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应收账款管理英文文献

应收账款管理英文文献
应收账款管理英文文献

应收账款管理英文文献

应收账款管理

Management of Account Receivable

Accounts Receivable Management Best Practices

John G. Salek

ISBN: 978-0-471-71654-9

Hardcover

224 pages

July 2005

Wiley List Price: US $64.00

Praise for Accounts Receivable Management Best Practices

"An excellent reference tool on how to manage the accounts

receivable process for any company. The use of real-life examples makes the concepts easy to understand. I recommend the book to anyone who wants to improve cash flow and reduce bad debt loss."

—Michael E. Beaulieu, Senior Vice President, Finance Cardinal

Health

"Rather than simply explaining how to get the greatest return from

an investment in accounts receivable, John G. Salek reveals how companies shoot themselves in the foot when management sets policies and procedures without consideration of the impact on cash flow. Accounts Receivable Management Best Practices isn't just for credit and

collection professionals who often spend more time cleaning up process

errors and other corporate 'garbage,' instead of managing risk. It should be required reading for C-level executives, the sales staff, operations managers, and anybody else whose job impacts the order-to-cash cycle."

—David Schmidt, Principal, A2 Resources Coauthor of Power Collecting: Automation for Effective Asset Management

"Enhancing a company's competitive profile is all about giving enough customers the right product, at the right price, at the right time. This author's real-world approach to accomplishing this goal through the prism of receivables management makes this book a must-read for those companies looking to make their mark as an organization that cares about its customers as well as their own need to produce financial results." —Bruce C. Lynn, Managing Director The Financial Executives Consulting Group, LLC

"I have worked with John Salek since 1992, both as his client and as a project manager working with his organization. His knowledge of receivables management . . . the technology, the processes, and the formula for success . . . are unsurpassed in the field."

—Stephen L. Watts, Manager, Global Receivables (retired) General Electric Medical Systems

"Mr. Salek has written a masterpiece on the intricacies and management of the accounts receivable portfolio. I would recommend this book to CFOs, controllers, treasurers, credit managers, and small business owners." —Steve Kozack, Credit Manager Lennox Hearth Products

"Written by an author who has been in the trenches and cites actual examples. This is not written in theory, but

from practice."

—Milt Dardis, Collection Consultant Dardis & Associates

----------------------

Abstract: Account receivable is the fund that should be received

from the purchasing or labor hiring entity for an

enterprise’s sale of its commodities or products as well as its providing of labor service. Under the circumstances of market economy, using its credit standing to exert the labor benefaction is an unavoidable business behavior, which may be treated as a major method

for enterprises to enlarge its business and raise its market share. However,

by the influences of marketplace economic system and project management as well as engineering construction, the Account receivable increases rapidly year by year, so as to make the difficulties in

ente rprise’s capital turnover.

Those hard situations even made the employees can’t get their full pay of the salary. By analysis of the cause and the advantages and disadvantages of it, this article introduced some way of how to minimize the Account receivable.

关键词key words:应收账款Account receivable;工程施工Engineering construction;合同管理The management

of contracts

摘要:应收账款是企业因销售商品、产品、提供劳务等,应向购货单位或劳务单位收取的款项。在市场经

济条件下利用自身的商业信用,施舍劳务是不可避免的商业行为,通过先施舍劳务可使企业更多地承揽业

务、扩大市场份额,是企业提高市场占有率的必要手段。但是近年来由于市场经济体制及工程管理和工程

施工过程中的种种原因,造成应收账款迅速膨胀,逐年增加,致使企业资金周转困难,甚至连工资都难以

正常发放。本文分析了应收账款形成的原因及利弊,提出了如何减少应收账款的途径。

关键词:应收账款;工程施工;合同管理

参考资料:

市场营销学是一门主要研究如何为产品找到最适宜的目标市场,以及如何尽可能挖掘并开拓目标市场的学

科。使产品通过市场为企业带来最大效益,则正是市场营销的目的所在。

市场营销学不仅仅意味着营销本身,也意味着“以顾客为出发点”的理念,这个理念应该在每种产品从构

想到售后服务的整个过程中得意贯彻。因此我认为,在市场经济中,市场营销的参与是全方位的,也是不

可或缺的。

我认为以下三点是市场营销的关键

一.针对性区分不同消费群体的,是不同的需求。只有通过研究市场,找到最需要当前产品的消费者群体

——即目标市场,才能实现产品的最大价值。而如果在研究市场的过程中发现某一未被满足需求的消费群

体,甚至预测出社会发展可能带来的某些新需求,有针对性地提早进行新产品的研发,更能为企业带来巨

大的收益。在保证了产品的针对性后,营销手段的针对性同样必不可少。根据不同消费群体不同的心理需

求,制定有针对性的营销计划,可以取得事半功倍的效果。

二.;差异性差异,决定消费者选择。这里差异性并不等于事实上产品本身的差异性,而是在消费者对各种

产品认知上的差异性。如果营销能敏感地抓住产品与市场上同类或相似产品相比所具有的优势、特点、不

可替代性、甚至仅仅是差异本身,将可以很好的吸引目标市场。当然,如何区别于市场上比比皆是的,已

让消费者感到麻木的营销方式,快速准确地吸引目标市场的注意力并达到良好效果,也是市场营销研究的一个重点。

三.;创新性如果一种产品要长期投放市场,我认为这一点尤其重要。营销手段的创新固然重要,但在长期的市场竞争中,,如果产品能够在保持原先优势的前提下,不断地弥补原先的弱点,增加更多吸引消费者的因素,营销自然可以常做常新,并且会得到更广阔的发挥空间。

可以看出,只有在掌握市场趋势的前提下,注重产品质量的根基上,营销才能发挥其最大的效用。在市场营销中,市场、产品、营销是不可分割的,而针对性、差异性、创新性也应当被时刻谨记。市场营销是一门紧密联系实际的,因此我觉得在学习市场营销的过程中,深厚的政治经济学、管理学、社会学的知识,扎实的数学功底自然必不可少,沟通能力、表达能力、以及心理学知识在实际生活中运用的

能力也同等重要。市场营销是一门重要的学科,更是市场经济中的一门艺术,产生的不仅是利润,更有神话般的奇迹。

中英文论文参考文献标准格式 超详细

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英语论文参考文献精选3篇 英语论文参考文献精选1篇 英文及其它语种的文献在前,中文文献在后,参照以下标准执行。 期刊论文 Bolinger, D. 1965. The atomization of word meaning [J]. Language 41 (4): 555-573. 朱永生,2006,名词化、动词化与语法隐喻[J],《外语教学与研究》(2):83-90。 论文集论文 Bybee, J. 1994. The grammaticization of zero: Asymmetries in tense and aspect systems [A]. In W. Pagliuca (ed.). Perspectives on Grammaticalization [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 235-254. 文秋芳,2003a,英语学习者动机、观念、策略的变化规律与特点 [A]。载文秋芳、王立非(编),《英语学习策略实证研究》[C]。西安:陕西师范大学出版社。255-259。 网上文献 Jiang, Yan. 2000. The Tao of verbal communication: An Elementary textbook on pragmatics and discourse analysis [OL]. (accessed 30/04/2006). 王岳川,2004,当代传媒中的网络文化与电视批评[OL], (2005年11月18日读取)。 专著 Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language [M]. New York: Holt. 吕叔湘、朱德熙,1952,《语法修辞讲话》[M]。北京:中国青年出版社。 译著 Nedjalkov, V. P. (ed.). 1983/1988. Typology of Resultative Constructions, trans. Bernard Comrie [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 赵元任,1968/1980,《中国话的文法》(A Grammar of Spoken Chinese)[M],丁邦新译。英语论文参考文献精选3篇英语论文参考文献精选3篇。香港:香港中文大学出版社。 编著/论文集

财务管理术语中英文对照

财务管理术语表 Absorption costing 吸收成本法: Total Cost Methods全部成本法: 将某会计期间内发生的固定成本除以销售量,得出单位产品的固定成本,再加上单位变动成本,算出单位产品的总成本。 Accounting 会计:对企业活动的财务信息进行测量和综合,从而向股东、经理和员工提供企业活动的信息。请参看管理会计和财务会计。 Accounting convention会计原则:会计师在会计报表的处理中所遵循的原则或惯例。正因为有了这些原则,不同企业的会计报表以及同一企业不同时期的会计报表才具有可比性。如果会计原则在实行中发生了一些变化,那么审计师就应该在年度报表附注中对此进行披露。 Accounts 会计报表和账簿: 这是英国的叫法,在美国,会计报表或财务报表叫做Financial Statements,是指企业对其财务活动的记录。Chief financial officer Accounts payable应付账款: 这是美国的叫法,在英国,应付账款叫做Creditors,是指公司从供应商处购买货物、但尚未支付的货款。 Accounts receivable 应收账款:这是美国的叫法,在英国,应收账款叫做Debtors,是指客户从公司购买商品或服务,公司已经对其开具发票,但客户尚未支付的货款。 Accrual accounting 权责发生制会计:这种方法在确认收入和费用时,不考虑交易发生时有没有现金流的变化。比如,公司购买一项机器设备,要等到好几个月才支付现金,但会计师却在购买当时就确认这项费用。如果不使用权责发生制会计,那么该会计系统称作“收付制”或“现金会计”。Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧:它显示截止到目前为止的折旧总额。将资产成本减去累计折旧,所得结果就是账面净值。 Acid test 酸性测试:这是美国的叫法,请参看quick ratio速动比率(英国叫法)。 Activity ratio 活动比率: 资产周转率,即销售收入除以净资产(或总资产)。它表明企业在销售过程中利用资产的效率,而不考虑资本的来源。零售业和服务业的活动比率通常比较高。制造业通常是资本密集型的,固定资产的流动资产较多,因此其活动比率也就比较低。 Allcation of costs 成本的分配:将成本分配给“拥有”它们的产品或分部,比如用某产品的广告成本抵减该产品的收入。 Amortization 摊销: 将资产或负债价值的逐渐减少记录在各期费用里。通常是指商誉、专利或其他无形资产,或者债券的发行费用。 Assets 资产: 企业所拥有的财产,可能包括固定资产、流动资产和无形资产。 Asset turnover: 资产周转率 Auditing 审计对公司账簿和会计系统进行检查,从而确认公司的会计报表是否真实、公正地披露其财务状况的过程。 Auditors’ report审计报告:根据法律规定,有限公司每年都应当公布一份会计报表,同时审计师应当出具意见,以确认公司是否对其商业活动进行了真实、公正的披露。为了确认这一点,审计师需要检查公司的会计报表。如果他们对报表不满意,他们就会出具“保留意见”,提了同报表中他们认为错误或不确定的项目。审计师出具的保留意见可能会对公司的公众形象和股票价格产生灾难性的影响。Authorized capital 核定资本:经过核定允许发行的实收资本额。在核定资本的时候,公司需要支付印花税。如果在核定资本额的全部股票都发行完之后,董事们还希望发行新的股票,则需要得到股东的允许。一旦批准之后,公司的董事会就可以在批准的额度内随意发行新的股票。

英语论文参考文献格式

用Times New Roman。每一条目顶格, 如某一条目超过一行,从第二行起“悬挂缩进”2字符。参考文献中所有标点与符号均在英文状态下输入,标点符号后空一格。 参考文献条目排列顺序:英文文献、中文文献、网络文献。分别按作者姓氏字母顺序排列。文献前不用序号。 1)英文参考文献 (1)专著与编著 排列顺序为:作者姓、名、专著名、出版地、出版社、出版年。 例如: Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. New York: Knopf, 1993. 专著名中如果还包含其他著作或作品名,后者用斜体。 例如: Dunn, Richard J ed. Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre. New York: Norton, 1971. A.两个至三个作者 第一作者的姓在前,名在后,中间用逗号隔开;其余作者名在前,姓在后,中间无逗号;每个作者之间用逗号隔开,最后一个作者的姓名前用“and”,后用句号。 例如: Rowe, Richard, and Larry Jeffus. The Essential Welder: Gas Metal Arc Welding Classroom Manual. Albany: Delmar, 2000. B. 三个以上作者 第一作者姓名(姓在前,名在后,中间加逗号)后接“et al.”,其他作者姓名省略。 例如: Randall, John et al. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997. C. 同一作者同一年出版的不同文献,参照下例: Widdowson, Henry G. EIL: Squaring the Circles. A Reply. London: Lomgman, 1998a. Widdowson, Henry G. Communication and Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998b. (2)论文集 参照下例: Thompson, Pett. “Modal Verbs in Academic Writing”. In Ben Kettlemann & Marko, Henry ed. Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis. New York: Rodopi, 2002: 305-323. (3)百科全书等参考文献 参照下例: Fagan, Jeffrey. “Gangs and Drugs”.Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior. New York: Macmillan, 2001. (4)学术期刊论文 参照下例: Murphy, Karen. “Meaningful Connections: Using Technology in Primary Classrooms”. Young Children. 2003, (6): 12-18. (5)网络文献 参照下例: ----“Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About URL” . . 2)中文参考文献

英语优秀论文参考文献格式要求

英语优秀论文参考文献格式要求

————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:

英语专业本科毕业论文 参考文献格式要求 I.文内引用 (一)直接引用 1.引用中的省略 原始资料的引用:在正文中直接引用时,应给出作者、年份,并用带括号的数字标出页码。若有任何资料省略,使用英文时,应用3个省略号在句中标出(…),中文用6个(……);若两句间的资料省略,英文应用4个省略号标出(‥‥),中文用6个(……)。若要在直接引用插入自己的解释,应使用方括号[ ]。若在资料中有什么错误拼写、错误语法或标点错误会使读者糊涂,应在引用后立即插入[sic],中文用[原文如此]。下面是一些示例: 例一:The DSM IV defines the disorder [dysthymic] as being in a chronically depressed mood that occurs for "most of the day more days than not for at least two years (Criterion A) .... In children, the mood may be irritable rather than depressed, and the required minimum duration is only one year" (APA, 1994, p. 345). 例二:Issac (1995) states that bipolar disorder "is not only uncommon but may be the most diagnostic entity in children and adolescents in similar settings .... and may be the most common diagnosis in adolescents who are court-remanded to such settings" (p.275). 2.大段落引用 当中文引用超过160字时,不使用引号,而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行,首行缩进4个空格,两端对齐,之后每行都缩进)。 当英文引用超过40字时,不使用引号,而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行,首行缩进5个空格,左对齐,之后每行都缩进)。 Elkind (1978) states:

中英文论文参考文献范例

https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed2109822.html, 中英文论文参考文献 一、中英文论文期刊参考文献 [1].面向中英文混合环境的多模式匹配算法. 《软件学报》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2008年3期.孙钦东.黄新波.王倩. [2].基于自适应特征与多级反馈模型的中英文混排文档分割. 《自动化学报》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2006年3期.夏勇.王春恒.戴汝为. [3].基于最大熵方法的中英文基本名词短语识别. 《计算机研究与发展》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI 收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2003年3期.周雅倩.郭以昆.黄萱菁.吴立德. [4].中英文指代消解中待消解项识别的研究. 《计算机研究与发展》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI 收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2012年5期.孔芳.朱巧明.周国栋. [5].基于树核函数的中英文代词消解?. 《软件学报》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2013年5期.孔芳.周国栋. [6].基于树核函数的中英文代词消解. 《软件学报》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2012年5期.孔芳.周国栋. [7].一种并行中英文混合多模式匹配算法. 《计算机工程》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2014年4期.王震.李仁发.李彦彪.田峥. [8].中英文混合文章识别问题. 《软件学报》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2005年5期.王恺.王庆人.

英语论文参考文献总结,参考文献论文

英语论文参考文献总结,参考文献论文 Bibliographies: [1]Samour,L.A.andR.EPorter.InterculturalCommunication:AReader(5thed)[M].WadsworthPublish ingCo.,1988. [2]GoodmanK.S.Reading:ApsycholinguisticGuessingGame[J].JournalofReading,1976. [3]AndersonRC.FrameWorksforComprehendingDiscourse[J].AmericanEducationalResearchJournal, 1997,14:369. [4]胡文仲主编.文化与交际[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1994. [5]肖健壮.英语学习策略[M].北京:现代出版社,1997. [6]马博森.“阅读教学中的话语分析模式”,外语教学与研究[M].2000年第2期63-66页. [7]廖道胜.“中国学生英语阅读中的文化障碍”,外语教学[M].2001年第4期73-77. BiographicalData WangLin,holdsadoctorateinComparativeLiteratureandisvice-professorandDeanoftheEnglishDepa rtmentofFoshanUniversity.HespecializesinEnglishLiteratureandTranslation.HeteachesEnglishread ing,translation,Englishliterature,EnglishpoetryandhastranslatedmorethantwentyEnglishfictiona landnon-fictionalworks,suchasAesop’sFables,TheBlackPearl,TheNaturalism,ThePresidentLady,and

英语论文参考文献范例一

[1]BJZimmerman,DHSchunk.Theconstructivistapproachtoself-regulationandlearningintheclassroo m[A].Theory,ResearchandPractice.NewYork:Springer-VerlagNewYorkInc,1989. [2]BJZimmerman.BecomingaSelf-regulatedLearner:AnOverview[J].TheoryintoPractice,2002,(41) . [3]BJZimmerman.Self-regulationoflearningandperformance[D]LawrenceErlbaumAssociates,1994 ,(4). [4]陈克娥.高中生自主学习的影响因素研究[J].高等函授学报,2009,(22). [5]陈孝彬.教育管理学[M].北京师范大学出版社,2004. [6]陈学斌.实用英语教学法[A].当代英语教学法使用模式与技巧[C].清华大学出版社,2002. [7]邓鹂鸣.发展外语习得者的自主学习意识[J].四川外语学院学报,2004,(20). [8]葛文山.巧用“记忆的组块效应”记英语单词[J].教学与管理,2005,(19). [9]郭宝仙.有效英语学习活动的特征分析[J].全球教育展望,2005,(34). [10]郭佳.高中生自主学习现状调查研究[D].沈阳师范大学硕士学位论文,2012. [11]侯建军.国外自主学习能力培养研究及启示[J].教学与管理,2007,(36). [12]黄维.高校学生知识管理支持系统的构建研究[D].扬州大学硕士学位论文,2012. [13]JosephD.Novak.LearningHowtoLearn[M].CambridgeUniversityPress,1984. [14]教育部.全日制义务教育普通高级中学英语课程标准(实验稿)[M].北京师范大学出版社,2001. [15]李维.学习心理学[M].四川人民教育出版社,2000. [16]李晓媛.浅析多媒体技术在英语教学中的应用[J].中小学外语教学,2004,(10). [17]梁俊芳.在高中阶段实施英语经典原版小说简易读本泛读教学的尝试[J].中小学外语教学,2011,(10). [18]林榕航.知识管理原理[M].厦门大学出版社,2005. [19]林斯坦.科学化学习导论[M].福建:海峡书局出版社,2010. [20]MoJu365.SPSS信度分析[EB/OL].2011-09-16. [21]聂明芳.高中生自主学习的学校管理策略[D].苏州大学硕士学位论文,2010. [22]庞维国.论学生的自主学习[J].华东师范大学学报,2001,(20).[23]庞维国.90年代以来国外自主学习研究的若干进展[J].心理学动态,2000,(8). [24]庞维国.自主学习-学与教的原理和策略[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2003. [25]蒲昭青.国内外自主学习的研究现状[EB/OL].2013-11-27. [26]SAdler.Thereflectivepractitionerandthecurriculumofteachereducation[J].JournalofEducationfo rTeaching,1991,(17). [27]汪庆伟.高中生自主学习的影响因素研究外语自主学习的影响因素分析[J].理论与实践,2008,(10). [28]王松美.论学习动机课堂教学激励模式[J].中小学外语教学,2003,(5). [29]文秋芳.英语学习策略论[M].上海外语教育出版社,1996. [30]许迎军,雒丽.英语合作学习对学生自我调节效用的实验研究[J].辽宁师范大学学

英语论文参考文献格式要求

英语专业本科毕业论文 参考文献格式要求 I.文内引用 (一)直接引用 1.引用中的省略 原始资料的引用:在正文中直接引用时,应给出作者、年份,并用带括号的数字标出页码。若有任何资料省略,使用英文时,应用3个省略号在句中标出(…),中文用6个(……);若两句间的资料省略,英文应用4个省略号标出(‥‥),中文用6个(……)。若要在直接引用插入自己的解释,应使用方括号[ ]。若在资料中有什么错误拼写、错误语法或标点错误会使读者糊涂,应在引用后立即插入[sic],中文用[原文如此]。下面是一些示例: 例一:The DSM IV defines the disorder [dysthymic] as being in a chronically depressed mood that occurs for "most of the day more days than not for at least two years (Criterion A) .... In children, the mood may be irritable rather than depressed, and the required minimum duration is only one year" (APA, 1994, p. 345). 例二:Issac (1995) states that bipolar disorder "is not only uncommon but may be the most diagnostic entity in children and adolescents in similar settings .... and may be the most common diagnosis in adolescents who are court-remanded to such settings" (p.275). 2.大段落引用 当中文引用超过160字时,不使用引号,而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行,首行缩进4个空格,两端对齐,之后每行都缩进)。 当英文引用超过40字时,不使用引号,而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行,首行缩进5个空格,左对齐,之后每行都缩进)。 Elkind (1978) states:

英语论文的参考文献大全格式

英语论文的参考文献大全格式 [1]蒋花,史志康.整合与对话一论《金色笔记》中的戏仿[J].当代外国文学,20212:78. [2]黄梅.女人的危机和小说的危机--女人与小说杂谈之四[J].读书,198801:5. [3]孙宗白.真诚的女作家多丽丝·莱辛[J].外国文学研宄,19813:70. [4]施旻.《金色笔记》是女性主义文本吗·一关于多丽丝·莱辛及其《金色笔记》的 论争[J].东岳论丛,20005: 132-134. [5]李福祥.多丽丝·莱辛笔下的政治与妇女主题[J].外国文学评论,19934:40-43 [6]黎会华·多丽丝·莱辛《金色笔记》中的现代主义技巧分析[J].外语研究,20216:73. [7]陈才宇,刘新民.金色笔记[M].北京:译林出版社,2000. [8]黎会华·解构菲勒斯中心:构建新型女性主义主体一《金色笔记》的女性主义阅 读[J].浙江师范大学学报,20213:33. [9]韩小敏,纪卫宁.析伍尔夫与莱辛文学创作的相似性[J].理论专刊,20218:125-126. [10]姜红.有意味的形式[J].外国文学,20214:96-98. [11]徐燕.《金色笔记》的超小说艺术[J].宁波大学学报,20213:78-80 [12]蒋花,史志康.整合与对话一论《金色笔记》中的戏仿[J].当代外国文学,20212:78. [13]卢婧.《金色笔记》的艺术形式与作者莱辛的人生体验[D].南京师范大学博士学 位论文,2021. [14]佘海若.迟来的正义:被缚的自由女性一记2021年诺贝尔文学奖[J].今日科苑,202123: 19-24. [15]刘颖.建构女性的主体性话语一评多丽丝·莱辛的《金色笔记》[J].邵阳学院学报,20214. [16]范晓红.从《金色笔记》解读多丽丝·莱辛的生态整体观[D].南京师范大学,2021.

财务管理分析英文版

一、判断题(10*2’) ( T )1、A company’s retur n on equity will always equal or exceed its return on assets. 一个公司的权益收益率总是大于或等于其资产收益率。 ( T)2、A company’s assets-to-equity ratio always equals one plus its liabilities-to-equity ratio. 一个公司的资产权益比总是等于1加负债权益比。 ( F )3、A company’s collection period sho uld always be less than its payables period. 一个公司的应收账款回收期总是小于其应付账款付款期。 ( T )4、A company’s current radio must always be larger than its acid-test-radio. 一个公司的流动比率一定大于速动比率。 ( F )5、Economic earnings are more volatile than accounting earnings. 经济利润比会计利润更加变动不定。 ( F )6、Ignoring taxes and transactions costs , unrealized paper gains are less valuable than realized cash earnings. 若不考虑税收和交易成本,未实现的纸上盈利不如已实现的现金盈利有价值。 ( F)7、A company’s sustainable growth rate is the highest growth rate in sales it can att ain without issuing new stock. 一家公司的可持续增长率是他在不增发新股情况下所能取得的最高的销售增长率。 ( F )8、The stock market is a ready source of new capital when a company is incurring heavy losses 当一家公司蒙受惨重损失时,股票市场即为它随时可动用的新的资本来源。 ( T )9、Share repurchases usually increase earnings per share. 股票回购通常增加每股收益。 ( T)10、Companies often buy back their stock because managers believe the shares are undervalued. 因为管理者相信股票被低估了,所以公司经常买回它们的股票。 ( F )11、Only rapidly growing firms have growth management problems. 只有快速增长的公司才有增长管理的问题。 ( F )12、Increasing growth increases stock price. 提高增长增加股票价格。 二、名词解释(5*3’) 1、The balance sheet P6 A balance sheet is a financial snapshot , taken at a point in time , of all the assets the company owns and all the claims against those assets. 资产负债表相当于一张财务快照,它反映了企业在某一时点上拥有的全部资产和与之相对的全部要求权。

财务管理案例分析-英文版

LAURENTIAN BAKERIES The decision-maker must make a recommendation on a large expansion project. Discounted cash flow analysis is required. In late May, 1995, Danielle Knowles, vice-president of operations for Laurentian Bakeries Inc., was preparing a capital expenditure proposal to expand the company’s frozen pizza plant in Winnipeg Manitoba. If the opportunity to expand into the U.S. frozen pizza market was taken, the company would need extra capacity. A detailed analysis, including a net present value calculation, was required by the company’s Capital Allocation Policy for all capital expenditures in order to ensure that projects were both profitable and consistent with corporate strategies. COMPANY BACKGROUHD Established in 1984, Laurentian Bakeries Inc. (Laurentian) manufactured a variety of frozen baked food products at plants in Winnipeg (pizzas), Toronto (cakes) and Montreal (pies). While each plant operated as a profit center, they shared a common sales force located at the company’ head office in Montreal. Although the Toronto plant was responsible for over 40% of corporate revenues in fiscal 1994, and the other plants was accounted for about 30% each, all three divisions contributed equally to profits. The company enjoyed strong competitive positions in all three markets and it was the low cost producer in the pizza market. Income Statements and Balance Sheets for the 1993 to 1995 fiscal years are in Exhibits 1 and 2, respectively. Laurentian sold most of its products to large grocery chains, and in fact, supplying several Canadian chains with private label brand pizzas generated much of the sales growth. Other sales were made to institutional food services. The company’s success was, in part, the product of its management’s philosophies. The cornerstone of Laurentian’s operations was its including a commitment to a business strategy promoting continuous improvement; for example all employees were empowered to think about and make suggestions for ways of reducing waste. As Danielle Knowles saw it: “Continuous improvement is a way of life at Lauremtian.” Also, the company was known for its above –average consideration for the human resource and environmental impact of its business decisions. These philosophies drove all policy-making, including those policies governing capital allocation. Danielle Knowles Danielle Knowles’s career, which spanned 13 years in the food industry, had included p ositions in other functional areas such as marketing and finance. She had received an undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering from Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, and a master of business administration from the Western Business School. THE PIZZA INDUSTRY Major segments in the pizza market were frozen pizza, deli-fresh chilled pizza, restaurant pizza and take-out pizza. Of these four, restaurant and take-out were the largest. While these segments consisted of thousands of small-owned establishments, a few large North American chains, which included Domino’s, Pizza Hut and Little Caesar’s, dominated.

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