把握“ it ”用作形式宾语的特殊结构（附答案）
在英语中，当动词不定式、动名词或从句在句中充当宾语且其后又带有宾语补足语时，习惯上要在宾
语补足语前使用一个没有具体意义的形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移到补足语的后面，构成动词+ it+宾
语补足语＋不定式（动名词或从句）”结构。如：
She felt it her duty （to take good care of them）. 括号内为真正宾语她感到好好照顾他们是她的责任。
I think it no good going there now. 我认为现在去那里没有好处。
The headmaster has made it clear （that the school meeting will not be put off）. 校长说得很清楚校会不会推迟。
但我们常会碰到it 用作形式宾语时之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语的情况，这一点在近几年高考试题中经常涉及，需引起同学们的注意。
I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full. （NMET 1998）
A. it
B. that
C. these
D. them （答案为: A）我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。
I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. （全国卷2004）
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one （答案为: C）
我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。
以上这两道高考题中，it用作形式宾语，它的真正的宾语则是由when引导的从句。“it的这种特殊用
法常出现在以下几种结构中。
A. 动词＋it＋when / if 从句。常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer 等少数动词之后。
We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour. 要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work. 要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。
B. 动词+ it + that 从句。常见于like, take, have, put 等少数动词之后。
I take it that they will succeed sooner or later. 我认为他们迟早会成功的。
The newspapers have it that some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt. 报上说一些日本商号破产了。
C. 动词+ it + 介词短语+ that 从句。常见于bring it to one's attention; owe it to sb; take it for granted 等结构中。
I owe it to you that I finished my work in time. 多亏有你我才及时完成了工作。
Don't take it for granted that they will support you. 不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。
D. 动词+ 介词（短语） + it + that 从句。常见于answer for, depend on, rely on, insist on, look to, see to, stick to 等结构中。
I'll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我将负责按时做好一切准备。
You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English. 你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。
E. 动词+ it +过去分词+从句。常见于几个可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词之后。
I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1995.
我听说那家工厂是1995 年创建的。
They haven't made it known where the meeting is to take place. 他们没有宣布会议在哪里召开。
理解了上述几种情形，不妨完成下列巩固练习：【答案在下方】
1. I would appreciate it____ you call back this afternoon for the doctor's appointment. (上海卷
2003)
A. until
B. if
C. when
D. that
2. I don't think ___ possible to master a foreign language without much work. (MET 1990)
A. this
B. that
C. its
D. it
3. We all took ___ for granted that he would agree with us.( MET 1987 )
A. it
B. him
C. that
D. what
4. ____ that you are not late for school again.
A. See to
B. Look to
C. See to it
D. Look it to
5. I've often _____ that he has great concern for his comrades.
A. heard it said
B. heard said
C. heard said it
D. heard it say
6. Why don't you bring ___ to his attention that you are too ill to go on working?
