联合国宪章

联合国宪章诠释联合国宪章是联合国最高的法律文件，于1945年6月26日通过，并于1945年10月24日正式生效。

宪章共包含了19个章节和111条条款，阐明了联合国的宗旨、原则和职能，为国际社会的合作与发展提供了法律基础。

联合国宪章的诠释是对宪章的逐条解释和理解，下面将对宪章的重要内容进行解读。

联合国宪章明确了其宗旨和原则。

宪章第一章规定了联合国的宗旨，包括维持国际和平与安全、发展友好关系、促进国际合作、解决国际争端以及实现国际社会为人类福祉所共同追求的目标等。

宪章强调了国家主权的平等和相互尊重、不干涉其他国家内政、和平解决争端、遵循国际法、互利合作等原则。

联合国宪章规定了联合国的组织和职能。

宪章第二章至第十九章规定了联合国的各个机构及其职能，包括联合国大会、安全理事会、经济社会理事会、国际法院等。

这些机构各司其职，共同推动联合国的宗旨和原则。

联合国宪章强调了国际和平与安全。

宪章规定了和平解决争端的原则和方法，强调通过谈判、调解、仲裁和协商解决国际争端，反对使用武力。

联合国宪章还设立了安全理事会，并给予其对和平与安全问题的主要责任。

安全理事会负有维护国际和平与安全、采取和实施决议、解决争端等重要职责。

联合国宪章关注发展问题。

宪章规定了促进全球经济和社会发展的原则和方法。

联合国经济社会理事会负责推动各国经济和社会发展合作，采取一系列措施促进全球发展和消除贫困。

联合国宪章强调了人权和基本自由。

宪章规定了促进和保护人权与尊严的原则，强调各国在国内和国际上保障人权和基本自由。

联合国成立了人权理事会，并推动了一系列国际人权法律文件的制定与实施。

联合国宪章设立了国际法院。

宪章规定了国际法的适用和作用，以及国际法院的职能和权力。

国际法院是联合国的主要法律机构，负责解释和适用国际法，并处理国家之间的法律争端。

总而言之，联合国宪章是国际社会合作的基石，规定了联合国的宗旨、原则和职能，为国际和平与安全、经济与社会发展、人权与基本自由等问题提供了法律依据。

第一一条 联合国之宗旨为： 一一、维持国际和平及安全；并为此目目的：采取有效集体办法、以防止止且消 除对于和平之威胁，制止止侵略行行为或其他和平之破坏；并以和平方方法且依正义 及国际法之原则，调整或解决足足以破坏和平之国际争端或情势。 二二、发展国际间以尊重人人民平等权利及自自决原则为根据之友好关系，并采 取其他适当办法，以增强普遍和平。 三、促成国际合作，以解决国际间属于经济、社会、文文化、及人人类福利性 质之国际问题，且不分种族、性别、语言言、或宗教、增进并激励对于全体人人类 之人人权及基本自自由之尊重。 四、构成一一协调各国行行动之中心心，以达成上述共同目目的。 第二二条 为求实现第一一条所述各宗旨起见，本组织及其会员国应遵行行下列原则：
联合国宪章 【文文 献 号】1-27092 【时 效 性】有效 【法规名称】联合国宪章 【法规分类】其他 【颁布部门】中国政府 【颁布日日期】19451024 【实施日日期】19451024 【正 文文】联合国宪章 我联合国人人民同兹决心心欲免后世再遭今代人人类两度身身历惨不堪言言之战祸，重申 基本人人权，人人格尊严与价值，以及男女女与大大小小各国平等权利之信念，创造适当 环境，俾克维持正义，尊重由条约与国际法其他渊源而而起之义务，久而而弗懈， 促成大大自自由中之社会进步及较善之民生生，并为达此目目的力力行行容恕，彼此以善邻 之道，和睦相处，集中力力量，以维持国际和平及安全，接受原则，确立立力力法， 以保证非非为公共利益，不得使用用武力力，运用用国际机构，以促成全球人人民经济及 社会之进展，用用是发愤立立志，务当同心心协力力，以竟厥功。爰由我各本国政府， 经齐集金金山山市之代表各将所奉全权证书，互相校阅，均属妥善，议定本联合国 宪章，并设立立国际组织，定名联合国。 第一一章 宗旨及原则
第二二十〸十九条 安全理事会得设立立其认为于行行使职务所必需之辅助机关。 第三十〸十条 安全理事会应自自行行制定其议事规则，包括其推选主席之方方法。 第三十〸十一一条 在安全理事会提出之任何问题，经其认为对于非非安全理事会理事国之联合 国任何会员国之利益有特别关系时，该会员国得参加讨论，但无无投票权。 第三十〸十二二条 联合国会员国而而非非为安全理事会之理事国，或非非联合国会员国之国家，如 于安全理事会考虑中之争端为当事国者，应被邀参加关于该项争端之讨论，但 无无投票权。安全理事会应规定其所认为公平之条件，以便非非联合国会员国之国 家参加。 第六章 争端之和平解决 第三十〸十三条 一一、任何争端之当事国，于争端之继续存在足足以危及国际和平与安全之维 持时，应尽先以谈判、调查、调停、和解、公断、司法解决、区域机关或区域 办法之利用用、或各该国自自行行选择之其他和平方方法，求得解决。 二二、安全理事会认为必要时，应促请各当事国以此项方方法，解决其争端。 第三十〸十四条 安全理事会得调查任何争端或可能引起国际磨擦或惹起争端之任何情势， 以断定该项争端或情势之继续存在是否足足以危及国际和平与安全之维持。 第三十〸十五条 一一、联合国任何会员国得将属于第三十〸十四条所指之性质之任何争端或情势， 提请安全理事会或大大会注意。 二二、非非联合国会员国之国家如为任何争端之当事国时，经预先声明就该争 端而而言言接受本宪章所规定和平解决之义务后，得将该项争端，提请大大会或安全 理事会注意。 三、大大会关于按照本条所提请注意事项之进行行步骤，应遵守第十〸十一一条及第 十〸十二二条之规定。 第三十〸十六条 一一、属于第三十〸十三条所指之性质之争端或相似之情势，安全理事会在任何 阶段，得建议适当程序或调整方方法。 二二、安全理事会对于当事国为解决争端业经采取之任何程序，理应予以考 虑。

联合国宪章诠释
《联合国宪章》是联合国的基本大法，它既确立了联合国的宗旨、原则和组织机构设置，又规定了成员国的责任、权利和义务，以及处理国际关系、维护世界和平与安全的基本原则和方法。

以下是对《联合国宪章》的主要内容和精神的诠释：
1. 宗旨和原则：《宪章》的首要宗旨是维护国际和平与安全，并为此确立了一系列原则，包括主权平等、不干涉内政、和平解决争端、禁止使用武力等。

2. 组织机构：《宪章》规定了联合国的主要机构，如安理会、大会、经济及社会理事会、托管理事会和国际法院等，以及它们的职权和运作方式。

3. 集体安全：《宪章》确立了集体安全机制，通过安理会的决议和行动来维护国际和平与安全。

安理会有权采取军事、经济或其他制裁措施来应对威胁和平的行为。

4. 国际合作：《宪章》强调国际合作在解决全球性问题、促进经济发展、保护人权等方面的重要性。

它鼓励成员国通过协商、谈判和合作来实现共同目标。

5. 非殖民化：《宪章》支持非殖民化进程，呼吁所有殖民地和托管地实现独立和自决。

这一原则对于推动全球范围内的民族解放运动起到了重要作用。

6. 人权保护：《宪章》虽然没有直接提及人权，但它强调了人权的重要性，并为后来的国际人权保护体系奠定了基础。

总之，《联合国宪章》是国际社会共同制定的基本准则，它为维护世界和平、促进合作与发展提供了重要的框架和指导原则。

1。

联合国宪章27条【篇一：联合国宪章27条】安全理事会每一理事国应有一个投票权。

安全理事会关于程式事项之决议，应以九理事国之可决票表决之。

安全理事会对于其他一切事项之决议，应以九理事国之可决票包括全体常任理事国之同意票表决之；但对于第六章及第五十二条第三项内各事项之决议，争端当事国不得投票。

期间，苏联于安理会会议离席，以图妨碍安理会通过任何决议。

虽然宪章上的明文规定，但苏联此举却被视为无约束力的缺席。

此后，所有缺席和弃权票都不视为否决，故此常任理事国可以弃权而非否决来表达对议案的不满。

否决权的行使历史上大部分的否决权都是由所行使。

在苏联解体后，美国是行使否决权最频繁的国家。

直至2012年，5个常任理事国共行使270次否决权：：129次（为121次、8次）：83次：32次：18次：10次（1次、9次）俄罗斯／苏联在联合国成立早期，苏联外交人民委员及后来的外交部长曾多次投反对票，故此他又被称为“否决先生”。

事实上，历史上近半数的否决权的是由苏联行使的——在首10年就行使了79次。

莫洛托夫不断否决接纳新成员国，以报复美国拒绝接纳苏联的盟国。

苏联解体后，继承其安理会常任理事国席位的俄罗斯仅小量行使其否决权。

美国于1970年首次就危机行使否决权，并于1972年单独行使否决权，以阻挠制裁的议案通过。

自那时起，美国成为最常行使否决权的常任理事国，主要用于否决批评以色列的议案（参见）。

这也是和安理会经常起磨擦的原因，从美国于2003年发动未获联合国授权的可见。

参见：自1946年至1971年，安理会的中国席位都是由代表。

在此期间，中华民国只在1955年12月13日行使了一次否决权，以阻止加入联合国，因中华民国宣称蒙古为中国之一部分。

直至1960年，苏联宣称若蒙古不获接纳成为会员国，它会阻止所有新独立的非洲国家加入。

中华民国政府没有参加投票。

自1971年中华人民共和国取得了中华民国于安理会的议席后，它第一次行使否决权是于1972年8月25日，以阻止加入联合国。

WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untoldsorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, AND FOR THESE ENDS to practice tolerance and live together in peace withone another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples, HA VE RESOLED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.。

联合国宪章第九十九条规定，秘书长得将其所认为可能威胁国际和平及安全之任何事件，提请安全理事会注意。

此外，宪章还规定，安全理事会如认为必要时，得作成建议或决定应采办法，以维护或恢复国际和平及安全。

联合国宪章第九十九条是联合国宪章中非常重要的一条，它赋予了联合国秘书长和安理会在维护国际和平与安全方面的重要职责。

根据这一条款，联合国秘书长可以向安理会报告任何可能对国际和平与安全构成威胁的事件，并要求安理会采取行动。

同时，安理会也有权采取必要的措施来维护或恢复国际和平与安全。

这些措施可能包括制定决议、实施制裁、进行维和行动等。

联合国宪章（中英文）Charter of the United NationsTABLE OF CONTENTS:Introductory NotePreambleChapter I: Purposes and Principles (Articles 1-2)Chapter II: Membership (Articles 3-6)Chapter III: Organs (Articles 7-8)Chapter IV: The General Assembly (Articles 9-22)Chapter V: The Security Council (Articles 23-32)Chapter VI: Pacific Settlement of Disputes (Articles 33-38)Chapter VII: Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression (Articles 39-51)Chapter VIII: Regional Arrangements (Articles 52-54)Chapter IX: International Economic and Social Cooperation (Articles 55-60)Chapter X: The Economic and Social Council (Articles 61-72)Chapter XI: Declaration Regarding Non-Self-Governing Territories (Articles 73-74)Chapter XII: International Trusteeship System (Articles 75-85)Chapter XIII: The Trusteeship Council (Articles 86-91)Chapter XIV: The International Court of Justice (Articles 92-96)Chapter XV: The Secretariat (Articles 97-101)Chapter XVI: Miscellaneous Provisions (Articles 102-105)Chapter XVII: Transitional Security Arrangements (Articles 106-107)Chapter XVIII: Amendments (Articles 108-109)Chapter XIX: Ratification and Signature (Articles 110-111)INTRODUCTORY NOTEThe Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945. The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter.Amendments to Articles 23, 27 and 61 of the Charter were adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 1963 and came into force on 31 August 1965. A further amendment to Article 61 was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 1971, and came into force on 24 September 1973. An amendment to Article 109, adopted by the General Assebmly on 20 December 1965, came into force on 12 June 1968.The amendment to Article 23 enlarges the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen. The amended Article 27 provides that decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members (formerly seven) and on all other matters by an affirmative vote of nine members (formerly seven), including the concurring votes of the five permanent members of the Security Council.The amendment to Article 61, which entered into force on 31 August 1965, enlarged the membership of the Economic and Social Council from eighteen to twenty-seven.The subsequent amendment to that Article, which entered into force on 24 September 1973, further increased the membership of the Council from twenty-seven tofifty-four.The amendment to Article 109, which relates to the first paragraph of that Article, provides that a General Conference of Member States for the purpose of reviewing the Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine members (formerly seven) of the Security Council. Paragraph 3 of Article 109, which deals with the consideration of a possible review conference during the tenth regular session of the General Assembly, has been retained in its original form in its reference to a "vote, of any seven members of the Security Council", the paragraph having been acted upon in 1955 by the General Assembly, at its tenth regular session, and by the Security Council. homeWE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINEDto save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, andto reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, andto establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, andto promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,AND FOR THESE ENDSto practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, andto unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, andto ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, andto employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMSAccordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations. homeCHAPTER IPURPOSES AND PRINCIPLESArticle 1The Purposes of the United Nations are:1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.Article 2The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles.1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter Vll. homeCHAPTER IIMEMBERSHIPArticle 3The original Members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present Charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.Article 41. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.2. The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.Article 5A Member of the United Nations against which preventive or enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation ofthe Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privileges may be restored by the Security Council.Article 6A Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated the Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. home CHAPTER IIIORGANSArticle 71. There are established as the principal organs of the United Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court of Justice, and a Secretariat.2. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter.Article 8The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs.homeCHAPTER IVTHE GENERAL ASSEMBLYCOMPOSITIONArticle 91. The General Assembly shall consist of all the Members of the United Nations.2. Each Member shall have not more than five representatives in the General Assembly.FUNCTIONS AND POWERSArticle 10The General Assembly may discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present Charter, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations to the Members of the United Nationsor to the Security Council or to both on any such questions or matters.Article 111. The General Assembly may consider the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both.2. The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security brought before it by any Member of the United Nations, or by the Security Council, or by a state which is not a Member of the United Nations in accordance with Article 35, paragraph 2, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recommendations with regard to any such questions to the state or states concerned or to the Security Council or to both. Any such question on which action is necessary shall be referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly either before or after discussion.3. The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security.4. The powers of the General Assembly set forth in this Article shall not limit the general scope of Article 10.Article 121. While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any dispute or situation the functions assigned to it in the present Charter, the General Assembly shall not makeany recommendation with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security Council so requests.2. The Secretary-General, with the consent of the Security Council, shall notify the General Assembly at each session of any matters relative to the maintenance of international peace and security which are being dealt with by the Security Council and shall similarly notify the General Assembly, or the Members of the United Nations if the General Assembly is not in session, immediately the Security Council ceases to deal with suchmatters.Article 131. The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of:a. promoting international co-operation in the political field and encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification;b. promoting international co-operation in the economic, social, cultural,educational, and health fields, and assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race,sex, language, or religion.2. The further responsibilities, functions and powers of the General Assembly with respect to matters mentioned in paragraph 1 (b) above are set forth in Chapters IX and X.Article 14Subject to the provisions of Article 12, the General Assembly may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment of any situation,regardless of origin, which it deems likely to impair the general welfare or friendly relations among nations, including situations resulting from a violation of the provisions of the present Charter setting forth the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.Article 151. The General Assembly shall receive and consider annual and special reports from the Security Council; these reports shall include an account of the measures that the Security Council has decided upon or taken to maintain international peace and security.2. The General Assembly shall receive and consider reports from the other organs of the United Nations.Article 16The General Assembly shall perform such functions with respect to the international trusteeship system as are assigned to it under Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the trusteeship agreements for areasnot designated as strategic.Article 171. The General Assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the Organization.2. The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly.3. The General Assembly shall consider and approve any financial and budgetary arrangements with specialized agencies referred to in Article 57 and shall examine the administrative budgets of such specialized agencies with a view to making recommendations to the agencies concerned.VOTINGArticle 181. Each member of the General Assembly shall have one vote.2. Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by atwo-thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security,the election of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1 (c) of Article 86, the admission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions.3. Decisions on other questions, including the determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.Article 19A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, nevertheless, permit such a Member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Member.PROCEDUREArticle 20The General Assembly shall meet in regular annual sessions and in such special sessions as occasion may require. Special sessions shall be convoked by the Secretary-General at the request of the Security Council or of a majority of the Members of the United Nations.Article 21The General Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure. It shall elect its President for each session.Article 22The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions. homeCHAPTER VTHE SECURITY COUNCILCompositionArticle 231. The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution.2. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non-permanent members after the increase of the membership of the Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election.3. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.FUNCTIONS AND POWERSArticle 241. In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations,its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under thisresponsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf.2. In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. The specific powers granted to the Security Council for the discharge of these duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, VIII, and XII.3. The Security Council shall submit annual and, when necessary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consideration.Article 25The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter.Article 26In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, the Security Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, plans to be submitted to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments.VOTINGArticle 271. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote.2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members.3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.PROCEDUREArticle 281. The Security Council shall be so organized as to be able to function continuously. Each member of the Security Council shall for this purpose be represented at all times at the seat of the Organization.2. The Security Council shall hold periodic meetings at which each of itsmembers may, if it so desires, be represented by a member of thegovernment or by some other specially designated representative.3. The Security Council may hold meetings at such places other than the seat of the Organization as in its judgment will best facilitate its work.Article 29The Security Council may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.Article 30The Security Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.Article 31Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council may participate, without vote, in the discussion of any question brought before the Security Council whenever the latter considers that the interests of that Member are specially affected.Article 32Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council or any state which is not a Member of the United Nations, if it is a party to a disputeunder consideration by the Security Council, shall be invited to participate, without vote, in the discussion relating to the dispute. The Security Council shall lay down such conditions as it deems just for the participation of a state which is not a Member of the United Nations. home--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CHAPTER VIPACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTESArticle 331. The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.2. The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means.Article 34The Security Council may investigate any dispute, or any situation which might lead to international friction or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute or situation is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security.Article 351. Any Member of the United Nations may bring any dispute, or any situation of the nature referred to in Article 34, to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly.2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may bring to the attention of the Security Council or of the General Assembly any dispute to which it is a party if it accepts in advance, for the purposes of the dispute, the obligations of pacific settlement provided in the present Charter.3. The proceedings of the General Assembly in respect of matters brought to its attention under this Article will be subject to the provisions of Articles 11 and 12.Article 361. The Security Council may, at any stage of a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 or of a situation of like nature, recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment.2. The Security Council should take into consideration any procedures for the settlement of the dispute which have already been adopted by the parties.3. In making recommendations under this Article the Security Council should also take into consideration that legal disputes should as a general rule be referred by the parties to the International Court of Justice in accordance with the provisions of the Statute of the Court.Article 371. Should the parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 fail to settle it by the means indicated in that Article, they shall refer it to the Security Council.2. If the Security Council deems that the continuance of the dispute is in fact likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action under Article 36 or to recommend such terms of settlement as it may consider appropriate.Article 38Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 33 to 37, the Security Council may, if all the parties to any dispute so request, make recommendations to the parties with a view to a pacific settlement of the dispute. home--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CHAPTER VIIACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS TO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF THE PEACE, AND ACTS OF AGGRESSIONArticle 39The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security.Article 40In order to prevent an aggravation of the situation, the Security Council may, before making the recommendations or deciding upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call upon the parties concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems necessary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be without prejudice to the rights, claims, or position of the parties concerned. The Security Council shall duly take account of failure to comply with such provisional measures.Article 41The Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Nations to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations.Article 42Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea,or land forces of Members of the United Nations.Article 431. All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, undertake to make available to the Security Council,on its call and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance, and facilities, including rights of passage, necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.2. Such agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers and types of forces, their degree of readiness and general location, and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided.3. The agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon as possible on the initiative of the Security Council. They shall be concluded between the Security Council and Members or between the Security Council and groups of Members and shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.Article 44When the Security Council has decided to use force it shall, before calling upon a Member not represented on it to provide armed forces in fulfilment of the obligations assumed under Article 43, invite that Member, if the Member so desires, to participate in the decisions of the Security Council concerning the employment of contingents of that Member's armed forces.Article 45In order to enable the United Nations to take urgent military measures, Members shall hold immediately available national air-force contingents for combined international enforcement action. The strength and degree of readiness of these contingents and plans for their combined action shall be determined within the limits laid down in the special agreement or agreements referred to in Article 43, by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.Article 46Plans for the application of armed force shall be made by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.Article 471. There shall be established a Military Staff Committee to advise and assist the Security Council on all questions relating to the Security Council's military requirements for the maintenance of international peace and security, the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal, the regulation of armaments, and possible disarmament.2. The Military Staff Committee shall consist of the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their representatives. Any Member of the United Nations not permanently represented on the Committee shall be invited by the Committee to be associated with it when the efficient discharge of the Committee's responsibilities requires the participation of that Member in its work.3. The Military Staff Committee shall be responsible under the Security Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the disposal of the Security Council. Questions relating to the command of such forces shall be worked out subsequently.。

最新版联合国宪章学习要点
1. ___的目的是维护国际和平与安全、促进国际合作、解决全球问题和促进人权的保护。

2. 联合国宪章的核心原则包括平等主权、不干涉内政、和平解决争端、合作发展和遵守国际法。

3. ___确立了___的成员资格、组织结构和工作原则。

4. ___规定了安全理事会、大会、秘书处和国际法院等机构的职责和权力。

5. 宪章要求会员国履行义务，并通过合作解决国际争端、减少武器冲突和促进可持续发展。

6. ___强调尊重和保护人权，包括宣传和促进基本自由、促进经济和社会发展、推动性别平等和保护儿童权益。

7. 宪章还强调规范和促进国际合作，包括通过发展国际法、协调经济政策和推动科技转让来解决全球问题。

8. ___规定了会员国的责任和义务，包括履行国际法、遵守___解决争端的程序和尊重___的决议。

9. 最新版___还强调了可持续发展、气候变化、全球卫生和恐怖主义等当代全球性问题的重要性。

以上是最新版联合国宪章的学习要点，它对于了解国际事务以及___的目标和原则非常重要。

第一个在联合国宪章上签字的国家是中国是第一个在《联合国宪章》上签字的国家。

1945年6月26日，举行联合国宪章签字仪式，中国代表第一个在宪章的中、法、俄、英、西5种联合国正式语言文件上签字。

随后是法、苏、英、美4国代表依次签字，然后才是与会的其他45个国家；同年10月24日宪章开始生效，联合国正式成立。

包括后来补签的波兰在内的51个国家成为联合国创始会员国。

起草过程
在《联合国宪章起草文件》的文献中详细记录了《联合国宪章》诞生的全过程。

”这份文献总共分为3本，第一本为索引，其他两本则记录了从1945年4月到6月之间，包括中、英、美、苏在内的50个联合国初始成员国在旧金山举行会议，讨论通过《联合国宪章》的过程。

其中一本书的目录详细记录了自1945年5月9日以来，这50个成员国所举办的会议过程。

上面记录着，仅1945年6月16日当天，就举行了3次会议。

联合国宪章在现代国际法的地位和意义在一个由许多国家构成的世界秩序的背景下，1945年联合国宪章的出现是令人振奋的时刻，以其道德准则和法律程序在国际法中扮演着至关重要的角色。

合国宪章是有关国家的权利和义务的权威性法律文件，作为今天现代国际法的基础，仍然起着重要的作用。

在联合国宪章中，国家之间的关系是建立在“和平”的理念、“尊重”的原则和“国家领土”的保证上的，所有国家都有义务遵守国际法，不得以敌对的方式对待其他国家，也不得违反其他国家的领土主权。

这种保证的有效实施必须依赖于内外国家的实践，即遵守国际法。

国际法的制度也是基于《联合国宪章》中的一系列原则和准则而建立的，其中包括“国家平等”、“自由贸易原则”、“和平处理国家争端”、“国家领土主权和完全自治”等。

这些原则和准则都是国际法（以及国际关系）运行的基础，旨在实现国际关系的和平及发展。

此外，联合国宪章还提出了许多有关人权的准则，如“尊重和保护人权的原则”、“平等的权利和自由的保护原则”、“不以任何方式剥夺人权的原则”等，为国际法提供了重要的维护。

另一方面，它还明确规定了国际社会的监督机制、仲裁机制以及调解机制等，有助于国家之间的争端解决，促进国际关系的发展，增进国际和平秩序。

此外，联合国宪章还规定了若干国际机构，其中包括联合国大会、联合国安全理事会（世界安全最高权力机构）、联合国经济和社会理事会、联合国秘书长等，这些机构在国际关系中具有巨大作用，推动国际法的实施和发展。

总而言之，联合国宪章在现代国际法中的地位和意义非常重要。

它的出现和完善不仅为国家之间的和平相处提供了根本性的思想指导和法律保障，而且也推进了国际关系的发展，保护了人权，维护了国际和平秩序。

它为世界各国提供了更加明确的法律责任，以确保国家之间的友好关系和互相尊重，有助于消除冲突，推动各国实现和谐的社会发展。

联合国宪章51条内容【篇一：联合国宪章51条内容】中央电视台今日关注中张召忠少将说，不要以为碰触主权底线中国也不会动手，依据《联合国宪章》第51条规定，当一个国家主权受到侵害时，可行使武力手段自卫。

那么我们就来看看《联合国宪章》第51条之自卫权解释：一、自卫权的性质扩大解释：既然第51条承认自卫权是国家的“自然权利”，那么也就意味着宪章完整地保留了传统国际法中的习惯自卫权，其结论是：自卫权不仅是国家的“自然权利”，也是国家的“绝对权利”。

传统国际法中的自卫权按照习惯国际法，自卫权是国家的“自然权利”或固有权利。

这种权利不需要其他国际法实体授权，即可行使。

在传统国际法中，这种自然权利是绝对的，因为在传统国际法中，国家主权是绝对的，国家具有诉诸战争的绝对权利，自卫作为国家发动战争的理由，当然可以不受法律的约束和限制，其范围也不限于国家受到武力攻击这一情形，还包括“武力自助”的一切方面。

二、自卫权行使的前提扩大解释：既然宪章承认和支持国家的“习惯自卫权”，那么根据传统国际法，第51条不仅允许国家可在发生武力攻击时行使自卫权，而且也可以对迫近的武力攻击行使自卫权。

三、自卫权行使所针对的对象扩大解释：宪章第51条并没有将武力攻击者限于国家，因此，国家之外的包括恐怖主义组织在内的非国家行为体也可以成为自卫行动的打击目标，打击恐怖主义的自卫行动可及于对恐怖主义提供庇护和支持的国家与政府。

五、自卫权行使与安理会履行职责的关系 1、安理会采取必要办法之后，自卫行动是否必须终止？“扩大解释”认为，安理会职责的履行不能剥夺国家的自卫权，1990年科威特及其盟国对伊拉克侵略科威特做出反应的行动表明，即使安理会采取某些措施之后，也并不阻止继续诉诸自卫。

虽然现行的国际法已不能适用国际社会发展的现实，但在它没有改变之前，必须维护它的权威，特别是要维护国际法基本原则的权威。

为维护联合国宪章授予我们的国家自卫权，赶紧在南海采取行动吧，否则，八国联军攻陷北京的灾难又可能降临到我们的头上！【篇二：联合国宪章51条内容】table of contentsacknowledgmenttable of abbreviations and abbreviated citationsselected case law, legislation and related documentspage xxixviiiintroduction11the methodological debate and the quest for custom61.1treaty vs. custom1.1.1the charter and pre-existing custom1.1.2the role of custom in treaty interpretationand modification77191.2state practice vs. opinio iuris1.2.1introduction: the methodologicaldebate1.2.2the evidentiary weight of wordsanddeeds311.2.3observations concerning the density of customarypractice441.2.4conclusion5129292 armed attack and other conditions of self-defence532.1the armed attack requirement as an integralpart of article 51 un charter2.1.1self-preservation and self-defenceprior to 1945532.1.2article 51 un charter primary meansof interpretation2.1.3the preparatory works of the un charter5355602.2other conditions of self-defence2.2.1 procedural obligations2.2.2necessity and proportionality686891vii3the armed attack requirement ratione materiae1263.1armed attack and aggression3.1.1two sides of the same coin3.1.2the negotiations within the fourth special committee on thequestion of defining aggression (196874)3.1.3value of the definition ofaggression1271271291363.2general factors determining the existence of an armedattack 1393.2.1the most grave forms of the use of force andthe de minimis controversy3.2.2the animus aggressionis and accumulationof events1583.2.3connecting the dots: the panoply of scenariosand the role ofcontext1391753.3small-scale incursions by land, sea orair1843.4attacks against external manifestations ofthestate3.4.1military units and military installationsabroad3.4.2embassies and diplomatic envoys3.4.3civilian aircraft and merchant vessels3.4.4protection ofnationals1991992012042134the armed attack requirement ratione temporis2504.1anticipatory self-defence: the never-ending saga(1945 2001)2554.1.1the doctrinal debate a brief appraisal4.1.2customary precedents: evidence inconcreto4.1.3customary evidence in abstracto2552672944.2the shockwaves of 9/114.2.1the 2002 us national security strategy and the interventionin iraq in 20033054.2.2shifting positions of states and scholars: a defeat of preventiveself-defence at the expense of an embrace of pre-emptiveself-defence?3183054.3exceptions and borderline cases4.3.1the prospective dimension of the necessity standard4.3.2possible exceptions?4.3.3interceptive self-defence at the tactical level: on-the-spotreaction346342342343viiitable of contents5the armed attack requirement ratione personae3685.1indirect military aggression in thedecolonization era5.1.1formulation of the problem5.1.2the debate on indirect aggression within the fourth specialcommittee on the question of defining aggression5.1.3state practice3945.1.4indirect aggression in the wake of the icj s nicaraguacase4063693693825.2self-defence against non-state actors in the ageof international terrorism and state failure5.2.1prelude to 9/11: shifting context, shifting practice?5.2.29/11: awakening to a new securityenvironment5.2.3customary practice after 9/115.2.4the response of the international court ofjustice5.2.5conclusion:cannon-stateactorscommit armedattacks ?what future for the armed attackcriterion?41941943344747248565116.1the customary boundaries of self-defence6.1.1a word of caution6.1.2the correlation between article 51 un charter and otherprimary or secondary rules, and the pre-existing customparadigm5146.1.3preconditions of individual self-defence other than the armedattack requirement5176.1.4ratione materiae: the basic ingredients of an armed attack 5206.1.5the armed attack ratione temporis6.1.6ratione personae: attacks by non-state actors andthe right of self-defence6.1.7the slippery slope of self-defence5115115245285326.2towards a unga definition of armed attack ?6.2.1resuming an。