Unit 4 Learning efficiently Period 2 Learning about Language & Using Language课件 新人教版选修10

Unit 4 Learning efficiently
Part Two: Teaching Resources
Section 1: Discourse studiesofHOWTO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL READER
1. T
HOW TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL READER
Part 2
The same principle applies to competent readers.
Reading will also be more enjoyable if the subject interests you or you believe it is useful.
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Part 3
It is much easier to understand a text if youalready know something about the subject or the organization of the text before you start.
While reading, a good reader thinks about the content and asksquestions or makes ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้omments in his or her head.
Think about the way you read different types of text in yourown language.
As your purpose for reading sentences was to answerquestions, you can achieve your purpose even though you probably don’t know what some of the words mean.

新教材高中英语新人教版选择性必修2：Section B Learning About Language课后篇巩固提升基础夯实Ⅰ.选词填空1.The package includes cycle hire for the of your holiday.2.At 33 he in a glass-making degree course at London’s Royal College of Art.3.In the city of Jinan,traffic reaches its between 7 and 8 in the morning.4.When he reached the top,his heart was pounding and he was gasping for .5.It is very for him to travel and to try out and explore whatever is new.6.Many people find it difficult to define the between love andfriendship.Ⅱ.完成句子1.The temple,situated on the top of the hill, (追溯到)the Tang Dynasty.2.In view of these factors,you’d better finish your teaching tasks(提前).3.The school’s website says each student (注册)an average of two classes.4.With fewer cars on the roads,traffic is flowing more smoothly(比往常).5.By reducing costs and improving service,the hotel has started to(盈利) again.6.In our eagerness to (谋生),we often forget about our quality of life.7.When the new road was built,the small town (转变成)a large city.8.After the old man took the medicine,he felt much better (后来).Ⅲ.语法专练1. (order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.2. (absorb)in painting,John didn’t notice evening approaching.3.The manager was (satisfy)to see many new products developed after great effort.4.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).5.Film has a much shorter history,especially when (compare)to such art forms as music and painting.6. (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.7.While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote),Henry did his best to perform his duty.8. (found) in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.9. (attract) by the latest electronic toys,the little boy stood in front of the windows without moving.10.When you got (lose)in the forest,you must have been very frightened.素养提升Ⅳ.阅读理解主题语境:北极光语篇类型:记叙文词数:371难度:★★★☆Since I was born and brought up in a rural town,I have a great interest ining the chance of study abroad in my second year at college,I decided to goto Canada just because I wanted to see the beautiful phenomena there.So after Ifinished the study abroad program,I went to Yellowknife in the North West Territories.I clearly remember the sixth night in the Yellowknife.Suddenly my host mothercame to my room around 8 p.m.and told me to change clothes and go outside quickly carrying her camera.The“northern lights”were flickering in the sky!I was stunned and just stoodthere with my mouth open.I forgot to take pictures of the mysterious lights.I was so excited that I couldn’t sleep at all that night.Since thatnight,whenever it was sunny,I went outside at night and looked at the sky.It was so cold that I lost all feelings in my hands and feet.Actually,the time of my being able to be out was limited.I had to bring her camera back to house in one hour at the most,for the camera was going to be broken because of the cold temperature.As I took the pictures of the northern lights,I came to find a characteristic movement of the lights.They first appear in the north part of the sky and then they gradually come down to the south part of the sky.After that,suddenly,they come in the middle of the north and south only for a while,which is the time when the bestnorthern lights can be seen.Since it is only a few seconds for the northern lights to come down to the middle of the sky,it is very hard to get good pictures.The stronger the sun acts,the better and strong northern lights flicker in the sky.That’s because they occur from the collision between atmospheric gas es and solar wind.Much more solar wind comes to the earth when the sun is active,which lead to the best northern lights.And the colours of the northern lights depend on the height ofthe collisions and kinds of gases.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

Unit 4 Learning efficiently-section 2Part Two: Teaching ResourcesSection 2: Background information for Unit 4 Learning efficiently1. What is learning?learning, in psychology, the process by which a relatively lasting change in potential behavior occurs as a result of practice or experience. Learning is distinguished from behavioral changes arising from such processes as maturation and illness, but does apply to motor skills, such as driving a car, to intellectual skills, such as reading, and to attitudes and values, such as prejudice. There is evidence that neurotic symptoms and patterns of mental illness are also learned behavior. Learning occurs throughout life in animals, and learned behavior accounts for a large proportion of all behavior in the higher animals, especially in humans.2. Models of LearningClassical ConditioningThe first model, classical conditioning, was initially identified by Pavlov in the salivation reflex of dogs. Salivation is an innate reflex, or unconditioned response,to the presentation of food, an unconditioned stimulus. Pavlov showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate merely to the sound of a buzzer (a conditioned stimulus), after it was sounded a number of times in conjunction with the presentation of food. Learning is said to occur because salivation has been conditioned to a new stimulus that did not elicit it initially. The pairing of food with the buzzer acts to reinforce the buzzer as the prominent stimulus. Operant ConditioningA second type of learning, known as operant conditioning, was developed around the same time as Pavlov's theory by Thorndike, and later expanded upon by B. F. Skinner. Here, learning takes place as the individual acts upon the environment. Whereas classical conditioning involves innate reflexes, operant conditioning requires voluntary behavior. Thorndike showed that an intermittent reward is essential to reinforce learning, while discontinuing the use of reinforcement tends to extinguish the learned behavior. The famous Skinner box demonstrated operant conditioning by placing a rat in a box in which the pressing of a small bar produces food. Skinner showed that the rat eventually learnsto press the bar regularly to obtain food. Besides reinforcement, punishment produces avoidance behavior, which appears to weaken learning but not curtail it. In both types of conditioning, stimulus generalization occurs; i.e., the conditioned response may be elicited by stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus but not used in the original training. Stimulus generalization has enormous practical importance, because it allows for the application of learned behaviors across different contexts. Behavior modification is a type of treatment resulting from these stimulus/response models of learning. It operates under the assumption that if behavior can be learned, it can also be unlearned.Cognitive LearningA third approach to learning is known as cognitive learning. Wolfgang Kohler showed that a protracted process of trial-and-error may be replaced by a sudden understanding that grasps the interrelationships of a problem. This process, called insight, is more akin to piecing together a puzzle than responding to a stimulus. Edwar Tolman (1930)found that unrewarded rats learned the layout of a maze, yet this wasnot apparent until they were later rewarded with food. Tolman called this latent learning, and it has been suggested that the rats developed cognitive maps of the maze that they were able to apply immediately when a reward was offered.3. Multiple Intelligences■Verbal Linguistic intelligence (sensitive to the meaning and order of words as in a poet). Use activities that involve hearing, listening, impromptu or formal speaking, tongue twisters, humor, oral or silent reading, documentation, creative writing, spelling, journal, poetry.■Logical-mathematical intelligence (able to handle chains of reasoning and recognize patterns and orders as in a scientist). Use activities that involve abstract symbols/formulas, outlining, graphic organizers, numeric sequences, calculation, deciphering codes, problem solving. ■Musical intelligence (sensitive to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone as in a composer). Use activities that involve audio tape, music recitals, singing on key, whistling, humming, environmental sounds, percussion vibrations, rhythmic patterns, music composition, tonal patterns.Spatial intelligence (perceive the world accurately and tryto re-create or transform aspects of that world as in a sculptor or airplane pilot). Use activities that involve art, pictures, sculpture, drawings, doodling, mind mapping, patterns/designs, color schemes, active imagination, imagery, block building.■Bodily Kinesthetic intelligence (able to use the body skillfully and handle objects adroitly, as in an athlete or dancer). Use activities that involve role playing, physical gestures, drama, inventing, ball passing, sports games, physical exercise, body language, dancing.■Interpersonal intelligence (understand people and relationship as in a salesman or teacher). learners think by bouncing ideas off of each other (socializers who are people smart). Use activities that involve group projects, division of labor, sensing others' motives, receiving/giving feedback, collaboration skills.■Intrapersonal intelligence (posses s access to one's emotional life as a means to understand oneself and others exhibited by individuals with accurate views of themselves). Use activities that involve emotional processing, silent reflection methods, thinking strategies, concentrationskills, higher order reasoning, "centering" practices, meta-cognitive techniques.■Naturalist (connected to the intricacies and subtleties in nature such as Charles Darwin and Meriwether Lewis of Lewis and Clark fame). Use activities that involve bringing the outdoors into the class, relating to the natural world, charting, mapping changes, observing wildlife, keeping journals or logs.4. Top 10 Tips for studying English●Learning English Grammar in TextsHow can you best study and remember certain aspects of English grammar (e.g. tenses)? When reading English texts (lyrics, novels, news, textbooks) look out for the grammar aspect you want to remember. Mark it and reflect on why it is used there.To see whether you're right about a rule, look up the topic in an English grammar reference, your English textbook.●Doing English Gap-Filling ExercisesMake your own gap-filling exercises from English texts. Choose a short, interesting English text that is not too difficult (e.g. lyrics, text from your textbook, news, excerpt from a story/novel). Copy the text and delete somewords in the copy, e.g.:prepositionsadjectivesverbs in a certain tenseTry to fill the gaps correctly and then take the original text to check your answers.This sure is more fun when doing it with friends. Everyone prepares a short text and gives a copy to the others, who will try to fill the gaps correctly.To make things a bit easier, you can provide the words in a different order or as a translation.●Learning English through FilmsThanks to DVD, watching films in English has become an easy thing to do.Choose your favourite film - you've watched that film a dozen times and probably know all the dialogues off by heart in your native language. So following the story will be easy for you. Have paper and pen ready as you may want to jot down useful words or phrases that you wish to learn. English subtitles might be useful for that (although they might differ from what is actually being said).If you are not used to watching films in English, choose a only few episodes - at the beginning it isn't easy to concentrate on listening to the foreign language for a long time.●Learning English through SongsVocabulary needs to be revised again and again. Well, what could be better than studying vocabulary by listening to your favourite songs?Read the lyrics first and try to understand them. You don't have to translate the lyrics word by word, just try to find out what the song is all about. (Note: 'Rap' might not be practical as those songs usually contain slang words that not even 'ordinary' English native speakers know.)Pick some words or phrases from the song that you would like to learn. If necessary, look up their exact meaning in a dictionary. A dictionary might also be useful to find other interesting phrases with the word.Now, to learn the vocabulary, all you have to do is listening to the song again and again (that shouldn't be a problem if it's one of your favourite songs).。

Unit 4 Learning efficiently-using languagePart One: Teaching DesignPeriod 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language(HOW DO YOU LEARN BEST?)AimsTo help students read the passage HOW DO YOU LEARN BEST?To help students to use the language by reading, listening, speaking and writingProceduresI. Warming up by learning about how to learn English⒈Motivation: Become a person who likes to learn English.⒉ Dictionary: Get a good English dictionary.⒊ No mistakes: Avoid mistakes. Try to use correct English from the beginning.⒋ Pronunciation: Learn to pronounce English sounds. Learn to understand phonetic transcription and the phonetic alphabet.⒌ Input: Get English into your head by reading and listening to lots of English sentences. ReadingMoviesAdventure games⒍ SuperMemo is a computer program that you can use to learn English. We have used it for 8 years and it has helped us a lot.II. Reading for forms and for the meaningRead the text HOW DO YOU LEARN BEST? on page 36 to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions.III. Copying expressions and making sentencestake a quiz, find out…, what kind of…, would rather do, hear a book on a cassette, do one’s homework, like to hear music, in the background, go shopping, rely on…, a written list, on my memory, like playing sports, keep one’s room tidy, tend to do, see pictures in my mind, like reading stories, talk on the phone, love working with…, express oneself, find it…to do…, have trouble doing sth., learn about sth., write sth. down, concentrate on sth., for a long time, prefer to do…, have a tendency to…, sound sth. out, enjoy doing, add up, do experiments, make thingsIV. Listening about learning stylesLearning styles are different ways that a person can learn. It's commonly believed that most people favor some particular method of interacting with, taking in, and processing stimuli or information. Psychologists have proposed several complementary taxonomies of learning styles. But neuroscientists have doubts about the scientific basis for some learning style theories and a major report published in 2004 cast doubt on most of the main tests used to identify an individual's learning style.Now turn to page 38 and do the three listening and discussing exercises.V. Discussing difficulties learning EnglishWhat is the most difficult part about learning English?Spelling?Listening?Pronunciation?Grammar in general?Grammar - Word order?Grammar – Prepositions?Grammar - Phrasal Verbs?Grammar - Verb Tenses?Different Regional Accents?Vocabulary?Reading?Other - Please specify?VI. Discussing education quotes and proverbsEducation Quotes and ProverbsUnknownIf you study to remember, you will forget, but, If you study to understand, you will remember. Ropo OguntimehinEducation is a companion which no future can depress, no crime can destroy, no enemy can alienate it and no nepotism can enslave.UnknownThe essence of intelligence is skill in extracting meaning from everyday experience.Sir Walter ScottWe shall never learn to feel and respect our real calling and destiny, unless we have taught ourselves to consider every thing as moonshine, compared with the education of the heart. Mark TwainThere is nothing training cannot do. Nothing is above its reach. It can turn bad morals to good;it can destroy bad principles and recreate good ones; it can lift men to angelship.Lord ChesterfieldThe knowledge of the world is only to be acquired in the world, and not in a closet.Agustin MarissaE ducation is bitter but the fruit is sweet.W. B. YeatsEducation is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.Wendell PhillipsThe best education in the world is that got by struggling to get a living.Ralph Waldo EmersonThere is a time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide.B.B. KingThe beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you.Angela SchwindtWhile we try to teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about. Ralph Waldo EmersonI pay the schoolmaster, but 'tis the schoolboys that educate my son.Henry AdamsNothing in education is so astonishing as the amount of ignorance it accumulates in the form of facts.AristotleThe roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.James BaldwinA child cannot be taught by anyone who despises him, and a child cannot afford to be fooled. Alec BourneIt is possible to store the mind with a million facts and still be entirely uneducated. Henry Peter BroughanEducation makes people easy to lead, but difficult to drive; easy to govern, but impossible to enslave.EpictetusOnly the educated are free.Malcolm ForbesEducation's purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.John RuskinLet us reform our schools, and we shall find little need of reform in our prisons.Robert FrostEducation is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper.Horace MannEducation, then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of man, - the balance-wheel of the social machinery.Henry B. AdamsA teacher affects eternity; he can never tell, where his influence stops.Richard BachLearning is finding out what you already knowMichael FaradayThe lecturer should give the audience full reason to believe that all his powers have been exerted for their pleasure and instruction.Anatole FranceThe whole art of teaching is only the art of awakening the natural curiosity of young minds for the purpose of satisfying it afterwards.Ben FranklinGenius without education is like silver in the mine.GalileoYou cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself.Kahlil GibranI have learned silence from the talkative, toleration from the intolerant, and kindness from the unkind; yet, strange, I am ungrateful to these teachers.Robert F. GoheenIf you have both feet planted on level ground, then the university has failed you.Joseph JoubertTo teach is to learn twice.Laurence LeeThe world does not pay for what a person knows. But it pays for what a person does with what he knows.Anthony J. D'Angelo, The College Blue BookNever stop learning; knowledge doubles every fourteen months.Anthony J. D'Angelo, The College Blue BookLearn not only to find what you like, learn to like what you find.Anthony J. D'Angelo, The College Blue BookDevelop a passion for learning. If you do, you will never cease to grow.Galileo GalileiI have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him.Hellen KellerCollege isn't the place to go for ideas.VII. Reading and writingRead the short email on page 39 to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions.An emailHi,Congratulations /on your great English mark. I’m proud of you. I wish /I were doing as well/ in my English class. I try really hard /but I just don’t seem to get any better. For example, we have to learn 40 new words/ every week/ and the teacher tests us /on Mondays. I spend half an hour /every afternoon /learning the words, but I still get only about 20 /out of 40 correct /in the test.And I’m not much better /at reading. I read the passage/ and half the time/ it doesn’t make sense. It takes me ages/ to read /because I have to keep looking up words /in the dictionary.Then /I usually forget what I’ve read. Have you got any suggestions? I need HELP: -( Best wishes,DonghuaVIII. Closing down by writing an emailSmileys in EmailAcronymns used in emailsASAP: as soon as possibleBTW: By the wayCU: See you (good-bye)FAQs: Frequently Asked QuestionsHTH: Hope this helpsTIA: Thanks in Advance。