+名词+to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb + some time + to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It+be+形容词+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb+to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。
在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。
英语中非谓语动词的三种形式和用法在谓语以外的句子成分中使用的动词一定要变词形(不能用动词原形),把动词原形变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词,所以我们把这三种动词形式称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词在保留动词特征(能带宾语、状语等)的同时,又兼有其他几种词类的特征,比如:1.作主语、宾语时-兼有名词性质,相当于一个概念名词、意群(名词词组)或者名词性从句。
相当于一个名词:Reading is great fun.阅读很有趣。
相当于一个意群:Reading extensively is very necessary.广泛阅读是很必要的。
相当于名词从句:For him to be dishonest is not easy.让他变得不诚实可不容易。
2.作定语时-兼有形容语性质,相当于一个形容语、形容词词组或者定语从句(形容词性从句)。
相当于一个形容词:We love moving movies.我们喜欢动人的电影。
There are some fallen leaves on the ground now.现在地上有些落叶了。
相当于一个形容词词组:China will be a highly developed country in dozens of years.再过几十年中国将成为一个高度发达的国家。
相当于一个形容词从句:She saw a small bird wounded in one wing.她看见一只有个翅膀受伤的小鸟。
作状语时-兼有副词性质,相当于一个副词、副词词组或者副词从句(状语从句)。
相当于一个副词:She was happy to come.她很高兴地来了。
相当于一个副词词组:To be frank (frankly),I disagree with you.坦率地说,我不同意你的话。
相当于一个副词从句:Being late for class (=Because he was late for class), Tom was afraid to enter the classroom.由于迟到,汤姆不敢进教室。
精选全文完整版非谓语动词定义不做句子的谓语,而是充当其他语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。
分为三种:不定式(Infinitive),分词(Participles),动名词(Gerund)。
一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别谓语动词的作用明确而单一,非谓语动词的作用丰富:1.非谓语动词作名词词性(不定式和动名词)Your duty is to look after the children. 你的工作是照看好孩子。
Complaining is no use. 抱怨是没有用的。
2. 非谓语动词做形容词词性(分词、不定式和动名词)The vase is broken. 那个花瓶破了。
He is a nice person to work with. 他是一个很好共事的人。
We found the story amusing. 我们发现这个故事很有意思。
3. 非谓语动词做副词词性(不定式和分词)They are working hard to win still greater victory. 他们在努力工作争取更大的胜利。
The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二、非谓语动词的用法A 不定式(to do)在非谓语动词中,不定式的用法最广泛。
它在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和主语补足语或宾语补足语。
也就是说,不定式可以充当除谓语以外的所有成分。
1. 做主语To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 说是一码事,干是另一码事。
* 注:形式主语it,当不定式做主语时,特别是当主语较长而谓语较短时,常用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在谓语的后面。
此种用法在日常英语中尤为常见。
It is not fair to blame them for the accident. 把这次事故归咎于他们是不公平的。
非谓语动词的种类与用法总结动词作为语言中最基本的词类之一,在句子中承担着重要的语法和意义角色。
其中,谓语动词以其表达动作或状态的时间、方式、程度等信息而被广泛使用。
相对于谓语动词,非谓语动词作为不具备谓语功能的动词形式,在句子中扮演不同的角色。
本文将总结非谓语动词的种类及其用法。
一、动名词动名词是以-ing形式构成的,可作为名词使用。
它有以下的用法:1. 作主语:- Running is good for health.(跑步对健康有好处。
)- Dancing requires coordination.(跳舞需要协调。
)2. 作宾语:- I enjoy swimming in the summer.(夏天我喜欢游泳。
)- She suggested going to the movies.(她建议去看电影。
)3. 作表语:- Her hobby is singing.(她的爱好是唱歌。
)- The best part of traveling is experiencing new cultures.(旅行最好的部分是体验新的文化。
)4. 作定语:- The crying baby kept me awake all night.(那个哭闹的婴儿整晚让我没法入睡。
)- I saw a running dog in the street.(我在街上看到一只跑步的狗。
)二、不定式不定式是以to加动词原形构成的,可作为名词、形容词或副词使用。
它有以下的用法:1. 作主语:- To learn a new language requires patience.(学习一门新语言需要耐心。
)- To travel is my dream.(旅行是我的梦想。
)2. 作宾语:- I want to buy a new car.(我想买一辆新车。
)- He needs to finish the report by tomorrow.(他需要在明天之前完成报告。
非谓语动词的用法总结例句一、非谓语动词的定义及作用非谓语动词是指在句子中充当状语、定语或补语,不带有主谓关系的动词形式。
其主要形式包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
非谓语动词的使用可以丰富句子结构,使得表达更加准确明确,在英语写作中具有重要作用。
二、不定式的用法及例句1. 不定式作目的状语 (Infinitive as Purpose Adverbial)例:He works hard to pass the exam.他努力学习以通过考试。
2. 不定式作原因状语 (Infinitive as Cause Adverbial)例:I came here to learn English.我来这里是为了学习英语。
3. 不定式作结果状语 (Infinitive as Result Adverbial)例:She ran so fast as to catch up with him.她跑得如此快,以至于赶上了他。
4. 不定式作目标 (Infinitive as Objective)例:She wants to become a doctor.她想成为一名医生。
5. 不定式表示愿望 (Expressing Wish or Desire)例:I hope to see you again soon.我希望很快能再见到你。
6. 不定式作宾补 (Infinitive as Object Complement)例:We elected her to be our leader.我们选她作为我们的领导。
三、现在分词的用法及例句1. 现在分词作状语 (Present Participle as Adverbial)例:Walking in the park, she met her old friend.她在公园里散步时遇到了她的老朋友。
2. 现在分词作定语 (Present Participle as Attributive)例:He gave me an interesting book written by himself.他给了我一本有趣的自己写的书。
非谓语动词用法归纳 主动 被动 1. doing 用在要求动词后;进行;伴随;性质;特点;概括;抽象;一般 3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首) 2. being done正在进行的被动 4. having been done用于句首;要求动词后(有过去时间或过去动作)
5. to do 用在要求动词后;目的;将来;具体 7. to have done 在要求动词后表完成的动作(一般用在句中) 6. to be done将来的被动 8. to have been done用在要求动词后(有过去时间或过去动作)
9. done 被动;完成(一般或普遍时间) 一、表格的用法 1. doing 的用法 (1)在要求动词后(作宾语):avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢,讨厌deserve值得 delay延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受 worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. (2)表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. (3)表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. (4)表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. (5)表性质;特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. (6)概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people. (7)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词's+动名词。例如: Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 2. being done表示正在进行的被动 The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad. The building being built will be the tallest one in this city. = The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city. 3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首) Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home. Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest. Having done the work, I went back home. Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders. 4. having been done用于句首;有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,(有过去时间或过去动作) I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. (要求动词后) =I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then. = Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. I enjoy giving the opportunity to study abroad to Mr. Wang. I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now. Having been finished, the report was turned in.= After the report had been finished, it was turned in. 5. to do的用法: (1)用在要求动词后: 接to do的动词(作宾语) attempt企图afford负担得起arrange安排appear似乎,显得 ask问 agree同意 believe 认为、相信begin开始beg请求 bother扰乱/烦恼care关心,喜欢 choose选择 claim要求 consent同意,赞同 contrive设法,图谋demand要求 destine注定 determine决定 dread害怕 desire愿望 decide决定 enable能够 expect期望 endeavor努力fail不能hate憎恨/厌恶 happen碰巧 hesitate犹豫 hope希望 intend想要 incline有…倾向 long渴望 love爱 learn学习 mean意欲,打算manage设法neglect忽视need需要omit忽略,漏 offer提供 pretend假装 plan计划 prefer喜欢/宁愿 prepare准备 profess表明 promise承诺/允许 propose提议refuse拒绝swear宣誓 start开始 seek找/寻觅 try试图undertake承接 volunteer志愿 vow起 wish希望 want想要 (2)表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作(做表语)。 Our work is to serve the people. The person to do the job is Tom. = The person who will do the job is Tom. To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。 如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose, thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.